Journal articles: 'Responsos'

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Arnaldo, Duarte da Silva. "Responsos, lendas e rezas de Adeganha, Torre de Moncorvo." Revista Memória Rural 2, no. 2019 (2019): 146–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586083.

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A colheita, recolha filmada em dia de eleições legislativas de 2009, possibilitou este guardar de memórias das senhoras Maria Angélica Lages, com 88 anos, e Alzira da Graça Ramos de 80 anos. As duas amigas, atentas ao que se passava no largo da Lameira, Adeganha, desfiavam conversas caseiras, não faltando à liça o padre da paróquia. Atentas ao que as rodeava, alinhavam pequenos ditos graciosos quando por ali algum transeunte passava. Estes, aprendidos no meio familiar, eram aplicados nas várias vivências, alguns enquadradas na fé religiosa, a fazer lembrar as mulheres de virtude, ou, tão simplesmente, registos orais enquadrados nas temáticas das orações e versões dedicadas ao divino. As rezas, os responsos, as lendas e até as superstições, continuaram na memória das duas senhoras, desde tempos infantis, desafiando o tempo e as adaptações culturais, maioritariamente com a finalidade de se recorrerem em ocasiões de pequenos e até grandes problemas.

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Tomanari, Gerson Yukio. "Respostas de observação em pombos expostos a apresentações de comida independente de resposta." ACTA COMPORTAMENTALIA 18, no. 3 (2010): 301–16. https://doi.org/10.32870/ac.v18i3.24303.

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Pesquisas sobre respostas de observação convivem com divergências em relação ao estímulo discriminativo de menor probabilidade de reforçamento (S-), o qual, por vezes, pode ou não demonstrar funções reforça-doras condicionadas. Historicamente, estas divergências levaram autores a sugerir a existência de possíveis especifi cidades entre espécies quanto ao valor reforçador condicionado de S-, bem como a buscar modelos teóricos de reforçamento condicionado. Trata-se, sem dúvida, de uma área de pesquisa que acumula uma produção volumosa ao longo de mais de meio século, porém é marcadamente assistemática, especialmente em seus aspectos metodológicos. Isso difi culta, ou mesmo impede, comparações controladas entre resul-tados. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho reúne um conjunto de experimentos coletados em um processo sistemático de investigação em que pombos foram expostos ao procedimento em que comida era liberada independentemente do responder e respostas de observação produziam estímulos discriminativos de presen-ça ou ausência de alimento. A partir dos resultados relatados, não se mantém a hipótese acerca das diferen-ças entre espécies. Além disso, os achados não sustentam os modelos teóricos vigentes, ao menos quando tomados isoladamente. Aparentemente, é importante que se faça uma avaliação mais ampla das variáveis envolvidas nas respostas de observação que, eventualmente, venha até mesmo a integrar diferentes aspectos de posições teóricas distintas.

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Strader, Lucia C., Melanie Monroe-Augustus, Kristen C. Rogers, Grace L. Lin, and Bonnie Bartel. "Arabidopsis iba response5 Suppressors Separate Responses to Various Hormones." Genetics 180, no. 4 (2008): 2019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.091512.

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Yang, Yefeng, Chenghao Pan, Renhai Zhong, and Jinming Pan. "Artificial light and biological responses of broiler chickens: dose-response2." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 1 (2018): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skx044.

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Kerna, Nicholas A., ND Victor Carsrud Carsrud, Xuan Zhao, et al. "The Pathophysiology of Scoliosis Across the Spectrum of Human Physiological Systems." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, no. 2 (2024): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(2).07.

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Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can lead to various health issues, affecting mobility, respiratory function, and overall quality of life. There are several types of scoliosis, including idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, degenerative, and functional. The severity of scoliosis is measured by the degree of spinal curvature, typically expressed in degrees through a system known as the Cobb angle. Early detection and intervention are fundamental in managing scoliosis, as more severe forms may necessitate bracing or surgical intervention. Healthcare professionals must understand the different types of scoliosis and their unique characteristics to tailor appropriate treatment plans.Scoliosis can significantly impact various physiological systems, including the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, and respiratory systems. In the circulatory system, scoliosis can cause hemodynamic changes, impaired venous return, cardiac strain, and pulmonary complications. In the digestive system, scoliosis can lead to gastric displacement, impaired intra-abdominal pressure, gastroesophageal reflux, and nutritional implications. The endocrine system can be affected by scoliosis, leading to neuroendocrine dysregulation, growth hormone abnormalities, cortisol dysregulation, and impact on thyroid function. Scoliosis can also affect the integumentary system, leading to pressure ulcers, altered skin sensation, and hygiene challenges. In the lymphatic system, scoliosis can cause lymphatic obstruction, impaired immune response, altered inflammatory responses, fibrosis, and secondary lymphedema. Scoliosis can affect the muscular system, leading to muscle imbalance, myofascial pain, respiratory muscle weakness, and mobility issues. The nervous system can also be impacted by scoliosis, leading to neural compression, central nervous system impact, neurological dysfunction, and coordination challenges. In the respiratory system, scoliosis can cause thoracic deformities, reduced lung compliance, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, respiratory muscle weakness, increased work of breathing (WOB), and an increased risk of respiratory infections.Recognizing and addressing the interplay between scoliosis and these physiological systems is integral for healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care to individuals with scoliosis.Current research on scoliosis has made progress in diagnostic tools and techniques, including the use of imaging methods like MRI and X-ray, wearable sensors, and 3D reconstruction techniques for better evaluation of spinal motion and function, along with treatment strategies like Schroth exercises and braces, and management measures for respiratory and circulatory problems. However, there are limitations to current studies, such as the heterogeneity of scoliosis, compartmentalized approaches, limited longitudinal studies, reliance on retrospective data, and the need for standardized measures and diagnostic criteria. Future research prospects include advancements in genetic research, biomechanics, artificial intelligence and machine learning, longitudinal studies, non-invasive treatments, and multidisciplinary collaborations among researchers, clinicians, and technologists.

