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Abd, Rahman M. N. "Modelling of physical vapour deposition (PVD) process on cutting tool using response surface methodology (RSM)." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cca436cf-b72b-c899-ef02-bd522b0d7ec5/1.
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The Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process is one of the widely used techniques for depositing thin film coatings on substrates for various applications such as integrated circuit fabrication, decorative coatings, and hard coatings for tooling. In the area of coatings on cutting tools, tool life can be improved drastically with the application of hard coatings. Application of coatings on cutting tools for various machining techniques, such as continuous and interrupted cutting, requires different coating characteristics, these being highly dependent on the process parameters under which they were formed. To efficiently optimise and customise the deposited coating characteristics, PVD process modelling using RSM methodology was proposed. The aim of this research is to develop a PVD magnetron sputtering process model which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and resultant coating characteristics and performance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, this being one of the most practical and cost effective techniques to develop a process model. Even though RSM has been used for the optimisation of the sputtering process, published RSM modelling work on the application of hard coating process on cutting tool is lacking. This research investigated the deposition of TiAlN coatings onto tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts using PVD magnetron sputtering process. The input parameters evaluated were substrate temperature, substrate bias voltage, and sputtering power; the out put responses being coating hardness, coating roughness, and flank wear (coating performance). In addition to that, coating microstructures were investigated to explain the behaviour of the developed model. Coating microstructural phenomena assessed were; crystallite grain size, XRD peak intensity ratio I111/I200 and atomic number percentage ratio of Al/Ti. Design Expert 7.0.3 software was used for the RSM analysis. Three process models (hardness, roughness, performance) were successfully developed and validated. The modelling validation runs were within the 90% prediction interval of the developed models and their residual errors compared to the predicted values were less than 10%. The models were also qualitatively validated by justifying the behaviour of the output responses (hardness, roughness, and flank wear) and microstructures (Al/Ti ratio, crystallographic peak ratio I111/1200, and grain size) with respect to the variation of the input variables based on the published work by researchers and practitioners in this field. The significant parameters that influenced the coating hardness, roughness, and performance (flank wear) were also identified. Coating hardness was influenced by the substrate bias voltage, sputtering power, and substrate temperature; coating roughness was influenced by sputtering power and substrate bias; and coating performance was influenced by substrate bias. The analysis also discovered that there was a significant interaction between the substrate temperature and the sputtering power which significantly influenced coating hardness, roughness, and performance; this interaction phenomenon has not been reported in previously published literature. The correlation study between coating characteristics, microstructures and the coating performance (flank wear) suggested that the coating performance correlated most significantly to the coating hardness with Pearson coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.7311. The study also suggested some correlation between coating performance with atomic percentage ratio of Al/Ti and grain size with R2 value of 0.4762 and 0.4109 respectively.
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Gustafsson, Erik. "Optimization of Castings by using Surrogate Models." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10192.
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<p>In this thesis structural optimization of castings and thermomechanical analysis of castings are studied.</p><p>In paper I an optimization algorithm is created by using Matlab. The algorithm is linked to the commercial FE solver Abaqus by using Python script. The optimization algorithm uses the successive response surfaces methodology (SRSM) to create global response surfaces. It is shown that including residual stresses in structural optimization of castings yields an optimal shape that differs significantly from the one obtained when residual stresses are excluded.</p><p>In paper II the optimization algorithm is expanded to using neural networks. It is tested on some typical bench mark problems and shows very promising results. Combining paper I and II the response surfaces can be either analytical functions, both linear and non-linear, or neural networks. The optimization is then performed by using sequential linear programming or by using a zero-order method called Complex. This is all gathered in a package called StuG-OPT.</p><p>In paper III and IV focus is on the thermomechanical problem when residual stresses are calculated. In paper III a literature review is performed and some numerical simulations are performed to see where numerical simulations can be used in the industry today. In paper IV simulations are compared to real tests. Several stress lattices are casted and the residual stresses are measured. Simulations are performed by using Magmasoft and Abaqus. In Magmasoft a J2-plasticity model is used and in Abaqus two simulations are performed using either J2-plasticity or the ”Cast Iron Plasticity” available in Abaqus that takes into account the different behavior in tension and compression for grey cast iron.</p><br>Report code: LIU-TEK-LIC-2007:34.
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Vildozo, Daniel. "Performance study of photocatalytic oxidation for the abatement of volatile organic compounds from indoor air environments." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10110.
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Ces derniers temps, des procédés commerciaux basés sur la technologie photocatalytique, sont arrivés sur le marché, afin de satisfaire la demande croissante du traitement de l’air intérieur. L’objectif de ce présent travail est de développer une nouvelle méthodologie pour évaluer l’efficacité de ce nouveau procédé. Pour l’étude de l’application de la photocatalyse au traitement de l’air intérieur, un dispositif expérimental a été mis au point et deux méthodes analytiques ont été développées (ATD-GCMS et GC-PDHID). La performance de la dégradation photocatalytique du 2-propanol et du toluène à faibles concentrations (ppbv) a été étudiée. L’influence des différents paramètres (humidité relative, débit, concentration initiale, etc.) et leurs interactions sur la conversion, la formation des intermédiaires et la minéralisation au CO2 a été établie<br>Many commercial systems based in the photocatalytic technology have reached the market recently in order to address the growing demand for improve poor indoor air qualities. The present work deals with the development of a new methodology in order to evaluate the efficiency of this process. For the study of photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air applications, an experimental set-up was designed and two analytical tools (ATD-GC-MS and GC-PDHID) were developed. The performance of the photocatalytic treatment of 2-propanol and toluene at indoor air concentrations levels (ppbv) were realised. The influence of several parameters and their interactions effects on the conversion, by-product formation and mineralization to CO2 were established
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Haykir, Isik. "Investigation Of Bioprocess Parameters For Glucose Isomerase Production By Bacillus Thermoantarcticus." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608536/index.pdf.
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In this study, the effects of bioprocess parameters on glucose isomerase roduction by Bacillus thermoantarcticus (DSMZ 9572) were investigated. For his purpose, firstly, in laboratory scale shake-bioreactors, a defined medium
was designed in terms of its carbon and nitrogen sources, to achieve the highest glucose isomerase activity. Optimum concentrations of medium components were determined by a statistical approach, namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM defined the relationship between the response, glucose isomerase activity and the independent variables, medium components. The highest glucose isomerase volumetric activity was obtained as 1630 U L-1 in the optimized medium containing 10.64 kg m-3 xylan, 5.66 kg
m-3 yeast extract, 5.92 kg m-3 (NH4)2SO4, 0.25 kg m-3 MgSO4.7H2O, 0.001 kg m-3 FeSO4.7H2O, 0.001 kg m-3 ZnSO4.7H2O , 0.000075 kg m-3 MnSO4. H2O,
and 0.00001 kg m-3 CuSO4.5H2O at conditions: pH0= 6.0, T=55°<br>C, N=200 min-1. Then by using the designed medium, pH and oxygen transfer conditions of the bioprocess were investigated in 3.0 dm3 pilot scale bioreactor. The effect
of pH was analyzed at pH=6 uncontrolled and controlled operations with the following conditions: air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm and agitation rate of N=500 min-1. The effects of oxygen transfer parameters were examined, at
pH=6 controlled condition, at an air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm and the agitation rates of N=300,500,750 min-1. The variations in glucose isomerase activity, cell, amino acid and organic acid concentrations with the cell cultivation time, specific cell growth rate, the oxygen uptake rate, the liquid
phase coefficient by using the dynamic method, maintenance coefficient for oxygen and yield coefficients were determined. The highest glucose isomerase volumetric activity and cell concentration, 1838 U L-1 and 2.26 kg m-3 at the
24th of the cell cultivation were attained at 0.5 vvm, 500 min 1 and pH=6 uncontrolled operation.
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Oztop, Mecit Halil. "Optimization Of Microwave Frying Of Potato Slices." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606536/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of microwave frying process on the quality of potato slices and to optimize the process by using different statistical optimization techniques.
Use of microwave frying for food products may be considered as a new way of improving the quality of the fried foods. In the first part of the study, the effects of microwaves on quality of fried potatoes (moisture content, oil content, color and hardness) were studied and the process was optimized by using Taguchi Technique. Microwave power level (400W, 550W and 700W), frying time (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 minutes) and oil type (sunflower, corn and hazelnut oil) were the parameters used in the study. Moisture content of potatoes decreased whereas oil content, hardness and &<br>#916<br>E values of the potatoes increased with increasing frying time and microwave power level. The potatoes with the highest oil content were found to be the ones that were fried in the hazelnut oil. The optimum condition was found as frying at 550W microwave power level, for 2.5 minutes in sunflower oil. The potatoes that were fried at the optimum condition were determined to have lower oil contents compared to the ones fried conventionally.In the second part of the study, osmotic dehydration was applied prior to microwave frying process in order to reduce oil uptake and to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration with microwaves on quality of fried potatoes. The process was optimized by using both Taguchi Technique and Response Surface Methodology. Microwave power level (400W, 550W and 700W), frying time (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 minutes) and osmotic dehydration time (15, 30, 45 minutes) were the parameters used in the study. Osmotic dehydration treatment was conducted in a salt solution of 20 % (w/w) at 30oC. Moisture content decreased whereas oil content, hardness and &<br>#916<br>E value of potatoes increased with increasing frying time and microwave power level. Dehydration of potatoes osmotically prior to frying reduced the oil content of fried potatoes. The optimum condition was found as frying at 400 W microwave power level for 1.5 min after 30 min of osmotic dehydration time according to Taguchi Technique. Microwave power level and frying time were the same as Taguchi Technique but osmotic dehydration time was 39 min for the optimum condition found using response surface methodology.
