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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Restoration of architectural monuments'
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Rab, Samia. "The "monument" in architecture and conservation - theories of architectural significance and their influence on restoration, preservation, and conservation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23927.
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Mason, David Robert. "'New lamps for old' : English responses to the restoration of monuments in Italy, ca. 1860-1890." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4115.
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Bidaud, Camille. "La doctrine des Monuments historiques en France d'après Paul Léon (1874-1962)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2205/document.
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Guidé par l’hypothèse que la doctrine des Monuments historiques – entre positions théoriques, appréciations subjectives et arbitrages opportunistes – constitue le point aveugle de la restauration en France depuis la fin du XIXE siècle, ce doctorat propose de rouvrir cette question, à partir des textes et des décisions de Paul Léon (1874-1962), principale responsable du Service des monuments historiques dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Bien que son rôle soit souvent méconnu aujourd’hui, Paul Léon a, en effet, une carrière exemplaire aux Beaux-Arts. Il a été responsable du Service des monuments historiques de 1907 à 1932, membre de la Commission de 1907 à 1962 et directeur des Beaux-Arts de 1919 à 1932. Il est de plus l’historiographe du Service. Par ses nombreux écrits, il est le principal auteur de la propagande du Service des Monument historiques pendant la première moitié du XXE siècle. Paul Léon justifie les pratiques en leur créant un cadre théorique sans énoncer clairement la doctrine, ni que cela ne se ressente. L’étude de ces textes, remarquables à ce sujet par leur cohérence et leur répartition chronologique, permet de mettre au jour la continuité des éléments doctrinaux sous-jacents et d’en observer les effets dans les travaux réalisés. Il est donc également nécessaire de questionner la pratique pilotée par Paul Léon, à travers l’analyse architecturale de projets réalisés : trois restaurations phares de la période (Saint-Rémi de Reims, les places flamandes d’Arras et le Palais des papes d’Avignon), qui permet de comprendre les pratiques du Service. Cette analyse permet aussi d’observer les points de cohérences et les omissions des textes de Paul Léon et l’influence de la pratique sur les discoursGuided by the hypothesis that the doctrine of Historic Monuments - between theoretical positions, subjective assessments and opportunistic arbitrations - has been the blind spot in restoration in France since the end of the 19th century, the objective of this doctoral thesis is to reopen this issue, based on the texts and decisions of Paul Léon (1874-1962), the main head of the historic monuments Department in the interwar period. Although his role is, today, often forgotten. In fact, Paul Léon has had an exemplary career at the Fine-Arts. He was head of the Historic Monuments Department from 1907 to 1932, a member of the Commission from 1907 to 1962 and Director of Fine Arts from 1919 to 1932. He is also the historiographer of the Department.Through his many writings, he was the main author of the propaganda of the historic monuments Department during the first half of the 20th century. Paul Leon justifies the practices by creating a theoretical framework for them without clearly stating the doctrine, without this being felt. The study of these texts, remarkable for their coherence and chronological distribution, reveals the continuity of the underlying doctrinal elements and allows to observe their effects on the work carried out.It is therefore also necessary to question the practice led by Paul Léon, through the architectural analysis of completed projects as three flagship restorations of the period —Saint-Remi de Reims, the Flemish squares of Arras and the Papal Palace in Avignon—, which makes possible to understand the practices of the Department. This analysis also allows to observe the points of consistency and omissions in Paul Léon's texts and the influence of practice on speeches
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Blower, Jonathan Barnabas. "Monument question in late Habsburg Austria : a critical introduction to Max Dvořák's Denkmalpflege." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8723.
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The present thesis is a critical introduction to a body of writings on heritage conservation by the Czech-born art historian Max Dvořák (1874–1921). From 1905 onwards, Dvořák was both professor of art history at the University of Vienna and Conservator General at the state institution responsible for heritage conservation in Austria: the ‘Royal and Imperial Central Commission for the Research and Preservation of Artistic and Historical Monuments’ (est. 1850). His published and archival texts on the subject are presented here for the first time in English translation. In this sense, the thesis follows the model of existing scholarship on the visual arts in Vienna around 1900, namely the combined English translations and critical introductions to the writings of Camillo Sitte (Collins & Collins, 1986), Otto Wagner (Mallgrave, 1988) and Alois Riegl (Forster & Ghirardo, 1982). A translation-based approach to foreign textual sources is essential to cross-cultural understanding in the study of art and architectural history, particularly in the case of German, which is no longer accessible to the great majority of scholars working in these fields. As an introduction to Dvořák’s Denkmalpflege, this thesis provides the historical context necessary for an informed reading of the texts and, on this basis, evaluates his considerable contribution to the conservation of Austrian cultural heritage. The institutional history of the Central Commission and the emergence of modern conservation theory around the turn of the century are outlined as the preconditions of Dvořák’s activity, which included inventorization, institutional reform, published propaganda and a number of case-specific polemics. His responses to conservation issues in Vienna and Split are analyzed in detail as representative case studies from the centre and periphery of the empire, where modern conservationists were fighting a battle on two fronts against the incursions of modernity on the one hand and the destructive practices of nineteenth-century restoration on the other. Dvořák’s close collaboration with the Austrian heir apparent Franz Ferdinand is then investigated, followed by a critique of his reaction to the devastation of the First World War. In each case, it is argued that the state administration of cultural heritage in late Habsburg Austria, with its diverse peoples, languages and histories, was an inherently political issue and part of a cultural effort to preserve the empire itself.