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Powers, Samantha K., and Lucia C. Strader. "Up in the air: Untethered Factors of Auxin Response." F1000Research 5 (February 3, 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7492.1.

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As a prominent regulator of plant growth and development, the hormone auxin plays an essential role in controlling cell division and expansion. Auxin-responsive gene transcription is mediated through the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) pathway. Roles for TIR1/AFB pathway components in auxin response are understood best, but additional factors implicated in auxin responses require more study. The function of these factors, including S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2A (SKP2A), SMALL AUXIN UP RNAs (SAURs), INDOLE 3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE5 (IBR5), and AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1), has remained largely obscure. Recent advances have begun to clarify roles for these factors in auxin response while also raising additional questions to be answered.

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S, Elizabeth Amudhini Stephen, and Seihenbal.G.S.S. "Optimizing the Formulation of SoyabeanPeanut Beverage of Chocolate-Flavored with Acceptable Rheological Properties." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 981–83. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5352.049420.

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This paper aims to evaluate the rheological properties for the preparation of chocolate flavored soybean-peanut beverage from the different combination of soybean, peanut and cocoa powder. A Box-Behnken design with three independent variables (soybean, peanuts and chocolate) and the dependent variables (acidity, brix and viscosity) produced 12 formulations. The optimized formulation determined from the data contained soy beans 40.76g/100g, peanuts 38.28g/100g and chocolate 5.66 g/100g. It was also observed that soy protein provides better result than soy flour and influence beverage characteristics.

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MUTO, Takayoshi, and Kenro TAKAHASHI. "Transient responses of fluid lines. (Step responess of single pipeline and series pipeline)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 462 (1985): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.528.

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Pruss, Alexander R. "One Body: Responses to Critics." Roczniki Filozoficzne 63, no. 3 (2015): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf.2015.63.3-12.

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Qadri, Idrisa H. "Distance Education- Challenges and Responses." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 6 (2012): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/june2014/16.

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11

Gitau, Rachel, Nicholas M. Fisk, Jeronima M. A. Teixeira, Alan Cameron, and Vivette Glover. "Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Stress Responses to Invasive Procedures Are Independent of Maternal Responses1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 1 (2001): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.1.7090.

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12

Euben, J. Peter. "Responses to Responses." Historically Speaking 6, no. 3 (2005): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2005.0010.

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13

Wahyumi, Maulidia, Wirdatul 'Aini, and Irmawita. "Tanggapan Warga Belajar terhadap Komunikasi Instruksional Instruktur Pelatihan Memasak Kue di SPNF SKB Kota Payakumbuh." Jurnal SPEKTRUM PLS 1, no. 1 (2018): 58–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1186421.

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This research is motivated by the success of entrepreneurship cooking skill. The purpose of this study was to describe the responses of learners to instructional communication of cooking instructor in cooking instruction in the explanation of learning materials, initial ability assessment, strategy setting, and feedback. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population in the study amounted to 15 people. The sample in this study is the total number of respondents. Data collection techniques used were interviews, while data collection tools used interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques using the formula percentage. The result of the research showed that the respondent's response to instructional instruction of instructor in (1) explanation of learning material of cooking cake training is categorized very good, (2) assessment of early ability of learners of cake cooking training categorized very good, (3) instructional strategy stipulation cake cooking training categorized very good, (4) feedback cooking cooking cake is categorized very well.

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Hayati, Misbah, Wirdatul 'Aini, and Irmawita. "Tanggapan Warga Belajar terhadap Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran oleh Instruktur pada Program Diklat Perhotelan di SPNF-SKB Kota Payakumbuh." Jurnal SPEKTRUM PLS 1, no. 1 (2018): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1186424.

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This research is based on the hospitality training process in SPNF-SKB Payakumbuh that good. This condition is suspected because it has something to do with the use of methods used by instructors. This study aims to describe the use of instructional methods by instructors according to studying citizens in hospitality training which include: (1) use of lecture methods, (2) use of demonstration methods, (3) use of training methods. This research includes quantitative descriptive research that describes the data as it is. The population is thirty-five people and the sample of twenty-three people is determined based on sampling technique that is stratified random sampling technique. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. Data analysis using percentage formula. From the result of the research, it can be seen that the responses of learners to the use of instructional methods of instructors can be good (1) the use of lecture method in hospitality training is categorized well, (2) use of demonstration method in hospitality training is categorized as good, (3) use of training method in hospitality training categorized good.

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Dai, Q., B. S. Vergara, A. Q. Chavez, and S. Peng. "Response of Rice Plants From Different Regions to Ultraviolet-B Radiation." International Rice Research Notes 19, no. 2 (1994): 15–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6823368.