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Amanna, Ashwin Earl. "Statistical Experimental Design Framework for Cognitive Radio." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77331.
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This dissertation presents an empirical approach to identifying decisions for adapting cognitive radio parameters with no a priori knowledge of the environment. Cognitively inspired radios, attempt to combine observed metrics of system performance with artificial intelligence decision-making algorithms. Current architectures trend towards hybrid combinations of heuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GA) and experiential methods, such as case-based reasoning (CBR). A weakness in the GA is its reliance on limited mathematical models for estimating bit error rate, packet error rate, throughput, and signal-to-noise ratio. The CBR approach is similarly limited by its dependency on past experiences. Both methods have potential to suffer in environments not previously encountered. In contrast, the statistical methods identify performance estimation models based on exercising defined experimental designs. This represents an experiential decision-making process formed in the present rather than the past. There are three core contributions from this empirical framework: 1) it enables a new approach to decision making based on empirical estimation models of system performance, 2) it provides a systematic method for initializing cognitive engine configuration parameters, and 3) it facilitates deeper understanding of system behavior by quantifying parameter significance, and interaction effects. Ultimately, this understanding enables simplification of system models by identifying insignificant parameters. This dissertation defines an abstract framework that enables application of statistical approaches to cognitive radio systems regardless of its platform or application space. Specifically, it assesses factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to an over-the-air wireless radio link. Results are compared to a benchmark GA cognitive engine. The framework is then used for identifying software-defined radio initialization settings. Taguchi designs, a related statistical method, are implemented to identify initialization settings of a GA.<br>Ph. D.
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Uncu, Oya Nihan. "Optimization Of Bioethanol Production From Kitchen Waste." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611373/index.pdf.
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Kitchen waste, which is collected in large amounts from cafeterias, restaurants, dining halls, food processing plants, and household kitchens, have become a valuable material for bioprocess engineering. Due to the high carbohydrate fraction, kitchen waste has great potential to be used as a potential substrate for ethanol production. Utilization of it as a raw material in ethanol fermentation would also contribute to reduction of costs. In the first part of this study, the effect of pretreatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis on glucose production was evaluated. Dry baker&rsquo<br>s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was used in fermentation experiments conducted with and without fermentation medium at pH 4.5 and 30oC for 48 hours.
Close values of glucose concentration were obtained from no pretreated and hot water treated samples. The fermentation results indicated that ethanol can be produced at similar concentrations in bioreactors with and without fermentation medium addition (p ><br>0.05). Thus, it is concluded that use of kitchen wastes as is disposed and without fermentation medium in ethanol fermentation could lower the cost to a large extent.
In the second part of this study, the effects of solid load, which is proportional to the glucose concentration (10% to 20% (w/w)), inoculum level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5% to 15% (v/v)), and fermentation time (48 to 96 h) on production of bioethanol from kitchen waste were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three-factor Box Behnken design was used. Ethanol concentration was used as a response in the resulting experimental design. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine ethanol and glucose concentrations. The statistical analysis of the constructed model developed by RSM suggested that linear effects of solid load, inoculum level, and fermentation time and quadratic effects of inoculum level and fermentation time were all significant (p <<br>0.05) on bioethanol production. The model was verified by additional runs, which were not present in the design matrix. It was found that the constructed model could be used to determine successfully the bioethanol concentration with ><br>90% precision. An optimum ethanol concentration of 32.16 g/L was suggested by the model with 20% (w/w) solid load, 8.85% (v/v) inoculum level and 58.8 hours of fermentation. Further study is needed to evaluate the optimal fermentation conditions in a large scale fermentation
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Korkmaz, Nuriye. "Recombinant Therapeutic Protease Production By Bacillus Sp." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608656/index.pdf.
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The first aim of this study is the development of extracellular recombinant therapeutic protease streptokinase producing Bacillus sp., and the second aim is to determine fermentation characteristics for streptokinase production. In this context, the signal (pre-) DNA sequence of B.licheniformis (DSM1969) extracellular serine alkaline protease enzyme gene (subC: Acc. No. X03341) was ligated to 5&rsquo<br>end of the streptokinase gene (skc: Acc. No. S46536) by SOE (Gene Splicing by Overlap Extension) method through PCR. The resulting hybrid gene pre(subC)::skc was cloned into the pUC19 plasmid. Then, the hybrid gene was sub-cloned to pMK4 plasmid which is an E. coli-Bacillus shuttle vector with high copy number and high stability. Recombinant plasmid pMK4::pre(subC)::skc was finally transferred into B. subtilis (npr- apr-) and B. licheniformis 749/C (ATCC 25972) species. Streptokinase production capacities of these two recombinant Bacillus species were compared. The highest production was observed in recombinant B. lichenifomis 749/C (ATCC 25972) strain in a defined medium which was optimized in terms of carbon and nitrogen sources by a statistical approach, namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM evaluated the streptokinase concentration as the response and the medium components as the independent variables. The highest recombinant streptokinase concentration was found as 0.0237 kgm-3 at glucose and (NH4)2HPO4 concentrations of 4.530 and 4.838 kgm-3 respectively. The fermentation and oxygen transfer characteristics of the streptokinase production were investigated in a 3 dm3 pilot scale batch bioreactor (Braun CT2-2) equipped with temperature, pH, foam, air inlet and agitation rate controls having a working volume of VR=1.65 dm3 using the production medium optimized for the recombinant B. lichenifomis 749/C (ATCC 25972) strain. Streptokinase and &<br>#946<br>-lactamase activities, cell, glucose and organic acid concentrations, dissolved oxygen, pH, oxygen uptake rate, overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficient for oxygen, maintenance coefficient for oxygen, specific cell growth rate and yield coefficients were determined through the bioprocess. The bioprocess of recombinant streptokinase production was performed at uncontrolled pH of these bioreactor operation conditions: air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm, and the agitation rate of N=400min-1. The resulting streptokinase volumetric activity reached its maximum as 1.16 PUml-1 (0.0026 g/l streptokinase) at t=20 h.
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Silva, Wilson Souza da. "Modelagem e otimização de misturas ternárias de polipropileno (PP), borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e pó de pneu (SRT)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2786.
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O aumento nos rejeitos industriais e a contínua produção de resíduos causam muitas preocupações no âmbito ambiental. Neste contexto, o descarte de pneus usados tem se tornado
um grande problema por conta da pequena atenção que se dá à sua destinação final. Assim sendo, essa pesquisa propõe a produção de uma mistura polimérica com polipropileno (PP), a borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e o pó de pneu (SRT). A Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR), coleção de técnicas estatísticas e matemáticas úteis para
desenvolver, melhorar e optimizar processos, foi aplicada à investigação das misturas ternárias. Após o processamento adequado em extrusora de dupla rosca e a moldagem por
injeção, as propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e resistência ao impacto foram determinadas e utilizadas como variáveis resposta. Ao mesmo tempo, a microscopia
eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usada para a investigação da morfologia das diferentes misturas e melhor interpretação dos resultados. Com as ferramentas estatísticas específicas e
um número mínimo de experimentos foi possível o desenvolvimento de modelos de superfícies de resposta e a otimização das concentrações dos diferentes componentes da
mistura em função do desempenho mecânico e além disso com a modificação da granulometria conseguimos um aumento ainda mais significativo deste desempenho
mecânico.<br>The increase in industrial waste and solid waste production cause many concerns in the environment. In this context, the disposal of used tires has become a major problem because of the little attention given to their final destination. Therefore, this research proposes the production of a polymer blend of polypropylene (PP), rubber of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) and tire dust (SRT). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques useful for developing, improving and optimizing processes, was applied to the investigation of ternary mixtures. After proper processing on twin screw extrusion and injection molding, the mechanical properties of tensile and impact strength were determined and used as response variables. At the same time, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of different blends and better interpretation of results. With specific statistical tools and a minimum number of experiments it was possible to develop models of response surfaces and the optimization of the concentrations of different components of the mixture depending on the mechanical performance and even with the change in particle size could increase even more significant this mechanical performance.
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Jahirul, Md Islam. "Experimental and statistical investigation of Australian native plants for second-generation biodiesel production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83778/9/Jahirul_Islam_Thesis.pdf.
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This work explores the potential of Australian native plants as a source of second-generation biodiesel for internal combustion engines application. Biodiesels were evaluated from a number of non-edible oil seeds which are grow naturally in Queensland, Australia. The quality of the produced biodiesels has been investigated by several experimental and numerical methods. The research methodology and numerical model developed in this study can be used for a broad range of biodiesel feedstocks and for the future development of renewable native biodiesel in Australia.
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Ezeddini, Sonia. "Optimisation de l'usinage par le procédé d'électroérosion à fil des alliages de titane et des matériaux composites à base de titane appliqués à l'aéronautique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC105.
