Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ressources naturelles – Afrique – Gestion'
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Barrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Full textThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Diaby, Moussa. "Apport de l'analyse multicritère à la gestion d’une ressource agricole : cas de l'hévéa en Afrique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0665.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to settle a rigorous field of decision analysis for rubber tree clones selection. Nowadays there does not exist any process based upon a strict method to select the right clone for the right place to get the highest return on investment. The only known selection method is to use the experience of different protagonists acting in the plantation. So, we need a tool that takes into account very important criteria in order to achieve the main objective. This goal is reached using three multicriteria methods as Electre III, SMAA II and Multicriteria Approval. The comparison and the choice of rubber tree clones are always a multicriteria approach with evaluations which vary according to the ecological sites. The step leading to experimentation-recommendation had formalized, but without clarifying the way of treating the uncertainty attached to the variation of the data and the variable importance of the various criteria. The multicriteria methods are interesting because they allow us to pursue the objective of clones’ classification with more differentiating and a different approach basing on a systematic comparison of all pairs of clones
Bérard, Marie-Hélène. "Légitimité des normes environnementales et complexité du droit : l'exemple de l'utilisation des Dina dans la gestion locale de la forêt à Madagascar (1996-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20946.
Full textDongmo, Aimé Landry. "Territoires, troupeaux et biomasses : enjeux de gestion pour un usage durable des ressources au Nord-Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005304/document.
Full textIn North Cameroon like in similar areas of Sudano-sahelian Africa, severe drought and high demographic pressure has resulted in an influx of migrant farmers and the settlement of pastoralists in the more humid and less saturated zones. Today, farmers are face with a continuous drop in crop yields, Pastoralists have difficulties in feeding their herds. Studies of crop and livestock farming systems and the analysis of their interactions have highlighted the need for better management of biomass. Results show that the use of organic manure by primary crop farmers is low compared to livestock owners who use copious quantities on their crop farms. As a consequence, they obtain much higher biomass yields on much smaller land areas. In the dry season, they use their ancestral right of free ranging to feed their animals on crop residues produced by farmers. During the rest of the year, part of their herd goes on transhumance towards favourable areas while the other part is maintained in the village near the family. Feeding the latter entails walking long distances each day through narrow passages in cultivated fields. Finally, the important part of biomass production in the village depends both on the practices of farmers (mineral and organic fertilisation) and those of herd owners (free ranging). Systems of better biomass management are suggested to improve the soil fertility and production in the short term through organic matter produced near the farm, manure produced in stables or on a fix parking lot, or in the medium term by zero-till and planting under mulch system. Conceptual modelling systems are then developed for sustainable management of biomass
Hubert, Nicolas. "Environnement, Ressources et Conflits au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41871.
Full textYelkouni, Martin. "Gestion d'une ressource naturelle et action collective : le cas de la forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660993.
Full textGautier, Denis. "De la gestion centralisée des savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest aux territoires de conservation et de développement dans un contexte de globalisation environnementale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812879.
Full textHenry, Alexandre. "Essays on Economic Development in Commodity-Dependent Economies." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0076.
Full textThis thesis belongs to the literature on natural resource dependence and brings a new perspective by focusing on the sub-Saharan African region. This dependence introduces numerous challenges for policy makers both in terms of fiscal and monetary policy. The main research question explored in this thesis is the following : to which extent sub- Saharan African governments can rely on fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate the adverse impacts of commodity dependence and trigger positive spillover and achieve sustainable growth? The second chapter of the thesis unfolds short-term versus long-term mechanisms of the resource curse by using a two-step analysis: an error-correction model is performed after co-integrating the explana- tory variables. Main findings highlight the crucial role of institutions. On the long run, the negative impact of the dependence is confirmed independently of the institution quality. However, countries with weak institutions are more vulnerable to the curse because the re- source dependence not only negatively impacts long-term growth but also adversely impacts the recovery process. Finally, in a strong in- stitutional environment, results points to a potential positive impact of natural resources during recovery process. In the third chapter, a panel vector auto-regressive model compares macro-economic interactions in the pegged CFA monetary union versus a comparable sample. Considering their export structure dominated by raw commodities, results suggests that the CFA zone members do not suffer from a loss of competitiveness from belonging to the monetary union. However, foreign direct investments fail to generate the same spillover effect in the CFA zone compared to non-CFA countries. The forth chapter provides insights on the optimal management of fiscal resources, especially during a windfall period. Growth elasticities of different government choices regarding revenue allocation is performed. Results show that in a con- text of limited access to capital, resource windfall are considered as a crucial opportunity to scale up investment. In fact, below a level of public capital stock (estimated around 750 USD per capita), public investment during a boom has a four-fold higher impact on growth than above the threshold. This scaling up is conditional on low levels of public debt: countries featuring unsustainable public debt levels should prioritize the restoration of stronger foreign reserves
Dassering, Oueddo. "Dynamique du bilan fourrager et gestion des terroirs agrosylvopastoraux en zone soudanienne du tchad : cas du canton lele." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA120029.