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This article 'Response of Rice Plants From Different Regions to Ultraviolet-B Radiation' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

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Heong, K. L., Y. J. Guo, and A. A. Lazaro. "Comparing Parasitoid-Host Responses in Laboratory Experiments." International Rice Research Newsletter 16, no. 5 (1991): 23–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7218497.

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This article 'Comparing Parasitoid-Host Responses in Laboratory Experiments' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

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Lassana, Tioté. "Analysis of the morpho-physiological responses of four varieties of cowpea subjected to water deficit constraints under greenhouse conditions." International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 24, no. 5 (2024): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14006065.

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Cowpea, a vital legume in the tropics, plays a crucial role in the diet of millions of people. However, its yield remains significantly low due to water deficit stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of four cowpea varieties subjected to water deficit stress to establish their actual resistance capacities. Trials were conducted in a greenhouse at Nangui Abrogoua University, using three Fisher blocks in the experimental design. Water deficit conditions, at 25% field capacity (FC) and 12.5% FC (severe), were applied from seeding until the wilting of plants, in addition to a control condition (100% FC). Physiological (leaf moisture, leaf temperature) and morphological (number of branches, stem diameter, plant length) data were analyzed. The results showed that the highest leaf moisture rates were recorded at 12.5% FC for all varieties. Variety KVX745-11P recorded the highest leaf moisture rate (65.45%) and exhibited the lowest leaf temperatures, at 30.4°C. Leaf moisture rates increase as the degree of water deficit decreases, while leaf temperature increases as the degree of water deficit increases. The lowest numbers of branches, smallest stem diameters, and plant lengths were recorded at 12.5% FC for all varieties. It was concluded from this study that water deficit negatively impacted the physiology and morphological traits of the studied cowpea varieties. published by the  <strong>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</strong>

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18

Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony). "Universality of J-Shaped and U-Shaped Dose-Response Relations as Emergent Properties of Stochastic Transition Systems." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.0003.03.006.

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Dose-response data for many chemical carcinogens exhibit multiple apparent concentration thresholds. A relatively small increase in exposure concentration near such a threshold disproportionately increases incidence of a specific tumor type. Yet, many common mathematical models of carcinogenesis do not predict such threshold-like behavior when model parameters (e.g., describing cell transition rates) increase smoothly with dose, as often seems biologically plausible. For example, commonly used forms of both the traditional Armitage-Doll and multistage (MS) models of carcinogenesis and the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson (MVK) two-stage stochastic model of carcinogenesis typically yield smooth dose-response curves without sudden jumps or thresholds when exposure is assumed to increase cell transition rates in proportion to exposure concentration. This paper introduces a general mathematical modeling framework that includes the MVK and MS model families as special cases, but that shows how abrupt transitions in cancer hazard rates, considered as functions of exposure concentrations and durations, can emerge naturally in large cell populations even when the rates of cell-level events increase smoothly (e.g., proportionally) with concentration. In this framework, stochastic transitions of stem cells among successive events represent exposure-related damage. Cell proliferation, cell killing and apoptosis can occur at different stages. Key components include: An effective number of stem cells undergoing active cycling and hence vulnerable to stochastic transitions representing somatically heritable transformations. (These need not occur in any special linear order, as in the MS model.) A random time until the first malignant stem cell is formed. This is the first order-statistic, T = min{T1, T2, …, Tn} of n random variables, interpreted as the random times at which each of n initial stem cells or their progeny first become malignant. A random time for a normal stem cell to complete a full set of transformations converting it to a malignant one. This is interpreted very generally as the first passage time through a network of stochastic transitions, possibly with very many possible paths and unknown topology. In this very general family of models, threshold-like (J-shaped or multi-threshold) dose-response nonlinearities naturally emerge even without cytotoxicity, as consequences of stochastic phase transition laws for traversals of random transition networks. With cytotoxicity present, U-shaped as well as J-shaped dose-response curves can emerge. These results are universal, i.e., independent of specific biological details represented by the stochastic transition networks.

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Walker, Nigel J., and Jae-Ho Yang. "Complexities in Understanding the Nature of the Dose-Response for Dioxins and Related Compounds." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.001.

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Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. "Neurotoxicity of Persistent Organic Pollutants: Possible Mode(S) of Action and Further Considerations." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.002.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are long-lived toxic organic compounds and are of major concern for human and ecosystem health. Although the use of most POPs is banned in most countries, some organochlorine pesticides are still being used in several parts of the world. Although environmental levels of some POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have declined, newly emerging POPs such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been increasing considerably. Exposure to POPs has been associated with a wide spectrum of effects including reproductive, developmental, immunologic, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic effects. It is of particular concern that neurotoxic effects of some POPs have been observed in humans at low environmental concentrations. This review focuses on PCBs as a representative chemical class of POPs and discusses the possible mode(s) of action for the neurotoxic effects with emphasis on comparing dose-response and structure-activity relationships (SAR) with other structurally related chemicals. There is sufficient epidemiological and experimental evidence showing that PCB exposure is associated with motor and cognitive deficits in humans and animal models. Although several potential mode(s) of actions were postulated for PCB-induced neurotoxic effects, changes in neurotransmitter systems, altered intracellular signalling processes, and thyroid hormone imbalance are predominant ones. These three potential mechanisms are discussed in detail in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SAR was conducted on other structurally similar chemicals to see if they have a common mode(s) of action. Relative potency factors for several of these POPs were calculated based on their effects on intracellular signalling processes. This is a comprehensive review comparing molecular effects at the cellular level to the neurotoxic effects seen in the whole animal for environmentally relevant POPs.