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Oswald, Alison L. "A conceptual preservation plan for historic Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845943.
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*Graveyards are significant sites that are consciously and deliberately created. As both architecture and landscape architecture, graveyards are an intrinsic part of history that have helped define and establish architectural styles as well as address land use and associated issues.Graveyards provide some of the best and most lasting examples of art and sculpture through the ages. By examining the size, shape, ornamentation/articulation, style of carving and materials from which the stones are constructed, elements of social status and what individuals thought of the themselves are revealed. Valuable historic documentation is gleaned from graveyards in the form of genealogical information, social history, widespread diseases, wars/battles and demographics. The study of epitaphs discloses biographies of individuals and indicates what type of professions were dominant during a certain period. The religious symbolism of individual stones differentiates denominations and may lend evidence of a once-existent church or parish.*This term was traditionally used throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and therefore will be applied in the text where appropriate. The need to preserve graveyards is essential to humankind's understanding of the past,, people and the environment. As outdoor museums that are open to all, regardless of social or economic status, to visit and experience, graveyards are potentially one of the best educational tools for interpreting history, yet are seldom used. Graveyards must begin to be viewed as "interpretive sites" and not just as functional and emotional places for the dead. As a tangible aspect of history that contains sensitive records, the preservation of a graveyard must be carefully and innovatively handled. The stability that a cemetery presents in the ever-changing environment of a disposable society is threatened unless the site and its artifacts are properly maintained.Historic Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia, presents itself as a significant eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth-century graveyard/cemetery. It is the site of the 1781 Battle of Petersburg and the burial grounds for approximately 30,000 Confederate soldiers from the United States Civil War. The Old Blandford Church is the oldest church in the Petersburg area (ca. 1734-1737) and was the last of three brick churches built for Bristol Parish of Bristol, England, in colonial Virginia. The church also contains fifteen Tiffany stained-glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.Since the historic fabric at Blandford Cemetery needs to be preserved, restored, maintained and innovatively managed to ensure its future, this study has been undertaken with the sincere hope that others will find the enthusiasm, support and encouragement to seek out, preserve and interpret old graveyards and cemeteries.Department of Architecture
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Lefort, Nicolas. "Patrimoine régional, administration nationale : la conservation des monuments historiques en Alsace de 1914 à 1964." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037903.
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De 1914 à 1964, la conservation des monuments historiques d'Alsace est progressivement soumise à la législation et à la pratique administrative françaises. Cependant, les institutions introduites dans le Reichsland d'Alsace-Lorraine avant 1914 sont maintenues en vigueur après 1918 et certaines d'entre-elles sont même étendues aux départements " de l'Intérieur ". Après la centralisation des services d'Alsace et Lorraine en 1925, les monuments historique d'Alsace sont soumis à la même pénurie budgétaire que ceux des autres départements français. Le maintien en Alsace du régime des cultes concordataires permet toutefois aux édifices cultuels protégés au titre des monuments historiques de bénéficier de l'apport du budget des Cultes. En outre, les départements du Bas-Rhin et du Haut-Rhin prennent le relai de l'ancien Land d'Alsace-Lorraine pour subvenir à l'entretien des monuments historiques. La conservation des monuments historiques d'Alsace constitue un véritable enjeu national : le nombre d'édifices protégés ne cesse d'augmenter, les souvenirs et vestiges des deux guerres mondiales et les monuments d'architecture française sont particulièrement mis en valeur, alors que les monuments qui avaient été restaurés par des architectes allemands avant 1914 sont souvent " dérestaurés ". Le champ des protections s'élargit progressivement aux sites pittoresques, aux abords des monuments et aux centres anciens. Enfin, la connaissance du patrimoine alsacien progresse grâce à la réalisation de nouveaux inventaires.
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Walker, Amy E. "A tisket, a tasket, please don't touch that casket : an evaluation of cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1209806.
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American cemeteries have evolved from unsophisticated and crowded burial grounds to curvilinear and elegantly designed rural cemeteries to the functional business of the memorial park. Regardless of the type, all cemeteries are constantly changing due to their natural features and because of the deterioration of stone after prolonged exposure to the elements. Then add neglect or vandalism into the mix and cemeteries appear to be particularly doomed.This creative project examines the cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana. Working from "Cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana" by Rosaella Cartwright and Elizabeth Modlin, an inventory was completed for the sixty located cemeteries. The ten that were not inventoried were outside the scope of the project, could not be located, or inaccessible. The landscape features, markers, funerary art motifs, and preservation efforts were recorded and the data was then analyzed. Issues and challenges facing the cemeteries were investigated, including how to go about properly documenting a cemetery and general information on cleaning and repairing markers. Finally preservation guidelines and recommendations were proposed for the cemeteries in Delaware County.Department of Architecture
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Bačiková, Lenka. "Revitalizace zámku Veľké Leváre." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401819.
