Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ressources naturelles – Madagascar – Gestion'
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Taillade, Jean-Jacques. "Les dynamiques dans la gestion de l'espace et des ressources naturelles sur les interfluves de l'Ouest malgache : Cas des éleveurs Sakalava du Menabé." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30064.
Full textThe problems linked to the preservation of the natural vegetation in the west of madagascar can be seen in many different ways. Forms of made-man degradation, most visible in some sectors, tend to demonstrate that the environment/society interface corresponds to man's aggressive action and leads to the progressive disappearance of sylvan areas. However, the dry forest, despite several centuries of human occupation, still occupies vast surfaces. Arboroginal societies, sakalava and pre-sakalava, are known to have made great use of the forest. The value of this environment was undoubtedly acknowledged by these populations who had enforced rules enabling them to define limits to lumbering. Several external factors (colonisation, migrations, appearance of free market) have contribued to the evolution of human behaviours towards more aggressiveness and less respect for the natural vegetation. Although this trend is general, there is also a resistance from big sakalava graziers, anxious to avoid redistribution of prosperity, who regards themselves as the supporters of a traditiona and "ecological" management of the forest, and develop new strategies to use space in order to appropriate the main forest-clad mountains in the area
Ranaivomanana, Lala N. J. "Identification des conditions d’appropriation de la gestion durable des ressources naturelles et des écosystèmes : Cas du grand récif de Toliara." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH068.
Full textSaint-Sauveur, Armelle de. "Gestion des espaces et des ressources naturelles par une société pastorale, les Bara du sud-ouest malgache : implications pour une politique environnementale décentralisée." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30037.
Full textA number of african countries are engaged in decentralized environmental policies, aimed at endowing local communities with the management of renewable natural resources. In madagascar, as in other countries, pastoral areas are an important part of the national territory. In these regions, can environmental management be based on local pastoral pratices ? studying the case of the bara herders in south-ouest madagascar, we can examin this question, that raises others, around which is organized the thesis. What are the relations between the bara society and the environment ? the objective of this first section is to identify pratices and cultural values that can have an impact on natural resources management. What dynamics are on going in the bara country and what are their consequences on environment management ? agricultural development and cattle stealing are central in the dynamics. By analysing their impact on the production system and on the society, we can identify the powers around which resource management can be reorganized and we can determin if pastoralism is the best choice for developping the region. Around what elements can a local management of the environment be built ? bush fire management, land tenure and rights ruling cattle stealing are the three axis around which an environmental policy can be organized in madagascar's pastoral areas. The link between the notion of territory and the watching of the land, to control illicit movements of cattle, appears as a central element of the land tenure problematic in bara country and can offer an original approach for other pastoral areas in africa
Rakotoarijaona, Razafimbelo Niry Minohery. "Les enjeux de la gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles et les politiques environnementales malgaches : l’exemple de la région Alaotra-Mangoro." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1031/document.
Full textAccording to ongoing research, the management of forest areas on Madagascar's east side is currently undergoing a significant evolution, though it differs from one place to another. In the case of the study region (Alaotra-Mangoro), it is limited to an ancestral mode of organization and management where the traditional authorities, the elders (Ray aman-dreny) and the communities are the prime contractors. This traditional management consists of a right to exploit natural resources for the needs of the community. In Madagascar, the imperative of biodiversity conservation is the focus of international attention. New territories are being created with the extension of protected areas; however, the practices of conservation NGOs, supported by donors, mainly exclude local communities and local populations from decision-making processes. But at the same time, new conservation projects are being launched, with the main objective of setting up community-based forest management through the intermediary of the Basic Communities (COBA). We support the idea that a "skillful" integration of local customs within conservation projects will enable the population to derive greater benefit from the rational exploitation of local resources
Pfund, Jean-Laurent. "Culture sur brûlis et gestion des ressources naturelles : évolution et perspectives de trois terroirs ruraux du versant Est de Madagascar /." Zürich, 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13966.
Full textBérard, Marie-Hélène. "Légitimité des normes environnementales et complexité du droit : l'exemple de l'utilisation des Dina dans la gestion locale de la forêt à Madagascar (1996-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20946.
Full textGaudieux, Aurélie. "Expérimentation d’une méthode à base de Systèmes Multi-Agents appliquée à la gouvernance des ressources naturelles à Madagascar et à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0008/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to the scientific community an alternative method of analysis from the interactions and cognition coming from the management of natural resources. The created system is called SIEGMAS (Stakeholders Interactions in Environmental Governance by a Multi-Agent System). It's a Help tool to the decision on the simulation of interactions between stakeholders acting on a territory in the Common-pool resources via an environmental, social and economic interface. The aim of the SIEGMAS is double. on the one hand, It is a matter of giving a generic, model agent re-usable dedicated to the scientific community for the management of natural resources. On the other hand, the aim consists on giving a framework of computer solution adapted to the decision-makers of politic and economic area for the decision making
Razafindrabe, Alexandra Malala. "L'analyse de l'impact des politiques forestières. Cas de Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0010.