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Reichard, John F., Timothy P. Dalton, Howard G. Shertzer, and Alvaro Puga. "Induction of Oxidative Stress Responses by Dioxin and other Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.003.

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TCDD and other polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) have been classically considered as non-genotoxic compounds because they fail to be directly mutagenic in either bacteria or most in vitro assay systems. They do so in spite of having repeatedly been linked to oxidative stress and to mutagenic and carcinogenic outcomes. Oxidative stress, on the other hand, has been used as a marker for the toxicity of dioxin and its congeners. We have focused this review on the connection between oxidative stress induction and the toxic effects of fetal and adult dioxin exposure, with emphasis on the large species difference in sensitivity to this agent. We examine the roles that the dioxin-inducible cytochromes P450s play in the cellular and toxicological consequences of dioxin exposure with emphasis on oxidative stress involvement. Many components of the health consequences resulting from dioxin exposure may be attributable to epigenetic mechanisms arising from prolonged reactive oxygen generation.

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Tuomisto, Jouko, Juha Pekkanen, Hannu Kiviranta, et al. "Dioxin Cancer Risk — Example of Hormesis?" Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.004.

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A recent case-control study implied an inverse correlation between the measured body burden of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/F) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma in normal population exposed to dioxins mainly via food. The surprising result could not be explained by biases or confounding. There is no a priori confounding by occupational chemicals in a random sample from general population, but exposures to other lipid soluble chemicals with similar sources might be expected to associate with that of dioxins. One such group is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Therefore three most relevant dioxin-like PCB compounds PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were now analyzed from the same patients. Cases were 110 soft-tissue sarcoma patients undergoing surgery for their disease, and referents were 227 patients operated for appendicitis. Dioxin and PCB concentrations were analyzed from subcutaneous fat samples by high-resolution gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and TCDD equivalent concentrations (WHO-TEq) were calculated by using toxicity equivalency factors of WHO. The highest risk of sarcoma was found in the septile with the lowest body burden of sum WHO-TEq, and the differences of septiles 2 and 6 from septile 1 were statistically significant. If soft sarcoma risk is true at high occupational levels of dioxins, the provocative result suggests that a possibility of a J-shaped dose-response curve should be taken into consideration and studied further. This is also supported by the similar J-shaped dose responses in animal studies.

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Peddada, Shyamal D., and Joseph K. Haseman. "Analysis of Nonlinear Regression Models: A Cautionary Note." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.005.

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Regression models are routinely used in many applied sciences for describing the relationship between a response variable and an independent variable. Statistical inferences on the regression parameters are often performed using the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE). In the case of nonlinear models the standard errors of MLE are often obtained by linearizing the nonlinear function around the true parameter and by appealing to large sample theory. In this article we demonstrate, through computer simulations, that the resulting asymptotic Wald confidence intervals cannot be trusted to achieve the desired confidence levels. Sometimes they could underestimate the true nominal level and are thus liberal. Hence one needs to be cautious in using the usual linearized standard errors of MLE and the associated confidence intervals.

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Cohen, Bernard L. "Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory: Rationale for Procedures." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.007.

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A tightly reasoned justification is presented for the procedures used in our test of the linear-no threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis by comparing lung cancer rates with average radon exposure in U.S. counties. A key point is its dependence on ecological variables rather than on characteristics of individuals and the principal problems involve treatment of potential confounding factors (CF). The method of stratification is introduced and shown to be preferable to multiple regression for evaluating effects of confounding. Utilizing numerous available CF reduces the problem of representing a complex confounding relationship by the average value of a single CF. The requirements on a CF for affecting the results are quantified in terms of its correlations with lung cancer rates and radon levels and it is shown that the existence of an unknown confounder satisfying these requirements is highly implausible. Effects of combinations of confounding factors are treated and shown not to be important. The problem of confounding factors on the level of individuals is resolved. Consideration of plausibility of correlations is used in several applications, including treatments of uncertainty in smoking prevalence, within county differences in radon exposure between smokers and non-smokers, variations in intensity of smoking, differences between measured radon levels and actual exposures, etc. Examples are presented for all applications. The differences between our study and case-control studies, and the advantages of each for testing the linear-no threshold theory, are discussed.

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Kim, Chinpal, Sara Layman, Dorothy M. Morré, and D. James Morré. "Structural Changes Revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopic Analyses Underlie tNOX Periodic Oscillations." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.008.

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A recurring pattern of spectral changes indicative of periodic changes in the proportion of β-structure and a-helix of a recombinant ECTO-NOX fusion protein of tNOX, with a cellulose binding domain peptide, was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses. The pattern of structural changes correlated with oscillatory patterns of enzymatic activities exhibited by the protein previously interpreted as indicative of a clock function. The pattern consisted of a repeating pattern of oscillations with a period length of 21 min with five maxima (two separated by 5 min and 3 separated by 4 to 4.5 min) within each 21 min repeat. Oscillatory patterns were not obvious in comparable FTIR or CD spectra of albumin, ribonuclease or concanavalin A. The period length was constant at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45° C (temperature compensated) and oscillations occurred independently of substrate presence. Spectra obtained in deuterium oxide yielded a longer period length of 26 min both for oscillations in enzymatic activity and absorbance ratios determined by FTIR. Taken together the findings suggest that the regular patterns of oscillations exhibited by the ECTO-NOX proteins are accompanied by recurrent global changes in the conformation of the protein backbone that directly modulate enzymatic activity.