Full textFargeot, Christian. "La chasse commerciale en Afrique centrale : une menace pour la biodiversité ou une activité économique durable ? : Le cas de la république centrafricaine." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931537.
Full textCodur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Marega, Oumar. "Changements socio-environnementaux et évolution des pratiques agropastorales en Afrique sahélienne : étude comparée entre le Ferlo (Sénégal), le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC228/document.
Full textIn a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara
Nékoulnang, Djétounako Clarisse. "Les collections scientifiques et leur valorisation : une politique de recherche et un enjeu socio-culturel. L'exemple du patrimoine tchadien et d'autres collections paléontologiques africaines." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2288/document.
Full textFor the XVth century Italy was a playground of favourite of collectors, private individuals among whom some very early placed their collections at the disposal of the public. The curious collect objects for the most part of the cases for reasons for being able to, of politics or still religious option, but not with the aim of preserving them. However the development of networks of sociability and business in the XVIth century made cabinets of curiosity an European reality. When the collectors die, certain collections are sold and of other one transformed into museum from the XVIIth century, others are also, in the XVIIIth and in the XIXth century, at the origin of collections kept at present in high schools and universities. The history of the European collections, including with regard to the most recent evolution of museums, allows to think about what can and have to be collections today, and as regards their preservation and the conditions of their study, and as for their opening to the public. Yet further to major discoveries in paleontology in Africa, and with the aim of managing and valuing these collections, numerou national museums settle in capitals and museum representation change to become real museums oriented developments of scientific research. It is also through the paleontological discoveries in Africa that the whole world and the Africans became aware themselves of the diversity and the immense natural and patrimonial wealth of this continent. The paleontological collections of the Chad present a very important scientific interest, which results from their impact on the knowledge of the " Origin and the History of the Human Family ". On more than 20 000 fossil specimens brought to light by the MPFT, 18343 are inventoried and digitized, including 316 types and figured, a database was built with these guys and figured in Access is posted on the CNAR Site and catalogs on these type specimens were also developed and printed in this work. These collections constitute one of the richest paleontological collections of Central Africa today, in particular for the period of Mio-Pliocène (from 7,3 to 3 My). Also generates an undeniable socio- cultural issue. A study is conducted and trails are proposed to ensure not only a true conservation policy but also of valuation, including the general public. Our thesis intends to contribute on second thought on the future of the African, in particular Chadian collections
Favard, Pascal. "Exploitation optimale d'un ensemble de ressources naturelles." Toulouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10004.
Full textIn this dissertation, we propose to study the optimal exploitation of a set of natural resources, considering that this exploitation is generally a problem of simultaneous management of renewable resources (flow) and non renewable ones (stocks). To do so, we consider a general equilibrium framework where the population has to make trade off at each moment between the quantity of resources consumed and the quantity of leisure. The average work time necessary to extract a resource is supposed constant, although specify to each resource. In the first chapter, we study the case where a plentiful flow is available. We show that it is never optimal to consume the stocks sequentially by increasing cost order. For a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume more then two resources simultaneously, and the path of consumption-leisure couples is largely indeterminate. In the second chapter, the flow is considered scarce. The results established in the first chapter still hold. Moreover, for a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume the flow before beginning to exploit a stock, even a less costly one in terms of access cost. In the third chapter, unlike previously, we consider a growing population size. There instantaneous utility per capita can grow when the population grows for certain stock levels. Moreover, if society can spare some resource by stocking part of flow, the stock can be valuable as a reservoir
N'Dui-Yabela, Alexis. "La Contribution internationale à la sauvegarde des ressources naturelles en Afrique Centrale." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0044.
