Dissertations / Theses: 'Response time of probes'

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Brouckaert, Jean-François M. "Development of fast response aerodynamic probes for time-resolved measurements in turbomachines." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211406.

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Vikram, Deepti S. "Development of particulate-based EPR oximetry for regional, temporal, and rapid measurements in tissue." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1216337271.

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García, Villoria Alberto. "Exact and non-exact procedures for solving the response time variability problem (RTVP)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5961.

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Cuando se ha de compartir un recurso entre demandas (de productos, clientes, tareas, etc.) competitivas que requieren una atención regular, es importante programar el derecho al acceso del recurso de alguna forma justa de manera que cada producto, cliente o tarea reciba un acceso al recurso proporcional a su demanda relativa al total de las demandas competitivas. Este tipo de problemas de secuenciación pueden ser generalizados bajo el siguiente esquema. Dados n símbolos, cada uno con demanda di (i = 1,...,n), se ha de generar una secuencia justa o regular donde cada símbolo aparezca di veces. No existe una definición universal de justicia, ya que puede haber varias métricas razonables para medirla según el problema específico considerado.
En el Problema de Variabilidad en el Tiempo de Respuesta, o Response Time Variability Problem (RTVP) en inglés, la injusticia o irregularidad de una secuencia es medida como la suma, para todos los símbolos, de sus variabilidades en las distancias en que las copias de cada símbolo son secuenciados. Así, el objetivo del RTVP es encontrar la secuencia que minimice la variabilidad total. En otras palabras, el objetivo del RTVP es minimizar la variabilidad de los instantes en que los productos, clientes o trabajos reciben el recurso necesario.
Este problema aparece en una amplia variedad de situaciones de la vida real; entre otras, secuenciación en líneas de modelo-mixto bajo just-in-time (JIT), en asignación de recursos en sistemas computacionales multi-hilo como sistemas operativos, servidores de red y aplicaciones mutimedia, en el mantenimiento periódico de maquinaria, en la recolección de basura, en la programación de comerciales en televisión y en el diseño de rutas para agentes comerciales con múltiples visitas a un mismo cliente. En algunos de estos problemas la regularidad no es una propiedad deseable por sí misma, si no que ayuda a minimizar costes. De hecho, cuando los costes son proporcionales al cuadrado de las distancias, el problema de minimizar costes y el RTVP son equivalentes.
El RTVP es muy difícil de resolver (se ha demostrado que es NP-hard). El tamaño de las instancias del RTVP que pueden ser resueltas óptimamente con el mejor método exacto existente en la literatura tiene un límite práctico de 40 unidades. Por otro lado, los métodos no exactos propuestos en la literatura para resolver instancias mayores consisten en heurísticos simples que obtienen soluciones rápidamente, pero cuya calidad puede ser mejorada. Por tanto, los métodos de resolución existentes en la literatura son insuficientes.
El principal objetivo de esta tesis es mejorar la resolución del RTVP. Este objetivo se divide en los dos siguientes subobjetivos : 1) aumentar el tamaño de las instancias del RTVP que puedan ser resueltas de forma óptima en un tiempo de computación práctico, y 2) obtener de forma eficiente soluciones lo más cercanas a las óptimas para instancias mayores. Además, la tesis tiene los dos siguientes objetivos secundarios: a) investigar el uso de metaheurísticos bajo el esquema de los hiper-heurísticos, y b) diseñar un procedimiento sistemático y automático para fijar los valores adecuados a los parámetros de los algoritmos.
Se han desarrollado diversos métodos para alcanzar los objetivos anteriormente descritos. Para la resolución del RTVP se ha diseñado un método exacto basado en la técnica branch and bound y el tamaño de las instancias que pueden resolverse en un tiempo práctico se ha incrementado a 55 unidades. Para instancias mayores, se han diseñado métodos heurísticos, metaheurísticos e hiper-heurísticos, los cuales pueden obtener soluciones óptimas o casi óptimas rápidamente. Además, se ha propuesto un procedimiento sistemático y automático para tunear parámetros que aprovecha las ventajas de dos procedimientos existentes (el algoritmo Nelder & Mead y CALIBRA).
When a resource must be shared between competing demands (of products, clients, jobs, etc.) that require regular attention, it is important to schedule the access right to the resource in some fair manner so that each product, client or job receives a share of the resource that is proportional to its demand relative to the total of the competing demands. These types of sequencing problems can be generalized under the following scheme. Given n symbols, each one with demand di (i = 1,...,n), a fair or regular sequence must be built in which each symbol appears di times. There is not a universal definition of fairness, as several reasonable metrics to measure it can be defined according to the specific considered problem.
In the Response Time Variability Problem (RTVP), the unfairness or the irregularity of a sequence is measured by the sum, for all symbols, of their variabilities in the positions at which the copies of each symbol are sequenced. Thus, the objective of the RTVP is to find the sequence that minimises the total variability. In other words, the RTVP objective is to minimise the variability in the instants at which products, clients or jobs receive the necessary resource.
This problem appears in a broad range of real-world areas. Applications include sequencing of mixed-model assembly lines under just-in-time (JIT), resource allocation in computer multi-threaded systems such as operating systems, network servers and media-based applications, periodic machine maintenance, waste collection, scheduling commercial videotapes for television and designing of salespeople's routes with multiple visits, among others. In some of these problems the regularity is not a property desirable by itself, but it helps to minimise costs. In fact, when the costs are proportional to the square of the distances, the problem of minimising costs and the RTVP are equivalent.
The RTVP is very hard to be solved (it has been demonstrated that it is NP-hard). The size of the RTVP instances that can be solved optimally with the best exact method existing in the literature has a practical limit of 40 units. On the other hand, the non-exact methods proposed in the literature to solve larger instances are simple heuristics that obtains solutions quickly, but the quality of the obtained solutions can be improved. Thus, the solution methods existing in the literature are not enough to solve the RTVP.
The main objective of this thesis is to improve the resolution of the RTVP. This objective is split in the two following sub-objectives: 1) to increase the size of the RTVP instances that can be solved optimally in a practical computing time; and 2) to obtain efficiently near-optimal solutions for larger instances. Moreover, the thesis has the following two secondary objectives: a) to research the use of metaheuristics under the scheme of hyper-heuristics, and b) to design a systematic, hands-off procedure to set the suitable values of the algorithm parameters.
To achieve the aforementioned objectives, several procedures have been developed. To solve the RTVP an exact procedure based on the branch and bound technique has been designed and the size of the instances that can be solved in a practical time has been increased to 55 units. For larger instances, heuristic, heuristic, metaheuristic and hyper-heuristic procedures have been designed, which can obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions quickly. Moreover, a systematic, hands-off fine-tuning method that takes advantage of the two existing ones (Nelder & Mead algorithm and CALIBRA) has been proposed.

