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Lyu, H., L. Miao, D. Jiao, and Q. Zhong. "THE DESIGN OF SCALABLE WEB GIS MICROSERVICE FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-5/W1-2023 (May 23, 2023): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-5-w1-2023-45-2023.
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Abstract. As an interdisciplinary integration of GIS theory and network technology, Web GIS is of great significance for the comprehensive development of students’ GIS capability. Therefore, this paper targets undergraduate GIS education and presents a novel approach to designing a scalable Web GIS microservices framework, which consists of three essential components: scalable Web GIS microservices using RESTful APIs, scalable geographic data source provider using PostGIS, and scalable Web mapping and symbolization using JavaScript. In the GIS practice, students are expected to utilize Python, PostGIS, and JavaScript programming languages to develop RESTful microservice APIs, access geographic data, and perform mapping and symbolization using Web browser. Furthermore, they are encouraged to adjust the workload of GIS spatial analysis and algorithms based on the needs of the development environment, and implement different GIS applications. Ultimately, by guiding students to use this framework and participate in GIS practice, the aim of improving their GIS capability is achieved. The experimental results show that through the design and practice of the scalable Web GIS microservices framework, the relevant contents of Web GIS, GIS Software Development, GIS Principle, GIS Algorithm, and GeoDatabase courses are integrated. Students participate in GIS practice in various forms, such as open experiments, innovation projects, and professional competitions, which enhance their GIS capability at the undergraduate level and achieve favorable results.
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Senduk, Fransiscus Xaverius, Xaverius B. N. Najoan, and Sherwin R. U. A. Sompie. "Pengembangan Arsitektur Microservices dengan RESTful API Gateway menggunakan Backend-for-frontend Pattern pada Portal Akademik Perguruan Tinggi." Jurnal Teknik Informatika 18, no. 1 (2023): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/jti.v18i1.50402.
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Abstract — Applications are typically built with a monolithic architecture, where all application components are combined into a single, indivisible application. As the monolithic application is further updated and developed, the drawbacks of this monolithic architecture begin to outweigh its benefits. At this time, the INSPIRE UNSRAT Portal still uses a monolithic architecture, hence further development will bring about the drawbacks of this architecture. Based on these issues, this study was conducted with the aim of developing a microservices architecture with a RESTful API Gateway using the Backend-for-frontend pattern, using the INSPIRE UNSRAT Portal application as a case study. The software development method used is Scrum, therefore it was carried out in collaboration with three other researchers in the fields of project management, mobile applications, and testing. This research succeeded in designing and creating a microservices architecture that includes 8 services and 39 endpoints, accelerating the development process, and allowing for improved service quality on mobile devices. Key words — Academic; Microservices; Portal; RESTful API; Abstrak — Pada umumnya aplikasi dibangun dengan arsitektur monolith dimana semua komponen aplikasi dikombinasikan menjadi satu aplikasi tunggal yang tidak terbagi-bagi. Setelah aplikasi monolitik tersebut diperbarui dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut, kerugian dari arsitektur monolith ini akan mulai melampaui manfaat yang ditawarkannya. Pada saat ini, Portal INSPIRE UNSRAT masih menggunakan arsitektur monolith sehingga pada pengembangan lebih lanjut akan timbul kerugian dari arsitektur ini. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dibuatlah penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan arsitektur microservices dengan RESTful API Gateway menggunakan Backend-for-frontend pattern dengan mengambil studi kasus pada aplikasi Portal INSPIRE UNSRAT. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah Scrum sehingga dikerjakan bersama dengan tiga peneliti lain di bidang manajemen proyek, aplikasi mobile, dan pengujian. Penelitian ini berhasil merancang dan membuat arsitektur microservices yang di dalamnya terdapat 8 service dan 39 endpoint, mempercepat proses pengembangan, dan memungkinkan kualitas layanan yang ditingkatkan pada perangkat mobile. Kata kunci — Akademik; Microservices; Portal; RESTful API;
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Bhosale, Pradeep. "Implementing Secure and Scalable APIs in Java Spring Boot: RESTful vs. GraphQL Services." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 01 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem11316.
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As modern web applications continue to evolve, secure and scalable APIs have become essential building blocks for dynamic, data-driven platforms. Java Spring Boot, renowned for its developer-friendly approach and extensive ecosystem serves as a common foundation for implementing microservice APIs. Two prominent architectural styles, RESTful and GraphQL, each offer distinct approaches to request handling, data fetching, and schema management in a microservices or distributed environment. This paper presents an extensive study of REST vs. GraphQL for developing secure and scalable APIs in Spring Boot, focusing on performance, data modeling, ease of adoption, and real-world pitfalls. We examine security best practices covering authentication, authorization, and data encryption while highlighting scaling techniques such as load balancing, container orchestration, and caching. Through diagrams, code snippets, and references to real-world scenarios, we provide a practical guide for architects and developers aiming to choose the right approach. In doing so, we also discuss known anti-patterns that undermine security or hamper throughput, and propose best practices to ensure robust, future-proof APIs. Keywords Java Spring Boot, REST, GraphQL, Microservices, Security, Scalability, API Design, Authentication, Authorization, Cloud-Native
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Arif Setiadi, Rizki, Bambang Purnomosidi, Widyastuti Andriyani Andriyani, and Sri Rezeki Candra Nursari. "Microservices Architecture in Point of Sales Application Based on Restful API and Webhook." Journal of Intelligent Software Systems 3, no. 1 (2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26798/jiss.v3i1.1336.
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Layanan mikro adalah kumpulan proses kecil dan independen yang berkomunikasi dengan satu sama lain untuk membuat aplikasi kompleks yang tidak bergantung pada bahasa API tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis berupaya mengimplementasikan Microservices Architecture, RESTful API, dan Webhook pada aplikasi Point of Sale untuk mencapai sistem dengan kinerja, kecepatan, dan skalabilitas yang unggul, terutama dalam pertukaran dan komunikasi data. Penelitian ini menggabungkan dua metodologi pengujian penting, yaitu unit pengujian dan pengujian fungsional, untuk memastikan ketahanan dan keandalan aplikasi Point of Sale berbasis Microservices. Unit pengujian fokus pada validasi masing-masing komponen dan fungsi dalam sistem, sedangkan pengujian fungsional menilai fungsionalitas dan perilaku aplikasi secara keseluruhan. Pendekatan pengujian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kehalusan sistem. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Microservices Architecture berbasis RESTful API dan Webhook berhasil meningkatkan akurasi input data pada aplikasi Point of Sale yang dibuktikan dengan perhitungan pada konfusi matriks. Sebelum diterapkan webhook, akurasinya hanya 80 persen, namun setelah diterapkan, akurasinya meningkat hingga 100 persen
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Zuhdi Ali Hisyam, Farid Ridho, and Arbi Setiyawan. "Implementation of a RESTful API-Based Evolutionary Algorithm in a Microservices Architecture for Course Timetabling." Jurnal Aplikasi Statistika & Komputasi Statistik 16, no. 2 (2024): 175–92. https://doi.org/10.34123/jurnalasks.v16i2.796.
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Introduction/Main Objectives: Implement an evolutionary algorithm within a RESTful API for a course timetabling system that employs a microservices architecture. Background Problems: The current course timetabling at Politeknik Statistika STIS uses the third-party application (aSc Timetables), which lacks a generator as a service, resulting in its inefficiency due to the lack of integration with SIPADU NG. Novelty: The evolutionary algorithm is built as a service (RESTful API) within a microservices architecture and supports custom constraints for timetables. Research Methods: One of the evolutionary algorithm families, the (1+1) evolutionary strategy, is implemented and used to create a course timetable 1000 times. Each course timetable created will have its cost calculated to assess the goodness of the algorithm implementation. The developed RESTful API is also evaluated through black box testing. Finding/Results: For the odd semester data, 40.5% of the trials yielded a cost value between 4 and 5, while for the even semester, all trials produced a cost value below 1. The resulting cost value is close to 0, which indicates that the timetable created has minimal violations. Additionally, black box testing concluded that the service operates as expected, delivering the anticipated output.