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L’usinage par électroérosion est un procédé d’enlèvement de matière par fusion, vaporisation et érosion, réservé aux matériaux conducteurs et semi-conducteurs.Il peut être utilisé pour usiner les métaux et alliages, les aciers trempés, les alliages céramiques, les carbures métalliques, certaines céramiques et même des matériaux plus durs tels que le diamant polycristallin. La pièce ainsi chauffée voit ses caractéristiques mécaniques chuter et modifier, ce qui augmente son usinabilité. Les travaux réalisés ont porté sur l'influence de l'usinage par électroérosion à fil sur; l'intégrité de surface, l'usinabilité, la productivité et la précision de procédé, de plusieurs matériaux, tels que, le titane pur, l'alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V, le composite intermétallique à base Ti-Al, le composite Ti17 et le composite Ti6242.En usinage par électro-érosion à fil, et plus précisément en finition, le procédé est caractérisé par un débit de matière, une largeur de kerf, un durcissement superficiel, une zone affectée thermiquement et un état de surface variant en fonction de plusieurs paramètres tels que, le courant de décharge, le temps d’impulsion, la tension d’amorçage, la vitesse de coupe, la pression d'injection de lubrifiant et la tension de fil.Toutefois, il s’agit d’une étude d’optimisation et de modélisation empirique des conditions de coupe des matériaux composites à base métallique et des alliages de titane, afin de maitriser et d'améliorer l'intégrité de surface usinée, d'augmenter la productivité et de perfectionner la précision du procédé. Par la suite, atteindre les exigences de la qualité et de la sûreté de fonctionnement des pièces aéronautiques.Dans cette étude, on a utilisé des méthodes de type Plan d'expériences, méthode de Taguchi et la Méthodologie des surfaces de réponses pour le calage et le contrôle des paramètres de l’usinage par électroérosion à fil, et ses conditions opératoires<br>EDM machining is a process for the removal of material by melting, spraying and erosion, which is reserved for conductive and semiconductor materials.It can be used for machining metals and alloys, hardened steels, ceramic alloys, metal carbides, some ceramics and even harder materials such as polycrystalline diamond. The heated part has its mechanical characteristics drop, which increases its machinability. The work carried out focused on the influence of WEDM machining on surface integrity, machinability, productivity and process precision, of several materials: pure titanium, Ti6Al4V alloy, composite intermetallicTi-Al based, Ti17 composite and Ti6242 composite.In ripping, and more precisely in finishing, the process is characterized by a flow of material,kerf width, surface hardening, heat affected zone and surface condition varying with discharge current, pulse time and voltage, cutting speed, lubricant injection pressure and wire tension.In fact, the machining conditions of metal-based composite materials and titanium alloys have been modeled and optimized to improve machined surface integrity, increase productivity, and improve process accuracy. Subsequently, meet the quality and safety requirements of aeronautical parts.Methods such as Experimental Design, Taguchi and Surface of Response were used for calibration and process control parameters and operating conditions
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Pickle, Stephanie M. "Semiparametric Techniques for Response Surface Methodology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28517.
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Many industrial statisticians employ the techniques of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to study and optimize products and processes. A second-order Taylor series approximation is commonly utilized to model the data; however, parametric models are not always adequate. In these situations, any degree of model misspecification may result in serious bias of the estimated response. Nonparametric methods have been suggested as an alternative as they can capture structure in the data that a misspecified parametric model cannot. Yet nonparametric fits may be highly variable especially in small sample settings which are common in RSM. Therefore, semiparametric regression techniques are proposed for use in the RSM setting. These methods will be applied to an elementary RSM problem as well as the robust parameter design problem.<br>Ph. D.
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Miller, Michael Chad. "Global Resource Management of Response Surface Methodology." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1621.
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Statistical research can be more difficult to plan than other kinds of projects, since the research must adapt as knowledge is gained. This dissertation establishes a formal language and methodology for designing experimental research strategies with limited resources. It is a mathematically rigorous extension of a sequential and adaptive form of statistical research called response surface methodology. It uses sponsor-given information, conditions, and resource constraints to decompose an overall project into individual stages. At each stage, a "parent" decision-maker determines what design of experimentation to do for its stage of research, and adapts to the feedback from that research's potential "children", each of whom deal with a different possible state of knowledge resulting from the experimentation of the "parent". The research of this dissertation extends the real-world rigor of the statistical field of design of experiments to develop an deterministic, adaptive algorithm that produces deterministically generated, reproducible, testable, defendable, adaptive, resource-constrained multi-stage experimental schedules without having to spend physical resource.
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Hata, Misako. "Non linear tolerance analysis by response surface methodology." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173897314.
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Gaston, Godfrey Jonathan. "IC optimisation using parallel processing and response surface methodology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16989.
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Simulation software has become an essential tool in the design and development of integrated circuits. The key to the rapid and efficient designs required in the competitive industry lies with the use of these simulators with statistical optimisation methods. This is necessary if companies are to survive in the aggressive IC marketplace. The linking of simulation and statistics not only results in rapid development times, but also in robust, highly manufacturable products. In this work an automated software system is presented where the benefits of simulation and statistical techniques can be readily made available. The efficiency of the system is increased further by utilising parallel processing techniques. Using one system built round the INMOS transputer and one using Intel 1860 processors, the time taken to obtain simulation results is greatly reduced. Two statistical methods are investigated, namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Taguchi analysis. In order to illustrate how these approaches can be utilised in the field of semiconductors, part of a 1.5 μm nMOS process is optimised in relation to some specified device parameters. A comparison is made between both techniques, with good agreement being obtained. Finally devices have also been fabricated using the same experimental design as for the RSM simulation analysis. This facilitated a verification of the simulation optimisation with reality. Both simulated and fabricated devices suggested the same improved optimised conditions when compared to the existing process parameters.
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Parikh, Harshal. "Reservoir characterization using experimental design and response surface methodology." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/480.
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Sulistiyono, Heri. "Rainfall-runoff model calibration using experimental designs and response surface methodology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ42452.pdf.
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Oliveira, José Benedito da Silva. "Combinação de técnicas de delineamento de experimentos e elementos finitos com a otimização via simulação Monte Carlo /." Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183380.
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Orientador: Aneirson Francisco da Silva<br>Resumo: A Estampagem a Frio é um processo de conformação plástica de chapas metálicas, que possibilita, por meio de ferramentas específicas, obter componentes com boas propriedades mecânicas, geometrias e espessuras variadas, diferentes especificações de materiais e com boa vantagem econômica. A multiplicidade destas variáveis gera a necessidade de utilização de técnicas estatísticas e de simulação numérica, que suportem a sua análise e adequada tomada de decisão na elaboração do projeto das ferramentas de conformação. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma empresa brasileira multinacional de grande porte que atua no setor de autopeças, em seu departamento de engenharia de projetos de ferramentas, com o propósito de reduzir o estiramento e a ocorrência de trincas em uma travessa de 6,8 [mm] de aço LNE 380. A metodologia proposta obtém os valores dos fatores de entrada e sua influência na variável resposta com o uso de técnicas de Delineamento de Experimentos (DOE) e simulação pelo método de Elementos Finitos (FE). Uma Função Empírica é desenvolvida a partir desses dados, com o uso da técnica de regressão, obtendo-se a variável resposta y (espessura na região crítica), em função dos fatores influentes xi do processo. Com a Otimização via Simulação Monte Carlo (OvSMC) insere-se a incerteza nos coeficientes desta Função Empírica, sendo esta a principal contribuição deste trabalho, pois é o que ocorre, por via de regra, na prática com problemas experimentais. Simulando-se por FE as ferram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Mestre
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Carter, William E. "Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation of a cycloheximide producing streptomycete." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221297.
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Many antibiotics are produced as secondary metabolites of Streptomyces species. Commercial production of an antibiotic involves the optimization of environmental parameters, genetic makeup, and medium. Selection of ingredients for both inoculum (seed) and fermentation (production) media must provide for economic production, and easy downstream processing of the compound. Antibiotics are produced as secondary shunt metabolites and represent products that are not essential for primary metabolism of the cell; therefore conditions for their optimal expression may or may not be associated with good growth of the organism. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistically designed experiments and analyses that directs the investigation of many factors and their interactions. This approach minimizes the number of trials required to identify critical factors and possible synergism between factors. In this research, an antifungal antibiotic produced by an unknown streptomycete collected from soil, was isolated, characterized and identified as cycloheximide. RSM was then used toformulate both a seed and production medium that optimizes cycloheximide biosynethesis. For the seed medium, RSM was used in a three step process: i) full factorial categorical screen of many factors, ii) Plackett-Burman two-level screen of promising factors, and iii) orthogonal central composite design of critical factors. Optimal 24 hour packed cell volume was found with a seed medium containing (g/L): 6.6g soluble starch, 23.4g yeast extract, and Mg K2HPO4. Additionally, the effects of inoculum age and passage on resulting cycloheximide production were studied. It was found that the negative effects of increasing inoculum age and passages on cycloheximide production could be mediated by the composition of the seed medium. For the production medium, RSM analysis of 29 ingredients suggests that an optimal production medium for cycloheximide biosynthesis should contain a combination of starch (40 g/L), corn gluten (17.8 g/L), MgSO4.7H2O (1.16 g/L), and NaCl (6.38 g/L). This final production medium resulted in a cycloheximide titer of 943 µg/ml, a 6-fold improvement in antibiotic production.<br>Department of Biology
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Nageshwaraniyergopalakrishnan, Saisrinivas. "Simulation-Based Robust Revenue Maximization Of Coal Mines Using Response Surface Methodology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555853.