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Pounders, Justin Michael. "A coarse-mesh transport method for time-dependent reactor problems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39586.

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A new solution technique is derived for the time-dependent transport equation. This approach extends the steady-state coarse-mesh transport method that is based on global-local decompositions of large (i.e. full-core) neutron transport problems. The new method is based on polynomial expansions of the space, angle and time variables in a response-based formulation of the transport equation. The local problem (coarse mesh) solutions, which are entirely decoupled from each other, are characterized by space-, angle- and time-dependent response functions. These response functions are, in turn, used to couple an arbitrary sequence of local problems to form the solution of a much larger global problem. In the current work, the local problem (response function) computations are performed using the Monte Carlo method, while the global (coupling) problem is solved deterministically. The spatial coupling is performed by orthogonal polynomial expansions of the partial currents on the local problem surfaces, and similarly, the timedependent response of the system (i.e. the time-varying flux) is computed by convolving the time-dependent surface partial currents and time-dependent volumetric sources against pre-computed time-dependent response kernels.

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Christoforou, Zoi. "Incidence occurrence and response on urban freeways." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626573.

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Research on road safety has been of great interest to engineers and planners for decades. Regardless of modeling techniques, a serious factor of inaccuracy - in most past studies - has been data aggregation. Nowadays, most freeways are equipped with continuous surveillance systems making disaggregate traffic data readily available ; these have been used in few studies. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to capitalize highway traffic data collected on a real-time basis at the moment of accident occurrence in order to expand previous road safety work and to highlight potential further applications. To this end, we first examine the effects of various traffic parameters on type of road crash as well as on the injury level sustained by vehicle occupants involved in accidents, while controlling for environmental and geometric factors. Probit models are specified on 4-years of data from the A4-A86 highway section in the Ile-de -France region, France. Empirical findings indicate that crash type can almost exclusively be defined by the prevailing traffic conditions shortly before its occurrence. Increased traffic volume is found to have a consistently positive effect on severity, while speed has a differential effect on severity depending on flow conditions. We then establish a conceptual framework for incident management applications using real-time traffic data on urban freeways. We use dissertation previous findings to explore potential implications towards incident propensity detection and enhanced management

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Šafránek, Dominik. "Gaussian quantum metrology and space-time probes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37124/.

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In this thesis we focus on Gaussian quantum metrology in the phase-space formalism and its applications in quantum sensing and the estimation of space-time parameters. We derive new formulae for the optimal estimation of multiple parameters encoded into Gaussian states. We discuss the discontinuous behavior of the figure of merit -- the quantum Fisher information. Using derived expressions we devise a practical method of finding optimal probe states for the estimation of Gaussian channels and we illustrate this method on several examples. We show that the temperature of a probe state affects the estimation generically and always appears in the form of four multiplicative factors. We also discuss how well squeezed thermal states perform in the estimation of space-time parameters. Finally we study how the estimation precision changes when two parties exchanging a quantum state with the encoded parameter do not share a reference frame. We show that using a quantum reference frame could counter this effect.

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Bai, Yanhong. "Time resolved multiphoton excited fluorescence probes in model membranes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248737.

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Russ, Ricardo. "Service Level Achievments - Test Data for Optimal Service Selection." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50538.

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This bachelor’s thesis was written in the context of a joint research group, which developed a framework for finding and providing the best-fit web service for a user. The problem of the research group lays in testing their developed framework sufficiently. The framework can either be tested with test data produced by real web services which costs money or by generated test data based on a simulation of web service behavior. The second attempt has been developed within this scientific paper in the form of a test data generator. The generator simulates a web service request by defining internal services, whereas each service has an own internal graph which considers the structure of a service. A service can be atomic or can be compose of other services that are called in a specific manner (sequential, loop, conditional). The generation of the test data is done by randomly going through the services which result in variable response times, since the graph structure changes every time the system has been initialized. The implementation process displayed problems which have not been solved within the time frame. Those problems are displaying interesting challenges for the dynamical generation of random graphs. Those challenges should be targeted in further research.

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Ahmed, Eman. "PIEZOELECTRIC PROBES AND THEIR CAPACITY TO MONITOR TIME VARYING VISCOSITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2865.

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Real-time, bedside observation of patient clotting is essential in various surgeries in the operating room (OR), but specifically during cardiac surgeries. The objective of this thesis is to design and test a new piezoelectric device that can be used for viscoelasticity measurement with time as a Point of Care (POC) test. Slow turnaround times (TAT) of current methods to monitor blood viscoelastic changes in patients have led to excessive bleeding and the need for blood transfusions in many situations (Despotis et al, 1997). This study shows that the phase shift produced by a resonator sensor can be related to the viscosity of a liquid. By monitoring a phase shift between an actuator and sensor pair, a numeric relationship can be generated and suffice as a calibration curve for each probe. At a calculated error averaging a maximum of 2%, and coefficient of determination and correlation coefficient exceeding 0.95, two probes have been tested in various glycerin solutions and prepared for whole blood experimentation. They have also been tested in varying temperatures to simulate effectiveness in a dynamic environment, similar to that of clotting whole blood.

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Liu, Binzhang M. S. "Characterizing Web Response Time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36741.