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Eseoghene Kokogho, Princess Eloho Odio, Olakojo Yusuff Ogunsola, and Mark Osemedua Nwaozomudoh. "A Cybersecurity framework for fraud detection in financial systems using AI and Microservices." Gulf Journal of Advance Business Research 3, no. 2 (2025): 410–24. https://doi.org/10.51594/gjabr.v3i2.90.
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In this review, we propose a cybersecurity framework aimed at enhancing fraud detection in financial systems by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), microservices, and RESTful architectures. With the increasing sophistication of cyber threats targeting financial institutions, traditional security methods often fall short in providing comprehensive protection. This review outlines how AI and microservices can be integrated to secure sensitive financial data and improve fraud detection. The framework employs AI-driven models for real-time anomaly detection, enabling systems to quickly identify suspicious activities and predict fraud patterns before they escalate. Microservices architecture, built using technologies such as Java Spring Boot, enables scalability, flexibility, and enhanced communication between modular components through secure RESTful APIs. Angular is utilized for building secure user interfaces, ensuring data protection across front-end applications. Additionally, the integration of security testing platforms such as SonarQube and Blackduck plays a critical role in continuously monitoring and inspecting code for vulnerabilities, ensuring that any flaws in the system are promptly addressed. This comprehensive approach not only safeguards financial institutions from potential fraud but also strengthens the U.S. financial infrastructure, contributing to the nation’s defense against cyber threats. By leveraging cutting-edge technologies and best practices, this framework offers a scalable, secure, and adaptive solution for the evolving challenges in cybersecurity and fraud prevention within the financial sector. The proposed framework enhances operational efficiency while mitigating risks, making it a valuable addition to modern cybersecurity strategies Keywords: Cybersecurity Framework, Fraud Detection, Financial Systems, Microservices, Artificial intelligence.
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Gupta, Vicky Kumar. "Java Full Stack Development for Robust and Scalable Enterprise Architecture." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 05 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem03417.
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Abstract: In the era of digital transformation, enterprises demand robust, scalable, and maintainable software architectures that can support dynamic business needs. Java Full Stack Development has emerged as a comprehensive approach to address these challenges, integrating frontend, backend, and database technologies to deliver end-to-end enterprise solutions. This paper explores the key components and best practices in Java Full Stack Development, including the use of modern frontend frameworks (e.g., Angular, React), backend technologies (e.g., Spring Boot, RESTful APIs), and databases (SQL and NoSQL). It also examines architectural patterns such as microservices and layered architecture that enhance scalability, fault tolerance, and maintainability. Emphasis is placed on how Java’s platform independence, strong community support, and vast ecosystem contribute to building resilient enterprise applications. Through case studies and performance evaluations, the paper demonstrates how full stack Java development facilitates rapid development cycles, seamless integration, and long-term sustainability of enterprise systems. Keywords: Java Full Stack, Enterprise Architecture, Spring Boot, Microservices, Angular, RESTful APIs, Scalability, Robustness, Web Application Development, Backend Integration, Frontend Frameworks, Cloud Deployment, Software Engineering
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Juliawan Pawana, I. Wayan Adi, Dewa Made Wiharta, and Nyoman Putra Sastra. "Identifikasi Kandidat Microservices Dengan Analisis Domain Driven Design." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 20, no. 2 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2021.v20i02.p11.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi microservices pada sistem informasi dosen (SIMDOSEN) Universitas Udayana menggunakan analisis Domain Driven Design. SIMDOSEN dikembangkan dengan arsitektur monolithic dan memiliki beberapa modul diantaranya modul pengelolaan data dosen, Riwayat dosen, manajemen kegiatan tridharma perguruan tinggi, sasaran kinerja pegawai, dll. Perubahan kebijakan yang dinamis menyebabkan sistem akan sulit untuk beradaptasi mengakomodasi kebutuhan serta kurangnya dokumentasi menyebabkan terdapat perbedaan interpretasi terhadap fungsi sistem antara programmer. Dengan microservices maka sistem akan dipecah menjadi beberapa service menggunakan RESTful API yang didokumentasikan menggunakan OpenAPI Spesification sehingga diharapkan pengembangan sistem informasi dosen akan lebih adaptif terhadap perubahan kebutuhan sistem dan mengurangi salah tafsir antara programmer kedepannya
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MAKSYMENKO, V., and O. FROLOV. ""COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GRPC AND RESTFUL API MICROSERVICES USING MONGODB AND MS SQL SERVER"." Scientific papers of Donetsk National Technical University. Series: Informatics, Cybernetics and Computer Science 1, no. 40 (2025): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.31474/1996-1588-2025-1-40-51-59.
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"This article examines the impact of architectural features of microservice architecture on the selection of gRPC or RESTful API. Particular attention is given to the role of relational (SQL) and non-relational (NoSQL) databases in inter-service communication, as well as to performance evaluation methodologies using JMeter. An experimental study of a custom microservice system was conducted to determine the optimal approach based on latency, throughput, and resource efficiency. The research explores the architectural principles of gRPC and RESTful API, their differences in data exchange mechanisms, scalability strategies, and performance optimization techniques. A comparative analysis is carried out based on key metrics, including server response time, resource consumption, and the ability to handle high loads. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of SQL and NoSQL database choices on API request efficiency and assesses JMeter’s effectiveness in simulating real-world load scenarios. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for informed decision-making regarding the selection of communication technologies, taking into account architectural requirements and the specific characteristics of software systems."
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Jayarana, I. Gede Nyoman Agung, Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto, and I. Made Gede Sunarya. "Development of Service-Oriented Architecture-Based Microservices Management as a Data Integration Service (Case Study: Udayana University)." Jurnal Ilmiah Merpati (Menara Penelitian Akademika Teknologi Informasi) 11, no. 1 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jim.2023.v11.i01.p03.
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Udayana University has developed numerous information systems to accommodate all types of academic and non-academic activities. Because the process of retrieving data from other systems still employs the traditional method with a joint scheme between databases, the resulting data quality becomes increasingly inaccurate over time. Some systems have also established simple web services that do not adhere to the Restful API authoring rules. Based on these issues, modifications were made to the data integration process using Microservices Management, Service Oriented Architecture, and OAuth 2.0 as the security protocol. The results indicate that the microservices management system is highly effective and efficient for improving process performance, has a low risk level, a good control test validation of 93,33 %, and a usability grade of B, indicating that the system is deemed good and usable.
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Baladari, Venkata. "End-to-End CI/CD Deployment of RESTful Microservices in the Cloud." International Journal of Core Engineering and Management 6, no. 8 (2020): 262–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15020514.
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Implementing RESTful microservices across various cloud platforms necessitates automation to guarantee consistency, security, and scalability. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines optimize the integration, testing, and deployment of services, thereby minimizing manual intervention and operational risks. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for fully automated CI/CD processes, integrating Infrastructure as Code (IaC), security protocols, and monitoring software solutions. The proposal tackles crucial issues like multi-cloud compatibility, vendor lock-in, and API versioning, and suggests solutions to enhance deployment speed and reliability. This research assesses the effects of automated pipelines on efficiency, security, and regulatory compliance via case studies and performance analysis, providing hands-on knowledge for building cloud-native applications.
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I Kadek, Ari Wijaya, Dewa Made Wiharta, and Nyoman Putra Putra Sastra. "Perancangan RESTful API Menggunakan Java Quarkus Untuk Modul Mahasiswa Pada Layanan SIMAK-NG Universitas Udayana." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 21, no. 2 (2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2022.v21i02.p12.