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The aim of this work was to create a study of revitalization and restoration of the manor house and park in Veľké Leváre. During the creation of the design it was necessary to re-evaluate the cultural-historical values of the manor house, the construc- tional-technical condition, the requirements of the potential investor and the demand for functions in the village’s proximity. I have realized that placement of a mono-function in a mansion is almost impossible, considering its extensive ground plan. The manor house, thus, creates a complex of functions that overlap each other. The result of the entire design is a com- prehensive solution of the full use of the manor house with the park. Hence, the park will have a relaxing and recreational function. In the proposal, I have also offered a possible plan of stages of project’s works. The manor house and the adjacent park can, thus, fulfill the full function in the society again.
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Bechetoille, Soizik. "Reconstructions et restaurations des monuments en bois. Les techniques traditionnelles du Japon face aux enjeux de la modernisation, de la construction du sanctuaire de Heian à Kyōto (1894) à la reconstruction du pavillon de l'Ultime Suprême de l'ancien palais impérial de Nara (2010)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP072/document.
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Cette recherche entend aborder la question de l’authenticité à travers les pratiques de restauration liées au patrimoine architectural au Japon avec pour principal objet d’étude, des bâtiments traditionnels en bois en cours de restauration. Une des particularités des techniques relatives à la transmission de l’architecture au Japon est certainement le démontage périodique des édifices. Cette impermanence constructive tire ses origines de conditions climatiques difficiles, de spécificités liées à l’architecture en bois, ou encore de pratiques religieuses ancestrales, comme la reconstruction périodique de certains sanctuaires shintō. Dans la notion de « reconstruction », il y a l’idée de bâtir « à nouveau » ce qui a été détruit, de rétablir, de reproduire, de redonner une forme primitive à une structure ou à un édifice à partir d’éléments fragmentaires (vestiges, sources épigraphiques, etc.). Cela suppose la mise en présence d’un objet nouveau – à la matérialité inédite – avec l’idée de refaire « une fois encore » quelque chose qui a, jadis, eu une existence. Cette définition nous invite à considérer la possible coexistence de différentes pratiques et différents niveaux de reconstruction. La « reconstruction - restitution » est souvent invoquée pour retrouver des savoir-faire manquants. Pour de nombreux spécialistes, la pratique de la restauration par désassemblage (et, par la suite, de la reconstruction) agirait comme une synthèse de techniques et de théories apparentées à l’architecture traditionnelle. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier différents cas de bâtiments reconstruits et les pratiques qui les animentThis research addresses the issue of authenticity through restoration practices on Japanese architectural heritage and focuses mainly on traditional wooden buildings under restoration. One of the particularities of architectural practice in Japan is certainly the periodic dismantling of old buildings. The origins of this traditional practice stems from harsh climatic conditions, specificities related to wooden architecture, or ancient religious practices including the periodic reconstruction of some Shinto shrines. This “non-permanence” of buildings allows the transmission of forms and techniques through ages and time. With the concept of “reconstruction” comes the idea of building “once again” what was destroyed, as well as restoring, reproducing or restoring a primitive form, a structure or a building from fragmentary elements (vestiges, epigraphic sources, etc.). This presupposes the creation of a completely new object – with unprecedented materiality – that is triggered by the idea of making "once again" something that already existed. This definition of “reconstructing” invites us to consider a possible coexistence of different types of practices and standards of reconstruction. The act of “reconstruction - restitution” is often invoked to retrieve a missing “savoir-faire” (technical know-how). For many specialists, the practice of restoration by disassembling (prior to reconstructing) constitutes (or involves) the synthesis of techniques and theories related to traditional architecture. The aim of this research work is thus to study different cases of building reconstruction and type of practices that drive them
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Detry, Nicolas. "Le patrimoine martyr et la restauration post bellica : théories et pratiques de la restauration des monuments historiques en Europe pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2120/document.
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La destruction des villes et des monuments historiques a connu une ampleur sans précédent durant la guerre 1939-1945. La reconstruction après 1945 s’inscrit dans un moment de profonde mutation pour l’histoire du monde. La restauration post bellica des monuments historiques s’inscrit dans le vaste chantier de la Reconstruction territoriale et politique de l’Europe ; il s’agit l’intervention architecturale sur la ruine produite par la guerre. Il existe "mille façons", de protéger, de détruire, puis de restaurer les œuvres d’art et d’architecture lors des conflits armés. Le sujet de cette thèse réside dans ces trois actions : protéger, détruire et restaurer. Elles sont un travail de l’homme. Deux actions, protéger et restaurer participent à des enjeux positifs pour les sociétés indépendamment du lieu ou du temps. L’action, "détruire", porte des signes négatifs, hier comme aujourd’hui, l’action de détruire dépend ou procède de conséquences géopolitiques très complexes. Le sujet de cette thèse concerne notamment deux aspects de la restauration des œuvres d’art et des œuvres d’architecture de 1945 à aujourd’hui. Le premier aspect peut être nommé "les théories", le second aspect "les pratiques". Les deux sont indissociables, dans un processus réflexif où la pratique vient valider ou invalider la théorie, tandis que la théorie se base sur la pratique dans son élaboration. De l’intention d’étudier ces deux aspects, découle la problématique à laquelle je me suis particulièrement attaché ; celle-ci consiste à comprendre en quoi les destructions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont contribué à renouveler les théories et les pratiques en matière de restauration des monuments historiques ? J’ai identifié ce renouvellement pour ensuite le définir et le documenter, dans différents contextes spatio-temporels, à travers les 5 chapitres de ce travail. La restauration des monuments historiques après 1945 en Europe, est à la fois le sujet, le terrain et le corpus de cette thèse. Pour rester réaliste j’ai choisi de travailler cette question principalement dans trois pays d’Europe : l’Allemagne, la France et l’Italie. Il s’agit de 3 pays qui ont une longue tradition dans ce domaine. La restauration des monuments historiques après 1945, s’appuie sur l’acceptation ou le refus du drame de la perte. En Europe elle se développe selon quatre périodes que j’ai identifiées comme suit: de 1939 à 1945 la période bellica ; de 1946-1972 la période chaude de la Reconstruction; de 1973 à 1989 la période intermédiaire ; de 1990 à 2015 la nouvelle période chaude ou "le patrimoine à l’état gazeux". Le long chantier de la restauration des monuments historiques après 1945 est un laboratoire européen ou un "collège invisible". Dans ce laboratoire et à partir de la pratique de la restauration, travail alors colossal, urgent et nécessaire, sont élaborées des techniques et des théories toujours valides aujourd’hui. J’ai ici organisé l’analyse de la restauration post bellica autour de la question des lacunes, d’abord analysée d’un point de vue théorique. Ensuite, j’ai imaginé, de façon nouvelle, une typologie des lacunes en architecture afin d’expliquer d’un point de vue pratique et constructif ce qui vient après : la réparation ou "la réintégration des lacunes". J’ai identifié différentes familles de lacunes qui affectent les édifices anciens pris dans la guerre. Il m’a alors semblé possible de parler de lacunes à différentes échelles et indépendamment du type d’artefact touché. J’ai voulu guider le lecteur, dans le labyrinthe de la restauration post bellica, avec la lacune comme fil d’Ariane. Le trou ou la chute d’un fragment d’enduit dans une peinture murale, l’impact de mitraillette dans une façade en pierre, la chute des voûtes et des charpentes d’une église, les cassures dans les travées rythmiques d’une façade, l’écroulement complet de la nef ou de l’abside d’une église, la destruction de tissus urbains autour d'un monumentRestoration of historical monuments after 1945 is based on the acceptance or the rejection of the drama of loss. I identified for major periods of restoration in Europe after WWII : 1939-1945; 1946-1972 ; 1973-1989 ; 1990-2015. In France, as opposed to Germany or Italy, historiography in architecture still does not deal much with the history of restoration post-bellica, ie with historical monuments destroyed during WWII and progressively restored afterwards. The historiographical task at hand is to study within different contexts (Germany, France, Italy, ex-Yugoslavia, etc) the practices of restoration once peace is back, ie the architectural intervention on the ruins produced by war. Although ferments of restoration (for both works of art and architecture) can be identified, in the current sense of the term, as early as the 1930’s, the discipline is going to mature under the impetus of the immense workshop of post-bellica restoration. Methods, techniques and theories, still valid today, are then produced and applied. My suggestion is that such a workshop can be considered as an European lab within which a kind of "invisible college" is at work, centered around a few major international experts. Architects, historians of art, superintendents, archeologists, natural and social scientists share their experiences and points of view. Research laboratories, universities, museums, churches, international organizations are involved from all over Europe. But Italy is at the heart of the « invisible college ». I have organized the analysis of the post bellica restoration around the question of "lacunes" (deficiency, gaps; shortcomings), first from a theoretical point of view. Then I imagined a new way, a typology of architectural shortcomings in order to explain a practical point of view and constructive comes after the repair or "reintegration of lacune (gap)". I identified different families of "lacune" (gaps) affecting older buildings caught in the war. It’s then possible to speak about "lacune" at different scales and regardless of the type of hit artefact. I wanted to guide the reader through the maze of post bellica restoration, with the "lacune" used as a red string. The hole or the fall of a fragment of plaster in a mural painting, the impact of machine gun in a stone facade, falling arches and a church structures, fractures in the rhythmic span of a facade the complete collapse of the nave and the apse of a church, the destruction of the urban fabric around a monument and the demolition of an old stone bridge are all shortcomings that make us react. That's faces these shortcomings, different each time, what post bellica restoration thought martyr heritage, subject of this thesis
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Costa, Tatiane de Carvalho. "A Arqueologia como instrumento de preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico : a "restauração do quarteirão dos trapiches" de Laranjeiras-SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3215.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThe purpose of this research is to investigate and to demonstrate the interface of archaeology in restoration interventions in the preexisting architectural heritage. In this context, the restoration of the “Quarteirão dos Trapiches” or Trapiches Block, a current university campus of the Federal University of Sergipe, carried out by the Programa Monumenta in the city of Laranjeiras/Se will be examined. The interaction between archaeology and restoration started in Brasil in the 1960’s with the beginning of Historic Archaeology research, and in the international context, since the first half of the 20th century through the recommendations of the international heritage charters, which followed international meetings of experts in cultural conservation and restoration. The main research aims are: 1) to identify the fundamental aspects of the restoration theories and their interface with the archaeological research; 2) To investigate the archaeological praxis in the preexisting architectural heritage and its contribution for the restoration project; and 3), to reveal institutional aspects which settle postures and practices referred to archaeology and for the preservation of the architectural heritage.