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It is critical to understand WWW latency in order to design better HTTP protocols. In this study we characterize Web response time and examine the effects of proxy caching, network bandwidth, traffic load, persistent connections for a page, and periodicity. Based on studies with four workloads, we show that at least a quarter of the total elapsed time is spent on establishing TCP connections with HTTP/1.0. The distributions of connection time and elapsed time can be modeled using Pearson, Weibul, or Log-logistic distributions. We also characterize the effect of a user's network bandwidth on response time. Average connection time from a client via a 33.6 K modem is two times longer than that from a client via switched Ethernet. We estimate the elapsed time savings from using persistent connections for a page to vary from about a quarter to a half. Response times display strong daily and weekly patterns. This study finds that a proxy caching server is sensitive to traffic loads. Contrary to the typical thought about Web proxy caching, this study also finds that a single stand-alone squid proxy cache does not always reduce response time for our workloads. Implications of these results to future versions of the HTTP protocol and to Web application design also are discussed.
Master of Science

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Celebi, Emre. "MODELS OF EFFICIENT CONSUMER PRICING SCHEMES IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/811.

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Suppliers in competitive electricity markets regularly respond to prices that change hour by hour or even more frequently, but most consumers respond to price changes on a very different time scale, i. e. they observe and respond to changes in price as reflected on their monthly bills. This thesis examines mixed complementarity programming models of equilibrium that can bridge the speed of response gap between suppliers and consumers, yet adhere to the principle of marginal cost pricing of electricity. It develops a computable equilibrium model to estimate the time-of-use (TOU) prices that can be used in retail electricity markets. An optimization model for the supply side of the electricity market, combined with a price-responsive geometric distributed lagged demand function, computes the TOU prices that satisfy the equilibrium conditions. Monthly load duration curves are approximated and discretized in the context of the supplier's optimization model. The models are formulated and solved by the mixed complementarity problem approach. It is intended that the models will be useful (a) in the regular exercise of setting consumer prices (i. e. , TOU prices that reflect the marginal cost of electricity) by a regulatory body (e. g. , Ontario Energy Board) for jurisdictions (e. g. , Ontario) where consumers' prices are regulated, but suppliers offer into a competitive market, (b) for forecasting in markets without price regulation, but where consumers pay a weighted average of wholesale price, (c) in evaluation of the policies regarding time-of-use pricing compared to the single pricing, and (d) in assessment of the welfare changes due to the implementation of TOU prices.

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Vaughn, Chad Dean. "Light in response to time /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1212179576.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Committee/Advisors: Michael McInturf (Committee Chair), Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sep. 2, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Light. Includes bibliographical references.

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Stechly, Seivertson Tracie L. "Response time to batted balls." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1195.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).

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Andersson, Karl Robert. "Dose-response-time data analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100470/.

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The traditional approach to pharmacodynamic modelling relies on knowledge about the pharmacokinetics. A prerequisite for obtaining kinetic information is reliable exposure data. However, in several therapeutic areas, exposure data are unavailable including when the drug response precedes the systemic exposure (for example pulmonary drug administration) and when the drug is locally administered (for example ophthalmics). Dose-response-time (DRT) data analysis provides an alternative to exposure-driven pharmacodynamic modelling when exposure data are sparse or lacking. In DRT modelling, the response data are assumed to contain enough information about the drug kinetics, whereby a biophase model can be developed and act as the driver of the pharmacological response. The following work presents the fundamental principles of DRT modelling. This include the entire procedure of identifying a DRT model, encompassing the assessment of the biophase function and the pharmacodynamic model, extensions to cover population variations, identifiability analysis, parameter estimation, and model validation. To demonstrate the utility of the technique, two extensive pre-clinical DRT studies of the interaction between nicotinic acid (NiAc) and free fatty acids (FFA) are presented. The first study covered the response behaviour following intravenous and oral NiAc dosing in both normal (lean) and diseased (obese) rats. The second study extended the models of the first study to incorporate insulin as a driver of the FFA response. Moreover, data from chronic trials were analysed with the aim to quantitatively understand the adaptive behaviours associated with long-term NiAc treatments. The aim of this work is to answer the questions of when and how to use DRT data analysis, and what the limitations of the method are. The DRT models of the first study were successfully fitted to all response-time courses in lean rats, with high precision in the parameter estimates (relative standard errors (RSE) < 25%), visual predictive check (VPC) and individual plots that captured the population and subject trends, and "-shrinkages of less than 10%. The model for the obese rats were less precise, with specific parameters being practically non-identifiable (with, for example, RSE 250%). The results for both lean and obese rats were generally consistent with those of an exposure-driven reference model, albeit with less precision and accuracy in the parameter estimates. Finally, the model was able to describe non-linear biophase kinetics, present at high oral dosages of NiAc. The DRT models of the second study were able to capture the response-time courses for insulin and FFA on a population and individual level, and for both lean and obese rats. However, many parameters were uncertain (with RSE of, for example, 30-50%) and some were practically non-identifiable (with RSE of > 100%). The estimates were generally less precise and more inaccurate than those obtained in an exposure-driven reference model. Yet, most parameter estimates of the DRT models were within one standard deviation from those of the exposure-driven model. The final model was used to predict steady-state FFA exposures following repeated NiAc dosing for a range of different infusion protocols. The optimal dosing regimens consisted of infusions and wash-out periods were the wash-outs were 2h longer than the infusions. These predictions were consistent with those made by the exposure-driven model. Albeit, the DRT model predicted a slightly lower optimal reduction of FFA exposure. It is important to recognise that DRT analyses introduce bias and variability in the parameter estimates. To obtain reliable results, it is advisable to have rich pharmacodynamic data, covering drug administration at different routes, rates, and schedules. With these issues taken into account, the technique still performed well in the two extensive studies presented in this work. In conclusion, DRT data analysis is a modelling technique used in situations when exposure data are unavailable. The method is versatile and can describe a range of different pharmacological behaviours. Precision and accuracy is lost when comparing to an exposure driven pharmacodynamic modelling approach. Thus, DRT modelling is not to be considered as a replacement of the gold-standard pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework, but rather as a compliment when exposure data are unavailable.