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Dudekula, Noor, Vikas Arora, Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh, and Richard A. Bond. "The Temporal Hormesis of Drug Therapies." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.009.

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Recent publications in the field of asthma therapeutics and studies performed over the last decade in the treatment of chronic heart failure suggest a phenomenon called ‘temporal hormesis’. This phenomenon can be defined as the beneficial action of drug after chronic administration as opposed to its detrimental acute effects. Temporal hormesis may be related to the classification of the drug molecule as an agonist, antagonist or an inverse agonist. This phenomenon may be a more general principal applicable in the treatment of other diseases apart from asthma and chronic heart failure.

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Day, Regina M., and Yuichiro J. Suzuki. "Cell Proliferation, Reactive Oxygen and Cellular Glutathione." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.010.

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A variety of cellular activities, including metabolism, growth, and death, are regulated and modulated by the redox status of the environment. A biphasic effect has been demonstrated on cellular proliferation with reactive oxygen species (ROS)—especially hydrogen peroxide and superoxide—in which low levels (usually submicromolar concentrations) induce growth but higher concentrations (usually >10–30 micromolar) induce apoptosis or necrosis. This phenomenon has been demonstrated for primary, immortalized and transformed cell types. However, the mechanism of the proliferative response to low levels of ROS is not well understood. Much of the work examining the signal transduction by ROS, including H2O2, has been performed using doses in the lethal range. Although use of higher ROS doses have allowed the identification of important signal transduction pathways, these pathways may be activated by cells only in association with ROS-induced apoptosis and necrosis, and may not utilize the same pathways activated by lower doses of ROS associated with increased cell growth. Recent data has shown that low levels of exogenous H2O2 up-regulate intracellular glutathione and activate the DNA binding activity toward antioxidant response element. The modulation of the cellular redox environment, through the regulation of cellular glutathione levels, may be a part of the hormetic effect shown by ROS on cell growth.

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Borak, Jonathan, and Greg Sirianni. "Hormesis: Implications for Cancer Risk Assessment." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.011.

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Current guidelines for cancer risk assessment emphasize a toxicant's “mode of action”, rather than its empirically derived dose-response relationship, for determining whether linear low-dose extrapolation is appropriate. Thus, for reasons of policy, demonstration of hormesis is generally insufficient to justify a non-linear approach, although it may provide important insights into the actions of toxicants. We evaluated dose-response characteristics of four carcinogens reported to have hormetic dose-response curves: cadmium chloride; ionizing radiation; PAHs; and, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. For each, the study that documented hormesis in one organ also provided evidence of non-hormetic dose-responses in other organs or non-hormetic responses for seemingly similar carcinogens in the same species and organs. Such inconsistency suggests toxicologic reasons that the finding of hormesis alone is not sufficient to justify use of non-linear low-dose extrapolations. Moreover, available data in those examples are not sufficient to know whether hormesis is a property of the toxicants, the target organ, or the exposed species. From the perspectives of cancer risk assessment, the greatest informational value of hormesis may be that it provokes mechanistic studies intended to explain why hormesis occurs.

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Mundt, Kenneth A. "Statistical Challenges in Evaluating Dose-Response Using Epidemiological Data." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.001.

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Crump, Kenny S. "The Effect of Random Error in Exposure Measurement upon the Shape of the Exposure Response." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.002.

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Although statistical analyses of epidemiological data usually treat the exposure variable as being known without error, estimated exposures in epidemiological studies often involve considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates the theoretical effect of random errors in exposure measurement upon the observed shape of the exposure response. The model utilized assumes that true exposures are log-normally distributed, and multiplicative measurement errors are also log-normally distributed and independent of the true exposures. Under these conditions it is shown that whenever the true exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power r, the observed exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power K, where K < r. This implies that the observed exposure response exaggerates risk, and by arbitrarily large amounts, at sufficiently small exposures. It also follows that a truly linear exposure response will appear to be supra-linear—i.e., a linear function of exposure raised to the K-th power, where K is less than 1.0. These conclusions hold generally under the stated log-normal assumptions whenever there is any amount of measurement error, including, in particular, when the measurement error is unbiased either in the natural or log scales. Equations are provided that express the observed exposure response in terms of the parameters of the underlying log-normal distribution. A limited investigation suggests that these conclusions do not depend upon the log-normal assumptions, but hold more widely. Because of this problem, in addition to other problems in exposure measurement, shapes of exposure responses derived empirically from epidemiological data should be treated very cautiously. In particular, one should be cautious in concluding that the true exposure response is supra-linear on the basis of an observed supra-linear form.

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van Wijngaarden, Edwin. "A Graphical Method to Evaluate Exposure-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies Using Standardized Mortality or Morbidity Ratios." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.003.