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar e demonstrar a interface da arqueologia em intervenções restaurativas na preexistência arquitetônica de valor patrimonial. Para tanto será examinada a “Restauração do Quarteirão dos Trapiches”, atual Campus da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, executada pelo Programa Monumenta na cidade de Laranjeiras/SE. A interação entre arqueologia e restauração se materializou no Brasil na década de 1960 com o início das pesquisas em Arqueologia Histórica e é proclamada no contexto internacional desde a primeira metade do século XX com as recomendações das Cartas Patrimoniais, resultantes de sucessivos encontros internacionais de especialistas no campo da preservação do patrimônio cultural. Desta forma estão delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar os aspectos fundamentais da Teoria da Restauração e sua interface com a pesquisa arqueológica; 2) Investigar as práticas arqueológicas na preexistência arquitetônica e sua contribuição para o projeto de restauração; e 3) Revelar os aspectos institucionais que regulamentam posturas e práticas referentes à arqueologia e à preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico.
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Fitzsimons, Rodney Desmond. "Monuments of Power and the Power of Monuments: The Evolution of Elite Architectural Styles at Bronze Age Mycenae." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1155651443.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Advisor: Dr. Gisela Walberg. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 20, 2009). Keywords: Mycenae; Mycenaean Architecture; Mycenaean Palaces; Mycenaean State Formation; Mycenaean Tholos Tombs; Shaft Graves. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Penela, Sonia Rives Jean. "La mise en valeur du patrimoine architectural de la ville de Toulouse /." [S. l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40004042c.
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Zheng, Qilin, and 郑琪琳. "Architectural heritage conservation in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194618.
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As a contribution to econometric research on the role of architectural heritage, this dissertation evaluates non-aggregate data for a total of 2142 designated National Priority Protected Sites (NPPS) in China using hedonic model and ordered probit model. Attempting to verify economic costs of conserving architectural heritage sites in China, the objectives of the dissertation are to find out the grading system of NPPS; to compare the monetary value and non-monetary value methods on architectural heritage conservation; to identify the current criteria of national heritage conservation maintenance funding (NHCMF) allocation for the NPPS; and to select and evaluate the key factors of NHCMF allocation for the NPPS. The research question of this dissertation is: “what are the decision criteria of NHCMF allocation in China?”. The dissertation conceives of one general hypothesis and 17 empirical hypotheses. The general hypothesis is based on the maintenance funding and grading system of each conservation project. The empirical hypotheses are generated from possible determined factors of NHCMF allocation, theories of sustainable development, economic value and heritage value.
Based on the real market information, 7 factors have been identified as the determined factors of NHCMF allocation of NPPS. They are “average household income”, “annual economic benefit”, “average personal salary”, “population”, “ticket”, “types modern building” and “types revolutionary sites”. Of these 7 factors, on the one hand, “average household income”, “annual economic benefit”, “population”, “entry ticket fee” and “types (revolutionary sites)” have positive relationship with the maintenance cost. The positive relationship result implies that the revolutionary sites locate in economic developed area with more population and higher entry ticket fee are more likely to get more maintenance funding. On the other hand, “average personal salary” and “types (modern buildings)” have negative relationship with maintenance funding. The negative relationship result reflects that modern buildings of NPPS with higher average personal salary are less likely getting more maintenance funding.
Based on the hypothetical market data, 4 factors have been identified as the determined factors of NHCMF allocation of NPPS. The factors of “population and “annual economic benefit” have the same relationship with monetary market data. The “maintenance funding” and “original usage” have negative relationship with grading system.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Reid, Bronwyn. "Cast architectural ornament : plaster and compo." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1214384.
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Plaster and compo are both materials used for cast architectural ornamentation. Preserving, repairing, and in-kind replacing cast architectural ornamentation is necessary to maintain the integrity of a space. Plaster and compo are visually and texturally very similar materials. Compo was invented to be a less costly substitute for plaster. Whereas the two materials are easily mistaken for one another, they are chemically quite different. The ingredients and methods used to create the two separate materials exemplify this difference. Understanding the differences is key to successfully preserving the ornaments and, thus, the spaces in which they are located. Repairing plaster with compo or compo with plaster can lead to the destruction of cast architectural ornaments. Furthermore, chemical paint removers that are safe to use on plaster can deteriorate compo. It is necessary to thoroughly understand the nature of the materials so that informed decisions can be made about their treatments. The study addresses the similarities and differences, the maintenance, deterioration, repair, and replacement of the two materials.Department of Architecture
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Doublon, Michel. "Le patrimoine architectural au regard du droit de l'urbanisme et de la décentralisation." Limoges, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIMO0417.
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Qu'est-ce-que le patrimoine architectural et quel est son régime juridique ? Malgré l'évolution récente des règles et des documents d'urbanisme, le patrimoine architectural n'est véritablement pris en compte qu'au travers de procédures spécifiques et d'institutions propres. Espoir d'un nouveau partage des compétences, la décentralisation du droit de l'urbanisme n'est qu'une solution imparfaite au problème de la reconnaissance d'un droit du patrimoine architectural. Car ce droit, de plus en plus en marge du droit de l'urbanisme, reste encore a la recherche de consécrationWhat is architectural heritage and what is law about it ? In spite of the last evolution in town planning rules and documents, architectural heritage is only a reality in a specific proceedings and institutions context. As the hope for a new deal to power, the decentralization of town planning law is only an imperfect answer to the problematic recognition of any architectural heritage law. Because this law, that is more and more apart from planning law, is still waiting to be recognized
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De, Luca Livio. "Relevé et multi-représentations du patrimoine architectural : définition d'une approche de reconstruction 3D d'édifices." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0009.