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VAUGHN, CHAD DEAN. "Light: in response to time." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212179576.

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Guynes, Jan L. (Jan Lucille). "Impacts of Personality Type and Computer System Response Time on Anxiety and User Response Time." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330969/.

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The purpose of this research was to determine if personality type and system response time have any effect on state anxiety and user response time. The sample for this study consisted of senior and graduate level college students who possessed basic know 1 edge of a text editor. Each test subject was administered the Jenkins Activity Survey to determine scores for Type A versus Type B, speed and impatience, involvement, and competitiveness. The test subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (good, variable, and poor system response time). They were required to edit a text file which contained multiple errors. The test subjects were provided hard copies of the file with errors (errors highlighted) and the file as should appear without the errors. The test situation for each test subject was identical, except for changes in system response time. The A-state scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered to the test subjects immediately prior to the edit task in order to determine pre-task state anxiety levels. The A-state scale of the STAI was again administered immediately after the edit task in order to determine post-task state anxiety levels. Analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, regression, and two sample t-tests were used to analyze the data collected. All hypotheses were tested at the alpha .05 level. The most significant finding of this study was the positive relationship between state anxiety and system response time. It was originally predicted that the Type A personality would experience a greater increase in state anxiety than the Type B personality. However, that was not found to be true. Both Type A and Type B individuals experience an increase in state anxiety during periods of poor or variable system response time. This study also confirms prior research regarding user and system response time. There is a significant positive relationship between user response time and system response time. Personality type, specifically the Type A personality, contributes toward this relationship.

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Riahi, Reza. "Engineered Molecular Probes for Systematic Studies of Cellular Response in Collective Cell Migration." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312515.

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The investigation of complex biological processes, such as wound healing, cell migration, cancer cell invasion, and gene regulatory networks can be benefited tremendously by novel biosensing techniques with high stability and spatiotemporal resolution. In particular, molecular probes with qualities including high stability, sensitivity, and specificity are highly sought-after for long-term monitoring of gene expression in individual cells. Among different single-cell analysis techniques oligonucleotide optical probes is a promising detection method to monitor the dynamics of cellular responses. Herein, the design and optimization of double-stranded LNA probes are first investigated. With alternating DNA/LNA monomers for optimizing the stability and specificity, we show that the probe is highly stable in living cells and is capable of detecting changes in gene expression induced by external stimuli. Using dsLNA probes we then demonstrate the novel approaches to monitor the spatiotemporal gene expression response during cell injury. Our results also suggest a potential autoregulatory role of Nrf2 in injury induced EMT. We also show that the signaling level of dsLNA probe can serve as a molecular signature for the leader cells near the wound which allows us to track the behaviors of leader cells during collective cell migration. Finally multimodal GNR-LNA approach is proposed to map spatiotemporal gene expression profile and reveal dynamic characteristics of heat shock response in photothermal operations.

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Baker, Kimberly Kasey. "Topic Manipulation in Five Children with Language Impairment in Response to Topic Probes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6588.

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This study describes a series of case studies on topic management patterns of five children (ages 5 to 10 years) with language impairment. The children participated in semi-structured topic tasks that assessed conversational abilities on topics that were verbally introduced and topics that were introduced both verbally and with an object. Although there was considerable variability among participants, the children generally responded to most introductions by acknowledging and maintaining the topic. With the exception of one child, however, the children in this study demonstrated immature topic manipulation patterns that could be expected to have negative social ramifications.

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Thornton, Douglas Anthony. "Investigation of using radar augmented transit buses as arterial travel time probes." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243907350.

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Dyer, Joanne. "Designing infrared probes of DNA based on rhenium tricarbonyl DPPZ complexes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289455.

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McRorie, Margaret. "Response time and general mental ability." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483465.

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Wang, Haiying. "STUDIES OF LIQUID CRYSTAL RESPONSE TIME." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3541.

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In this dissertation, the response time issue of the liquid crystal (LC) devices is investigated in meeting the challenges for display and photonic applications. The correlation between the LC director response time and the optical response time is derived theoretically and confirmed experimentally. A major contribution of this thesis is that, based on the small angle approximation, we derive rigorous analytical solutions for correlating the LC director response time to its consequent optical response times (both rise and decay) of a vertical-aligned nematic LC cell. This work successfully fills the gap in the literature of LCD switching dynamics. An important effect related to response time, backflow is analyzed using a homogeneous LC cell in an infrared wavelength. The Leslie viscosity coefficients can hardly be found in the literature. A new effective approach to estimate the Leslie coefficients of LC mixtures based on MBBA data is proposed in this dissertation. Using this method, the Leslie coefficients of the LC material under study can be extracted based on its order parameters. The simulation results agree with the experimental data very well. This method provides a useful tool for analyzing the dynamic response including backflow. Cell gap is an important factor affecting the LC response time. Usually a thinner cell gap is chosen to achieve faster response time, since normally both rise and decay times are known to be proportional to d2. However, they are valid only in the region. In the large voltage region where , the optical decay time is independent of d. In this thesis, we find that between these two extremes the response time is basically linearly proportional to d. Our analytical derivation is validated by experimental results. Therefore, in the whole voltage region, the physical picture of the optical response time as a function of the cell gap is completed. This analysis is useful for understanding the grayscale switching behaviors of the LC phase modulators. In conclusion, this dissertation has solved some important issues related to LC optical response time and supplied valuable tools for scientists and engineers to numerically analyze the LC dynamics.
Ph.D.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering

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Rosengren, Robin. "CAN ANALYZATOR : Worst case response time." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38692.

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Murali, Sriram. "Response-time analysis and overload management in real-time systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40839.