Full textMadagascar meets a difficult situation regarding forest resources management. Actually, several factors linked to poverty lead to important forest losses each year. In this context, the main question to be tackled with is related to the impact of forest policies implemented in the country, in the aim to achieve a sustainable management in the long run. This thesis deals with the effects involved by these policies and tries to determine whether these policies really give responses to the issues of forest management in Madagascar. Consequently, two points of view have to be taken into consideration: the national one and the local one, through the defintion of macroeconomic and individual models. This analysis uses a social and environmental accounting matrix, the data envelopment analysis method, a logit model, a structural equations model, time series and a reduced computable general equilibrium model. The main conclusions emerging from the studies have given the evidence of the low degree of the Malagasy local actors'involvement in the resources management in spite of their dependence upon it. Besides, empirical results have also shown that all policies are not yet efficient enough
Pascal, Benjamin. "DE LA « TERRE DES ANCÊTRES » AUX TERRITOIRES DES VIVANTS : Les enjeux locaux de la gouvernance sur le littoral sud-ouest de Madagascar." Phd thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0009.
Full textFollowing in-depth rethinking of the renewable resources management, local governance is now the subject of growing interest among the administration and scientific communities. Our study tackles this wide issue, in particular by using empirical data collected on the southwestern Malagasy coast. Detached from the prescriptive aspects (through the notion of “good governance”), we see that this concept covers a particularly interesting analytical dimension. This involves considering the dynamic processes of elaboration and interaction that are established between several types of actors and institutions involved in the management and use of the same space. In view of the complexity of these processes, I will then explore the links between local governance and territoriality of the actors. Locally, the effects of the exogenous interventions are then analysed from the angle of territorial dynamics
LOCATELLI, Bruno. "Pression démographique et construction du paysage rural des tropiques humides l'exemple de Mananara (Madagascar)." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005769.
Full textLe tableau dressé par ces textes présente des forêts brûlées par des populations en accroissement rapide : les forêts tropicales humides de l'est de Madagascar qui regorgent de richesses naturelles partent en fumée, en particulier à cause des paysans pratiquant la riziculture sur brûlis (essartage). Cette activité consiste à défricher et à brûler une parcelle de forêt pour cultiver du riz pluvial pendant un ou deux ans, avant que le terrain soit abandonné et que l'agriculteur parte brûler ailleurs.
Les mêmes textes avancent que, dans un contexte de grande pauvreté, des agriculteurs de plus en plus nombreux ne survivent que par l'essartage. La pauvreté et l'incapacité des agriculteurs face à la situation gênent le développement d'alternatives à l'essartage, comme la riziculture irriguée. Avec la croissance démographique, les durées des jachères diminuent, les sols s'épuisent et l'érosion s'aggrave. Telle est la vision de la côte est de Madagascar propagée par certains écrits.
Notre découverte de la région de Mananara à Madagascar a bouleversé la vision à priori donnée par ces textes. Les collines n'étaient pas dénudées mais étaient couvertes par de grandes étendues d'arbres plantés (des girofliers et des caféiers). La transparence de l'eau des rivières dénotait un transport de sédiments et une érosion assez faibles. Outre les bas-fonds entièrement aménagés en rizières, des terrasses rizicoles étaient visibles sur les collines et des techniques originales de riziculture étaient appliquées. Leur présence contrastait nettement avec les discours sur l'absence d'alternatives à l'essartage.
Un autre fait marquant de l'observation de la région de Mananara est lié à la densité de population. Alors que l'accroissement démographique est considéré comme un fléau dans certains discours sur l'environnement, nous avons découvert que les zones les plus peuplées sont celles où les paysages ressemblent le moins aux visions catastrophiques.
Cette confrontation entre différentes lectures des paysages nous a conduit à vouloir étudier la dynamique du paysage. En supposant que la démographie joue un rôle dans la construction du paysage, une question émerge : quel est ce rôle ?
L'hypothèse est que les actions des agriculteurs, bâtisseurs du paysage, dépendent de la situation dans laquelle ils évoluent et qu'il existe des facteurs expliquant la construction du paysage. La situation économique locale, comme les prix des produits agricoles ou l'enclavement, a probablement une influence sur les paysages, de même que les politiques foncières ou forestières. Peut-on mettre en évidence des relations entre la construction du paysage et le contexte ? Plus généralement, quel est le rôle de la démographie et du contexte politique, économique ou social dans la dynamique environnementale ? Le contexte est défini comme l'ensemble des facteurs exogènes à un décideur qui influencent sa décision. Il comprend à la fois les facteurs exogènes à un groupe social qui influencent les décisions individuelles (les lois, les prix, le marché du travail,) et les facteurs qui régissent les interactions entre les individus au sein du groupe (les relations sociales, les règles d'actions collectives,).