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L'acquisition des données spatiales en architecture a connu dans ces dernières années des progrès significatifs grâce à l'introduction de nouveaux instruments de mesure. Parallèlement, des techniques de traitements tridimensionnels (segmentation du nuage de points, maillage automatique, cartes de profondeur, modélisation paramétrique, photo-modélisation, etc. ) permettent d'obtenir des supports d'analyse de l'objet à différents niveaux de détail et pour différentes finalités. Cependant, dès les premières étapes de traitement des données acquises, les problèmes de représentation s'imposent, car la démarche de reconstruction tridimensionnelle nécessite des interprétations géométriques pour décrire les d'objets architecturaux. Cette thèse propose une approche permettant de conduire les opérations de reconstruction 3D en faisant référence à un ensemble de connaissances historiques spécifiques au tracé des formes architecturales. Ainsi, un modèle de description sémantique sert de dénominateur commun entre différentes représentations et jeux d'informations extraites à partir du relevé. La maquette numérique ainsi obtenue a pour vocation d'être exploitée pour la constitution de banques de données patrimoniales. Dans ce cadre, une approche de structuration spatiale et architecturale de l'édifice a été développée. La maquette numérique ainsi structurée devient alors le support privilégié de navigation et d'interactions avec les sources documentaires qui lui sont associées. Ces informations et les représentations géométriques multiples des objets constituant l'édifice peuvent être restitués de manière dynamique en fonction de différents points de vue utilisateursThe acquisition of the spatial data in architecture has known in these last years significant progress due to the development of new laser-based measuring techniques. In parallel, several geometrical three-dimensional processing techniques (point-cloud segmentation, surface reconstruction, depth maps, parametric modeling, image-based modeling, etc. ) allow to produce 3D geometrical representations for the analysis of the object at various levels of details and for various purposes (real-time navigation, measurement and shape analyses, mechanical studies, etc. ). However, starting from the 3D digitized point clouds, the representation problems are essential, because an efficient 3D reconstruction process of a building requires architectural knowledge interpretations to describe architectural objects. This thesis propose an approach to drive the 3D reconstruction operations using a whole of historical knowledge specific to the architectural forms layout. A semantic description model is used as common denominator between various geometrical representations and information sets extracted from the surveying process. The digital models obtained can be exploited for the constitution of patrimonial databases. Within this framework, an approach to structure the digital models witch describe the building according with spatial and architectural requirements has been developed. The digital mock-up thus produced plays a strategic role to support real-time navigation into the virtual representation of the building and to manage the interactions with its associated documentary sources. The documentary information and the multiple geometrical representations of the objects constituting the building can to be managed and updated in a dynamic way according to various user points of views such as
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Bonneau, Olivier. "La protection du patrimoine architectural à la croisée des droits de l'urbanisme et du patrimoine." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2006.
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La présente thèse, portant sur la protection du patrimoine architectural à la croisée des droits de l'urbanisme et du patrimoine obéit à une construction simple et claire (Partie I : les normes de protection du patrimoine et, partie II : leur sanction aux travers des procédures d'autorisation et de déclaration des travaux). Elle se propose de revenir sur l'analyse de la protection du patrimoine architectural par les droits de l'urbanisme et du patrimoine en vue de mettre en lumière les grands équilibres, tant entre les nombreux instruments juridiques spécifiques qui existent à cette fin qu'entre les acteurs qui y concourent (Etat et collectivités territoriales). Sa dimension professionnelle assumée (thèse financée par le dispositif CIFRE et réalisée au sein d'un cabinet d'avocats) lui permet de renforcer l'analyse juridique classique au moyen d'illustrations tirées de la pratique quotidienne de ces deux droits et, le cas échéant, de formuler des propositions d'amélioration des dispositifs existants. Elle s'emploie également à souligner le deséquilibre de la protection de l'esthétique sur le territoire français entre les centres historiques, très protégés et les périphéries urbaines, souvent laissées à l'abandon. Unanimement saluée par le jury comme présentant un réel intérêt scientifique en raison de l'éclairage précieux et inédit qu'elle apporte sur la question, cette thèse a fait l'objet d'une autorisation de publication en l'étatThe plan of this thesis which deals with the protection of architectural heritage analysed though planning law and heritage law is clear and simple. (Part I : standards of architectural protection, and part II : the sanctions due to licence and declaration procedures in relation with a construction work). Its main purpuse is to analyse the protection of architectural estate thanks to planning and patrimony legislation in order to enlighten the main lines between the numerous specific legal elements that already exist in that purpose, and the contributing characters (the State and territorial authorities). For the doctoral thesis was realized in a professional contexte (it was financed by the French Ministry of Education through the "CIFRE" programme and realized in a law firm) the usual legal analysis of the issue was intensified thanks to the daily practice of cases of the law in question. The thesis also suggests improvements to the already existing law. Another of its lines is the emphasis on the imbalence in the conservation of the design on the french territory between highly protected historical sites and often forgotten urban suburbs. The jury was unanimous in thinking the thesis represents a real scientific interest, for this analysis of the subject is valuable and has previously not been studied. It received an authorization to be published without necessary modifications
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Siwicki, Christopher Stephen. "Architectural restoration and the concept of built heritage in Imperial Rome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17971.