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In occupational epidemiology, exposure-response analyses play an important role in the evaluation of the etiologic relevance of chemical and physical exposures. The standardized mortality or morbidity ratio (SMR) has been commonly used in occupational cohort studies. Statistical approaches to evaluate exposure-response patterns using SMRs have mostly been limited to analyses in which the exposure under investigation is categorized. Here, a graphical method for evaluating exposure-response patterns is presented based on SMR estimates across moving exposure windows. This method is demonstrated using the results of two hypothetical cohort studies. The proposed approach may be useful for graphical exploration of exposure-response trends in situations where the number of observed cases is small.

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May, Susanne, and Carol Bigelow. "Modeling Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies: Statistical Approaches and Practical Challenges." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.004.

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Non-linear dose response relationships pose statistical challenges for their discovery. Even when an initial linear approximation is followed by other approaches, the results may be misleading and, possibly, preclude altogether the discovery of the nonlinear relationship under investigation. We review a variety of straightforward statistical approaches for detecting nonlinear relationships and discuss several factors that hinder their detection. Our specific context is that of epidemiologic studies of exposure-outcome associations and we focus on threshold and J-effect dose response relationships. The examples presented reveal that no single approach is universally appropriate; rather, these (and possibly other) nonlinearities require for their discovery a variety of both graphical and numeric techniques.

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Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony). "A Model of Cytotoxic Dose-Response Nonlinearities Arising from Adaptive Cell Inventory Management in Tissues." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.005.

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Why do low-level exposures to environmental toxins often elicit over-compensating responses that reduce risk to an organism? Conversely, if these responses improve health, why wait for an environmental challenge to trigger them? This paper presents a mathematical modeling framework that addresses both questions using the principle that evolution favors tissues that hedge their bets against uncertain environmental challenges. We consider a tissue composed of differentiated cells performing essential functions (e.g., lung tissue, bone marrow, etc.). The tissue seeks to maintain adequate supplies of these cells, but many of them may occasionally be killed relatively quickly by cytotoxic challenges. The tissue can “order replacements” (e.g., via cytokine network signaling) from a deeper compartment of proliferative stem cells, but there is a delivery lag because these cells must undergo maturation, amplification via successive divisions, and terminal differentiation before they can replace the killed functional cells. Therefore, a “rational” tissue maintains an inventory of relatively mature cells (e.g., the bone marrow reserve for blood cells) for quick release when needed. This reservoir is replenished by stimulating proliferation in the stem cell compartment. Normally, stem cells have a very low risk of unrepaired carcinogenic (or other) damage, due to extensive checking and repair. But when production is rushed to meet extreme demands, error rates increase. We use a mathematical model of cell inventory management to show that decision rules that effectively manage the inventory of mature cells to maintain tissue function across a wide range of unpredictable cytotoxic challenges imply that increases in average levels of cytotoxic challenges can increase average inventory levels and reduce the average error rate in stem cell production. Thus, hormesis and related nonlinearities can emerge as a natural result of cell-inventory risk management by tissues.

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Schöllnberger, H., R. D. Stewart, and R. E. J. Mitchel. "Low-Let-Induced Radioprotective Mechanisms within a Stochastic Two-Stage Cancer Model." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.006.

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A stochastic two-stage cancer model with clonal expansion was used to investigate the potential impact on human lung cancer incidence of some aspects of the hormesis mechanisms suggested by Feinendegen ( Health Phys. 52 663–669, 1987). The model was applied to low doses of low-LET radiation delivered at low dose rates. Non-linear responses arise in the model because radiologically induced adaptations in radical scavenging and DNA repair may reduce the biological consequences of DNA damage formed by endogenous processes and ionizing radiation. Sensitivity studies were conducted to identify critical model inputs and to help define the changes in cellular defense mechanisms necessary to produce a lifetime probability for lung cancer that deviates from a linear no-threshold (LNT) type of response. Our studies suggest that lung cancer risk predictions may be very sensitive to the induction of DNA damage by endogenous processes. For doses comparable to background radiation levels, endogenous DNA damage may account for as much as 50 to 80% of the predicted lung cancers. For an additional lifetime dose of 1 Gy from low-LET radiation, endogenous processes may still account for as much as 20% of the predicted cancers ( Fig. 2 ). When both repair and scavengers are considered as inducible, radiation must enhance DNA repair and radical scavenging in excess of 30 to 40% of the baseline values to produce lifetime probabilities for lung cancer outside the range expected for endogenous processes and background radiation.

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Mitchel, R. E. J. "Radiation Risk Prediction and Genetics: The Influence of the TP53 Gene in vivo." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.007.

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Risk prediction and dose limits for human radiation exposure are based on the assumption that risk is proportional to total dose. However, there is concern about the appropriateness of those limits for people who may be genetically cancer prone. The TP53 gene product functions in regulatory pathways for DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis, processes critical in determining ionizing radiation risk for both carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Mice that are deficient in TP53 function are cancer prone. This review examines the influence of variations in TP53 gene activity on cancer and teratogenic risk in mice exposed to radiation in vivo, and compares those observations to the assumptions and predictions of radiation risk inherent in the existing system of radiation protection. Current assumptions concerning a linear response with dose, dose additivity, lack of thresholds and dose rate reduction factors all appear incorrect at low doses. TP53 functional variations can further modify radiation risk from either high or low doses, or risk from radiation exposures combined with other stresses, and those modifications can result in both quantitative and qualitative changes in risk.

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Rattan, Suresh I. S. "Hormetic Modulation of Aging and Longevity by Mild Heat Stress." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.008.