Full textIn the right heart of the african continent, the sub-region of Central Africa has important natural resources. Unfortunately, those resources are lately facing an irrational exploitation, portending an environnemental situation of crisis in a short term. Aware of those threats, Central African's States and international community multiply many-sided strategies in order to reverse the tend. Many initiatives are recorded during the last years as much at the level of management political review as regards operational activities. This study tries to review some of them and show how Central African's States and civil society work hard, with the help of many internationals partners, to safeguard natural resources in prospect of a sustainable development. In this part of the world, the international environmental law doesn't stay on a theoretical level, but found expression in some concrete and field realizations
Singla, Laure. "L'approche juridique contemporaine de la gestion des ressources naturelles mondiales." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0019/document.
Full textThe conquest of space since the fifteenth century allowed the recognition of the principle of sovereignty of States over their natural resources. The XXI century is facing the depletion of global fossil natural resources and the pursuit of new. Tensionsaround the world present management of natural resources posed the finding of a weak legal regulation, and the idea of adopting other governance based on a new mode of management. The other approach, intergenerational would be based on a reasoned management in the sense of rational, balanced and adapted endemic systems. But this shift puts the issue of the management of global natural resources at the heart of intergenerational priorities. The XXI century then allows to reflect on the legal recognition of the principle of interdependence between Man and Nature. But this legal thinking isa contrario of public policies and traditional management methods. Europe has initiated an effective response. France followed by the adoption of the charter of the environment, the laws say Grenelle I and II, the Law on energy transition. SomeAndean States have included this principle in their constitutions. The contemporary legal approach to the management of global natural resources and returns to other modes of governance and to notions of endemic areas of common public interest. Global environmental legal issues while based on new proactive security policies, strengthening existing ties of cooperation to face the multiplicity of sources of authority and power
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textGagnon, Pierre-Luc, and Pierre-Luc Gagnon. "La transition institutionnelle vers la durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles au Canada : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23667.
Full textLa croissance économique s’est appuyée, depuis l’ère industrielle, sur un fort apport en ressources naturelles. Si la plupart des pays industrialisés opèrent désormais dans une économie davantage axée sur la technologie et les services, il n’en demeure pas moins que le milieu naturel demeure soumis à un ensemble de pressions provenant du commerce des ressources naturelles, de la pollution, de la croissance de la population humaine, de la désintégration des grands écosystèmes ainsi que de la précarisation de la biodiversité. La montée en puissance de groupes environnementaux et le soutien public que ceux-ci ont su mobiliser pour la protection de l’environnement ont favorisé la mise à l’agenda politique d’une gestion étatique de l’environnement axée sur la durabilité. La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’intégration de critères de durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles. À cet égard, la thèse adopte un cadre analytique fondé sur deux axes. Les changements institutionnels s’appuyant sur les règles formelles forment le premier axe. Le deuxième axe s’articule autour de la gestion même des ressources naturelles, c’est-à-dire des modes de gestion traditionnelle, scientifique, adaptative et écosystémique. Après avoir situé la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles dans le cadre fédéral canadien, la thèse effectue une analyse de l’intégration des critères de gestion écosystémique aux règles formelles encadrant la gestion des ressources naturelles aux paliers fédéral et québécois. La thèse conclut en spécifiant que les processus de développement durable institutionnalisés aux deux paliers de gouvernement n’ont pas mené à l’adoption d’un cadre cohérent de gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles. De plus, un ensemble de manquements aux deux paliers de gouvernement en ce qui concerne la gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles ont été observés, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le suivi et le contrôle des ressources.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Masra, Succès. "L'Afrique face aux défis de l'économie post-pétrole : du rôle des institutions financières de développement dans la promotion des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E033.