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A robust simulation-based optimization approach is proposed for truck-shovel systems in surface coal mines to maximize the expected value of revenue obtained from loading customer trains. To this end, a large surface coal mine in North America is considered as case study. A data-driven modeling framework is developed and then applied to automatically generate a highly detailed simulation model of the mine in Arena. The framework comprises a formal information model based on Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is used to input mine structural as well as production information. Petri net-based model generation procedures are applied to automatically generate the simulation model based on the whole set of simulation inputs. Then, factors encountered in material handling operations that may affect the robustness of revenue are then classified into 1) controllable; and 2) uncontrollable categories. While controllable factors are trucks locked to routes, uncontrollable factors are inverses of summation over truck haul, and shovel loading and truck-dumping times for each route. Historical production data of the mine contained in a data warehouse is used to derive probability distributions for the uncontrollable factors. The data warehouse is implemented in Microsoft SQL, and contains snapshots of historical equipment statuses and production outputs taken at regular intervals in each shift of the mine. Response Surface Methodology is applied to derive an expression for the variance of revenue as a function of controllable and uncontrollable factors. More specifically, 1) first order and second order effects for controllable factors, 2) first order effects for uncontrollable factors, and 3) two factor interactions for controllable and uncontrollable factors are considered. Latin Hypercube Sampling method is applied for setting controllable factors and the means of uncontrollable factors. Also, Common Random Numbers method is applied to generate the sequence of pseudo-random numbers for uncontrollable factors in simulation experiments for variance reduction between different design points of the metamodel. The variance of the metamodel is validated using leave-one-out cross validation. It is later applied as an additional constraint to the mathematical formulation to maximize revenue in the simulation model using OptQuest. The decision variables in this formulation are truck locks only. Revenue is a function of the actual quality of coal delivered to each customer and their corresponding quality specifications for premiums and penalties. OptQuest is an optimization add-on for Arena that uses Tabu search and Scatter search algorithms to arrive at the optimal solution. The upper bound on the variance as a constraint is varied to obtain different sets of expected value as well as variance of optimal revenue. After comparison with results using OptQuest with random sampling and without variance expression of metamodel, it has been shown that the proposed approach can be applied to obtain the decision variable set that not only results in a higher expected value but also a narrower confidence interval for optimum revenue. According to the best of our knowledge, there are two major contributions from this research: 1) It is theoretically demonstrated using 2-point and orthonormal k-point response surfaces that Common Random Numbers reduces the error in estimation of variance of metamodel of simulation model. 2) A data-driven modeling and simulation framework has been proposed for automatically generating discrete-event simulation model of large surface coal mines to reduce modeling time, expenditure, as well as human errors associated with manual development.
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Balabanov, Vladimir Olegovich. "Development of Approximations for HSCT Wing Bending Material Weight using Response Surface Methodology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30730.
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A procedure for generating a customized weight
function for wing bending material weight of a High Speed Civil Transport
(HSCT) is described. The weight function
is based on HSCT configuration parameters. A response
surface methodology is used to fit a quadratic polynomial to data gathered
from a large number of structural optimizations.
To reduce the time of performing a large number of structural optimizations,
coarse-grained parallelization with a master-slave processor
assignment on an Intel Paragon computer is used.
The results of the structural optimization are noisy.
Noise reduction in the structural optimization results is discussed.
It is shown that the response surface filters out this noise.
A statistical design of experiments technique is used
to minimize the number of required structural optimizations and to maintain
accuracy. Simple analysis techniques
are used to find regions of the design space where reasonable HSCT designs
could occur, thus customizing the weight function to the design requirements of
the HSCT,
while the response surface itself is created employing detailed analysis
methods.
Analysis of variance is used to
reduce the number of polynomial terms in the response surface model function.
Linear and constant corrections based on a small number of high fidelity
results
are employed to improve the accuracy of the
response surface model.
Configuration optimization of the HSCT employing a customized weight function
is compared to the configuration optimization of the HSCT with
a general weight function.<br>Ph. D.
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Joshi, Shirish. "Simulation-optimization studies : under efficient stimulationstrategies, and a novel response surface methodology algorithm /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170545/.
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Chen, Lung Wei, and 陳龍威. "A study in Positioning Optimization of Medical Equipments Using Taguchi-Method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69079151382247182692.
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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系<br>102<br>Robotic arm already has been widely applied in industry, such as transportation, automatic assembly, combination and other highly complex and precise works or dangerous works which are not suitable for manpower. Many large medical centers utilize robotic arms which are operated by manual control and combine the surgical type of robot in the microscopic image display system. However, the motion trajectory has dynamic characteristics of nonlinear coupling during the multiple axes motion of robotic arm which makes uneasy to achieve the requirement of precise positioning. Therefore, the adjustment of controller parameters becomes the very important factor on the precision positioning.
In the manufacturing process, the precision is the essential factor need to be considered during product processing as particularly most critical important in the precision manufacturing of semi-conductors industry. However, accumulated or repetitive errors are existed under the long-term multiple-axes operation of robotic arm which may proceed to affect the precision of robotic arm to have a few errors that can lead to processing failure and result in the poor quality of product. Therefore, it becomes a widely concerning and sustaining explorative issue for how to improve the precision. However, the current way of precision improvement is mostly using the controller and adopts the visual sensor which is added on robotic arm to improve precision while the system cost is increased.
This study used the applying robotic arm to combine with XX-Y positioning platform. Firstly, we used Taguchi-Method to find out the significant affecting variables which can affect the positioning precision of robotic arm; and secondly, conducted the experiments to those key factors by the utilization of response surface experimental design to find out the most optimized parameters of key factors; and then, used the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPN) to execute the verification. Finally, we compared the results between the 3 methods of Taguchi-Method, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Backpropagation Neural Network (BPN) and compared the results mutually.
The results of this study indeed has enhanced the improvement of positioning precision and has shown the possible quality enhancement can be achieved by using Taguchi-Method to combine with Response Surface methodology (RSM).
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Seyedin, S. H., M. Ardjmand, A. A. Safekordi, S. Raygan, E. Zhalehrajabi, and Nejat Rahmanian. "Using response surface methodology to opitmize the operating parameters in a top-spray fluidized bed coating system." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13980.
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Yes<br>The fluidized bed coating system is a conventional process of particles coating in various industries. In this work, an experimental investigation was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the coating mass of particles in a top-spray fluidized bed coating. The design of experiments (DOEs) is a useful tool for controlling and optimization of products in industry. Thus, DOE was conducted using MINITAB software, version 16. This process used a sodium silicate solution for coating the sodium percarbonate particles. The effect of the fluidization air flow rate, atomization air flow rate and liquid flow rate on the coating mass in the top-spray fluidized bed coating was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the coating mass of particles is directly proportional to the liquid flow rate of the coating solution and inversely proportional to the air flow rate. It was demonstrated that the flow rate of the coating solution had the greatest influence on the coating efficiency.<br>Metallic Material Processing Research Group, ACECR, Branch of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen-Yang, Hsu, and 許震洋. "Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to submerged type MF membrane for treating high turbidity raw water." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90894667959970695725.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系碩士班<br>98<br>Due to steep slope, special geographical features, over-developed hillside, and improper soil water conservation of catchments area, events of high turbid water in drinking water supply are happen frequently during typhoon or rainy season, causing shortage for drinking water and industry water usage. To tackle the situation of high turbid water, a common practice in water treatment plants is to add an elevated dose of coagulant. However, a huge amount of sludge is produced and as a result skyrocketing cost has to be added for sludge handling.
This research is to evaluate the practicability of dealing with high turbidity water using submerged hollow-fiber microfiltration (MF) with factors such as Aeration, Coagulation, Relaxation Time, Bleeding and Turbidity being studied by Factorial Design. Based on critical flux result, the most significant factors are selected. Furthermore, the selected factors are use through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). At the end, seeking the optimum and making the graph is for researching possibility of lowering microfiltration block.
In this study, coagulant addition can enlarge size of particle size and such particle further makes a great sedimentation. However, adding extra coagulant is not able to raise critical flux result, 3 mg L-1 as Al is the best option in this study.
After adding a certain amount of coagulant and exercising under the condition of 5% bleeding ratio, 5000 NTU turbidity, 3 minute relaxation time and 5 L min-1 aeration, membrane gets critical flux, 112.97 LMH, which is predicted as the critical flux value through this model operation.
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Choudhury, Ajoy Kumar. "Investigation on electrochemical machining(ECM) for optimization of surface roughness using response surface methodolgy(RSM)." Thesis, 2011. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2411/1/THESIS_ON_ECM_BY_RSM.pdf.
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Electrochemical Machining (ECM) has established itself as one of the major alternatives to conventional methods of machining difficult - to - cut materials of and generating complex contours, without inducing residual stress and tool wear. This thesis is devoted to the study of influences of variable ECM parameters like applied voltage and feed rate keeping other parameters constant on the surface roughness (Ra) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).By using RSM method this thesis highlight features of the development of a comprehensive mathematical model for correlating the interactive and higher-order influences of various machining parameters on the dominant machining criteria, i.e. the surface roughness. Optimal combination of these two parameters is used in order to achieve minimisation of surface roughness for optimal accuracy of shape features. In the experiment, mild steel is used as specimen. Based on the Experimental result using RSM it is shown that minimum value of surface roughness can be obtained at the optimal combination of two parameters.
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Lima, Carolina. "Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the hybridization efficiency of a PNA probe targeting saccharomyces cerevisiae." Dissertação, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/76299.
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Lima, Carolina Maria Carvalho de. "Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the hybridization efficiency of a PNA probe targeting saccharomyces cerevisiae." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68522.
