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Academic literature on the topic 'Restes de supernova – Spectre'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restes de supernova – Spectre"
Moumen, Ismaël. "Nouvelle appoche pour la détermination d'indice spectral des restes de supernova." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23825.
Full textMoumen, Ismaël. "NOUVELLE APPROCHE POUR LA DÉTERMINATION D'INDICE SPECTRAL DES RESTES DE SUPERNOVA." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29375/29375.pdf.
Full textDevin, Justine. "Études spectro-morphologiques et multi-longueurs d'onde des vestiges de supernova en gamma et autres sources au TeV." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS050/document.
Full textIn high energy astrophysics, several questions are still open and amongst them is the origin of Galactic cosmic rays. The first observational evidence of accelerated particles has only been revealed twenty years ago. Since then, supernova remnants, pulsars and their nebulae are known to efficiently accelerate particles but several questions still hold. In particular, evidence of accelerated protons (which consist on 90% of the cosmic-ray spectrum) is still elusive and several gamma-ray sources have unknown origin. Non-thermal emissions produced in Galactic accelerators provide insights about the nature of the accelerated particles. In particular, while radio and X-ray observations indicate the presence of accelerated electrons, gamma rays can be produced by both electrons and protons (or nuclei in general) but it may be difficult to assess the origin of the emission.The technical part of this thesis concerns the study of the impact on the reconstructed H.E.S.S. data when using atmospheric profiles measured with a lidar instead of a standard atmospheric model currently used. Very high energy gamma rays propagate into the atmosphere before reaching Cherenkov Telescopes and thus, the accuracy of our measurements depends on our understanding of the atmospheric composition. Using run-wise simulations based on lidar data, we study the impact on the instrument response functions and we analyse data to quantify the effect on the spectral reconstruction.The first scientific goal of this thesis is to understand the gamma-ray emission from two supernova remnants (G326.3-1.8 et RX J1713-3946) through detailed spectro-morphological analyses. The analysis of the composite supernova remnant G326.3-1.8, with Fermi-LAT data, has led to two major results: a new evidence of accelerated protons and the first morphological and spectral separation in gamma rays of two nested components. The study of RX J1713-3946, with H.E.S.S. data and using the Ctools package, confirms a significant gamma-ray extension beyond the X-ray emitting shell but its origin remains unclear.The second part of this thesis aims to constrain the nature of the unidentified TeV sources revealed in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey. We thus present a generic code, based on a multi-wavelength approach, to find counterparts and estimate physical parameters like the radio spectral index and the mean magnetic field. We apply this code on five unidentified TeV sources and we put constraints on their nature. In particular, we present two high-confusion cases, for which the TeV emission is probably due to the contribution from different components, emphasizing the importance of multi-wavelength data to understand the origin of the gamma-ray emission
Jouvin, Lea. "Le centre Galactique aux très hautes énergies : modélisation de l’émission diffuse et premiers éléments d’analyse spectro-morphologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC213/document.
Full textThe Galactic center (GC) is a very rich and complex astrophysical region. The high supernovae (SN) rate associated with the strong massive star formation should create a sustained cosmic rays (CR) injection in the GC via the shocks they produce. This region also harbors a Super-Massive Black Hole (SMBH) of $4 \times 10^6 \, \rm{M_{\odot}}$, named Sgr A*. Since it has been argued that the SMBH might also accelerate particles up to very high energies (VHE), its current and past activity could contribute to the CR population. In 2006, the H.E.S.S. collaboration revealed the presence of a VHE diffuse emission in the inner 100 pc of the Galaxy in close correlation with the molecular matter spread in the central molecular zone (CMZ). A major part of this emission is thus certainly of hadronic origin but it still remains mysterious. We report a new detailed spectral and morphological analysis of this region using 10 years of H.E.S.S. observations as well as a detailed modelling of the $\gamma$-ray emission induced by the SNe. We study the impact of the spatial and temporal distribution of SNe in the CMZ on the VHE emission morphology and spectrum: we built a 3D model of VHE CR injection and diffusive propagation with a realistic gas distribution. The contribution of SNe can not be neglected. We show that a peaked $\gamma$-ray profile and CR excess towards the GC, can be obtained using realistic SN spatial distribution taking into account the central massive star clusters. A strong dependence on the morphology of the emission with the energy is expected in this scenario. The CR density profile can also be reproduced by a unique stationary injection at the center by Sgr A* but it implies a stable morphology across the energy range. To distinguish the models, we need a 3D analysis. We present the first results of this analysis that we started to design in the software Gammapy to simultaneously fit a spectral and morphological model to the data. The observations of complex morphological regions with diffuse emission or multiple sources will become more and more numerous with the next generation instruments such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array. They will also require the development of this technique. We detail the first validations of this method on point sources using a Monte Carlo tool. For the ridge emission, we report the new spectrum using a method that we developed for the classical spectral fitting necessary for faint emission. By using new spatial templates to describe the complexity of the diffuse emission, we perform a morphological analysis in different energy bands independently. No significant variation is found but more observations are needed to give a conclusive statement as well as a real 3D analysis in the GC region. The observations of CTA will allow to give precise answers to these questions
Rolland, Loïc. "Etalonnage des caméras de l'expérience d'astronomie γ H. E. S. S. Et observations du Centre Galactique au-delà de 100 GeV." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066106.