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Sistem Informasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam era teknologi sekarang ini. Layanan atau metode yang digunakan untuk penyampaian informasi selalu berkembang untuk bisa memberikan layanan yang lebih baik. SIMAK-NG Universitas Udayana adalah sistem informasi yang dibangun oleh Unit Sumber Daya dan Informasi (USDI) Universitas Udayana untuk memberikan kemudahan kepada pengguna (operator akademik, dosen dan mahasiswa) dalam kegiatan administrasi akademik secara online yang tergabung dalam sebuah Sistem Informasi Terpadu, dengan nama Integrated Management Information System the Strategic of Udayana. SIMAK-NG sebelumnya dibangun dengan menggunakan arsitektur monolithic dan akan dilakukan migrasi arsitektur layanan menjadi microservices, sehingga perlu dilakukan penyesuaian kode program dengan melakukan implementasi RESTful API yang akan menunjang kinerja dari layanan SIMAK-NG. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan perancangan model RESTful API yang dapat digunakan oleh aplikasi lain yang memerlukan data mahasiswa dari layanan SIMAK tidak lagi melakukan akses secara langsung ke database namun melakukan akses ke layanan RESTful API. API dibangun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java, framework Quarkus, dan skema database yang sesuai dengan database pada layanan SIMAK-NG Universitas Udayana. Pengujian yang dilakukan secara lokal mendapatkan bahwa hasil respon dari program RESTful API yang dibuat sudah sesuai dengan perancangan dan dapat bekerja dengan baik yang ditunjukkan dengan pengujian dengan menggunakan script Postman, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa program API yang dirancang siap untuk diimplementasikan.
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Phanireddy, Sandeep. "Securing RESTful APIs in Microservices Architectures: A Comprehensive Threat Model and Mitigation Framework." International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering and Technology 4 (2023): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-922x.ijeret-v4i2p107.
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Sekar Mylsamy and Er. Aman Shrivastav. "API Design and Integration in a Microservices Environment." International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar 16, no. 1 (2025): 409–19. https://doi.org/10.36676/jrps.v16.i1.205.
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In today’s rapidly evolving software landscape, microservices have emerged as a robust architectural approach that promotes scalability, agility, and resilience. This paper examines the critical role of API design and integration within a microservices environment, focusing on how well-architected APIs can streamline communication among discrete services. It delves into the principles of crafting RESTful APIs that adhere to industry best practices while also exploring alternative paradigms like GraphQL and gRPC. Emphasis is placed on ensuring consistency, security, and performance across distributed systems, as well as on managing challenges such as version control, load balancing, and fault tolerance. A detailed case study illustrates the effectiveness of API gateways in orchestrating interactions, thereby mitigating direct dependencies between services. Furthermore, the discussion highlights the benefits of automated testing and continuous integration pipelines, which are essential for maintaining robust API functionality in dynamic environments. The analysis also evaluates synchronous versus asynchronous communication models, providing insights into their respective advantages and limitations. By synthesizing current trends and proven strategies, the paper offers a comprehensive guide for developers and architects aiming to enhance integration efficiency and operational resilience. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of thoughtful API design in realizing the full potential of microservices, thereby supporting the development of scalable, maintainable, and innovative digital solutions.
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Researcher. "SECURING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER: BEST PRACTICES FOR RESTFUL API PROTECTION IN MODERN WEB APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Research (IJETR) 9, no. 2 (2024): 481–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13860934.
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This article presents a comprehensive analysis of security best practices for RESTful APIs in modern web applications, with a particular focus on microservices architectures. As web applications become increasingly distributed and API-driven, the need for robust security measures has never been more critical. We examine the implementation of contemporary authentication and authorization frameworks, including OAuth2 and OpenID Connect, and their role in securing API endpoints. The article delves into strategies for protecting data through encryption, both at rest and in transit, and explores the importance of secure communication protocols. We also investigate the implementation of rate limiting and throttling mechanisms to prevent API abuse and ensure system stability. Furthermore, the article highlights the significance of continuous monitoring, logging, and auditing in maintaining API security. By synthesizing current research and industry standards, we provide a holistic framework for securing RESTful APIs that balances the need for accessibility with stringent protection measures. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on web application security and offers practical insights for developers and architects working with API-centric systems in an era of increasing cyber threats.
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Zidan, Muhamad, Is Mardianto, and Agus Salim. "Development of Restful API Mental Health Application with Microservices Architecture Using Google Cloud Platform." Ultimatics : Jurnal Teknik Informatika 17, no. 1 (2025): 42–53. https://doi.org/10.31937/ti.v17i1.3280.
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Circle application is an application on the Android operating system that is engaged in the field of mental health. The application requires a server that receives requests to fulfill the features contained in the application, therefore a server is needed one that can be scaled easily and quickly so that there are no long delays in requests, and it is hoped that the code base is easy to maintain and can be rapidly deployed.
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Rakesh Sinha, Akash. "Optimizing API Project Efficiency: Agile Configurations, Advanced Design Patterns, and Testing Strategies." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem16054.
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In the rapidly evolving digital era, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have emerged as the cornerstone of modern software development, enabling seamless communication and data exchange between disparate systems. Optimizing API project efficiency is paramount for organizations aiming to stay competitive and agile in response to market demands. This paper explores strategies for enhancing API efficiency through agile configurations, advanced design patterns, and comprehensive testing methodologies. We delve into the significance of decoupling configurations to achieve agile adaptability, discuss various API design paradigms like RESTful APIs and GraphQL, and examine their specific use cases and benefits. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of robust testing and security practices, highlighting industry-standard tools and technologies that facilitate these processes. Real-world case studies are presented to illustrate practical implementations, and the tangible improvements achieved. By integrating these advanced strategies, organizations can enhance their API performance, scalability, and maintainability, thereby delivering superior value to users and stakeholders in an increasingly interconnected world. Keywords: API efficiency, agile adaptability, decoupling configurations, RESTful API, GraphQL, API testing, microservices, API gateway, performance optimization, configuration management, API security, authentication, automated testing, real-world case studies
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Deepti Ravi Kumar, Nandha Kishore, D. Rahul Raj, et al. "Implementation of Message Service Queue Using Rabbit MQ." March 2023 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2023.1.001.
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A distributed system is a software application that makes use of a collection of protocols to manage the activities of numerous processes running on a communication network, so that each part cooperates to finish a single or a condensed number of related tasks. Representational State Transfer (REST) API is also integrated into this, making it simple to access online services without the need for additional processing. The server sends a client-side representation of the requested resource whenever a RESTful API is used. It is also integrated with microservices through the open-source message-broker programme RabbitMQ. With little developer involvement, the configuration file must automatically network new messaging services that join the distributed system.
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Mabotha, Ebenhezer, Nkateko E. Mabunda, and Ahmed Ali. "A Dockerized Approach to Dynamic Endpoint Management for RESTful Application Programming Interfaces in Internet of Things Ecosystems." Sensors 25, no. 10 (2025): 2993. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25102993.