Full textIn 2015, during the COP 21, on the occasion of the global climate agreement in Paris, Africa committed under the Leadership of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) and its other technical and financial partners, to install a capacity of 300 GW of renewable energy by 2030. This ambitious target set in the framework of the African Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) for which AfDB is the executing agency, completes its commitment of the decade 2005-2015, which permitted it to increase the share of renewable energy from 4% to 20% of its energy portfolio. Yet, Africa remains the continent which, despite its strong renewable energy potential (10 TW of solar, 350 GW hydroelectric, 110 GW wind and 15 GW of geothermal potential), is paradoxically characterized by two third of its population (645 millions) without access to modern energy sources (AfDB, 2016). It is in this context of energy emergency in one hand and the need for sustainable energy solutions on the other hand, that our thesis, based on renewable energy projects designed or implemented as Principal Energy Economist within the AfDB over the period 2010-2015, analyzes how AfDB, as the first African Development Financing Institution covering the 54 African countries, can assist this continent to better meet the challenges of the post-oil economy, through a more effective development of renewable energy. This analysis, essentially normative, allows us to achieve a double set of recommendations both internal and external to the AfDB in the perspective of enhanced effectiveness of Official Development Aid channeled by this institution, from the specific angle of the promotion of renewable energy
Marin, Valérie. "La gestion d'une ressource renouvelable : application aux pêcheries." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020051.
Full textFrancois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Full textBontianti, Abdou. "La gestion des ressources naturelles au Niger : l'imbroglio des politiques publiques." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30013.
Full textTorri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Job, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Full textLe, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Full textDe, Sa Louis Charles. "La mondialisation des ressources naturelles et les conditions de sa réalisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20012.
Full textThis work is divided in three parts : II) globalization and structural transformations in production this part analyses the phenomenon of globalization and the transformations of the industrial system in the old countries, their links with the row materials and their evolution in the time. Ch. L - globalization and the manufacture transformation Ch. 2 - renewal of the industrial structures in the old developed countries II) the necessity of a durable development or the ways to integrate economy and society this part study the sustained development analyzing the problems of economic and population growth after 1900, makes an inventory in row materials, overall energetic, and analyses the new problem posed by the pollution. Ch. L - growth analyses in occident after xix century Ch. 2 - the problem posed by the world population Ch. 3 - the geo-economic disponibilities of natural resources Ch. 4 - the pollution or a new break in growth III) the requirements of the economic rentability this part is a reexamination of the economic theory of natural resources under constraint of natural growth, the perfect and controlled markets and the problem of stability of prices and money. Ch. 1 - basic methods utilized in economic studies Ch. 2 - the relationships between a flux economics (renewable resources) and a stock economics (nonrenewable resources) Ch. 3 - trade importance and prices behavior of row materials Ch. 4 - the consideration of natural resources inside the function
Tomo, Gisèle. "Ressources naturelles et développement durable dans les économies subsahariennes : le rôle de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0062/document.
Full textNatural resources are taken in the nature for, in the most of cases to improve the conditions of existence of the population. In Sub-Saharan Africa, economics are often dominated by the exploitation of these natural resources which contribute to the formation of the national wealth. This exploitation of natural resources should thus allow the improvement of the welfare of the present generations without compromising the possibility for the future generations to improve theirs. So natural resources should be exploited so that the heritage represented by the environment is not altered and so that the populations living thanks to these naturalresources see theirs conditions of existence improving today and in the future.The sustainable development is thus the way which must to guide the strategies ofdevelopment in Sub-Saharan economics which are generously endowed in natural resources. This one dresses a triple dimension, namely economic, social and ecological. It is thus important to examine the relation between natural resources and sustainable development because, indeed natural resources have to allow the populations to know a sustainable development. If certain countries indeed, although provided in natural resources did not bring, on examination of the indicators of development which are at the lowest, elements of sustainable development in the past and today, it is important to reverse the trend. It is as such that the strategies must be mobilized in Sub-Saharan Africa. The examination of the case of certain countries generously endowed in natural resources shows that these should be a source of endogenous growth to envisage a sustainabledevelopment. From then on the good governance, the best distribution of receipts stemming from natural resources and the contribution of the foreign partners are important. The European Union as partner and financer has a role so that the economics of Africa in the south of Sahara put themselves on the path of the sustainable development from their asset which lies in possession of natural resources. As such the financial cooperation among other has to give better results so that we can establish a relation between financing and sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa
Dje, Yao. "Conservation des ressources génétiques des races locales de sorgho en Afrique du Nord occidentale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211888.
Full textChamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Full textThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Abuhmaira, Enas. "Le régime juridique des ressources naturelles fluides souterraines communes." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT3012.
Full textWater, petroleum and natural gas, which represents a significant proportion of the natural ressources of a state are, either a source of conflict or a potential for cooperation and solidarity. Very frequently, these three vital and strategic resources are divided between many states which use them, in most cases independantly. On one hand, inadequetely controlled use these ressources lead in many cases to problems of overuse and pollution thatengender risks of crisis and conflicts between states. On the other hand, the need to protect these resources must put in place a rational management. .