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We provide two approaches to handling overload in shared resources offering realtime guarantees. We first provide a technique (based on mathematical optimization) for identifying the possible causes for an overload situation by computing the worst-case demand of the system, depending upon the amount of requests serviced. Worst-case analysis of response time has a pseudo-polynomial time complexity, and when there is no knowledge about the workload, the complexity further increases. We provide polynomial-time heuristics to reduce the computation time of the algorithm. Further, we evaluate it against other techniques using stochastic analysis to stress on the accuracy and ease of estimation of the result. The scheduling policy based on the approach is useful to detect an overload in the resource and to allow us to make responsible decisions on it. Secondly, we present a scheduling policy (obtained through stochastic approximation) to handle overload in real-time systems. Competitive analysis of online algorithms has commonly been applied to understand the behavior of real-time systems during overload conditions. While competitive analysis provides insight into the behavior of certain algorithms, it is hard to make inferences about the performance of those algorithms in practice. Similar on-line scheduling approaches tend to function differently in practice due to factors. Further, most work on handling overload in real-time systems does not consider using information regarding the distribution of arrival rates of jobs and execution times to make scheduling decisions. With some information about the workload, we aim to improve the revenue earned by the service provider, in a scenario when each successful job completion results in revenue accrual. We prove that the policy we outline does lead to increased revenue when compared to a class of scheduling policies that make static resource allocations to different service classes. We also use empirical evidence to underscore the fact that this policy performs better than a variety of other scheduling policies. The ideas presented can be applied to several soft real-time systems, specifically systems with multiple service classes.

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Antle, Chad L. "Soil moisture determination by frequency and time domain techniques." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177613443.

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Balmès, Irène. "Alternative probes in cosmology : gravitational lens time-delays & dark matter halo sparsity." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077245.

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Le but de cette thèse était l'étude de sondes de la cosmologie, en l'espèce les décalages temporels des lentilles et les profils de densité des halos. D'abord, nous utilisons des méthodes Bayesiennes pour tester les modèles de lentilles et sélectionner un sous-ensemble adapté à l'inférence des paramètres cosmologiques. Dans ce but, nous employons l'analyse des facteurs de Bayes sur des catalogues simulés. Nous sélectionnons un sous-ensemble de lentilles doubles pour lequel l'évidence favorise une description simple. Une analyse en vraisemblance retrouve alors la constante de Hubble à 3a. Sur les lentilles observées, nous obtenons trois lentilles favorisant un modèle simple. En faisant l'hypothèse d'une cosmologie ACDM plate, la vraisemblance combinée donne h = 0. 76+0. 15-0. 05. Les nouveaux relevés des grandes structures donneront accès à de plus grands ensembles de lentilles et cette méthode sera utile pour sélectionner des sous-ensembles homogène de lentilles. Ensuite, nous étudions l'empreinte de l'énergie noire sur le profil des halos en utilisant des simulations cosmologiques DEUSS. Nous étudions la qualité de l'ajustement à un profil NFW. La fraction de halos mal décrits par NFW varie avec la cosmologie, indiquant que l'accrétion de masse sur les halos non-relaxés porte une signature de l'énergie noire. Pour accéder à cette information indépendamment du profil NFW, nous introduisons une nouvelle quantité observable : la sparsité. Celle-ci est définie comme le ratio M200/MA. La sparsité moyenne est pratiquement indépendante de la masse du halo. Par ailleurs, la sparsité varie avec le modèle d'énergie noire sous-jacent, ce qui fournit un test alternatif de la cosmologie
The goal of this thesis was to study cosmological probes. We focused on time-delays in lenses and density profiles of halos. For the former, we use Bayesian methods to test strong lens models and select a subsample suitable for cosmological parameter inference. To this end we apply a Bayes factor analysis to synthetic catalogs of lense. With angular structure. We focus on double lenses. Through a likelihood analysis we recover the input value of HO to within 3sigma statistical uncertainty. We apply this methodology to observed double lenses and obtain three lenses in which a simple power-law model is favored. Assuming a flat ACDM cosmology, the combined likelihood data analysis of such systems gives h = 0. 76+0. 15-0. 05. The next generation of cosmic structure surveys will provide larger lens datasets and this method can be useful to select homogeneous lens subsamples adapted to unbiased cosmological parameter inference. In a second part we focus on the imprint of dark energy on the density profile of Dark Matter halos using cosmological N-body simulations from DEUSS. We first focus on the analysis of the chi-square of the NFW profile. The fraction of halos ill-fitted varies with cosmology, indicating that the mass assembly in unrelaxed halos carries a signature of dark energy. To access this information independently of the NFW profile, we introduce a new observable quantity: the sparsity. This is defined as the ratio of masses M200/MDelta. We find the average sparsity to be nearly independent of the total halo mass. Most importantly, we find that the sparsity varies significantly with the underlying dark energy model, thus providing an alternative cosmological test

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Shi, Zhenwu. "Non-worst-case response time analysis for real-time systems design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51827.

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A real-time system is a system such that the correctness of operations depends not only on the logical results, but also on the time at which these results are available. A fundamental problem in designing real-time systems is to analyze response time of operations, which is defined as the time elapsed from the moment when the operation is requested to the moment when the operation is completed. Response time analysis is challenging due to the complex dynamics among operations. A common technique is to study response time under worst-case scenario. However, using worst-case response time may lead to the conservative real-time system designs. To improve the real-time system design, we analyze the non-worst-case response time of operations and apply these results in the design process. The main contribution of this thesis includes mathematical modeling of real-time systems, calculation of non-worst-case response time, and improved real-time system design. We perform analysis and design on three common types of real-time systems as the real-time computing system, real-time communication network, and real-time energy management. For the real-time computing systems, our non-worst-response time analysis leads a necessary and sufficient online schedulability test and a measure of robustness of real-time systems. For the real-time communication network, our non-worst-response time analysis improves the performance for the model predictive control design based on the real-time communication network. For the real-time energy management, we use the non-worst-case response time to check whether the micro-grid can operate independently from the main grid.

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Zou, Qing. "Transparent Web caching with minimum response time." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65661.pdf.

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Moulton, Clay Robert. "Resonant Frequency: Artefacts in Response to Time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34838.