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Aging is characterized by a stochastic accumulation of molecular damage, progressive failure of maintenance and repair, and consequent onset of age-related diseases. Applying hormesis in aging research and therapy is based on the principle of stimulation of maintenance and repair pathways by repeated exposure to mild stress. In a series of experimental studies we have shown that repetitive mild heat stress has anti-aging hormetic effects on growth and various other cellular and biochemical characteristics of human skin fibroblasts undergoing aging in vitro. These effects include the maintenance of stress protein profiles, reduction in the accumulation of oxidatively and glycoxidatively damaged proteins, stimulation of the proteasomal activities for the degradation of abnormal proteins, improved cellular resistance to ethanol, hydrogenperoxide and ultraviolet-B rays, and enhanced levels of various antioxidant enzymes. Anti-aging hormetic effects of mild heat shock appear to be facilitated by reducing protein damage and protein aggregation by activating internal antioxidant, repair and degradation processes.

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Scott, Bobby R. "Stochastic Thresholds: A Novel Explanation of Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationships for Stochastic Radiobiological Effects." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.009.

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New research data for low-dose, low- linear energy transfer (LET) radiation-induced, stochastic effects (mutations and neoplastic transformations) are modeled using the recently published NEOTRANS3 model. The model incorporates a protective, stochastic threshold (StoThresh) at low doses for activating cooperative protective processes considered to include presumptive p53-dependent, high-fidelity repair of nuclear DNA damage in competition with presumptive p53-dependent apoptosis and a novel presumptive p53-independent protective apoptosis mediated (PAM) process which selectively removes genomically compromised cells (mutants, neoplastic transformants, micronucleated cells, etc.). The protective StoThresh are considered to fall in a relatively narrow low-dose zone (Transition Zone A). Below Transition Zone A is the ultra-low-dose region where it is assumed that only low-fidelity DNA repair is activated along with presumably apoptosis. For this zone there is evidence for an increase in mutations with increases in dose. Just above Transition Zone A, a Zone of Maximal Protection (suppression of stochastic effects) arises and is attributed to maximal cooperation of high-fidelity, DNA repair/apoptosis and the PAM process. The width of the Zone of Maximal Protection depends on low-LET radiation dose rate and appears to depend on photon radiation energy. Just above the Zone of Maximal Protection is Transition Zone B, where deleterious StoThresh for preventing the PAM process fall. Just above Transition Zone B is a zone of moderate doses where complete inhibition of the PAM process appears to occur. However, for both Transition Zone B and the zone of complete inhibition of the PAM process, high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis are presumed to still operate. The indicated protective and deleterious StoThresh lead to nonlinear, hormetic-type dose-response relationships for low-LET radiation-induced mutations, neoplastic transformation and, presumably, also for cancer.

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Gören, Nurfer. "In Response to ”Comment on Average Volume-Assured Pressure Support Modes for Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure its early use in the Emergency Department”." Balkan Medical Journal 39, no. 2 (2021): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2021.2021.10.80-response.

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Yunko, K. "THE BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS TO NEUROLEPTIC CHLORPROMAZINE ARE COMPARABLE WITH THE RESPONSES OF HIGHER VERTEBRATES." Biotechnologia Acta 17, no. 2 (2024): 90–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech17.02.090.

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Pharmaceuticals such as chlorpromazine (Cpz) are emerging aquatic pollutants with potential effects on non-target organisms. However, its effects on aquatic organisms remain limited and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to compare the responses to Cpz in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs. Methods. Mytilus galloprovincialis and Unio tumidus were exposed to pM and nM concentrations of Cpz for 14 days and analysed 16 parameters, including cytotoxicity, oxidative/reductive stress responses, metallothionein concentration and biotransformation enzymes in the digestive gland. Results. In both species, Cpz increased EROD activity, possibly leading to the formation of reactive metabolites. Marine mussels exposed to Cpz I and II showed increased GST activity, suggesting detoxification, whereas freshwater mussels showed decreased GST activity, suggesting higher Cpz toxicity. Activation of the GTPase dynamin in U. tumidus exposed to Cpz I confirmed the effect of Cpz on endocytosis. Oxidative stress responses were observed in both species, with changes in oxidative/reductive stress responses, suggesting toxic effects of Cpz. GSH and metallothionein concentrations increased in all exposures, while the NADH/NAD+ ratio increased significantly in U. tumidus. Loss of lysosomal membrane stability was observed in all exposed groups, with CtD efflux detected only in mussels. Differences in caspase-3 activity were also observed between species. Conclusion. Cpz showed adverse effects on vertebrates at μM concentrations, while mussels were affected at pM to nM concentrations, indicating concentration-dependent interspecies effects. Stress responses were similar between species, suggesting that marine molluscs are a potential model for assessing the adverse effects of Cpz on higher vertebrates.

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Eapen, Joel, and Adhithyan V S. "Personalization and Customization of LLM Responses." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 12 (2023): 2617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.1223.123512.

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Pilar, Domingo-Calap. "Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology." Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology 5, no. 2 (2019): 013–18. https://doi.org/10.17352/jcmbt.000033.

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Antiviral responses are activated rapidly after viral infection in order to control and prevent dissemination of the virus. Different pathways are activated in the immune system, including innate and adaptive responses. On the other hand, viruses have evolved specifi c strategies to evade these responses. Due to the high viral evolutionary rates, escape variants can emerge and spread fast in the population. The co-evolution between viruses and their host is a constant arms race, and is of special interest to understand the viral escape mechanisms that may guide the future development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.