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This study examines the practice of restoring public buildings in ancient Rome and attendant attitudes towards them in order to develop an understanding of the Roman concept of built heritage. Drawing on a combination of archaeological and textual evidence and focusing primarily on six decades from the Great Fire of AD 64 to the AD 120s, a period of dramatic urban transformation and architectural innovation, it explores the ways in which individual structures and the cityscape as a whole was rebuilt. With specific reference to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, it is shown how buildings developed through successive reconstructions and that the prevailing approach was to modernise the aesthetic and materiality of structures, rather than to restore them to their original appearance. Furthermore, by recognising the importance of religion as a potential agent in the restoration process, a new interpretation of the exceptional treatment of the casa Romuli is proposed. With the intention of uncovering attitudes to built heritage in society more widely, the study goes beyond analysing the physical treatment of buildings to consider also how changes to the urban fabric were received by those who experienced them firsthand. Through examining descriptions of destruction and restoration in literature of the period, particularly in the works of Seneca the Younger, Pliny the Elder, Martial and Tacitus, an insight is gained into the ways that Romeâs inhabitants responded to the redevelopment of their historic built environment. This thesis argues for a Roman concept of built heritage that is dramatically different from many modern ideas on the subject. The findings question the extent to which the historical value and identity of a structure resided in its physicality, and demonstrates that the Roman concern for historic buildings did not equate to preservation of historic architecture.
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Epoh, Edjangue Richard Patrick. "La ville de Douala et les monuments publics : entre indifférence, rejet et appropriation (1963-2017)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29094.
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(INTRODUÇÂO) Présentation du sujet
Ce mémoire s‟inscrit dans le courant des études qui portent sur l‟histoire, la gestion, la
sauvegarde et la valorisation du patrimoine notamment dans ses aspects historique, artistique
et culturel. La présente étude s‟intéresse aux divers regards ou représentations que les
doualais, citoyens de la ville de Douala, ont des différents monuments installés dans l‟espace
public au sein de leur ville. Par monuments, nous entendons comme Nora Greani1
« un large
spectre de commandes officielles installées dans des espaces publics, allant des statues aux
sculptures en passant par des stèles, des édifices religieux, des tours ou encore des
mémoriaux2
». Mais nous comprenons aussi sous cette dénomination des édifices ou des
sculptures qui peuvent être le fait d‟initiatives privées ou de la société civile. Ainsi, dans le
cadre de cette étude, les monuments publics renvoient aux statues, sculptures, stèles, édifices
religieux, palais, mausolées, bâtiments publics ou privés à caractères d‟exception de par leur
architecture ou leur histoire, commandités ou non, par les pouvoirs publics ou tout autre
acteur privé. Néanmoins, notre mémoire se concentrera plus particulièrement sur les
monuments artistiques installés dans les espaces publics et plus particulièrement sur les
sculptures.
Il convient de garder à l‟esprit au cours de cette étude que plusieurs types d‟objets vont être
analysés notamment des édifices, des statuts et œuvres artistiques. Et même si nous désignons
parfois cet ensemble par le concept de patrimoine, tous ces objets ne renvoient pas à la même
réalité. Certains objets, principalement ceux d‟époque, ont acquis le caractère patrimonial à la
suite de leur encadrement juridique (classement) par l‟Etat. Les autres objets, beaucoup plus
récents, non patrimoniaux à ce jour, prétendent à ce statut de par leur capacité à réunir,
représenter la collectivité (la statue de la Nouvelle liberté par exemple).....
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Lepola, Lenny Crain. "The Indiana State Hospital Document Project : developing a graphic package for an architectural thematic study." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/454591.
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This proposed thesis is essentially a methodology for producing and assembling the graphic photo/documentation package of a large group of structures distributed over a broad geographic area. During the 1984/85 Indiana State Hospital Documentation Project, Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Planning, it became evident that neither standards nor precedent existed within the State of Indiana for establishing appropriate levels of documentation for individuals, firms and/or agencies applying to the State Review Board/Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology for Certificates of Approval for demolition of historic structures.This thesis will begin with brief discussions of: 1) various levels of documentation, including identifying one (or several) levels appropriate for this project; 2) preliminary field survey of the sites and structures, including photography, field notes and the acquisition of historic architectural drawings; and, 3) planning and contract development stages.Following this introduction the thesis will treat, in detail, the development of graphic materials (photo and line) utilized i n both the printed text and its accompanying photo/data package. Of note will be sections pertaining to: 1) the development of a sequential format, treating the project as both a written document and a graphic product; 2) field photographic techniques; 3) acquiring/developing/utilizing maps/site plans; 4) obtaining historic architectural drawings; 5) producing H.A.B.S. drawings; 6) reducing for reproduction and subsequent archiving of historic and H.A.B.S. drawings; 7) completing approved survey cards; and, 8) developing a comprehensive indexing system for all graphic materials.A summary will include, but not be limited to: 1) an assessment of the project's immediate ability to satisfy contractual requirements; 2) the project's long term value as both a written and graphic thematic study; 3) suggestions for the establishment of a hierarchy of levels of documentation for structures of recognized or potential historic significance facing certain demolition; and, 4) recommendations for the establishment of minimum state standards of graphic documentation for each specific level identified in 3).Department of Architecture
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Chaumier-Bouron, Morgane. "Les restaurations du décor sculpté du château de Blois au XIXe siècle à travers l'étude de son fonds lapidaire." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2005.