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Chen, Yu-Ting, and 陳妤亭. "Investigation of the effect of water quality composition on corrosivity of drinking water using response surface methodology（RSM）." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45315717602651168235.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系碩士班<br>99<br>Face-centered central composite design (FCD) model, a model that belongs to the response surface methodology (RSM), was used in this study to obtain the optimum operating conditions for less corrosion rate and less release of iron in the solution. Then, the best operation condition is found out through simultaneous optimization technique.
In the research, the ductile-iron of coupon is used for the bench-scale test, and the factors tested are pH (6.0-8.5), alkalinity (50-150 mg/L as CaCO3), chlorine (0.2-1.0 mg/L), phosphate inhibition (0-1 mg/L as P), contact time (2-10 days), temperature (6-38℃) and rotation (0-140 rpm). The selected range of the factors mentioned above is based on the literatures and the present drinking water standards of Taiwan.
According to fractional factorial design, the most significant factors affecting corrosion rate are temperature, rotation and alkalinity. On the other hand, pH, contact time and temperature are the main factors affecting the release of iron in the solution. Finally, pH, alkalinity and temperature are selected to build the corrosion models using response surface methodology. Based on the models, the combination of operation condition with less corrosivity in terms of weight loss of test coupon and release of iron in solution is at temperature of 6℃, pH of 8.5 and alkalinity of 50-130 mg/L.
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Lin, Yi-Jun, and 林怡君. "Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA) for the application of optimization and classification in chemistry." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78s927.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>化學系所<br>106<br>Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal components analysis (PCA) methods have been applied in research of different fields recently. The special aims of this thesis are the application of RSM for system optimization and PCA for material classification and quantification in chemical analysis.
The first part of the thesis is the optimization of analysis conditions for chromatography via response surface methodology (RSM). Methods of Experimental design including Taguchi, Central composite and Doehlert matrix design are applied to select important factors and construct the various elution systems for gel filtration chromatography (GFC) analysis of hyaluronic acid (HA).
The elution conditions for GFC measurements were performed with various ionic strength and buffer solution. The absolute molecular weights of commercial HA standards are obtained from Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS). Optimum elution condition was obtained by RSM with analysis of variance (ANOVA) to provide a reliable molecular-weight measurement for HA samples of different sizes.
Subsequently, two commercial HA solutions were examined with GFC under this optimum condition. The results were in good agreement with the absolute molecular weights obtained from Multi Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) or Small-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SALLS). In the final, the relative molecular weight of degraded hyaluronic acid (HA), prepared from the commercial high-molecular-weight HA via acidic digestion, was analyzed. The results were in good agreement with the absolute molecular weights obtained from Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
In the second part of the thesis, the possibility of quantitative analysis of substances via principal components analysis (PCA) is evaluated. Spectra of target compounds are constructed with various concentrations and noise levels. PCA method is applied to demonstrate the effects of the noise levels and peak intensities for quantitative analysis. These results exhibited not only the possibility of classification for various compounds, but also the potential of quantitative analysis for one substance. Finally, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is applied for bacteriological water analysis and quantitative analysis of bacteria in water is demonstrated.
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Lima, Carolina Maria Carvalho de. "Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the hybridization efficiency of a PNA probe targeting saccharomyces cerevisiae." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68522.
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Lin, Ko-Hsin, and 林可欣. "Systematic Approach to Optimization of CO2 Capture Using Steelmaking Slag via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28760598588526466220.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>環境工程學研究所<br>101<br>In this research, the experiments of mineral carbonation were conducted in an RPB and a slurry reactor using the BOFS provided by China Steel Corporation (CSC). The goal of this research is to combine the methods of response surface methodology and life cycle assessment to evaluate the systematic optimization. The RSM software and Design-expert 7.16 was used for experimental design of an RPB and a slurry reactor. The experiments of RPB, including the variables of temperature, rotating speed and reaction time, were designed by 3-level-3-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). In addition, the experiments of slurry reactor, including the variables of temperature and reaction time, were designed by 3-level-2-factor Full three-level factorial design. Then the carbonated products were analyzed by TGA. The CO2 capture capacity was input to Design-expert 7.1.6 in order to analyze an optimal response surface. The results of RSM showed that the highest conversions are 92.8% and 67% in the RPB and a slurry reactor, respectively. The software of LCA, Umberto 5.5, was used for 11 scenarios with database built-in, Ecoinvent 2.0, and the actual inventory data. The ReCiPe 2008 was selected as valuation system to determine the sensitivity factors by sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. The system optimization using an RPB combined of environmental impact and carbonation conversion is under these operating conditions : temperature of 65 ℃, reaction time of 30 min, particle size less 88 μm, CO2 gas flow rate is 2.5 L/min, which conversion is 92.84%. According to the analysis, the main sensitive factor for the systems is the energy consuming in the experiments.
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Chang, Kou-Min, and 鐘國銘. "Effect of the physical-chemical properties of chitosan-sodium alginate complex membrane via response surface methodology (RSM) and its application in the casing of the Chinses sausage." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75162265444844074011.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>91<br>Abstract
The aims of the study are to explore the effects of the molecular weight of chitosan, the concentration of sodium alginate solution and the pH of chitosan solution on the physical-chemical properties of the chitosan-sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complex (CS-AL PEC) and to establish the application conditions of the CS-AL PEC casing. The physical-chemical properties studied including the rehydration property, tensile stress, tensile strain and thermal property and the analyzation of the composite ratio of chitosan and sodium alginate in the PEC. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp (Solemocera prominenitis) processed waste, then the high degree of deacetylated chitosan was prepared by hot alkali deacetylation. The HCl degradation on chitosan prepared were used to get the same degree of deacetylation but different molecular weight chitosans. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to set the experimental design. The same degree of deacetylation but different molecular weight chitosans and sodium alginate were used to prepare the PEC. SAS statistics analysis package was used to regressing the data of the experiments and the results obtained were as following:
During hydrolysis of high degree of deacetylated chitosan (DD = 93%) by HCl (8N) at 55℃, changed in the degree of deacetylation was not significant. However the molecular weight decreased significantly over time. At the time, the molecular weight decreased to 1/10 of the original molecular weight, the rate of degradation became level off. It is because the activity energy of glucosidic bond of N-acetyl-glucosamine was lower.
The results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and RSM studies show that the properties of the CS-AL PEC affected by the molecular weight of chitosans, the concentration of sodium alginate solution and the pH of chitosan solution. The results show that (1) higher chitosan solution pHs used in the system, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate was mainly due to entanglement between chitosan and alginate molecules. On the other hand, lower chitosan solution pH, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate mainly via the ionic bond. (2) higher sodium alginate concentration used in the system, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate mainly via the ionic bond. On the other hand, lower sodium alginate solution, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate tended to be the entanglement of molecular chains. (3) lower molecular weight of chitosan in the system, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate tended to be the ionic bond. However, higher molecular weight of chitosans, the interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate tended to be the entanglement of molecular chains. It may be due to that the longer chain molecule facilitate the entanglement. However, the longer the molecular chain of chitosan, the higher the numbers of amino group have. The interaction of chitosan and sodium alginate will tend to be the ionic bond. Therefore, the interaction of the high molecular weight chitosan will be affected by the pH of chitosan solution and the concentration of sodium alginate solution in the system. The results show that the optimal molecular weight of chitosan is 150 ~ 160 kDa and the pH of chitosan solution and the concentration of sodium alginate solution depended on the conditions used.
The CS-AL PEC casing was more endured to be ruptured in deep frying treatment than gelatin casing. It maybe due to the junction zone was resistant to be destroyed in the frying treatment. During boiling, the gelation casing could sustain the original shape, but the CS-AL casing could not. It maybe due to the destruction of the junction zone and ionic bond by the permeation of water molecule and hydrolysis process. Therefore, the CS-AL casing was more suitable to be used in the frying treatment.
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Bejaoui, Ghada. "Development of a natural food colorant from Passiflora edulis Sims epicarp." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19871.
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Food industry is dedicated in the continuous improvement of products safety and quality, satisfying the consumer’s requirements. Thus, this sector has invested in the development of new solutions to decrease the amount of used artificial additives and whenever possible, replacing them by more innocuous natural counterparts. Colorants are one of the most important additives in terms of marketing, since their presence influences consumer’s perceptions, choices and preferences, interfering in market success or failure of food products. In this context, there are many fruits in which their bio-residue can be used to extract colorant ingredientes.
Passiflora edulis, known as passion fruit, is native from Brazil and much appreciated by the cosumers. The purple passion fruit variety (Passiflora edulis Sims) is the most common variety and is cultivated for juice and pulp production. However, the largest portion of the fruit is constituted by the epicarp, resulting in a high quantity of bio-waste production. This part of the fruit has a dark purple colour, being a rich source of pigmented compounds, namely anthocyanins, which could be used as a source of natural ingredients with colourant potential.
In this work, the extraction methodology of anthocyanins from passion fruit epicarp was optimized through a heat assisted extraction (HAE), by applying a response surface methodology combining different independent variables of the process. Furthermore, the bioactive properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities) of the optimized extract and also of the extract obtained by a conventional extraction method (maceration using 80:20 v/v of acidified ethanol/water at room temperature) were compared. The anthocyanins profile was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, using 520 nm as the preference wavelength and operating in positive mode. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of TBARS and OxHLIA methodologies; the antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and in fungi; and finally, the cytotoxic properties were studied in four human tumor cell lines: HeLa (cervical carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and NCI-H460 (lung carcinoma); and in a non-tumor cell line: PLP2 (primary culture of pig liver cells).