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Kjelen, Hallvard. "Litterær kompetanse - portrett av tre lesarar." Acta Didactica Norge 9, no. 1 (2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.1390.

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Artikkelen drøfter eit sentralt problemfelt innom litteraturdidaktikken, nemleg tilhøvet mellom litterær lesing som fagleg kompetanse og litterær lesing som oppleving. Problemfeltet er særleg knytt til Louise Rosenblatts arbeid. Ho viser ved hjelp av omgrepa efferent og estetisk lesing korleis det er ei utfordring for litteraturlæraren å utvikle ei litteraturundervisning som i tilstrekkeleg grad tek omsyn til kjensler og røynsler. I ein litteraturteoretisk kontekst er subjektive responsar på litterære tekstar irrelevante, men i ein litteraturdidaktisk kontekst er subjektive responsar høgst relevante. Denne artikkelen bidrar inn i diskusjon-en mellom anna ved å trekkje inn meir empirisk basert litteraturteori som referanseramme. Artikkelen presenterer tre lesarars litterære responsar, og viser korleis kunnskap om individuelle lesarresponsar kan vere utgangspunkt for ei litteraturundervisning som balanserer ei fagleg tilnærming til litteratur opp mot ei meir opplevingsbasert tilnærming.Emneord: Litteraturundervisning, litterær kompetanse, empirisk litteraturteori, lesarresponsAbstractThe article discusses a key issue in literature didactics, namely the relation between literary reading as an academic competence, and literary reading as an experience. The discussion draws heavily on Louise Rosenblatt’s work. By using the concepts efferent and aesthetic reading, she shows how it is a challenge for the teacher of literature to develop literature teaching that adequately takes emotions and experience into account. In a literature-theoretical context, subjective responses to literary texts are irrelevant; but in a didactics context, the subjective responses are highly relevant. This article contributes to the discussion by bringing in a more empirically based literature theory as a frame of reference. The article presents three readers’ literary responses, and shows how knowledge of individual reader responses can be the basis for literature teaching which balances an academic approach to literature with a more experience-based approach.Key word: Teaching literature, literary competence, empirical literary theory, reader-response

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Moeller, Birte, and Christian Frings. "Long-term response-stimulus associations can influence distractor-response bindings." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 10, no. 2 (2014): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0158-1.

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Petra, Priscila Cardia, Flávia Thedim Costa Bueno, Claudia Lopes Rodrigues Chagas, Leandro dos Reis Lage, and Marisa Palácios. "Solidariedade pandêmica: respostas da sociedade diante da insuficiência estatal." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 11 (2022): 4107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222711.11052022.

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Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 chegou ao Brasil em um contexto de crises política e econômica que aprofundaram desigualdades e vulnerabilidades já existentes. Ações de apoio ao outro foram empreendidas por pessoas e organizações no sentido de mitigar os efeitos da pandemia. Foram realizadas 34 entrevistas entre outubro e novembro de 2020 com a finalidade de identificar as ações de apoio efetivadas para ajudar o outro, analisando-as em termos de solidariedade (pandêmica). Solidariedade e individualismo apareceram com frequência nas entrevistas como qualificadores das ações. Além disso, foram identificados três núcleos em que essas ações foram operadas: a família, o condomínio e a comunidade. A família foi citada como forma de suporte mútuo fundamentado pelo parentesco. Já as ações do condomínio se subdividiram entre as ações para dentro dos muros (de suporte mútuo entre semelhantes) e para fora dos muros (que revelam a diferenciação entre o condomínio e locais mais pobres). A comunidade se mostra como uma forma mais potente de ação, com experiências de autogestão, apoio mútuo e vulnerabilidade compartilhada. Nesse sentido, os resultados nos animam a compreender a solidariedade como método transformador da sociedade, independentemente da presença do Estado.

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Glaser, Ida. "CROSS, QIBLAH AND GLORY." Muslim-Christian Encounter 10, no. 2 (2017): 9–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30532/mce.2017.09.10.2.9.

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Misra, A. N., M. Misra, and R. Singh. "Nitric oxide ameliorates stress responses in plants." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 3 (2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/202/2010-pse.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous diatomic molecule with a wide variety of physiological and pathological implications in plants. Presence of unpaired electron in its molecular orbital makes it highly reactive; it can react directly with metal complexes, radicals, DNA, proteins, lipids and other biomolecules. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play essential role in a number of important plant physiological processes. This manuscript reviews the role of NO on these processes during various biotic and abiotic stresses. &nbsp;

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Loskutovs, Aleksejs. "Transnational Organized Crime – Latvian Challenges and Responses." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 15, no. 3 (2016): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.15.3.03.

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KOUNTUR, Ronny. "Detecting Careless Responses to Self-Reported Questionnaires." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16, no. 64 (2016): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.64.17.

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Лоскутовс, Алексеис. "Транснациональная организованная преступность – латвийские вызовы и ответы". Connections: The Quarterly Journal 15, № 3 (2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.rus.15.3.03.

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Dimopoulou, Ioanna, Marinella Tzanela, Dimitra Vassiliadi, et al. "Pituitary-adrenal responses following major abdominal surgery." HORMONES 7, no. 3 (2008): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1203.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Responsos'

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