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The growth of IoT devices has generated an increasing demand for effective, agile, and scalable deployment frameworks. Traditional IoT architectures are generally strained by interoperability, real-time responsiveness, and resource optimization due to inherent complexity in managing heterogeneous devices and large-scale deployments. While containerization and dynamic API frameworks are seen as solutions, current methodologies are founded primarily on static API architectures that cannot be adapted in real time with evolving data structures and communication needs. Dynamic routing has been explored, but current solutions lack database schema flexibility and endpoint management. This work presents a Dockerized framework that integrates Dynamic RESTful APIs with containerization to achieve maximum flexibility and performance in IoT configurations. With the use of FastAPI for asynchronous processing, the framework dynamically scales API schemas as per real-time conditions, achieving maximum device interaction efficiency. Docker provides guaranteed consistent, portable deployment across different environments. An emulated IoT environment was used to measure significant performance parameters, including functionality, throughput, response time, and scalability. The evaluation shows that the framework maintains high throughput, with an error rate of 3.11% under heavy loads and negligible latency across varying traffic conditions, ensuring fast response times without compromising system integrity. The framework demonstrates significant advantages in IoT scenarios requiring the addition of new parameters or I/O components where dynamic endpoint generation enables immediate monitoring without core application changes. Architectural decisions involving RESTful paradigms, microservices, and containerization are also discussed in this paper to ensure enhanced flexibility, modularity, and performance. The findings provide a valuable addition to dynamic IoT API framework design, illustrating how dynamic, Dockerized RESTful APIs can improve the efficiency and flexibility of IoT systems.
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Manoharan, Thivakar, André Loibl, Arun Nagarajah, and Peter Köhler. "Approach for a Machine-Interpretable Provision of Standard Contents Using Welded Constructions as an Example." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (2019): 2477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.254.
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AbstractIn order to meet the quality standards required in today's product development process, the designer must be able to draw on the knowledge contained in standards at all times. However, in today's digital work environment, these are usually only available in paper or PDF form. To support the designer during the product development process, a research project examine how knowledge from standards can be made available digitally and integrated into his working environment. This paper presents a concept with a RESTful service as a central knowledge base, which provides knowledge in the form of microservices. The implementation is carried out using welding assemblies as an example. To achieve the high-quality requirements and to implement them, the standard contents had to be prepared in a machine-interpretable and cross system way.
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Ingole, Anushka Anil, and Nikhil E. Karale. "Java in Microservices Architecture: A Study on Spring Boot and Cloud-Native Development." International Journal of Ingenious Research, Invention and Development (IJIRID) 4, no. 2 (2025): 263–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15208569.
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<em>Microservices architecture has revolutionized how applications are developed, deployed, and updated in modern applications. This study paper discusses the contribution of Java especially together with the Spring Boot framework to making cloud-native microservices a reality. The research targets the architectural benefits of Java, its support ecosystem, and its ability to be supported by new generation deployment tools such as Docker and Kubernetes. It also explores typical issues like service communication, security, and deployment orchestration, and emphasizes best practices and real-world examples. The paper ends by determining the future scope of Java in microservices and how it can be integrated with other upcoming technologies.</em>
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Putra, Fauzan Prasetyo Eka, Reynal Widya Efendi, Alief Badrit Tamam, and Walid Agel Pramadi. "Tren dan Praktik Terbaik dalam Pengembangan Web Berbasis API : Kajian Literatur terhadap Framework Laravel dan React." Infomatek 27, no. 1 (2025): 165–78. https://doi.org/10.23969/infomatek.v27i1.25122.
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Pengembangan web modern mengalami pergeseran paradigma dengan meningkatnya adopsi arsitektur berbasis API yang memisahkan tanggung jawab antara frontend dan backend. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren serta praktik terbaik dalam pengembangan aplikasi web berbasis API dengan menggunakan Laravel sebagai framework backend dan React sebagai library frontend. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap publikasi akademik dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi Laravel dan React menawarkan fleksibilitas tinggi dalam membangun aplikasi yang skalabel, maintainable, dan responsif. Beberapa praktik terbaik yang diidentifikasi meliputi penerapan prinsip RESTful API, pengelolaan state secara efisien di React, serta penggunaan dokumentasi API yang terstruktur. Tantangan utama dalam integrasi keduanya mencakup pengelolaan otentikasi, sinkronisasi data, serta masalah lintas domain (CORS). Selain itu, tren seperti arsitektur headless, SPA, SSR, dan microservices semakin banyak diadopsi dalam konteks pengembangan modular dan berorientasi performa. Kajian ini memberikan wawasan strategis bagi pengembang dan peneliti untuk memahami dinamika dan arah evolusi arsitektur aplikasi web berbasis API menggunakan Laravel dan React.
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Rajat Kumar Gupta. "Beyond the perimeter: Zero-trust architecture as a framework for cloud API security." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 1 (2025): 3389–98. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.1.1446.
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This article examines the paradigm shift from traditional perimeter-based security models to zero-trust architecture in the context of cloud API security. As organizations increasingly adopt distributed microservices architectures, conventional security approaches that rely on network boundaries have proven inadequate against sophisticated threats targeting APIs. The zero-trust model, operating on the principle of "never trust, always verify," offers a robust alternative through continuous authentication, fine-grained authorization, and comprehensive monitoring of all API transactions. The article analyzes implementation strategies for both RESTful and GRPC APIs within cloud-native environments, with particular emphasis on service mesh technologies and API gateways as enforcement points. Through multiple case studies across financial services, healthcare, and e-commerce sectors, the article demonstrates how organizations have successfully implemented zero-trust principles to strengthen their security posture, achieve regulatory compliance, and protect sensitive data. The practical frameworks and methodologies presented provide actionable guidance for security architects and developers seeking to enhance API security in modern cloud deployments while addressing the inherent challenges of distributed systems.
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Xiang, Lini, Gang Li, and Haijiang Li. "A Common Data Environment Framework Applied to Structural Life Cycle Assessment: Coordinating Multiple Sources of Information." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081315.
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In Building Information Modeling (BIM)-driven collaboration, the workflow for information management utilizes a Common Data Environment (CDE). The core idea of a CDE is to serve as a single source of truth, enabling efficient coordination among diverse stakeholders. Nevertheless, investigations into employing CDEs to manage projects reveal that procuring commercial CDE solutions is too expensive and functionally redundant for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and small research organizations, and there is a lack of experience in using CDE tools. Consequently, this study aimed to provide a cheap and lightweight alternative. It proposes a three-layered CDE framework: decentralized databases enabling work in distinct software environments; resource description framework (RDF)-based metadata facilitating seamless data communication; and microservices enabling data collection and reorganization via standardized APIs and query languages. We also apply the CDE framework to structural life cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that a lightweight CDE solution is achievable using tools like the bcfOWL ontology, RESTful APIs, and ASP.NET 6 Clean architecture. This paper offers a scalable framework that reduces infrastructure complexity while allowing users the freedom to integrate diverse tools and APIs for customized information management workflows. This paper’s CDE architecture surpasses traditional commercial software in terms of its flexibility and scalability, facilitating broader CDE applications in the construction industry.
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Gusarenko, A. S. "Ситуационно-ориентированные базы данных: верификация электронных подписей гетерогенных документов в RESTful веб-сервисе". МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 10, № 4(39) (2022): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26102/2310-6018/2022.39.4.019.