Full textTerrier, Régis. "Calorimétrie et recherche de sources en astronomie gamma spatiale." Paris 7, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002636.
Full textMinière, Julien. "Etude de l'instabilité de Vishniac et régime radiatif des restes de supernova." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095163.
Full textSupernova remnants (SNR) expand in the interstellar medium (ISM) during few tens of thousands, over distances of many parsecs. They present complex structures during their late phases (Sedov and radiative phase). The instability of Vishniac (V. I. ) is supposed to explain the emergence of these structures. The objective of this work is to study the development of the V. I. , and to clarify the conditions to its growth. Two analytical studies based on previous works, determine the theoretical relations of dispersion for SNR expanding in the Sedov phase. We have considered two different models : a first one in which the SNR is modeled by a thin shell containing a very hot and low-density gas, and a second one in which the hydrodynamic flow is overall studied. These two approaches lead to the conclusion that the V. I. Should develop during the radiative phase of the SNR rather than in the Sedov phase. The radiative hydrodynamic code HADES is used with multiprocessors in order to perform numerical study of SNR evolution undergoing a perturbation of eigen model l. We follow the mechanism of the V. I. Triggering. We confront analytical results with numerical ones and we confirm the analytical dispersion relations in the Sedov phase. Then the effects of the radiative losses on the SNR dynamics are described, and a law about the self-similar evolution of the radius of the SNR is established. Finally, the development of the V. I. In radiative phase is simulated. We then show that the V. I. Can grow in the radiative phase, and we observe the development of a perturbation of eigen mode l’ twice the initial one we introduced : l’=2l
Cassam-Chenaï, Gamil. "Modélisation des restes de supernova observé en rayons X par le satellite européen XMM-Newton." Observatoire de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004OBSP0112.
Full textGintrand, Antoine. "Modélisation analytique et numérique de l'évolution des restes de supernova en phase radiative." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO012.
Full textAt the end of a massive (typically more than 5 to 6 solar masses) star life, the star becomes a supernova. After the explosion, the strong shock begins to propagate with the ejecta of the star in the circumstellar medium and later in the interstellar medium (ISM). This object is called a supernova remnant (SNR). During its expansion, the SNR accumulates matter behind the shock front to form a shell. Theory describes three stages of the SNR. The first stage corresponds to a ballistic expansion with a radius R of the SNR proportional to its age t. In the second stage, called the Sedov-Taylor (ST) regime, the evolution is adiabatic (energy conservation) and R increases like R(t) ∝ t^2⁄5 . In this PhD thesis, we present an analytical and numerical modeling of the SNR evolution in its third stage (radiative late stage) where the energy is not anymore conserved. The remnant loses its energy by radiative emission processes or by ionisation of the ISM. In this last stage, the radius is given by R(t) ∝ t^n where the exponant n satisfies 1/4 < n < 2/5. First, we study the structure of the shock which ionizes the ISM and show that the compression ratio can become high (of the order of 40 compared to 4 for a adiabatic shock in a monoatomic gas). Indeed, a portion of the shock energy is used to ionize the gas and is no longer available to heat the postshock medium, so the gas will be compressed. Then, we apply this property to the modeling of a SNR in late stage and show that the SNR shell can become dense and thin. In a second part, we perform the self-similar analysis of a SNR where energy losses are described by a spatially uniform cooling function. This study demonstrates that there are two types of hydrodynamic solutions : ST-type solutions which are smooth up to the center of the remnant and shell-type solutions where the shell is bounded by a contact discontinuity that separates it from the hot and rarefied interior (bubble) of the SNR. Also, we show that the shell becomes dense and thin when the energy loss is strong enough. Finally, we complete the study of the transition to the radiative stage of the SNR for more realistic radiative losses using the numerical simulation. We show that although the formation process of the thin and dense shell is complex (catastrophic cooling of Falle and secondary shocks), the evolution of SNR in the radiative stage shares common properties for a wide variety of cooling functions. In particular, we show that in almost every cases the SNR radius follows the law R(t) ∝ t^n where n is close to 2/7. This behavior is constistent with theory, because this value has been found previously by other autors and we highlight it also in our self-similar analysis
Ladouceur, Yvan. "Nouvelles perspectives sur le reste de supernova G78.2 + 2.1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25055/25055.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Restes de supernova – Spectre"
1966-, Camilo Fernando, and Gaensler Bryan M, eds. Young neutron stars and their environments: Proceedings of the 218th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union held during the IAU General Assembly XXV, Sydney, Australia, 14-17 July 2003. San Francisco, Calif: Published on behalf of the International Astronomical Union by Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2004.
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