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This Industrial Design graduate thesis is a response to the discussion surrounding the question, How can Design move from Green to Good? Three artefacts have been designed. These artefacts respond to a context. Context, in this body of work, is time. Time as context is about knowing the before now, applying it to the now, to positively affect the after now. The artefacts respond to three distinct lifetimes: 5 minutes 45 seconds, 8 hours 45 minutes, and 10 years. The intent is to utilize a Natural system, time, in a manner beyond typical product life-cycle-analysis. Also included are a series of essays which investigate and comment on issues and insights encountered during the Design process of this thesis.
Master of Science

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Islam, Mohammad Mafijul. "Dose-Response Analysis for Time-Dependent Efficacy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467295354.

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Printzell, Dan. "Global Illumination for Dynamic Voxel Worlds using Surfels and Light Probes." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20096.

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Background. Getting realistic in 3D worlds has been a goal for the game industry since its creation. With the knowledge of how light works; computing a realistic looking image is possible. The problem is that it takes too much computational power for it to be to able render in real-time with an acceptable frame rate. In a paper Jendersie, Kuri and Grosch[8] and in a thesis by Kuri [9] they present a method of calculation light paths ahead-of-time, that will then be used at run-time to get realistic light. The problem with this is that only allows for static world. Objectives and Research questions. The objective of this thesis is to continue the work of the previously mentioned paper to allow the lighting system to be used for a dynamic voxel world. Where it will update the internal data structures when the world changes. Furthermore, this thesis will also answer how this lighting system is adapted for a voxel world, and additionally it will give suggestions of what can be done next. The questions this research will answer are: How can the creation algorithms of a Surfel and Light Cache GI system be optimized so it can be used in real-time while having interactive frame-rates? In what aspects does a voxel world, compared to a vertex world, influence the implementation of this GI system? Methods. The research questions will be answer by implementing the lighting system into a voxel engine and then optimizing it to allow it to be use at run-time with interactable frame-rates. Results. The result gather shows that a speedup of about 2.5 can be achieved by parallelizing the tasks into their own thread, and by allowing the lighting data to be a few frames behind. Conclusions. The experiment was successful and it shows that the lighting system can be optimized so it can be used at run-time. Additionally it explains how a voxel world influences the implementation of this lighting system. There is future work that can be done. For example, making a replication study where the algorithms are implemented into more engines to validate the results, exploring more optimization techniques, etc.

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Karunanidhi, Karthikeyan. "ARROS; distributed adaptive real-time network intrusion response." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1141074467.

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Lee, Sang Eun. "Voice : response to children's prime time TV programs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64095.pdf.

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Russo, Charles. "AVL AND RESPONSE TIME REDUCTION: IMAGE AND REALITY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2647.

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Automatic vehicle locator (AVL) systems, utilizing military's global positioning system, may impact response time to law enforcement calls for service. In order to evaluate the impacts of AVL on response time to calls for service at the Altamonte Springs Police Department (ASPD), computer aided dispatch (CAD) data from years 1999 to 2003 were analyzed. The analysis of each of the data sets consisted of an initial sequence chart, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), a means plot and a linear regression. Interviews of ASPD personnel were conducted to understand user perceptions of AVL. Based on the ANOVA results, trends indicate that weekly response time was significantly lower during the AVL partial implementation period than during the pre or post AVL stages across all categories of data analyzed. Based on the regression results, trends indicate that the overall impact of AVL on response time for all categories analyzed is flat and show AVL as having no overall impact on response time across all calls for service analyzed. An exception to this is the findings related to Priority 3 calls for service; however this exception can be attributed to performance during the pre AVL implementation stage. These results do not suggest a capability for AVL to reduce response time to calls for service in a meaningful comprehensive way. Thus, the study's hypotheses are not supported.
Ph.D.
Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs: Ph.D.

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Huffstetter, Stephen. "At this time Lakota grieving, a pastoral response /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Chen, Yiyang. "Semiparametric Bayesian model for response time distribution evaluation." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1542122266368176.

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Ali, Wajahat, and Asad Muhammad. "Response Time Effects on Quality of Security Experience." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4131.

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The recent decade has witnessed an enormous development in internet technology worldwide. Initially internet was designed for applications such as Electronic Mail and File Transfer. With technology evolving and becoming popular, people use internet for e-banking, e-shopping, social networking, e-gaming, voice and a lot of other applications. Most of the internet traffic is generated by activities of end users, when they request a specific webpage or web based application. The high demand for internet applications has driven service operators to provide reliable services to the end user and user satisfaction has now become a major challenge. Quality of Service is a measure of the performance of a particular service. Quality of Experience is a subjective measure of user’s perception of the overall performance of network. The high demand for internet usage in everyday life has got people concerned about security of information over web pages that require authentication. User perceived Quality of Security Experience depends on Quality of Experience and Response Time for web page authentication. Different factors such as jitter, packet loss, delay, network speed, supply chains and the type of security algorithm play a vital role in the response time for authentication. In this work we have tried to do qualitative and quantitative analysis of user perceived security and Quality of Experience with increasing and decreasing Response Times towards a web page authentication. We have tried to derive a relationship between Quality of Experience of security and Response Time.
Phone Numbers: (1) Wajahat Ali (+923349783252) (2) Asad Muhammad (+923455172792)

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Ryrstedt, Emmy. "Performance Testing and Response Time Validation of a Financial Real-Time Java Application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215330.