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When focusing on modern conditions in the field of processing heterogeneous data based on a situation-oriented approach, the task of using information systems with implemented cryptographic technologies during operation arises. One of the examples of such implementation are services and microservices available via the Internet. They provide opportunities to employ their capabilities to verify the authenticity of document enhanced digital signature by means of the published API. Situation-oriented databases (SODB) do not have their own certification authority and encryption-related functionality, but there are opportunities to work with RESTful services by establishing a network connection, thus, there is a research interest in model-oriented processing of heterogeneous documents in cryptographic services and obtaining results from it. To use cryptographic web services in model states, it will be necessary to develop and modify the hierarchical situational model of the SODB in order to enhance it with the ability to work with such services, where authentication of authorization tokens and operating several entry points at the same time are required. The model should also be structured by using specialized elements and methods. The involvement of such services can solve the problem of checking heterogeneous documents: whether they were signed with an enhanced qualified electronic digital signature, the result will be a verification report, the so-called protocol, which is then saved in the database. Such a research objective has not previously been considered from a scientific and technical point of view as part of the SODB project. At the moment, there are opportunities to create tools and methods of the model to solve this problem; the current course design information system based on SODB also exists. By developing the proposed SODB tools, it becomes possible to create applications with the capability to verify heterogeneous documents in cryptographic web services and at the same time avoid laboriousness when creating such applications. Ориентируясь на современные условия в области обработки гетерогенных данных на базе ситуационно-ориентированного подхода, возникает задача использования в процессе эксплуатации информационных систем с реализованными криптографическими технологиями. Одним из примеров таких реализаций являются сервисы и микросервисы, доступные через сеть Интернет, они предоставляют возможности за счет опубликованного API пользоваться своими возможностями в целях проверки подлинности усиленной цифровой подписи документа. В ситуационно-ориентированных базах данных (СОБД) нет своего собственного удостоверяющего центра и функциональности, связанной с шифрованием, но есть возможности для работы с RESTful-сервисами за счет установления сетевого подключения. Таким образом, представляется исследовательский интерес к модельно-ориентированной обработке гетерогенных документов в криптографических сервисах и получение из них результатов. Для задействования криптографических веб-сервисов в состояниях модели потребуется проработка и модификация иерархической ситуационной модели СОБД с целью ее обеспечения возможностями работы с такими сервисами, где потребуется проверка подлинности токенов авторизации и работа с несколькими точками входа одновременно. Модель должна быть структурированной также за счет использования специализированных элементов и методов. Задействование таких сервисов может решить задачу проверки гетерогенных документов: вне зависимости от того, были ли они подписаны усиленной квалифицированной электронной цифровой подписью, результатом будет получение отчета о проверке так называемого протокола и сохранение его в базе данных. Такая исследовательская задача ранее не рассматривалась с научно-технических позиций в рамках проекта СОБД, на данный момент существуют возможности для создания средств и методов модели для решения этой задачи и действующая информационная система курсового проектирования, базирующаяся на СОБД. Развивая предложенные средства СОБД, появляется возможность создавать приложения с функциями верификации гетерогенных документов в криптографических веб-сервисах и при этом уменьшать трудоемкость при разработке таких приложений.
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Prihandoko, P., Faisal Zufari, Y. Yuhandri, and Yuda Irawan. "Enhancing Real Time Crowd Counting Using YOLOv8 Integrated with Microservices Architecture for Dynamic Object Detection in High Density Environments." Kesatria : Jurnal Penerapan Sistem Informasi (Komputer dan Manajemen) 6, no. 1 (2025): 330–42. https://doi.org/10.30645/kesatria.v6i1.575.
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This study presents the implementation of the YOLOv8 algorithm to enhance real-time crowd counting on the ngedatedotid application, which aims to provide accurate crowd density information at various locations. The proposed model leverages the advanced capabilities of YOLOv8 in detecting and localizing head-people objects within crowded environments, even in complex visual conditions. The model achieved a mAP of 85%, outperforming previous models such as YOLO V8'S (78.3%) and YOLO V7 (81.9%), demonstrating significant improvements in detection accuracy and localization capabilities. The custom-trained model further exhibited a detection accuracy of up to 95% in specific scenarios, ensuring reliable and real-time feedback to users regarding crowd conditions at various locations. By implementing a microservices architecture integrated with RESTful API communication, the system facilitates efficient data processing and supports a modular approach in system development, enabling seamless updates and scalability. This architecture allows for independent deployment of services, thereby minimizing system downtime and optimizing performance. The integration of YOLOv8 and the custom-trained model has proven to be effective in enhancing real-time monitoring and detection of crowd density, making it a suitable solution for diverse applications that require dynamic and accurate crowd information. The results indicate that the proposed model and system architecture can provide a robust framework for real-time crowd management, which is crucial for business owners, event organizers, and public safety monitoring. Future research should consider exploring newer versions of YOLO, such as YOLO V9-S, and expanding the dataset to address challenges related to varying lighting conditions, occlusions, and object orientations. Optimizing these factors will further improve the model’s accuracy and reliability, setting a new standard for crowd detection systems in public spaces and enhancing the overall user experience.
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Seth, Dhruv Kumar, Karan Kumar Ratra, Rangarajan Lakshminarayanachar, Swamy Athamakuri, and Aneeshkumar Sundareswaran. "Pattern Play: Advanced API Integration for Cutting-Edge Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 7 (2024): 1529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63786.
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Abstract: API integration can be regarded as the foundation of the construction of modern software systems with a high level of interaction. In this article, the author goes further into the specifics of complex and sophisticated API integration while at the same time outlining patterns, architectural models, and methods that allow developers to build new-generation solutions. It starts with the fundamentals of APIs; this will look at RESTful and GraphQL, security measures adopted, and how data is managed. The discourse continues to explain design patterns such as Facade, Adapter, proxy, observer, and strategy while explaining how they help create strong and sustainable API integration. In addition, the article presents and discusses the architectural solutions, including microservices, serverless architectures, event-driven architectures, and the API gateway pattern, stressing their roles in defining the scale and performance of systems. Webhooks, real-time data feeds, batch processing, caching techniques, idempotency, and retries are explained in detail to demonstrate the effectiveness of API integrations. It stresses the processes of API versioning, input validation, encryption, and the management of keys that help to strengthen API integrations against threats. Thus, the article concludes with a discussion on performance optimization, testing, and documentation, emphasizing their importance in making and supporting the APIs to operate properly and be used willingly. Thus, this article can be viewed as a practical developer's reference to the critical issues of advanced API integration, which provides the requisite understanding and materials to build highly stable, efficient, and scalable applications.
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Jain, Anish Kumar, and Prof (Dr) MSR Prasad. "API Design Principles For Financial Services: Best Practices And Principles For Designing Apis In The Financial Services Sector." International Journal of Research in Modern Engineering & Emerging Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 402–12. https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrmeet.org.v13.i3.26.
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In today’s rapidly evolving financial landscape, effective API design is fundamental to ensuring secure, efficient, and compliant digital services. This paper explores essential API design principles tailored to the financial services sector, emphasizing the importance of robust security measures, seamless integration, and scalability. With increasing reliance on interconnected systems, financial institutions require APIs that not only facilitate data exchange between disparate platforms but also adhere to strict regulatory standards. The study highlights best practices such as adopting RESTful and microservices architectures, ensuring comprehensive documentation, and implementing strong encryption and authentication protocols. It further examines the role of agile development methodologies in iterating API functionalities to address dynamic market demands and evolving security threats. Through a detailed analysis of case studies and industry benchmarks, the paper demonstrates how well-designed APIs can reduce operational costs, enhance customer experiences, and drive innovation in financial services. Key challenges such as latency, data privacy, and compliance are discussed, alongside strategies to mitigate associated risks. By integrating technical insights with regulatory considerations, this research provides a comprehensive framework for developing resilient APIs in the financial domain. The findings aim to assist industry professionals and researchers in advancing the state of digital finance, ensuring that API infrastructures not only support current operational needs but are also adaptable for future technological advancements. This investigation ultimately guides practitioners in crafting APIs that are future-proof, reliable, and aligned with industry standards.
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Gunjan Desai Rajendrakumar. "Enhancing Patient-Centric Care through API-Driven Integrations." Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies 7, no. 5 (2025): 702–8. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2025.7.5.78.