A partir de cette observation de terrain et des interrogations qui l'ont suivie, une question spécifique de recherche s'est progressivement construite. Après un aperçu des théories relatives aux relations entre population et environnement, la formation de la question de recherche sera présentée. Elle concerne le rôle de la démographie et du contexte économique, politique ou social dans la construction des paysages ruraux et s'applique à la région de Mananara. Nous voulons montrer que l'évolution démographique est un moteur de la construction du paysage et que le contexte oriente cette construction.
L'application de la question de recherche au terrain a conduit au développement d'un itinéraire méthodologique à plusieurs échelles. Des résultats de terrain seront présentés. Enfin, une comparaison avec d'autres sites et une réflexion sur la méthode seront proposées.
Favard, Pascal. "Exploitation optimale d'un ensemble de ressources naturelles." Toulouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10004.
Full textIn this dissertation, we propose to study the optimal exploitation of a set of natural resources, considering that this exploitation is generally a problem of simultaneous management of renewable resources (flow) and non renewable ones (stocks). To do so, we consider a general equilibrium framework where the population has to make trade off at each moment between the quantity of resources consumed and the quantity of leisure. The average work time necessary to extract a resource is supposed constant, although specify to each resource. In the first chapter, we study the case where a plentiful flow is available. We show that it is never optimal to consume the stocks sequentially by increasing cost order. For a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume more then two resources simultaneously, and the path of consumption-leisure couples is largely indeterminate. In the second chapter, the flow is considered scarce. The results established in the first chapter still hold. Moreover, for a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume the flow before beginning to exploit a stock, even a less costly one in terms of access cost. In the third chapter, unlike previously, we consider a growing population size. There instantaneous utility per capita can grow when the population grows for certain stock levels. Moreover, if society can spare some resource by stocking part of flow, the stock can be valuable as a reservoir
Singla, Laure. "L'approche juridique contemporaine de la gestion des ressources naturelles mondiales." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0019/document.
Full textThe conquest of space since the fifteenth century allowed the recognition of the principle of sovereignty of States over their natural resources. The XXI century is facing the depletion of global fossil natural resources and the pursuit of new. Tensionsaround the world present management of natural resources posed the finding of a weak legal regulation, and the idea of adopting other governance based on a new mode of management. The other approach, intergenerational would be based on a reasoned management in the sense of rational, balanced and adapted endemic systems. But this shift puts the issue of the management of global natural resources at the heart of intergenerational priorities. The XXI century then allows to reflect on the legal recognition of the principle of interdependence between Man and Nature. But this legal thinking isa contrario of public policies and traditional management methods. Europe has initiated an effective response. France followed by the adoption of the charter of the environment, the laws say Grenelle I and II, the Law on energy transition. SomeAndean States have included this principle in their constitutions. The contemporary legal approach to the management of global natural resources and returns to other modes of governance and to notions of endemic areas of common public interest. Global environmental legal issues while based on new proactive security policies, strengthening existing ties of cooperation to face the multiplicity of sources of authority and power
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textGagnon, Pierre-Luc, and Pierre-Luc Gagnon. "La transition institutionnelle vers la durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles au Canada : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23667.
Full textLa croissance économique s’est appuyée, depuis l’ère industrielle, sur un fort apport en ressources naturelles. Si la plupart des pays industrialisés opèrent désormais dans une économie davantage axée sur la technologie et les services, il n’en demeure pas moins que le milieu naturel demeure soumis à un ensemble de pressions provenant du commerce des ressources naturelles, de la pollution, de la croissance de la population humaine, de la désintégration des grands écosystèmes ainsi que de la précarisation de la biodiversité. La montée en puissance de groupes environnementaux et le soutien public que ceux-ci ont su mobiliser pour la protection de l’environnement ont favorisé la mise à l’agenda politique d’une gestion étatique de l’environnement axée sur la durabilité. La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’intégration de critères de durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles. À cet égard, la thèse adopte un cadre analytique fondé sur deux axes. Les changements institutionnels s’appuyant sur les règles formelles forment le premier axe. Le deuxième axe s’articule autour de la gestion même des ressources naturelles, c’est-à-dire des modes de gestion traditionnelle, scientifique, adaptative et écosystémique. Après avoir situé la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles dans le cadre fédéral canadien, la thèse effectue une analyse de l’intégration des critères de gestion écosystémique aux règles formelles encadrant la gestion des ressources naturelles aux paliers fédéral et québécois. La thèse conclut en spécifiant que les processus de développement durable institutionnalisés aux deux paliers de gouvernement n’ont pas mené à l’adoption d’un cadre cohérent de gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles. De plus, un ensemble de manquements aux deux paliers de gouvernement en ce qui concerne la gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles ont été observés, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le suivi et le contrôle des ressources.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Marin, Valérie. "La gestion d'une ressource renouvelable : application aux pêcheries." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020051.