Castillo, Brieva Daniel. "Arrangements institutionnels et modèles mentaux dans la gestion des ressources en bien commun." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100022.
Full textGauthier, Caroline. "Évaluation économique des ressources naturelles, le cas particulier de la biodiversité : application de la méthode contingente au site des forêts de la Garonne." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10073.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is the valuation of the biodiversity preservation benefits. This valuation is recommended by the objectives of the Rio convention on biodiversity. The "good" to value is complex, non-familiar to the public and no valuation method from real markets is nowadays relevant. The main question is to know whether a valuation method from simulated markets, or contingent valuation method, permits a significant revelation of these benefits. Our research contains three parts. The first part (chapter 1) proposes a reflexion on the biodiversity concept. Diverse definitions of this concept are available. We compare these different definitions and the measures given by naturalists and economists to determine the elements in adequation with our final aim. The second part deals with the different valuation methods (chapter 2) and studies (chapter 3) of the biodiversity benefits. We recense and compare the valuation methods which the economists can use. The analysis of the different biodiversity valuation studies allows to show the exercise difficulties and to point out the problems to avoid in an empirical study. The third part is empirical. It describes the contingent valuation of a biodiversity preservation program of the Garonne river forests (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is to lead a study that takes into account every difficulty revealed in the first two parts. Such a procedure allows concluding on the current methods to significantly reveal biodiversity benefits. The results indicate that the annual average willingness to pay is 142. 76 francs per household we show that the conceptual problems of complexity and non-familiarity can be solved. But some methodological problems persist. We still have an importance bias. The presence of the importance bias means the non-revelation of the individual underlying preferences. The giving effect is also present. Therefore our willingness to pay result has to be carefully interpreted
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Lafforgue, Gilles. "Économie des ressources naturelles, du risque et de l' incertain : quatre essais." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10065.
Full textIn this report, we show how the introduction of random elements affects some natural resource management problems. Result crucially depend upon the own characteristics of the resource and the variables subject to uncertainty. Chapter 1 determines the optimal exploitation rule of a renewable resource with amenity values and whose dynamics is continuously disturbed by random fluctuations. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of global environmental risks such as natural disasters, on the optimal management of a renewable resource. Chapter 3 introduces the possibility of discovering a new deposit at a random date. In chapter 4, we show how a continuous exploration effort can relax the availability constraint of a non-renewable resource. We also investigate the possibility of the economy to reach a sustainable growth path if the impatience of society is balanced by the positive effects of new deposit discoveries
Bon, Emmanuel. "Le drame des communaux : appropriation publique, privée, commune ou accès libre aux espaces-ressources naturels indiens ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100157.
Full textIn addition to the 143 millions hectares of cultivated lande, 90 millions hectares of wastelands, pastures and forest - i. E. 30 % of the Indian territory - are de facto hold as common property resources (CPRs). The magnitude of CPRs atteste for thé résilience of longestablished management systems and customary institutions in India. However, thé régulation and control of appropriation rights of natural resources remains contested domains. Beyond thé vain debate between rationality of homo economicus versus irrationality of thé world peasantry, actual situation is a more or less open access to most uncultivated land and renewable resources that is prejudicial to both thé citizen, thé State and nature itself. Main objective is to address theoretical and practical issues related to thé management of renewable resources. Does common property resources a universal cause of environmental tragedy or a pragmatic solution to thé overexploitation of renewable resources in developing countries?
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Bamazi, Dihesa. "Contribution à la connaissance des styles de gestion des ressources humaines en Afrique : effet sociétal et gestion des ressources humaines : cas particulier du Togo." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT4003.
Full textToday africa developpement should go through the imperative of private initiative. Relying on the idea that human ressources management problems should be listed among the principals reasons of enterprises bad running, this present research has been centred on this domain practices. Accurately, we are interested in the osicocultural factors effects on human ressources management practice and the togo's concrete cultural environnement. This study is based on a survey of 49 togolege firms and has for objective to provide a conceptual setting for an apprehension and a better understanding of human and organizational appearance of the management
Amoussou, Ernest. "Variabilité pluviométrique et dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du bassin versant du complexe fluvio-lagunaire Mono-Ahémé-Couffo (Afrique de l'ouest)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493898.