The HAE optimal conditions were established as t= 37.5 min, T= 20 ºC, S= 0 % (ethanol) using 50 g/L of solid/liquid ratio, conducting to an extraction yield of 37%, with a total anthocyanins’ content of 9.02 mg of anthocyanins (A) per g of extract (dried extracted residue-basis) and 3.35 mg of A per g of dried epicarp basis. Regarding the bioactive properties, the optimized extract rich in anthocyanin compounds was highlighted with higher antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential in comparison to the extract obtained by the conventional method.
Overall, this study has a great interest in the food sector, because it highlights the colorant and bioactive potential of this natural ingredient, while enhancing the valorization of a specific bio-residue, widely produced by the food sector.<br>A indústria alimentar tem se dedicado à melhoria contínua da segurança e qualidade dos produtos, satisfazendo os requisitos do consumidor. Assim, este setor tem investido no desenvolvimento de novas soluções para diminuir a quantidade de aditivos artificiais usados e, sempre que possível, substituí-los por equivalentes naturais mais inócuos. Os corantes são um dos aditivos mais importantes em termos de marketing, uma vez que a sua presença influencia as percepções, escolhas e preferências do consumidor, interferindo no sucesso ou no fracasso dos produtos alimetares no mercado. Neste contexto, existem muitos frutos cujos seus subprodutos podem ser utilizados para extrair ingredientes corantes.
Passiflora edulis, conhecida como maracujá, é nativa do Brasil e muito apreciada pelo cosumidor. A variedade de maracujá roxo (Passiflora edulis Sims) é a mais comum e é cultivada para produção de sumo e polpa. Contudo, a maior parte da fruta é constituída pelo epicarpo, resultando numa elevada quantidade de produção de bio-resíduos. Esta parte do fruto tem uma cor púrpura escura, sendo uma fonte rica em compostos corantes, nomeadamente antocianinas, sendo uma fonte de ingredientes com potencial corante.
Neste trabalho, a metodologia de extração de antocianinas a partir do epicarpo de maracujá foi otimizada através da extração assistida por calor (HAE), aplicando uma metodologia de superfície de resposta, combinando diferentes variáveis independentes do processo. Além disso, foram comparadas as propriedades bioativas (atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxicas) do extrato otimizado e também do extrato obtido pelo método de extração convencional (maceração usando 80:20 v/v de etanol/água acidificada, à temperatura ambiente). O perfil de antocianinas foi determinado por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, usando 520 nm como o comprimento de onda preferencial e operando em modo positivo. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada através das metodologias TBARS e OxHLIA; a atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada usando o método de microdiluição em bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, e em fungos; e, finalmente, a citotoxicidade foi estudada utilizando quatro linhas celulares tumorais humanas: HeLa (adenocarcinoma cervical), HepG2 (carcinoma hepatocelular), MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma de mama) e NCI-H460 (carcinoma de pulmão); e numa cultura de células não tumorais: PLP2 (cultura primária de células de fígado de porco). As condições ótimas de HAE foram estabelecidas com t = 37,5 min, T = 20 ºC, S = 0% (etanol) usando 50 g/L de razão sólido/líquido, conduzindo a um rendimento de extração de 37%, com um teor total de antocianinas de 9,02 mg de antocianinas (A) por g de extracto (resíduo-base de extrato seco) e 3,35 mg de A por g de resíduo (base de epicarpo seco). Quanto às propriedades bioativas, o extrato otimizado rico em compostos antociânicos destacou-se com alto potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano e citotóxico, comparativamente com extrato obtido pelo método convencional.
No geral, este estudo tem um grande interesse na área alimentar, pois destaca o potencial corante e bioativo de um ingrediente natural, ao mesmo tempo reforçando a valorização de um subproduto específico, amplamente produzido pelo setor alimentar.<br>Dupla diplomação com a Université Libre de Tunis
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Monteiro, Fábio Júlio Santos. "Valorization of waste cooking oils through conversion processes into biodiesel catalyzed by [HMIM][HSO4]." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/24724.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to fossil diesel, produced from vegetable oils, animal fats and residual oils. In the present work, the influence of the application of the ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [HMIM]HSO4 in the catalysis of transesterification/esterification reactions in a simulated acidic oil, obtained through the incorporation of oleic acid in a waste cooking oil, was studied at 65 °C. The effect of the selected parameters: reaction time (2 h, 4 h and 8 h), catalyst dosage (5 % wt, 10 % wt and 15 % wt), molar ratio oil: methanol (1:5, 1:15 and 1:20) and mass percentage of incorporation of oleic acid (20%, 40% and 60%) was studied using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) from an experimental design based on a Box-Behnken 34. Three responses were evaluated: the conversion in terms of reduction of the acidity of the simulated oil (R1), the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) mass content of the biodiesel produced (R2) and the yield in terms of mass of FAME obtained at the end of reaction in relation to the initial mass of the simulated oil (R3). In the analysis of the experimental results obtained, it is concluded that for all responses, the least relevant factor is the catalyst dosage, while the other factors are significant for the model. The most favorable reaction conditions for the conversion response in terms of acidity reduction correspond to a reaction time of 6 h, catalyst dosage of 5% wt, molar ratio oil/methanol 1:20, incorporation of 20% oleic acid, temperature of 65 ºC, with an average conversion of 76.70%. The most favorable reaction conditions for the FAME content and yield response are similar, corresponding to a reaction time of 6h, catalyst dosage 5% wt, oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:20, incorporation of 60% oleic acid and temperature of 65 ºC, with an average conversion of 42.52% and 37.70%, respectively.
Additionally, the recovery and reuse of the ionic liquid was studied in two reaction cycles, at the optimum conditions corresponding to FAME content and Yield, already mentioned. The reaction conversion in terms of acidity reduction, FAME content and Yield remained practically constant during the two cycles. In terms of acidity reduction, it was obtained for the first cycle, 69.81% and for the second cycle, 69.39%. FAME content of 42.44% was obtained for the first cycle and 42.60% for the second cycle. Finally, the yield in the first cycle was 35.91% and for the second, a value of 39.50% was obtained. The achieved results indicate that, for the selected operational conditions, IL promotes only the esterification reaction. Thus, the possibility of using this IL to treat oils with high acidity values is viable, and subsequently a transesterification reaction with basic catalysts can be carried out.<br>O biodiesel é uma alternativa renovável ao diesel fóssil, produzido através de óleos vegetais, gorduras animais e óleos residuais. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a influência da aplicação do líquido iónico 1-metilimidazólio hidrogenossulfato, [HMIM]HSO4, na catálise de reações de transesterificação/esterificação num óleo ácido simulado através da incorporação de ácido oleico num óleo alimentar usado. A influência dos parâmetros: tempo de reação (2 h, 4 h e 8 h), dosagem de catalisador (5 % m/m, 10 % m/m e 15 % m/m), razão molar óleo: metanol (1:5, 1:15 e 1:20) e percentagem mássica de incorporação de ácido oleico (20 %, 40 % e 60 %) foi estudada utilizando uma Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) a partir de um planeamento experimental baseado num Box-Behnken 34, mantendo uma temperatura de 65 °C. A conversão em termos de redução da acidez do óleo simulado (R1), o conteúdo mássico em FAME do biodiesel produzido (R2) e o rendimento em termos de massa de FAME obtido no final da reação em relação ao inicialmente presente no óleo simulado (R3) foram as três respostas estudadas. Na análise dos resultados experimentais obtidos, conclui-se que para todas as respostas, o fator menos relevante é a dosagem de catalisador, enquanto os outros fatores são significativos para o modelo. As condições reacionais mais favoráveis para a resposta conversão em termos de redução de acidez correspondem a um tempo de reação de 6 h, dosagem de catalisador de 5 % (m/m), razão molar óleo/metanol 1:20, incorporação de ácido oleico de 20 %, temperatura de 65 ºC, com uma conversão média de 76,70 %. As condições reacionais mais favoráveis para a resposta conteúdo em FAME e do rendimento são semelhantes, correspondendo a um tempo de reação de 6 h, dosagem catalisador 5 % (m/m), razão molar óleo/metanol de 1:20, incorporação de ácido oleico de 60 % e temperatura de 65 ºC, com uma conversão média de 42,52 % e 37,70 %, respetivamente.
Adicionalmente, a recuperação e reutilização do líquido iónico foi estudada em dois ciclos, para as condições dos pontos ótimos do FAME e do rendimento, já referidos. Obteve-se uma taxa de conversão em termos de redução de acidez, de FAME e de Rendimento, praticamente constante durante os dois ciclos. Em termos de redução de acidez obteve-se para o primeiro ciclo, 69,81 % e para o segundo 69,39 %, enquanto para o conteúdo em FAME, obteve-se para o primeiro 42,44 % e para o segundo 42,60 %, e para o rendimento no primeiro ciclo obteve-se 35,91 % e para o segundo 39,50 %. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, para as condições operacionais selecionadas, o IL promove apenas a reação de esterificação. Assim, pode ser considerada a possibilidade de usar esse IL para tratar óleos com alto valor de acidez, e posteriormente realizar uma reação de transesterificação com catalisadores básicos.
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Nalluri, Suresh Babu. "Statistical Design For Yield And Variability Optimization Of Analog Integrated Circuits." Thesis, 2004. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1198.
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Nalluri, Suresh Babu. "Statistical Design For Yield And Variability Optimization Of Analog Integrated Circuits." Thesis, 2004. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1198.
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de, Farias Lima Flávia. "Oilfield produced water treatment with electrocoagulation." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35508.