Full textFrancois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Full textBontianti, Abdou. "La gestion des ressources naturelles au Niger : l'imbroglio des politiques publiques." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30013.
Full textRakotovao, Heriniaina Andriananja. "Gouvernance des ressources forestières et aide à la délibération : le cas de la gestion forestière de Manjakatompo." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS022S.
Full textWe argue here that participatory self-governance is a necessary solution to conserve forests in Madagascar and look towards sustainable local development, under certain conditions. One is the existence of a social learning system that provides opportunities for stakeholders to share their experience in a communication process. Last assessment of decentralization of resource management in Madagascar shows that stakeholders lack communication and local communities are weakly organised. This brings us to propose knowledge mediation so as to strengthen actors’ abilities to craft collective action. In this context, we explore the relevance and the limits of deliberative approach in terms of forestry governance through an experimentation of a deliberation support tool called the “deliberation matrix” in Manjakatompo, one region located at 85 km in southern of malagasy capital. It is a multistakeholders multi-criteria appraisal tool of a set of scenarios which aims to guide the stakeholders in governance of their commons resources
Torri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Job, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Full textLe, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Full textDe, Sa Louis Charles. "La mondialisation des ressources naturelles et les conditions de sa réalisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20012.
Full textThis work is divided in three parts : II) globalization and structural transformations in production this part analyses the phenomenon of globalization and the transformations of the industrial system in the old countries, their links with the row materials and their evolution in the time. Ch. L - globalization and the manufacture transformation Ch. 2 - renewal of the industrial structures in the old developed countries II) the necessity of a durable development or the ways to integrate economy and society this part study the sustained development analyzing the problems of economic and population growth after 1900, makes an inventory in row materials, overall energetic, and analyses the new problem posed by the pollution. Ch. L - growth analyses in occident after xix century Ch. 2 - the problem posed by the world population Ch. 3 - the geo-economic disponibilities of natural resources Ch. 4 - the pollution or a new break in growth III) the requirements of the economic rentability this part is a reexamination of the economic theory of natural resources under constraint of natural growth, the perfect and controlled markets and the problem of stability of prices and money. Ch. 1 - basic methods utilized in economic studies Ch. 2 - the relationships between a flux economics (renewable resources) and a stock economics (nonrenewable resources) Ch. 3 - trade importance and prices behavior of row materials Ch. 4 - the consideration of natural resources inside the function
Chamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Full textThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Abuhmaira, Enas. "Le régime juridique des ressources naturelles fluides souterraines communes." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT3012.
Full textWater, petroleum and natural gas, which represents a significant proportion of the natural ressources of a state are, either a source of conflict or a potential for cooperation and solidarity. Very frequently, these three vital and strategic resources are divided between many states which use them, in most cases independantly. On one hand, inadequetely controlled use these ressources lead in many cases to problems of overuse and pollution thatengender risks of crisis and conflicts between states. On the other hand, the need to protect these resources must put in place a rational management. .
Castillo, Brieva Daniel. "Arrangements institutionnels et modèles mentaux dans la gestion des ressources en bien commun." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100022.
Full textGauthier, Caroline. "Évaluation économique des ressources naturelles, le cas particulier de la biodiversité : application de la méthode contingente au site des forêts de la Garonne." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10073.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is the valuation of the biodiversity preservation benefits. This valuation is recommended by the objectives of the Rio convention on biodiversity. The "good" to value is complex, non-familiar to the public and no valuation method from real markets is nowadays relevant. The main question is to know whether a valuation method from simulated markets, or contingent valuation method, permits a significant revelation of these benefits. Our research contains three parts. The first part (chapter 1) proposes a reflexion on the biodiversity concept. Diverse definitions of this concept are available. We compare these different definitions and the measures given by naturalists and economists to determine the elements in adequation with our final aim. The second part deals with the different valuation methods (chapter 2) and studies (chapter 3) of the biodiversity benefits. We recense and compare the valuation methods which the economists can use. The analysis of the different biodiversity valuation studies allows to show the exercise difficulties and to point out the problems to avoid in an empirical study. The third part is empirical. It describes the contingent valuation of a biodiversity preservation program of the Garonne river forests (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is to lead a study that takes into account every difficulty revealed in the first two parts. Such a procedure allows concluding on the current methods to significantly reveal biodiversity benefits. The results indicate that the annual average willingness to pay is 142. 76 francs per household we show that the conceptual problems of complexity and non-familiarity can be solved. But some methodological problems persist. We still have an importance bias. The presence of the importance bias means the non-revelation of the individual underlying preferences. The giving effect is also present. Therefore our willingness to pay result has to be carefully interpreted
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Lafforgue, Gilles. "Économie des ressources naturelles, du risque et de l' incertain : quatre essais." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10065.