Full textRossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Mbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Full textEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Ayong, Le Kama Alain. "Ressources environnementales et soutenabilité de la croissance." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010027.
Full textThe aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to analyze the link between economic growth and environment. We have tried to set a framework which can allow to build environmental policies that insure sustainability of economic growth in the long run. In the first part, we propose a study which supposes that the authorities in charge of environmental policies have a complete knowledge of the structure of natural phenomena technologies and current and future preferences. After a brief survey of the literature, we use a simple model to study conditions in which the economy can evolve along a win-win balanced growth path in the first chapter. In the second chapter, we provide an ethical study of the sustainability concept. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the relevance of the models studied before knowing that the main difficulty to come to a decision today in terms of environmental policy is due to our complete ignorance of its long-run consequences, we wonder on the effects of the introduction of environmental uncertainties on the decisions of the central planner. The third chapter analyses two types of environmental uncertainties one is about future generations preferences and the other is on the evolution of environmental resource's stock. At last, in the fourth chapter, we use a microeconomic approach to study the consumers behavior with environmental uncertainty
Piazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Full textLages, Vinicius Nobre. "Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Full textEmperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la Caatinga du sud-est du Piaui, Brésil." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604885r.
Full textBrithmer, Ronald. "Approche écologique de la gestion des ressources naturelles sur le littoral : exemples de la Martinique." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30037.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the coast line of martinique. It's got two essential purposes. - in a first time to study the ecological parameters (ground, climate) which govern the installation of the different environments encountered on the coastline. - in a second time to make some proposals in order to manage the natural resources. So, this document in structured in four parts : - a report as an "inventory of fixtures" of the coastline of martinique. It develops the physical aspects as well as the human resources. - some technical uses of the ecological and above all clematic given informations in order to have a thematic cartograph y of the island and to clonclude a bioclimatic map of this department. - two concrete practices regarding the management of the naturel resources : an approach of the legislature concerning the surroundings of the coastline to be protected and the forestation of some cleaned areas from endermic vegetable species. - some perspective to manage and follow up the natural resources from the use of satellite pictures spot
Emperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la caatinga du sud-est du Piaui (Brésil)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066359.
Full textAvilés, Benitez Anastasia. "Gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles et proximité, le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21043.
Full textPronier, Olivier. "Analyse des peuplements ichtyologiques des plans d'eau français et perspectives de gestion piscicole." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT010A.
Full textGutierrez, Edgar. "Territoire, saisonnalité et gestion des ressources en Amazonie vénézuelienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0055.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis consiste en poner en evidencia cómo una comunidad amerindia arawako de la Amazonia venezolana se representa su medio y las prácticas que aplica en la gestión de los espacios y ecosistemas. Los datos reunidos en este trabajo, de carácter interdisciplinario, intentan responder a los distintos tipos de problemas que se plantean en la delimitación de un territorio indígena, en particular con relación a su construcción social. Para eso, esta memoria consagra una primera parte a presentar generalidades sobre el contexto geográfico, ecológico, histórico y cultural del oeste de la Amazonia venezolana donde esta establecida la comunidad autóctona que fue objeto de nuestro estudio. Luego, presenta un cuadro general de vida de los habitantes de La Comunidad, discutiendo brevemente de su pertenencia étnica y los distintos tipos de responsabilidad en la vida social. Su vida religiosa se abordó también, en la medida en que ésta tiene una incidencia sobre la gestión de los recursos naturales. Diversas variables culturales se combinan en la representación que los habitantes se hacen de su territorio y el conocimiento que tienen de éste. En primer lugar, se compiló datos históricos sobre la ocupación del espacio por los habitantes de La Comunidad. Luego se expone la influencia de las variaciones espacio-temporales de los factores hídricos y climáticos sobre el carácter estacional de la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de los recursos florísticos y faunísticos, asi como su relación con las actividades productivas. Presentamos a continuación las distintas categorías ecológicas reconocidas por los habitantes en su medio, en relación con la utilización del territorio. Luego se examina la forma en que los habitantes de La Comunidad se representan su territorio y tienen en cuenta las relaciones con los seres espirituales. Por último, se examina el resultado de la representación que se hacen de su