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System performance determines how fast a system can deliver its services when it is exposed to different loads. In Real-time computing the system performance is a critical aspect, since the usefulness or correctness of a response from a real-time system depends not only on the content of the response, but also on when it is delivered. If the response is delivered to fast or to slow it is considered an error and the system might go into a bad state, even if the value of the response actually is correct. Even though timing is a crucial aspect in real-time computing, it is hard to find any established methods on how to measure and evaluate the performance of a real-time system in terms of timing. This report strives to contribute to development in this research area by describing a project that investigates how to scientifically measure and report the timing performance of a financial real-time Java application. During the project a tool is implemented in a foreign exchange system, that can perform time measurements of different components in the system at application level. Experiments with variations of input values are constructed and executed to validate the system performance during different loads, by analyzing the measurements. The results from the experiments gives a ranking of how much various factors impacts the performance of the system, and shows how it is possible to find threshold values and bottlenecks by studying the value distributions and maximum values. The developed method can be used to compare the performance effects of different factors and to compare the system performance for different parameter values. The method shows to be a useful way to measure and validate the performance of a financial real-time Java application.
Systemprestandan bestämmer hur snabbt ett system kan leverera sina tjänster när det utsätts för olika belastningar. Vid realtidsberäkning är systemets prestanda en kritisk aspektav funktionaliteten, eftersom nyttan av ett svar från ett realtidssystem inte bara beror på svarets innehåll utan även när det levereras. Trots att timing är en viktig aspekt i realtidssystem är det svårt att hitta några etablerade metoder för hur man mäter och utvärderar prestandan hos ett realtidssystem när det gäller timing. Denna rapport strävar efter att bidra till utvecklingen inom detta forskningsområdegenom att beskriva ett projekt som undersöker hur man på ett vetenskapligt sätt kanmäta och rapportera tidsprestandan för en finansiell realtids Java-applikation. Under projektet implementeras ett verktyg i ett valutahandelssystem som på applikationsnivå utför tidsmätningar av olika komponenter i systemet. Experiment med variationer av inmatningsvärden konstrueras och exekveras för att validera systemets prestanda under olika belastningar, genom att analysera resultaten från tidsmätningarna. Resultaten från experimenten ger en rangordning av hur olika faktorer påverkar systemetsprestanda, och visar hur man kan hitta gränsvärden och flaskhalsar i systemet, genom att studera hur värdena var distribuerade och dess maximum värden. Den utvecklade metoden kan användas för att jämföra prestandaeffekterna av olika faktorer och för att jämföra systemets prestanda med olika parametervärden. Metoden visar sig vara ett användbart sätt att mäta och validera prestandan hos en finansiell realtids Java-applikation.

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Ibrahim, Bacha Faisal. "Requirements Engineering and Response Time : A study about the Requirements Engineering and the Response Time of a Highly Interactive Web-based Application." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84318.

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Low response time is an important factor for any interactive system. However, web-based applications suffer sometimes from bad response times. This fact is not always important but for services depending on a high degree of interactivity it can be severe. This thesis attempts to give an answer to the question whichi s the requirements engineering for best response time on a highly interactive Web-based application? The research approach is deductive based on a single-case study and using qualitative method. The case system is a web-based system that supports an experimental technique called Wizard-of-Oz. To tackle the research question an extensive review of literature on requirements engineering was made, and, for the case study itself, system requirements documents and interviews were included. The results include information about the specific requirements engineering process for the case system, response time, and quality attributes.The conclusion indicates the importance of response time requirements, hardware and software requirements, testing, but also a demonstration phase for desired interactive behaviour including response time. The latter is not previously identified as a major step in the general literature on requirements engineering but should definitively be noted by researchers and practitioner alike.

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McCune, Robert E. "Identification of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Transfer Function Models from Frequency Response Measurements." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1239731009.

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Riley, John D. "Evaluation of Travel Time Estimates Derived From Automatic Vehicle Identification Tags in San Antonio, TX." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33746.

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The purpose of this research is to examine several aspects of the San Antonio automated vehicle identification (AVI) system, including the reliability and accuracy of the AVI system, travel tag level of market penetration (LMP) trends, and a comparison of aggregated travel time values with probe vehicle travel time values. This thesis serves as a first step toward the modeling of AVI systems in which the effects of travel tag LMP, AVI reader density and AVI reader location are analyzed.

GPS units were first tested as a suitable benchmark for validating AVI reliability and accuracy. A two-part system reliability study was then performed, consisting of overall system reliability and a controlled evaluation of selected AVI reader sites. The accuracy of AVI travel times was also assessed. A LMP analysis was then performed to serve as a reference parameter for the aggregate travel time study. Lastly, the level of aggregation analysis attempted to quantify differences between the individual test vehicle travel times and aggregated travel times of all observed, tag-equipped vehicles.

Overall system reliability was found to be greater than 90%. The controlled reliability study showed that freeway AVI readers slightly outperformed arterial readers for correct tag capture, while total tag capture exceeded the system design parameter of 80%. Tag capture rates were found to be independent of test vehicle speed. The LMP of travel tags at a selected reader site was found to be approximately 0.5% from the morning through the evening peak. Lastly, 5-minute travel time aggregations provided a better estimate of individual test vehicle travel times than 2-minute or 15-minute aggregations.
Master of Science

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Romney, Patricia Jean. "The Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Fractioned Response Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1848.

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Objectives: Quantify the effects of cold water immersion of the ankle on fractioned response time of the dominant lower limb. Design and Setting: A 2x2x5x5 crossover design with repeated measures on time and treatment directed data collection. The independent variables were gender, treatment, time (pretreatment, and post 15 seconds, 3 minutes 6 minutes and 9 minutes) and trial (5 trials for each time group). Response time (Tresp), reaction time (Treac), trial and surface temperature were measurement variables. Subjects: Thirty-six subjects, 18 females and 18 males were recruited from a physically active volunteer college student population. Measurements: Fractioned response time was tested following a 20 minute treatment. Response time and Treac were recorded by the reaction timer, and Tmov was calculated by taking the difference between Tresp and Treac. For each time/subject the high and low Tresp were discarded and the middle three trials were averaged and used for statistical analysis. A 2x2x5 ANOVA was used to determine overall differences between gender, treatment and time followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests. Results: Males were faster than females for Tresp, Treac and Tmov. Movement time and Tresp were slower with cold water immersion, but Treac was unaffected. Movement time and Tresp were fastest pretreatment, and slowest during the post 15-second time group. Though both Tmov and Tresp progressively sped up from the post 15-second through the post 9-minute time group, they did not return to pretreatment values when data collection discontinued. Conclusions: Immersing the dominant ankle in cold water for 20 minutes increases Tmov of the dominant lower limb; thereby increasing fractioned response time (Tresp).

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Folds, D. (Dennis). "Response organization and time-sharing in dual-task performance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28616.