Full textIn this report, we show how the introduction of random elements affects some natural resource management problems. Result crucially depend upon the own characteristics of the resource and the variables subject to uncertainty. Chapter 1 determines the optimal exploitation rule of a renewable resource with amenity values and whose dynamics is continuously disturbed by random fluctuations. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of global environmental risks such as natural disasters, on the optimal management of a renewable resource. Chapter 3 introduces the possibility of discovering a new deposit at a random date. In chapter 4, we show how a continuous exploration effort can relax the availability constraint of a non-renewable resource. We also investigate the possibility of the economy to reach a sustainable growth path if the impatience of society is balanced by the positive effects of new deposit discoveries
Bon, Emmanuel. "Le drame des communaux : appropriation publique, privée, commune ou accès libre aux espaces-ressources naturels indiens ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100157.
Full textIn addition to the 143 millions hectares of cultivated lande, 90 millions hectares of wastelands, pastures and forest - i. E. 30 % of the Indian territory - are de facto hold as common property resources (CPRs). The magnitude of CPRs atteste for thé résilience of longestablished management systems and customary institutions in India. However, thé régulation and control of appropriation rights of natural resources remains contested domains. Beyond thé vain debate between rationality of homo economicus versus irrationality of thé world peasantry, actual situation is a more or less open access to most uncultivated land and renewable resources that is prejudicial to both thé citizen, thé State and nature itself. Main objective is to address theoretical and practical issues related to thé management of renewable resources. Does common property resources a universal cause of environmental tragedy or a pragmatic solution to thé overexploitation of renewable resources in developing countries?
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Razafindrakoto, Tiana Eva. "Quel mécanisme de qualification pour les filières de valorisation de la biodiversité : l'exemple de la soie sauvage de la communauté rurale d'Arivonimamo, Madagascar?" Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS008S.
Full textThis thesis analyses the effect of the proximity of the actors in the economic valorization of the territories, the biodiversity and the patrimony, in a sustainable view. Moreover, we will analyze the role of the qualification of a biodiversity channel in the promotion of collective action dynamics, which underlies these strategies of territorial development. The results show that the management of the territory – by the means of tools for indication – could bring an elegant solution to the safeguarding of the biodiversity and socio-cultural and artisanal practices of the territories, while developing them on the market. Indication accounts to us for the relation existing between the productive system of the biodiversity channel and its territorial anchoring. The examination of the conditions of definition and mechanism installation of qualification adapted to the wild silk channel of Arivonimamo includes the “AOC” for the safeguard of the local practice, the “fair-trade labeling” for the improvement of the good being and the reduction of the poverty of the local actors and the silk- SPL at the rural District of Arivonimamo. Those local and private measures must be connected with a public political choice, for the sustainability of the mechanism. In addition, the requirements for the qualification of the wild silk products could be used as a basis for the step of qualification of the other biodiversity channels for Madagascar
Zafisoamalala, Claudiana. "Nouvelles dynamiques socioéconomiques crées par l'immigration liée à l'exploitation des ressources naturelles : le cas du Cap Est de Madagascar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB213.
Full textPoverty in Madagascar has implications in the field of social, economic, political and environmental. Thereby, over the last around twenty years, massive internal immigration has taken place and been observed due to the discovery and exploitation of new natural resources. This phenomenon spread out with reference to, on the one hand, the discovery of certain mining sites (for example Ilakaka in 1998) and, on the other hand, the explosion of the precious wood demand on the international market. On this second point, this thesis focuses on providing relevant information and reflection on immigration in the two rural communes and the city of Antalaha, which is one of the main areas in Madagascar well-known in owning and logging forest of precious wood. Even if the exploitation of precious woods has caused a very large migratory flow, these migrations have not always had the same characteristics over the time. The migratory phenomena observed in the different zones of activity present a wide variety of cases. The main factor bringing them together is the abundance of available resources, though the impact on socio-economical and ecological systems can be quite different from one area to another. Thanks to a research methodology and a field approach combined with a quantitative and qualitative methodological guidance, we will take as central problem of this thesis whether this immigration does or does not bring a local development in the zones of study
Ratsimbazafy, Claudine. "Contribution à l'études des aspects coontingents de la gestion des ressources humaines : le cas de Madagascar." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT4007.
Full textThe today's development of madagascar should depend on the priority given to private reason. As many articles point out, human resources management (hrm) problems are among the main causes of enterprises failures. This study has been focused on the practices in this field. More precisely, we have been interested in the impact of the contingencies factors on the hrm practices in order to get the effectiveness of the enterprise working in a specific cultural environment. This study is based on qualitative data collected from 38 malagasy enterprises. The results show significant relations between hrm practices and some variables such as identification, technology and effectiveness. Some effective contexts have been defined as well, while considering organzational and individual aspects
Ayong, Le Kama Alain. "Ressources environnementales et soutenabilité de la croissance." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010027.