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Produced water is the largest waste product by volume in the oil industry and its treatment in onshore or offshore fields poses bigger and different challenges than what water engineers are used to encounter. Process to achieve reuse quality of this water is very expensive with many technical hurdles to overcome making the optimization of the treatment steps necessary.
Electrocoagulation (EC) generates coagulants in-situ responsible for destabilizing oil droplets, suspended particles, and common pollutant in produced water. Furthermore, EC is a very efficient technology compared with traditional primary treatments used in the oil & gas industry and has several advantages such as: no hazardous chemical handling (which diminishes the risk of accident and logistic costs), high efficiency potential concerning boron removal, potential small footprint and less sludge generation.
In this research, the treatment of produced water using EC was investigated in a practical manner for the oilfield to aim for a cleaner effluent for further processing and help to achieve a reuse quality. For this, an EC cell was designed using different parameters normally used in the literature to fit this scenario. After preliminary tests, the treatment time was set to 3 seconds. Response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the operating conditions for TOC removal on a broad quality of synthetic produced water while varying: salinity, initial oil concentration and initial pH. TOC was chosen to be the main response because of its importance in legislation and sensibility on the method.
Furthermore, turbidity removal, change of pH value after EC in water with lack of buffer capacity, aluminum concentration and preliminary tests involving boron removal and influence of hydrogen carbonate were also studied. Real produced water was treated with EC to assess the optimum conditions obtained by the RSM showing the results were closely related. Finally, an estimation of volume required and operating cost for EC in the different types of produced water was made to assess how realistic it is for onshore and offshore applications.:ERKLÄRUNG DES PROMOVENDEN I
ACKNOLEDGEMENT III
ABSTRACT V
TABLE OF CONTENT VII
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES X
LIST OF EQUATIONS XII
ABBREVIATIONS XIV
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PRODUCED WATER 6
2.1 Characterization of Oilfield Produced Water 6
2.2 Produced Water Management 10
2.2.1 Discharge and Regulations 10
2.2.2 Efforts on Reuse 11
2.2.3 Cost 14
3. PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT 17
3.1 Most Common Primary Treatment 17
3.1.1 Hydrocyclones 17
3.1.2 Flotation unit 18
3.2 Further Water Treatment Technologies 19
3.2.1 Membrane Process 19
3.2.1.1 Microfiltration 19
3.2.1.2 Ultrafiltration 21
3.2.1.3 Nanofiltration 23
3.2.1.4 Reverse Osmosis 24
3.2.1.5 Forward osmosis 24
3.2.2 Electrodialysis 25
3.2.3 Biological treatment 28
3.2.3.1 Aerobic and anaerobic process 28
3.2.3.2 Combining membrane and bio-reactor 29
3.2.4 Oxidative process 30
3.2.4.1 Oxidation process 30
3.2.4.2 Anodic oxidation 32
3.2.5 Thermal technology 34
3.2.5.1 Evaporation 34
3.2.5.2 Eutectic freeze crystallization 35
3.2.6 Adsorption and ion-exchange 36
3.3 Electrocoagulation 39
3.3.1 Colloidal Stability Theory 39
3.3.2 Theory of Electrocoagulation 40
3.3.3 Mechanism of Abatement of Impurities 44
3.3.4 Operational parameters and efficiency 49
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS 51
4.1 Analytical Techniques and Synthetic Solutions 51
4.1.1 Analytical Techniques 51
4.1.2 Synthetic Produced Water 51
4.2 Design of Experiment and Models 54
4.3 Experimental Protocol for EC 56 4
.4 Development of the new Electrocoagulation cell 57
4.5 Real Produced water 58
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59
5.1 Designing EC Cell Process 59
5.1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics for EC manufacturing 59
5.2 Preliminary Experiments 61
5.2.1 TOC Removal and Residence Time Determination 61
5.2.2 Aluminum Concentration 64
5.3 Models Quality and Range of Validity 66
5.3.1 TOC Removal 66
5.3.2 Turbidity Removal 69
5.3.3 Final pH value 71
5.3.4 Ionic Strength and Interpolation for Different Salinities 73
5.3.5 Partial Conclusions 76
5.4 Evolution of the Final pH Value 78
5.5 Operation Region for Effective Treatment of Produced Water with EC 80
5.5.1 Produced Water with Low Salinity 80
Organic Compounds Removal 80
Turbidity Removal 83
5.5.2 Produced Water with Medium Salinity 84 Organic Compounds Removal 84
Turbidity Removal 86
5.5.3 Produced Water with High Salinity 87
Organic Compounds Removal 87
5.6 Influence of Hydrogen Carbonate 90
5.7 Real Produced water 91
5.8 Boron Removal 93
5.9 Estimation of the Size for EC in Full scale 94
5.10 Produced Water with Very Low Salinity and EC 95
5.11 Estimation of Operation Cost 96
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 98
6.1 Conclusion 98
6.2 Recommendations for Future Work 101
Scale up on EC for upstream 101
Further processing and reuse 101
Online optimization for EC 101
Recommendations for any research related to upstream produced water 101
BIBLIOGRAPHY 102
APPENDIX A 117
APPENDIX B 120
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Schamburg, Jeffrey B. "A modified response surface methodology for knowledge discovery /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131400.
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HUANG, JUN-JIE, and 黃俊傑. "Optimization of bipolar devices using response surface methodology." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80168618939964591061.
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Lee, Shing-Cheng, and 李弦政. "Applications of Response Surface Methodology in Optimum Designs." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77443404783882378092.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>機械工程學系<br>87<br>In order to quickly obtain approximation results of structural analyses or experimental data, this research employs response surface method to replace finite element analyses and experiments. The optimum solutions of the design or experimental problems are sought using response surfaces for the objective and constraint functions. The response surface method is a statistical approach to create an approximate explicit function of design variables in a given design space. Therefore it is easy to compute the function values and sensitivities using response surfaces and the optimum solution can be obtained quickly.
The most important concern using response surface is to generate a response function with maximum accuracy while using minimum number of design points. To increase the accuracy of response surfaces, this thesis proposes two approaches to achieve the goal. One is to reduce the original design space to its half initially and then construct response surfaces in this reduced region to find optimum solution. After locating the optimum solution, a new design region centered on the found optimum solution is created and the final solution is searched in this new region. The other approach is similar to the previous one except the reduction of design space is made on each design variable by a given reduction ratio. The design or experimental points used to construct response surfaces are determined by central composite design. In addition to reduce the design space , the transformation of input and output data will also greatly improve the accuracy of the approximations. The input and output data are transformed by taking natural logarithm and power transformation, respectively. The step wise regression technique is finally used to select the most appropriate design variables in the model. DOT/DOC software is used to solve optimum design problems in this thesis.
Several examples including metal cutting experiments and structural designs are illustrated. The optimum solutions obtained by response surface are compared with known solutions.
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Yang, chao-yu, and 楊昭瑜. "Multi-response optimization of a new adsorbent using response surface methodology." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52259956950905342076.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系碩士班<br>98<br>Most adsorbents based on iron oxides are available as fine powders or are generated in-situ in aqueous suspension as hydroxide floc or gel, making separation of these adsorbents from treated liquid very difficult. Recently, several researchers have developed techniques for coating iron oxide onto the surface of substrates to overcome the problem of solid-liquid separation. However, the iron content on the coated substrates is very low. Instead of using coating techniques, in this study iron-rich chitosan-iron oxide composites were formed by mixing chitosan and ferric chloride solution with alkaline solution.
The shape, solubility of adsorbent and ratio of chitosan and iron oxides affect Arsenic (As(V)) removal efficiency. According to literatures, five factors, namely concentration of chitosan, Fe, and NaOH, height of the needle head, and the cross-linking reaction, might affect the formation of chitosan-iron oxide composites and As(V) removal efficiency were tested, and their significance were screened experimentally according to fractional factorial design. Subsequently, the selected influential variables (Fe and chitosan concentrations) were included in the regression models of Aspect ratio (%), Solubility of Fe (%), and As removal efficiency (%) which were determined by CCD and RSM. The formula for making ‘the best’ adsorbent was determined based on Derringer’s desirability function including Aspect ratio, Solubility of Fe, and As Removal efficiency.
Adsorption of arsenic (V) by adsorbent produced using ‘the best’ formula was studied at pH 7.0 under equilibrium and dynamic conditions. The monolayer adsorption capacity obtained from fitting experimental data with Langmuir model was 11.72 mg/g, and the time to reach equilibrium is about 5 hours, indicating a specific adsorption occurring between the arsenic species and the surface of the adsorbent. SEM analysis reveals that the surface of adsorbent was smooth.
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Lin, Chih-Chieh, and 林志杰. "Optimization of Organic Soymilk Pudding by Response Surface Methodology." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68184930600052659175.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系<br>95<br>Organic soymilk pudding is made from organic soymilk powder, κ-carrageenan, sucrose and water with ingredients similar to the commercial milk pudding. Both their unique textural characteristics are formed by the protein-polysaccharide mixture system.
The objective of this study is using the response surface methodology (RSM) to study the effects of varying concentrations of the organic soymilk powder and the κ-carrageenan on the quality of the pudding. The optimal formula is obtained from the analytical results of the physical properties and the consumer sensory evaluation of the organic soymilk pudding.
The results of the overall attribute from the hedonic test confirmed the RSM experimental results. The overall hedonic score is 5.2 among the total 7 scale. The optimal formula of the organic soymilk pudding is suggested that 6.5% ~ 7.5% organic soymilk powder and 0.15% ~ 0.20% κ-carrageenan. The optimal physical properties of the hardness, the cohesiveness are 450 ~ 600 g, 0.48 ~ 0.52, respectively.