territorio, sobre la base de la combinación de todos esos elementos, que conjugan observaciones e imaginario. Terminaremos por una exposición sobre el análisis de distintos derechos de propiedad, de derechos de uso y de modalidades de apropiación del territorio y los recursos, respecto a derechos expresados por la legislación del Estado venezolano. Los dos últimos capítulos se consagran a generalidades sobre la alimentación para, a continuación, examinar en detalle su relación con las distintas prácticas vinculadas a la utilización del medio: la agricultura, la pesca, la caza y la recolección. La conclusión destaca la dificultad de las poblaciones indígenas para hacer corresponder lo mejor posible sus representaciones del territorio que reivindican, donde rigen normas precisas de acceso, con una lógica del Estado venezolano que les es extranjera. La presión exterior sobre su mundo cultural les lleva actualmente a reducir el espacio de producción y extracción de los recursos alimentarios y, por lo tanto, la durabilidad de la agricultura y la transmisión de sus conocimientos, exceptuando los espacios sujetos a la influencia de los seres espirituales
The purpose of this thesis is to show how an Amerindian Arawakan community of the Venezuelan Amazon basin represents itself its environment and the practices that it applies for the management of the spaces and the ecosystems. The data showed in this interdisciplinary work, is an attempt to answer the different questions posed about the delimitation of indigenous people's territories, particularly related to its social structure. The first part of this memory presents an overview of the geographic, historical and cultural context of the west Amazon Venezuelan basin, where the autochthon community object of our research inhabits. Then, a general table of life about the inhabitants of La Comunidad is presented, discussing briefly their ethnic identity and the different types of membership's responsibilities in the social life. Their religious life have been analysed as long as it affects the natural resources management. Several cultural variables are combined in the form the inhabitants use to present their territory and knowledge they have of it. Firstly, we gathered historical data on the occupation of space by the inhabitants of La Comunidad. Then we expose the influence of the space-time variations of the hydrous and climatic factors on of the qualitative and quantitative availabilities of the floristic and animal resources and their relationship to the productive activities. Then, we present the various ecological categories recognized by the inhabitants in their environment related to the use of the territory. Afterwards, we examine the way the inhabitants of La Comunidad represent their territory and take into account the relations with the spiritual beings. Finally, we review the results of the representation they made of their territory, based on the combination of all these elements, conjugating observations and imaginary. We will finish exposing the analysis of the property rights, and the methods of appropriation of the territory and the resources, compared to the rights expressed by the legislation of the Venezuelan Administration. The two final chapters are dedicated to general information related to the food, in order to examine in detail its relationship with the different practices linked to the use of the medium: agriculture, fishing, hunting, and the gathering. The conclusion emphasizes the difficulty of the indigenous populations trying to link, in the best possible way, their representations of their territory, to the precise access rules asserted by the administrative logic of the State, which is foreign for them. This external pressure over their cultural world currently leads them to reduce the space of production and extraction of the alimentary resources and, consequently, the durability of agriculture and transmission of their knowledge, excepting the spaces subjected to the influence of the spiritual beings
Foufou, Ammar. "La gestion paysanne des ressources naturelles dans le Bas-Sahara algérien : cas de Ouargla et Biskra." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30022.
Full textBiskra and Ouargla are two sub-units which are home of the Bas-Sahara, where the economy and the population are soaring. They are characterized by the coexistence of two forms of agricultural production in different ways and factors of production available, one capitalist and another one traditional and suburban. The traditional form is facing a difficult, economic, social, hydrological and agricultural reality. Its current operation is subject to secular’s peasant’s rules and methods, but has difficulty to the two speeds socio-economic change. The management of agricultural space in the two sub-assemblies can not be dissociated from the regional or local level, because natural resources are unevenly distributed. The rural population is made up of family and composed. Agricultural land is a fundamental element of their attachment to their space. Its operation is subject to specific methods of a sahara’s peasant. The management of water as a valuable natural resource in such an area is subject to rules and methods based on equity, solidarity and discipline. The external links of this space are first based, on the relationship between themselves as producers, the market for the marketing and supply, market and professional bodies. Relations peasant-farmer, farmers' market and farm-workers are much stronger than that maintained with the State, as a player in the functioning of this area consists mainly of intensive and often aging, especially in Ouargla. These farms are not immune to the biotic and abiotic threats, which jeopardizes their sustainability over time, although some farmers show their determination to go far in their investment and their expansion, if conditions are favorable. This determination leaves some hope for the traditional survive longer