Full textThe aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to analyze the link between economic growth and environment. We have tried to set a framework which can allow to build environmental policies that insure sustainability of economic growth in the long run. In the first part, we propose a study which supposes that the authorities in charge of environmental policies have a complete knowledge of the structure of natural phenomena technologies and current and future preferences. After a brief survey of the literature, we use a simple model to study conditions in which the economy can evolve along a win-win balanced growth path in the first chapter. In the second chapter, we provide an ethical study of the sustainability concept. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the relevance of the models studied before knowing that the main difficulty to come to a decision today in terms of environmental policy is due to our complete ignorance of its long-run consequences, we wonder on the effects of the introduction of environmental uncertainties on the decisions of the central planner. The third chapter analyses two types of environmental uncertainties one is about future generations preferences and the other is on the evolution of environmental resource's stock. At last, in the fourth chapter, we use a microeconomic approach to study the consumers behavior with environmental uncertainty
Barrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Full textThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Piazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Full textLages, Vinicius Nobre. "Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Full textEmperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la Caatinga du sud-est du Piaui, Brésil." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604885r.
Full textBrithmer, Ronald. "Approche écologique de la gestion des ressources naturelles sur le littoral : exemples de la Martinique." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30037.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the coast line of martinique. It's got two essential purposes. - in a first time to study the ecological parameters (ground, climate) which govern the installation of the different environments encountered on the coastline. - in a second time to make some proposals in order to manage the natural resources. So, this document in structured in four parts : - a report as an "inventory of fixtures" of the coastline of martinique. It develops the physical aspects as well as the human resources. - some technical uses of the ecological and above all clematic given informations in order to have a thematic cartograph y of the island and to clonclude a bioclimatic map of this department. - two concrete practices regarding the management of the naturel resources : an approach of the legislature concerning the surroundings of the coastline to be protected and the forestation of some cleaned areas from endermic vegetable species. - some perspective to manage and follow up the natural resources from the use of satellite pictures spot
Emperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la caatinga du sud-est du Piaui (Brésil)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066359.
Full textAvilés, Benitez Anastasia. "Gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles et proximité, le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21043.
Full textPronier, Olivier. "Analyse des peuplements ichtyologiques des plans d'eau français et perspectives de gestion piscicole." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT010A.
Full textOllivier, Timothée. "Capital naturel, developpement et durabilité à Madagascar et au Mozambique." Paris 9, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489553.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the role of natural capital in development strategies of African countries. In Part 1, we summarize what we know about the links between natural capital and development. Part 2 is devoted to natural capital as a whole, nationwide. The objective is to propose a framework for sustainability analysis. Through two case studies (Madagascar and Mozambique), we conclude on the need to measure the evolution of different stocks of capital from a country. We propose different extensions to this approach, the treatment of intangible capital in particular. In Part 3 we focus on the soil resource, at a finer scale. First, we propose different theoretical tracks for the economic analysis of soils. We enter into the complex functioning of this particular ecosystem. Then, we analyze the social profitability of an example of this capital investment in soil: agroecology in Lake Alaotra (Madagascar). We conclude with a perspective of the use of this work in the decision process
Gutierrez, Edgar. "Territoire, saisonnalité et gestion des ressources en Amazonie vénézuelienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0055.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis consiste en poner en evidencia cómo una comunidad amerindia arawako de la Amazonia venezolana se representa su medio y las prácticas que aplica en la gestión de los espacios y ecosistemas. Los datos reunidos en este trabajo, de carácter interdisciplinario, intentan responder a los distintos tipos de problemas que se plantean en la delimitación de un territorio indígena, en particular con relación a su construcción social. Para eso, esta memoria consagra una primera parte a presentar generalidades sobre el contexto geográfico, ecológico, histórico y cultural del oeste de la Amazonia venezolana donde esta establecida la comunidad autóctona que fue objeto de nuestro estudio. Luego, presenta un cuadro general de vida de los habitantes de La Comunidad, discutiendo brevemente de su pertenencia étnica y los distintos tipos de responsabilidad en la vida social. Su vida religiosa se abordó también, en la medida en que ésta tiene una incidencia sobre la gestión de los recursos naturales. Diversas variables culturales se combinan en la representación que los habitantes se hacen de su territorio y el conocimiento que tienen de éste. En primer lugar, se compiló datos históricos sobre la ocupación del espacio por los habitantes de La Comunidad. Luego se expone la influencia de las variaciones espacio-temporales de los factores hídricos y climáticos sobre el carácter estacional de la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de los recursos florísticos y faunísticos, asi como su relación con las actividades productivas. Presentamos