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The digital transformation of healthcare has fundamentally redefined care delivery models, shifting from traditional provider-centric approaches to patient-empowered ecosystems through sophisticated Application Programming Interface implementations. This article addresses the critical role of API-driven integrations in establishing comprehensive patient-centric care frameworks that prioritize accessibility, transparency, and personalized healthcare experiences. The healthcare industry faces significant challenges in data fragmentation and limited patient access to personal health information, necessitating robust technological solutions that enable seamless data exchange while maintaining stringent security standards. API-led integrations serve as the technological foundation for transformation, creating interconnected healthcare ecosystems where patients gain unprecedented control over their medical information, communication channels, and care management processes. The article examines essential components of modern healthcare API architectures, including RESTful services, microservices patterns, and API gateway implementations that facilitate scalable and maintainable systems. Authentication and security frameworks utilizing OAuth 2.0 standards provide sophisticated authorization mechanisms that balance patient accessibility with comprehensive protection of sensitive health information. Standardized healthcare data formats, particularly HL7 FHIR resources, enable interoperability across diverse healthcare systems while supporting granular patient data access through targeted API implementations. Implementation best practices encompass regulatory compliance considerations, including HIPAA requirements and 21st Century Cures Act mandates, alongside performance optimization strategies and comprehensive monitoring frameworks. The convergence of these technological elements creates transformative healthcare environments that enhance patient engagement, improve care coordination, and establish transparent collaborative relationships between patients and healthcare providers.
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Foluke, Ekundayo. "STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING DATA ENGINEERING TEAMS TO BUILD SCALABLE, SECURE REST APIS FOR REAL-TIME FINTECH APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management (IJETRM) 07, no. 08 (2023): 130–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15486520.
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The increasing demand for real-time financial transactions, data-driven insights, and digital-first user experiences haselevated the importance of scalable, secure REST APIs in the fintech industry. At the heart of delivering these APIs arehigh-performing data engineering teams responsible for ensuring that backend infrastructures support rapid development,integration, and deployment of real-time services. Managing such teams requires a strategic blend of technical leadership,process optimization, and alignment with evolving security and compliance standards. This paper explores comprehensivestrategies for managing data engineering teams to effectively build and maintain RESTful APIs tailored for real-timefintech applications. Beginning with a broad overview of modern fintech ecosystems, the discussion highlights the growingcomplexities of real-time data streaming, heterogeneous data sources, and strict regulatory environments such as PCI DSSand GDPR. The paper then narrows in on team-specific management strategies, including agile methodologies, DevSecOpspractices, and microservices-based architectures that enable modular API development. Emphasis is placed on fosteringcross-functional collaboration between engineers, data scientists, and product teams to ensure business logic and securitypolicies are embedded into every API iteration. Additionally, talent management, upskilling, and the cultivation of asecurity-first mindset are examined as essential components of sustainable team leadership. Infrastructure considerations—such as choosing appropriate data stores, leveraging containerization, and optimizing for low-latency performance—areaddressed in the context of engineering team responsibilities. Through practical insights and organizational frameworks,this paper presents an actionable guide for technology leaders to manage and empower data engineering teams capable ofdelivering secure, high-throughput REST APIs that meet the dynamic needs of real-time fintech systems.
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Chen, Yuh-Shyan, Kuang-Hung Cheng, Chih-Shun Hsu, and Hong-Lun Zhang. "MiniDeep: A Standalone AI-Edge Platform with a Deep Learning-Based MINI-PC and AI-QSR System." Sensors 22, no. 16 (2022): 5975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22165975.
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In this paper, we present a new AI (Artificial Intelligence) edge platform, called “MiniDeep”, which provides a standalone deep learning platform based on the cloud-edge architecture. This AI-Edge platform provides developers with a whole deep learning development environment to set up their deep learning life cycle processes, such as model training, model evaluation, model deployment, model inference, ground truth collecting, data pre-processing, and training data management. To the best of our knowledge, such a whole deep learning development environment has not been built before. MiniDeep uses Amazon Web Services (AWS) as the backend platform of a deep learning tuning management model. In the edge device, the OpenVino enables deep learning inference acceleration at the edge. To perform a deep learning life cycle job, MiniDeep proposes a mini deep life cycle (MDLC) system which is composed of several microservices from the cloud to the edge. MiniDeep provides Train Job Creator (TJC) for training dataset management and the models’ training schedule and Model Packager (MP) for model package management. All of them are based on several AWS cloud services. On the edge device, MiniDeep provides Inference Handler (IH) to handle deep learning inference by hosting RESTful API (Application Programming Interface) requests/responses from the end device. Data Provider (DP) is responsible for ground truth collection and dataset synchronization for the cloud. With the deep learning ability, this paper uses the MiniDeep platform to implement a recommendation system for AI-QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) KIOSK (interactive kiosk) application. AI-QSR uses the MiniDeep platform to train an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)-based recommendation system. The LSTM-based recommendation system converts KIOSK UI (User Interface) flow to the flow sequence and performs sequential recommendations with food suggestions. At the end of this paper, the efficiency of the proposed MiniDeep is verified through real experiments. The experiment results have demonstrated that the proposed LSTM-based scheme performs better than the rule-based scheme in terms of purchase hit accuracy, categorical cross-entropy, precision, recall, and F1 score.
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S. Mohod, Subodh. "“ DocVerify: Automated Documents Verification System”." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem04262.
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Abstract - The rapid digital transformation across governmental and private sectors has underscored the need for reliable, automated document verification solutions. Traditional manual verification methods are labor-intensive, slow, and prone to human error, often failing to detect sophisticated forgery techniques. With the proliferation of identity fraud and document tampering, particularly in sensitive use cases like KYC (Know Your Customer) processes, there is an urgent demand for intelligent systems that combine AI with secure digital infrastructures. This paper introduces an Automated Document Verification System (ADVS) that leverages Python-based technologies and modern web development frameworks to streamline the authentication process for identity documents. The core technologies employed include Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using Tesseract for text extraction, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for forgery detection for data integrity verification. The backend infrastructure is built using Flask, while the frontend is developed using three interchangeable stacks: React, Angular, and Next.js, offering flexibility and modern user experiences. Our system specifically targets government-issued IDs such as Aadhaar and PAN cards in the Indian context, which are often subject to counterfeiting. Upon uploading a document, OCR is performed to extract key fields, which are then validated against standard formats and predefined field rules. The modular architecture of ADVS supports microservices and scalable deployment. The Flask backend provides RESTful APIs for document handling and user management, while the React frontend ensures an intuitive experience with real time status updates and document previews. SQLAlchemy with SQLite manages lightweight yet secure data storage, with provisions for scaling to enterprise-grade databases. A key feature of the system is real-time auditing and forgery detection. Every document interaction is logged with metadata (timestamp, user ID, IP address, etc.), providing transparency and traceability. Evaluation results show over 90% accuracy in validating standard-format documents, with average processing times under three seconds. A user study reported 87% satisfaction, citing ease of use and fast performance. Keywords: - Automated Document Verification, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Identity Authentication, Flask Framework, React Frontend, Tesseract, KYC, React.js, OpenCV, Forgery Detection, Audit Logging, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Digital Identity, Document Fraud Prevention, Web Based Verification System, Computer Vision, Government ID Validation.
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Kaniya Pradnya Paramitha, Ida Ayu, Dewa Made Wiharta, and I. Made Arsa Suyadnya. "PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI RESTFUL API PADA SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DOSEN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 3 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i03.p3.
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Lecturer Management Information System (SIM Dosen) Udayana University is a management information system to assist lecturers in improving performance in providing higher quality education. SIM Dosen was designed using a monolithic architecture will switch to a microservice architecture that is more flexible because it breaks down several applications into several services. Communication between services is carried out through the HTTP protocol using a RESTful API. This research focuses on the success of designing a RESTful API on one of the modules on the SIM Dosen which is “data dosen” module. RESTful API was successfully designed using the Java programming language and MySQL database. Testing the RESTful API functionality using the black box testing method and Postman on local device for GET, PUT, and DELETE method display a 200 response code and OK status, and for POST method display a 201 response code and Created status which indicate all the functions of each HTTP method used in “data dosen” module have been running according to their functions.
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Anju, Bhole. "Ensuring Idempotency in Java RESTful APIs." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 5 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14540921.