The results indicate that the texture of the organic soymilk pudding is highly affected by the concentrations of the organic soymilk powder and the κ-carrageenan. The concentration of κ-carrageenan is relatively rare compared to the other ingredients in the organic soymilk pudding. However, κ-carrageenan plays an important role on the quality of the organic soymilk pudding.
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Wu, Pei-Ju, and 吳沛儒. "Response Surface Methodology Windows Application Based on Neural Networks." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53493272722338269922.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>資訊管理學系<br>95<br>Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an important quality design method. Traditional RSM commonly uses regression analysis to establish response surface model. But because regression analysis must hypothesize model structure, when hypothetic structure is not correct, it is unable to establish the precise model. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) does not have to hypothesize the model structure, and can establish precise non-linear model; therefore, this study employ ANN to construct response surface model instead of regression analysis. This study considered two kinds of problems: quality design problems and the mixture design problem, and compared the ANN approach with the regression analysis approach. This study examined more than 10 artificial numerical examples and real application examples to verify them, and finally demonstrated that when the response surface model is high non-linear and experimental data is plentiful, the ANN approach can build more precise model than the regression analysis, and it can establish precise model and obtain reliable model evaluation without increasing experimental data to employ cross-validation technique to build model instead of Train-and-Test technique, which may increase the usability of ANN approach.
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Chang, Hang-Ming, and 張鴻明. "Applications of Response Surface Methodology In Structural Optimum Designs." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33904100079318909181.
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碩士<br>華梵大學<br>工業管理學系碩士班<br>90<br>Structural optimizations often utilize finite element method and optimization software to achieve optimum designs. To reduce the number of repeated, time-consuming finite element analyses and hence hasten the design cycle, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed in the optimization process. A set of complicated and/or implicit functions may be simplified by polynomial equations describing approximate relationships between the design variables and the functional responses. An optimization problem can be simplified with the objective function and the constraints replaced by polynomials and then an approximate optimum solution can be sought.
The theoretical basis of RSM is a combination of experimental designs and regression analysis. A set of experimental or simulated data, based on an experimental design, is created and then analyzed using regression analysis to obtain the coefficients of the polynomial equations, which explicitly express the functional relation of the design variables and the response. The design of experiments usually adopts the central composite design or the face-centered central composite design to reduce the number of experiments required and to attain good statistical properties of the regression model. In order to achieve a better result and further accelerate the optimization process, design variables whose ranges are relatively large are transformed using the mathematical operation of natural logarithms and the design space is narrowed down gradually using move limits.
Several numerical examples are provided in this thesis to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. MATLAB and its toolboxes are utilized to perform all calculations and analyses needed in the examples.
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Huei, Lu Kuang, and 魯光輝. "Application of Response Surface Methodology in Chlorine Purification Optimization." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24275648179042670221.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>化學工程與材料工程系<br>99<br>Chlorine has a wide application in different industry. Industrial grade chlorine can be applied in additive for sterilization in water, the raw material of hydrochloric acid, bleaching powder and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), also used in solvent manufacture of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4), chloroform(CHCl3). There are also applied for plastic additive, anti-oxidant, fire resistant and pesticides after it reacts with phosphorous and phosphorus trichloride to be phosphorous acid dimethyl ester, phosphorous acid diethyl ester and so on. Electronic grade chlorine can be commonly used dry etching process and quality improvement of thermal oxidation layer due to goodness in reaction selectivity to silicone and silicon dioxide.
The process we studied is chlorine purification from industrial grade to electronic grade via unit operation in chemical engineering as adsorption, distillation section, removing impurity by separation from pure chlorine, to be products which be applied in semiconductor. The key performance we focused is distillation system to get good quality. Response surface methodology (RSM) is method for DOE, By factorial design and screen significant factors, accompany the result characteristic, to approach the optimize operation point on curvature surface via a series experiment .
The study we did is major in distillation system, the key process, execute a series test. Screen factors via factor design to decide the significant ones. Then run RSM, analyze data by statistic technique to build a reliable model. Finally, the study will try to figure out a optimize point through RSM model to get more stability in process and reach initial improvement purpose.
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Wang, Yu-Ming, and 王喻民. "The Analysis of Sawing Process by Response Surface Methodology." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wv26rk.
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碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>機械與機電工程研究所<br>98<br>In accordance with the need to cut off during the metal processing, band saw machine processing technology is one of the current trends in machine tool industry. However, during the sawing process, problems such as collapse gear, belt as well as low cutting rates may often happened because of the increase change of cutting force or the regenerative of chatter generation. In order to avoid these problems, first, by finding out the static and dynamic response of machine tool characteristics, then the experimental design followed by the response surface methodology can adjust the cutting parameters getting good results.
This paper can be divided into two parts. The first part focus on the static response test produced by the band saw machine. Observing the response from the case of static machine and analyzing the dynamic response of the band saw machine cutting caused by the impact. Then, analyzing the entire production process of chatter. It can be found that the experimental trends fit to the theoretical results. Chatters can be produced when it is high speed, small feed or slow speed, high feed.
When the chatters are generated, they not only cause the unstable affect to the cutting system, but also affect the cutting performance greatly. With the view to solving this phenomenon, try to adjust the cutting parameters so the cutting conditions can avoid the instability of the cutting area, and achieve to more stable cutting region. Moreover, considering the cutting wear resistance for the sawtooth effect, therefore, the second part of this paper is focus on the system for chatter suppression with an attempt to reduce the cutting force. The experiment of cutting and cutting force amplitude quantization, better use of response surface methodology the cutting conditions, and further discussion about the cutting force, cutting amplitude and the relationship between cutting parameters for the stability of domestic band saw sawing machine designed to provide optimal basis.
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Chen, Lijun Jay. "Integrated Robust Design Using Response Surface Methodology and Constrained Optimization." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4150.
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System design, parameter design, and tolerance design are the three stages of product or process development advocated by Genichi Taguchi. Parameter design, or robust parameter design (RPD), is the method to determine nominal parameter values of controllable variables such that the quality characteristics can meet the specifications and the variability transmitted from uncontrollable or noise variables is minimized for the process or product. Tolerance design is used to determine the best limits for the parameters to meet the variation and economical requirements of the design.
In this thesis, response surface methodology (RSM) and nonlinear programming methods are adopted to integrate the parameter and tolerance design. The joint optimization method that conducts parameter design and tolerance design simultaneously is more effective than the traditional sequential process. While Taguchi proposed the crossed array design, the combined array design approach is more flexible and efficient since it combines controllable factors, internal noise factors, and external noise factors in a single array design. A combined array design and the dual response surface method can provide detailed information of the process through process mean and process variance obtained from the response model. Among a variety of cuboidal designs and spherical designs, standard or modified central composite designs (CCD) or face-centered cube (FCC) designs are ideal for fitting second-order response surface models, which are widely applied in manufacturing processes. Box-Behnken design (BBD), mixed resolution design (MRD), and small composite design (SCD) are also discussed as alternatives. After modeling the system, nonlinear programming can be used to solve the constrained optimization problem. Dual RSM, mean square error (MSE) loss criterion, generalized linear model, and desirability function approach can be selected to work with quality loss function and production cost function to formulate the object function for optimization. This research also extends robust design and RSM from single response to the study of multiple responses.
It was shown that the RSM is superior to Taguchi approach and is a natural fit for robust design problems. Based on our study, we can conclude that dual RSM can work very well with ordinary least squares method or generalized linear model (GLM) to solve robust parameter design problems. In addition, desirability function approach is a good selection for multiple-response parameter design problems. It was confirmed that considering the internal noise factors (standard deviations of the control factors) will improve the regression model and have a more appropriate optimal solution. In addition, simulating the internal noise factors as control variables in the combined array design is an attractive alternative to the traditional method that models the internal noise factors as part of the noise variables.
The purpose of this research is to develop the framework for robust design and the strategies for RSM. The practical objective is to obtain the optimal parameters and tolerances of the design variables in a system with single or multiple quality characteristics, and thereby achieve the goal of improving the quality of products and processes in a cost effective manner. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology is appropriate for solving complex design problems in industry applications.
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Jen, Hsu-An, and 鄭旭安. "Optimum Design of Helicopter Rotor Blade by Response Surface Methodology." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21715930665472982362.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>航空太空工程學系碩士班<br>93<br>This study presents an application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for a helicopter rotor blade design through an unsteady wake dynamic and aerodynamic coupling system. The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal configuration of the blade which to minimize the power output and also maintain lift force in a mission. RSM is a method of constructing system behavior, approximate function based on results calculated at various points in the design space. Therefore, the computational time can be saved by using the approximate function to obtain the solution by optimum method.
The unsteady wake dynamic system is simulated by the Peters finite state inflow theory. The blade element theory and lifting-line theory are used to formulate the aerodynamic force for a blade. The technique of reducing the design space was used to achieve the best approximation efficiently. The chord length and twist angle will be implemented as design variables simultaneously. To ensure the relationship between design variables and responses, the advantage of RSM can be used in this study.
The optimum design and performance analysis of BELL UH-1H helicopter will be discussed in the numerical example. Finally, this study will compare those results with other references, which demonstrate the advantages and feasibility of the RSM and optimum method of helicopter structural design.
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楊志勇. "A study of structural optimum design by response surface methodology." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21390975457224587204.
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