a continuación las distintas categorías ecológicas reconocidas por los habitantes en su medio, en relación con la utilización del territorio. Luego se examina la forma en que los habitantes de La Comunidad se representan su territorio y tienen en cuenta las relaciones con los seres espirituales. Por último, se examina el resultado de la representación que se hacen de su territorio, sobre la base de la combinación de todos esos elementos, que conjugan observaciones e imaginario. Terminaremos por una exposición sobre el análisis de distintos derechos de propiedad, de derechos de uso y de modalidades de apropiación del territorio y los recursos, respecto a derechos expresados por la legislación del Estado venezolano. Los dos últimos capítulos se consagran a generalidades sobre la alimentación para, a continuación, examinar en detalle su relación con las distintas prácticas vinculadas a la utilización del medio: la agricultura, la pesca, la caza y la recolección. La conclusión destaca la dificultad de las poblaciones indígenas para hacer corresponder lo mejor posible sus representaciones del territorio que reivindican, donde rigen normas precisas de acceso, con una lógica del Estado venezolano que les es extranjera. La presión exterior sobre su mundo cultural les lleva actualmente a reducir el espacio de producción y extracción de los recursos alimentarios y, por lo tanto, la durabilidad de la agricultura y la transmisión de sus conocimientos, exceptuando los espacios sujetos a la influencia de los seres espirituales
The purpose of this thesis is to show how an Amerindian Arawakan community of the Venezuelan Amazon basin represents itself its environment and the practices that it applies for the management of the spaces and the ecosystems. The data showed in this interdisciplinary work, is an attempt to answer the different questions posed about the delimitation of indigenous people's territories, particularly related to its social structure. The first part of this memory presents an overview of the geographic, historical and cultural context of the west Amazon Venezuelan basin, where the autochthon community object of our research inhabits. Then, a general table of life about the inhabitants of La Comunidad is presented, discussing briefly their ethnic identity and the different types of membership's responsibilities in the social life. Their religious life have been analysed as long as it affects the natural resources management. Several cultural variables are combined in the form the inhabitants use to present their territory and knowledge they have of it. Firstly, we gathered historical data on the occupation of space by the inhabitants of La Comunidad. Then we expose the influence of the space-time variations of the hydrous and climatic factors on of the qualitative and quantitative availabilities of the floristic and animal resources and their relationship to the productive activities. Then, we present the various ecological categories recognized by the inhabitants in their environment related to the use of the territory. Afterwards, we examine the way the inhabitants of La Comunidad represent their territory and take into account the relations with the spiritual beings. Finally, we review the results of the representation they made of their territory, based on the combination of all these elements, conjugating observations and imaginary. We will finish exposing the analysis of the property rights, and the methods of appropriation of the territory and the resources, compared to the rights expressed by the legislation of the Venezuelan Administration. The two final chapters are dedicated to general information related to the food, in order to examine in detail its relationship with the different practices linked to the use of the medium: agriculture, fishing, hunting, and the gathering. The conclusion emphasizes the difficulty of the indigenous populations trying to link, in the best possible way, their representations of their territory, to the precise access rules asserted by the administrative logic of the State, which is foreign for them. This external pressure over their cultural world currently leads them to reduce the space of production and extraction of the alimentary resources and, consequently, the durability of agriculture and transmission of their knowledge, excepting the spaces subjected to the influence of the spiritual beings
Foufou, Ammar. "La gestion paysanne des ressources naturelles dans le Bas-Sahara algérien : cas de Ouargla et Biskra." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30022.
Full textBiskra and Ouargla are two sub-units which are home of the Bas-Sahara, where the economy and the population are soaring. They are characterized by the coexistence of two forms of agricultural production in different ways and factors of production available, one capitalist and another one traditional and suburban. The traditional form is facing a difficult, economic, social, hydrological and agricultural reality. Its current operation is subject to secular’s peasant’s rules and methods, but has difficulty to the two speeds socio-economic change. The management of agricultural space in the two sub-assemblies can not be dissociated from the regional or local level, because natural resources are unevenly distributed. The rural population is made up of family and composed. Agricultural land is a fundamental element of their attachment to their space. Its operation is subject to specific methods of a sahara’s peasant. The management of water as a valuable natural resource in such an area is subject to rules and methods based on equity, solidarity and discipline. The external links of this space are first based, on the relationship between themselves as producers, the market for the marketing and supply, market and professional bodies. Relations peasant-farmer, farmers' market and farm-workers are much stronger than that maintained with the State, as a player in the functioning of this area consists mainly of intensive and often aging, especially in Ouargla. These farms are not immune to the biotic and abiotic threats, which jeopardizes their sustainability over time, although some farmers show their determination to go far in their investment and their expansion, if conditions are favorable. This determination leaves some hope for the traditional survive longer
Sarr, Mamadou. "Étude critique d'un thème d'éducation relative à l'environnement : l'utilisation rationnelle et la gestion des ressources naturelles." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077221.