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Idempotency is a basic characteristic of RESTful APIs, whatever number of times the request is sent, only the first request will actually produce valid results with no unintended side effect as a resultof all other tries and the same result every time. This characteristic is particularly important in the context of big distributed systems. If network failures, retries or unexpected behavior causes the same request to be made again, the result will be messy; there will be duplicated data or outright contradictions. This paper presents some of the challenges of implementing idempotency in Java-based RESTful APIs focusing on methods such as the use of idempotency keys, database constraints, and API design patterns. Practical applications of these methods into Java environments where they can be employed to prevent repeated operations and preserve system consistency. Moreover, the work puts forward a systematic approach to test and prove idempotency in microservice architecture; it also examines various methods for managing operations that are idempotent. It is hoped that this paper will make a valuable contribution to the realm of distributed systems programming, by providing practical solutions and performance insights for Java developers.
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Khozaimi, Ach, Yoga Dwitya Pramudita, and Firdaus Solihin. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BACKEND APPLICATION FOR THESIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE AND RESTFUL API." Jurnal Ilmiah Kursor 11, no. 4 (2023): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/kursor.v11i4.313.
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A thesis is a scientific work completed by students with the aim of developing the knowledge gained during the lecture period. Students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura (UTM), Faculty of Engineering, particularly Informatics Engineering, carry out their theses manually and on paper. Thesis Management System (TMS) is software designed to help with the thesis execution process by reducing paper usage and increasing time efficiency. Monolithic system development can disrupt the service process if improvements are being made to the system. Therefore, in this research, a Thesis Management System (TMS) will be built using a microservice approach to make it easier to maintain and develop the system, for example, system scalability. As a means of communication between services, TMS is designed and developed using the REST API. TMS has undergone system performance testing to verify that it performs well under certain conditions. The results show that the number of requests increases the performance response time, CPU usage, and memory consumption, with an average resource usage of each service based on a response time of 61.64 ms, CPU usage of 8.64%, and memory usage of 89.47 Mb. As the number of requests on the service increases, so does resource usage in each service, but this has no effect on device performance because the increase is so low.
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Gridin, V. N., V. I. Anisimov, and S. A. Vasiliev. "Interaction of Components of Microservice Architecture Based on a Restful Approach for Calculation of Electronic Circuits in the Frequency Domain." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 67, no. 4 (2022): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226922040052.
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Bajaj, Deepali, Anita Goel, and Suresh Gupta. "A Comprehensive Microservice Extraction Approach Integrating Business Functions and Database Entities." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 21, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/21/1/3.
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Cloud application practitioners are building large-scale enterprise applications as microservices, to leverage scalability, performance, and availability. Microservices architecture allows a large monolithic application to be split into small, loosely coupled services. A service communicates with other services using lightweight protocols such as RESTful APIs. Extracting microservices from the monolith is a challenging task and is mostly performed manually by system architects based on their skills. This extraction involves both: 1) Partitioning of business logic, 2) Partitioning of database. For partitioning of business logic, the existing research studies focus on decomposition by considering the dependencies in the application at the class-level. However, with the passage of time, monolith application classes outgrow their size defying the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). So, there is a need to consider the code within the classes when identifying microservices. Current studies also lack the partitioning of database and ignore the mapping of Database Entities (DE) to the microservices. In this paper, we present a Comprehensive Microservice Extraction Approach (CMEA) that considers: 1) Both classes and their methods to define and refine microservices, 2) Associate the DE to microservices using newly devised eight guiding rules handling ownership conflicts. This approach has been applied to three benchmark web applications implemented in Java and one in-house application implemented in both Java and Python. Our results demonstrate better or similar software quality attributes in comparison to the existing related studies. CMEA improves software quality attributes by 22%. System architects can easily identify microservices along with their DE using our approach. The CMEA is generic and language-independent so it can be used for any application
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Kerimovs, Amirali. "Scalability and Performance of Microservices Architectures." Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, August 4, 2023, 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjcsthvol23is2pg77.
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The inevitability of continuous evolution and seamless integration of dynamic alterations remains a paramount consideration in the realm of software engineering. This concern is particularly pronounced within the context of contemporary microservices architectures embedded in heterogeneous and decentralized systems composed of numerous interdependent components. A pivotal focal point within such a software design paradigm is to sustain optimal performance quality by ensuring harmonious collaboration among autonomous facets within an intricate framework. The challenge of microservices evolution has predominantly revolved around upholding the harmonization of diverse microservices versions during updates, all while curbing the computational overhead associated with such validation. This study leverages previous research outcomes and tackles the evolution predicament by introducing an innovative formal model, coupled with a fresh exposition of microservices RESTful APIs. The amalgamation of Formal Concept Analysis and the Liskov Substitution Principle plays a pivotal role in this proposed solution. A series of compatibility constraints is delineated and subjected to validation through a controlled experiment employing a representative microservices system. The suggested approach is poised to enhance the development of more sustainable microservices applications and elevate the efficacy of DevOps practices engaged in the creation and upkeep of microservices architectures.
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Munisif, Bharathvamsi Reddy. "Excel to Cloud: Migrating Legacy Trader Tools to Scalable Java & Python Applications." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 08, no. 03 (2025). https://doi.org/10.15680/ijmrset.2025.0803341.
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Many trading desks across the financial industry still rely heavily on Excel-based tools for pricing, risk assessment, and reporting workflows. While these spreadsheets offer flexibility and familiarity, they present challenges in scalability, collaboration, version control, and integration with modern trading infrastructure. This paper presents a cloud-native migration framework that transforms trader-centric Excel tools into robust, scalable applications using Java and Python. The framework incorporates modular microservices, RESTful APIs, AWS services, and real-time data processing. It also addresses migration challenges such as formula translation, data validation, and end-user adoption. The resulting system improves performance, auditability, and maintainability while retaining the usability traders expect.
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Bathelt, Franziska, Stephan Lorenz, Jens Weidner, Martin Sedlmayr, and Ines Reinecke. "Application of Modular Architectures in the Medical Domain - a Scoping Review." Journal of Medical Systems 49, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02158-3.
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Abstract The healthcare sector is notable for its reliance on discrete, self-contained information systems, which are often characterised by the presence of disparate data silos. The growing demands for documentation, quality assurance, and secondary use of medical data for research purposes has underscored the necessity for solutions that are more flexible, straightforward to maintain and interoperable. In this context, modular systems have the potential to act as a catalyst for change, offering the capacity to encapsulate and combine functionalities in an adaptable manner. The objective of this scoping review is to determine the extent to which modular systems are employed in the medical field. The review will provide a detailed overview of the effectiveness of service-oriented or microservice architectures, the challenges that should be addressed during implementation, and the lessons that can be learned from countries with productive use of such modular architectures. The review shows a rise in the use of microservices, indicating a shift towards encapsulated autonomous functions. The implementation should use HL7 FHIR as communication standard, deploy RESTful interfaces and standard protocols for technical data exchange, and apply HIPAA security rule for security purposes. User involvement is essential, as is integrating services into existing workflows. Modular architectures can facilitate flexibility and scalability. However, there are well-documented performance issues associated with microservice architectures, namely a high communication demand. One potential solution to this problem may be to integrate modular architectures into a cloud computing environment, which would require further investigation.
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-, Sucharan Jandhyala. "Automated Retail Inventory Management Through Enterprise Integration." International Journal on Science and Technology 16, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.71097/ijsat.v16.i1.2715.
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This article explores the integration of robotic systems in retail inventory management through advanced enterprise integration technologies. It examines the evolution from manual inventory processes to automated robotic solutions, highlighting the critical role of data integration and API architecture in enabling seamless communication between autonomous robots and existing enterprise systems. The article provides an in-depth analysis of various integration components, including RESTful API design, event-driven architecture, message brokers, and microservices architecture, while addressing key implementation considerations such as security protocols, data transformation strategies, and master data management. The article demonstrates how retailers can achieve improved inventory accuracy and labor optimization through sophisticated integration solutions that connect robotic scanning capabilities with enterprise inventory, procurement, and analytics systems by presenting a systematic framework for implementing these technologies.