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Jang, Seongman Sarkar Tapan. "Exploiting early time scattering response using fractional Fourier transform." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Redell, Ola. "Response time analysis for implementation of distributed control systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Machine Design, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3504.

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Methods for performing response time analysis of real-timesystems are important, not only for their use in traditionalschedulability testing, but also for deriving bounds on outputtiming variations in control applications. Automatic controlsystems are inherently sensitive to variations in periodicityand end-to-end delays. Therefore, real-time performance needsto be considered during control design. For this purpose, anyreal-time analysis of a potential control implementation shouldproduce results that can easily be used to examine how theimplementation affects control performance. To find the maximumresponse time variation for a task, bounds on both minimum andmaximum response times are needed. A tight bound on thismaximum variation is useful in the analysis of controlperformance and can also be used to improve the results of someiterative response time analysis methods. In this thesis, threemethods for response time analysis are developed.

While earlier research has focused on bounding maximumresponse times, one of the analysis methods in this thesisallows a computation of the minimum response times ofindependent fixed priority scheduled tasks. The analysis findsthe largest lower bound of response times for such tasks, whichleads to a tighter bound on the response time variations. Asecond analysis method allows exact computation of maximumresponse times for tasks whose arrival times are related byoffsets. The method is a complement to schedule simulationbased analysis, which it outperforms for systems with tasksthat may experience release jitter.

A common design principle for distributed real-time systemsis to let the completion of one task trigger the start of oneor more successors. A third method supporting the analysis oftasks in such systems is described. The method extends andimproves earlier methods as it allows a generalized systemmodel and also results in tighter bounds than the originalmethods. This method has been implemented as part of a toolsetthat enables an integrated approach to the design and analysisof control systems and their implementation as distributedreal-time systems. As part of the thesis, models for describingdistributed control systems have been developed. The toolset,which is based on these models, uses the derived response timebounds in a control system performance analysis based onsimulation. The use of the toolset is exemplified in a smallcase study.

Keywords:real-time systems, scheduling, response time,fixed priority, control, jitter, offset, schedulabilityanalysis

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Chehab, Abdul Ghafar. "Time dependent response of pulled-in-place HDPE pipes." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1239.

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Ffolliott, Peter F. "Updating Hydrologic Time-Trend Response Functions of Fire Impacts." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296580.

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Henderson, Elizabeth. "Evaluation of the time response of pore pressure measurements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37743.

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Wang, Min. "Characteristics of item response time for standardized achievement assessments." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5674.

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Response time (RT) data are able to provide unique insight into both items and examinees regarding speededness and time-demand and should be incorporated into test development practice. To allow test developers to utilize RT information, item RT needs to be summarized into point estimate(PE)(s) that can be understood by content specialists and saved into the item pool. The recent expansion of online testing in K-12 achievement assessments brings opportunities and challenges for measurement experts to investigate and utilize RT information in a context different from that in the majority of literature, in which licensing and certification tests, graduate admission tests, and other applications that incorporate computer-adaptive testing. Using empirical data from four tests in two grade levels of a K-12 standardized achievement assessment, this study explored the empirical distributions of item RT and their fit to five probability distributions, the characteristics of four item RTPEs, and the relationships between item RTPEs and eight item attributes. Based on the principal findings across tests and grades, the empirical distributions of item RT presented widely variable shapes and did not fit any of the five proposed probability distributions; the 90th quantile showed its important capability of capturing and avoiding speededness issues; and the associations between item RTPEs and item attributes proved to be mixed. The generally idiosyncratic findings of this study call for a different perspective and approach to explore RT data and call for more empirical studies to enlighten test development practice in the K-12 standardized achievement assessment field.

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Lapovski, Cem, and Philip Ekholm. "Optimizing data retrieval response time using localized database services." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20666.

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Datahantering är en aspekt av systemlösningar som inte ska försummas. Svarstider är en lika viktig aspekt i den moderna onlinetjänsten. När molntjänster har nått en popularitet högre än någonsin är det viktigt att veta hur man använder dem effektivt för att kunna få bästa resultat. Kunden, Axis Communications, utvecklar för närvarande en IoT-plattform (Internet of Things) som tros leverera ytterligare mjukvarufunktionalitet och information i realtid till slutanvändaren. Ett moment i denna tjänst är händelsehantering och behandling. Detta kräver att händelser tas emot och bearbetas med hjälp av AWS-komponenter innan de skickas vidare. I denna rapport har vi jämfört prestandan mellan att berika en händelseström med information via externa tjänster och att berika samma händelseström via lokala tjänster. För att bestämma vilka lösningar som ger en snabbare responstid för vår klient, Axis Communications, har vi utvecklat en ny prototyp. Utvecklingsprocessen som vi har valt gör det möjligt att iterera och utvärdera prototypen under utvecklingsprocessen. Utvärderingen bör endast användas som riktlinje vid bedömning av händelsehanteringstjänster, eftersom antalet parametrar kan skilja sig och ge ändrade resultat. Resultaten visar att vår metod för denna lösningen presterade upp till 5,16 gånger bättre än den externa tjänsten. Molntjänsten presterade även bättre under hög belastning tack vare skalbarheten hos AWS Lambda.
Data processing is an aspect of system solutions which cannot be neglected. Response times is an equally important aspect in the modern online service. With cloud services reaching an all-time peak in popularity, it is important to know how to use them efficiently by providing the best results. The client, Axis Communications, is currently developing an IoT (Internet of Things) platform which is thought to deliver further software functionality and information in real-time to the end user. One of the elements of this service is event handling and processing. It requires events to be received and processed using AWS components before sending them through. In this thesis we aim to compare the performance between decorating an event stream using external services to decorating the same event stream with local services. In order to determine which of the solutions offer a better result for our client, we had to develop a new prototype of said solution. The process of development makes it possible to iterate and evaluate the prototype during the time of development. The evaluation should only be used as a guideline when considering event handling services as the number of parameters may differ and yield altered results. The results prove that our method for this solution had up to 5,16 times faster response time. The cloud-based solution also performed better when under heavy load by processing all of the requests simoultanously due to the scaling of AWS Lambda.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Response time of probes'

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