Full textFache, Élodie. "Impérialisme écologique ou développement ? : Les acteurs de la gestion des ressources naturelles à Ngukurr en Australie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3037.
Full textIn Northern Australia, a new category of Indigenous social actors emerged in the 1990s: “rangers”. Their jobs and programmes are based on the professionalization and formalization of “traditional” responsibilities for the land and sea. They are presented as natural resource management and biodiversity conservation mechanisms controlled by Indigenous communities and as a basis for local “development”.This thesis proposes a critical view of the ranger system, starting from the following question: is this system a form of “ecological imperialism”? The ethnography (2009-2010) of the social interactions at work in the activities of the Ngukurr community's ranger group (Arnhem Land, Northern Territory) is combined with a contextualization and an analysis linking local, regional and national levels with the international discourse.The ranger system reflects various endogenous and exogenous logics that go beyond its stated aims of environmental and socioeconomic resilience. It is based on complex power relations and negotiations between the different actors involved (including the Australian State), between “traditional ecological knowledge” and science, and between local and bureaucratic social relationships. This study reveals the bureaucratization process and the many external interventions and ambivalences inherent in this system which (re)produces social distinctions and tensions. It also highlights the mediator or broker role played by the rangers as well as the ambiguous position of the researcher in such a context
Magné, Bertrand. "Changement climatique et ordre optimal d'exploitation des ressources." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10069.
Full textWe study the origin of carbon emissions which lead to climate change, owing to the theory of natural resource management. Our simulations of the energy market show that in the long run, alternative energy sources, such as solar and nuclear, progressively substitute to fossil sources under reasonable cost decrease assumptions. We analyze the order of exploitation of a fossil resource and its clean substitute when the pollution accumulation is capped. New simulations emphasize the benefits of the early adoption of a cheap substitute. The pollution abatement reduces appreciably the externality cost of climate change. We finally model the nuclear fuel cycle linking the flows and stocks of fissil materials that supply a nuclear fleet. We exhibit the need for fast breeder reactors if uranium ore and nuclear technology are to be used massively in order to mitigate climate change
Chaussée, François. "La mer de Barents et ses rivages : de l'exploitation d'un espace à la préservation d'un territoire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3005.
Full textThe Barents Sea is today mostly known for its environmental problems due to nuclear contamination. However, the study of this northern maritim system (sea and coastlines) situated beyond 70. North and which spans more than 10 degrees of latitude, is clearly more complex and can not be restricted to the legitimate ecological broadcasted by the western media. With this latitude, this geographical sytem can be qualified of exceptional because of its physical and climatic characteristics for this latitude. Its incredible ecosystem and geology, gifts of nature, makes the Barents Sea a sea plenty in resources. This geographical margin is occupied by man in a complex and heteogeneous way. Some used to ponctually draw some of its resources. But little by little, exogenous powers started to corner the place which made it a rim. . The geographic rim was put in the heart of global and regional strategic issues
From its rim status, the region slightly became periphery status, with all that created in terms of dependence, when the different exogenous actors started to massively exploit the important resources. This semantic slide from the concept of margin to rim, then to periphery, takes place in a long and complex process. A diachronic analysis focused on a territorial systemogenesis allows us to better understand this area and defines the different historical pulsations that assaulted the region. The result of this was a terrible race towards confrontation and fragmentation. Our thesis is ambitious. It consists to affirm that we are witnessing a territorial recomposition the birth of a more coherent and homogenous territory. Indeed, there is today two distinct geographical objects, one Russian and one Norwegian, but the geopolitical ambitions of all kinds are great to bring a new territory. The emergence of a new territory, comes firstly by creating tools and integrated global management, for which all spheres of society must be taken into account. Norway has played in this area a leading role
Brou, Ettien. "Gouvernance des ressources naturelles : contribution méthodologique d'une démarche multicritère à composante délibérative : application au projet de définition du plan de gestion des marais côtiers Tanoé Ehy." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS019S.
Full textRural communauties, entrepreneurs, Technical departments, ecologist movements etc. , how to find an agreement when it’s necessary to develop a policy guiding the management of natural resources in sustainable context? This question presupposes the implementation of methods, techniques and tools which should help to structure relationship between the different actors and their respective complex value systems. The INTEGRAALTM approach of multi-criteria and deliberative assessment includes a set of tools for a comprehensive, functional and interactive analysis. It should help to structure and analyze stakeholders' preferences in participatory decision-making process. Throughout present thesis, we analyze its contributions for managing common pool resources in rural territories. An application is dedicated to the problem of collective choice in Tanoé-Ehy’s coastal swamps management project (Côte d’Ivoire)