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Majumdar, Ananth. "One-Time Migration Services: Leveraging Dated APIs for Transparent Data Management." Journal of Mathematical & Computer Applications, September 30, 2023, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jmca/2023(2)e122.
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This paper presents a novel approach to managing one-time data migration services in software development environments. As systems evolve, the need for data migrations becomes inevitable, often requiring one-time code that is discarded after use. This practice presents challenges in tracking, managing, and maintaining a clear history of data changes. We propose a method of creating dedicated API endpoints for these one-time migration tasks, incorporating the migration date in the endpoint URL. Through a case study and analysis, we demonstrate that this approach ensures code traceability, provides self-documentation, allows for easy historical reference, and clearly indicates the one-time nature of operations. Our findings suggest that this methodology can significantly improve the manageability, security, and transparency of data migration processes, particularly in microservices architectures or RESTful API environments.
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"An extensive Review of Web-Based Multi Granularity Service Composition." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 17, no. 4 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.285570.
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The paper reviews the efforts to compose SOAP, non-SOAP and non-web services. Traditionally efforts were made for composite SOAP services, however, these efforts did not include the RESTful and non-web services. A SOAP service uses structured exchange methodology for dealing with web services while a non-SOAP follows different approach. The research paper reviews the invoking and composing a combination of SOAP, non-SOAP, and non-web services into a composite process to execute complex tasks on various devices. It also shows the systematic integration of the SOAP, non-SOAP and non-web services describing the composition of heterogeneous services than the ones conventionally used from the perspective of resource consumption. The paper further compares and reviews different layout model for the discovery of services, selection of services and composition of services in Cloud computing. Recent research trends in service composition are identified and then research about microservices are evaluated and shown in the form of table and graphs.
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Belov, Roman. "Integrative models of client-server technology interaction in web development." Актуальные исследования, no. 37-1 (167) (September 11, 2023). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035220.
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<em>This article examines integrative models of client-server technology interaction in web development, designed based on an elastic MVC architecture and modern cloud solutions. A comprehensive analysis of contemporary client technologies (React, Angular, Vue.js, PWA) and server architectures (cloud computing, SaaS, microservices architecture) is conducted, along with a comparative analysis of integration models such as RESTful API, GraphQL, and WebSocket. Based on the literature review, an analysis of existing models, and practical case studies, the hypothesis is formulated that employing an elastic MVC architecture significantly enhances the performance, scalability, and security of web applications. The research methodology includes comparative analysis and theoretical modeling. The results obtained in this study can be further applied in optimizing the design of corporate information systems and advancing the theoretical and practical aspects of web integration. This article will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of distributed systems and web architecture, as well as practitioners seeking a deeper theoretical and practical understanding of integrative approaches in building scalable and dynamic web infrastructures.</em>
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Maschi, Fabio, and Gustavo Alonso. "Strega : An HTTP Server for FPGAs." ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, October 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3611312.
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The computer architecture landscape is being reshaped by the new opportunities, challenges and constraints brought by the cloud. On the one hand, high-level applications profit from specialised hardware to boost their performance and reduce deployment costs. On the other hand, cloud providers maximise the CPU time allocated to client applications by offloading infrastructure tasks to hardware accelerators. While it is well understood how to do this for, e.g., network function virtualisation and protocols such as TCP/IP, support for higher networking layers is still largely missing, limiting the potential of accelerators. In this paper, we present Strega , an open-source 1 light-weight HTTP server that enables crucial functionality such as FPGA-accelerated functions being called through a RESTful protocol (FPGA-as-a-Function). Our experimental analysis shows that a single Strega node sustains a throughput of 1.7 M HTTP requests per second with an end-to-end latency as low as 16 μ s, outperforming nginx running on 32 vCPUs in both metrics, and can even be an alternative to the traditional OpenCL flow over the PCIe bus. Through this work, we pave the way for running microservices directly on FPGAs, bypassing CPU overhead and realising the full potential of FPGA acceleration in distributed cloud applications.
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Dheerendra Yaganti. "Blockchain-Driven Supply Chain Visibility with .Net and Azure Confidential Ledger: Design and Implementation Strategies." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, May 30, 2022, 915–21. https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-5807f.
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The growing demand for transparency and trust in supply chain systems has accelerated the adoption of decentralized technologies capable of delivering tamper-proof and verifiable transaction histories. This paper presents a blockchain-integrated framework built on .NET and Azure Confidential Ledger to enhance supply chain visibility and traceability across distributed logistics networks. The proposed system leverages the immutability of blockchain and the confidentiality guarantees of trusted execution environments to securely record and validate every logistical event—from procurement to final delivery—without exposing sensitive operational data. By integrating Azure Confidential Ledger with ASP.NET Core microservices, the framework ensures secure data logging and access control while maintaining compatibility with enterprise-grade identity and authorization mechanisms. Data is ingested through RESTful APIs and processed using Entity Framework Core for transactional integrity. A modular architecture allows easy extension into existing logistics platforms while providing real-time dashboards and alerting via SignalR and Power BI. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the system’s efficiency in handling concurrent events, maintaining low latency, and preventing unauthorized data modifications. This study offers a scalable and privacy-preserving design pattern for organizations aiming to modernize supply chain management using blockchain technology in secure cloud environments, establishing a foundation for future innovations in decentralized logistics infrastructure
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Garai, Pooja. "Envision EdTech: Revolutionizing Intelligent Education through AI and Innovation for a Smarter Tomorrow." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, May 10, 2025, 3095–110. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1980.
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This paper introduces EnvisionEdTech: Revolutionizing Intelligent Education Through AI and Innovation for a Smarter Tomorrow, an advanced AI-powered educational platform that delivers adaptive, inclusive, and interactive learning experiences. The system is architected to integrate core modules such as intelligent lecture summarization using NLP and transformer-based models (BERT, T5), AI-driven career guidance using decision trees, random forests, and K-means clustering on historical academic and aptitude data, and dynamic exam question generation using NLG techniques and Bloom’s Taxonomy classification.The real-time interactive doubt-solving module is powered by WebRTC and Socket.IO, enabling low-latency peer and mentor communication, supported by NLP-based semantic search to suggest relevant content during chats. Virtual science experiments are simulated using 3D libraries (Three.js) and OpenCV, creating immersive, interactive lab experiences. A robust plagiarism detection system leverages semantic similarity comparison using sentence embeddings and cosine similarity via Sentence-BERT and spaCy pipelines.The backend is implemented in Node.js and Express.js, with RESTful APIs and JWT-based authentication for secure, scalable operations. AI services are deployed using TensorFlow, PyTorch, and orchestrated with Docker and Kubernetes for containerized microservices. The frontend is built using React.js for web and React Native for mobile, styled using Tailwind CSS, and follows a responsive, component-based architecture. Real-time data analytics and performance dashboards are powered by Tableau and Power BI, processing data pipelined via Apache Kafka and MongoDB Atlas.Deployment is cloud-agnostic, supporting AWS (S3, EC2, Lambda), GCP (Firebase, BigQuery), and Microsoft Azure (App Services, Blob Storage) for flexibility and high availability. CI/CD pipelines using GitHub Actions and Jenkins automate build, test, and deployment workflows. The system is thoroughly tested using Selenium (UI automation), Postman (API testing), and Jest (unit testing), ensuring robustness and reliability.This unified platform empowers students, educators, and parents by offering intelligent educational assistance, career insights, and progress analytics, driving academic excellence and holistic development.