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Classé sur la première liste des monuments historiques et premier édifice civil à bénéficier d’une restauration ordonnée et financée par l’État, le château de Blois voit se succéder, dès 1843, deux chantiers de réhabilitation respectivement dirigés par Félix Duban (1797-1870) et Anatole de Baudot (1834-1915). Remarquable synthèse de l’histoire de l’architecture française, le château est aussi le terrain d’expérimentation de diverses conceptions, méthodes et techniques de restauration qui, apparaissant au XIXe siècle, animent le débat national au centre duquel se place Viollet-le-Duc. L’inventaire et l’analyse inédits du fonds lapidaire du château de Blois, collection à laquelle sont associés les études, modèles avant exécution et moulages en plâtre des motifs décoratifs avant restauration, permettent de renouveler les connaissances sur le décor sculpté des ailes Louis XII et François Ier. Grâce à la mise en perspective des plâtres, des pierres déposées, des façades actuelles, des sources manuscrites et iconographiques, cette étude révèle les spécificités de chacune des deux restaurations, leur opposition et leur complémentarité. Elle met en évidence deux perceptions différentes de la Renaissance et la façon dont elles sont traduites dans la pierre par les architectes du XIXe siècle. Le château de Blois est ainsi un chantier-modèle, tant par l’exemplarité des restaurations dont il est l’objet que par l’intégration, assumée, du XIXe siècle à son histoireClassified on the first list of “Historic Monuments” and the first civil building to have its restoration requested and funded by the French State, the Chateau of Blois was the object of two renovation programmes starting in 1843 and respectively supervised by Félix Duban (1797-1870) and Anatole de Baudot (1834-1915). An outstanding synthesis of the history of French architecture, the chateau was also the experimenting field for various techniques, methods and approaches of restoration appearing in the 19th century and stimulating the national debate, in which Viollet-le-Duc played a major role. These unique inventory and analysis of the lapidary collection of the Chateau of Blois, to which are added the studies, the mock models, and the plaster casts of the decorative patterns before their restoration, allow to renew the knowledge about the carved décor of the Louis XII’s and the Francis I’s wings. This study puts into perspective the plaster casts, the stones taken off the facades, the present facades, the manuscript and iconographic sources, and it hereby brings to light the specificities of each restoration campaign, their differences and their complementarity. It highlights two different perceptions of the Renaissance and the way they were expressed in the stone by the 19th-century architects. Thus, thanks to its exemplary restoration and the way it integrated the 19th century into its own history, the Chateau of Blois acts as a true model for restoration campaigns
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Lo, Chung-man Terence, and 盧仲文. "The first step to safeguard our modern architectural heritage: identification, registration anddocumentation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50700066.
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The demolition of Star Ferry Pier and Queen’s Ferry Pier, the controversial conservation approaches for Wan Chai Market and Central Market, and the recent crisis owing to proposed demolition of West Wing of Central Government Offices raise my deep concern on conservation of architecture of recent past. During public consultation for conservation approach for these modern buildings, the term of “collective memory” is widely adopted as the only core value of and justification to preservation. The architectural value of buildings of this period (i.e. 1950s - 80s) in Hong Kong, however, are always looked down or undervalued by conservation experts and general public owing to sheer quantities of such building type in our community.
This dissertation is to look into characters of modern architecture, values of such building type to our community and identify their exemplary works in Hong Kong. Through study of world-wide development of conserving modern architecture as built heritage in this dissertation, it tells us Hong Kong is far behind on this issue. We could not wait, but take our first step to safeguard the modern architectural heritage of our city. In the last chapter, therefore, we suggest major steps for conserving modern built heritage in Hong Kong – identification, registration, documentation, and study whether our modern built heritage could meet the six selection criteria of the World Heritage List.
Recently, I am pleased to learn that Hong Kong is applying for membership of Working Party on the Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighborhoods of the Modern Movement (i.e. DOCOMOMO – Hong Kong). I wish the research result in this dissertation could contribute to such application.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Clouten, Kirstin. "Architectural significance of the recent past." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1214379.
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An investigation of architecturally significant buildings constructed within the last fifty years, in the Midwest and the application of preservation theories to these significant buildings, to aid in evaluation strategies and preservation implementation.Recognition of recent past construction as candidates for architecturally significant cultural resources and the application of preservation theories to these buildings make for good design and preservation practice. Part of our responsibility, as preservation professionals is to promote the preservation of significant structures, regardless of the date of construction. Since there is no established process to aid in preserving recently constructed buildings of architectural significance, it is necessary to develop strategies to assist in the evaluation process.Department of Architecture
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Ribolet, Mathieu. "La décoration architectonique des monuments édens, lignons et sénons, du règne d'Antonin à celui des Sévères." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH032.
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La monumentalisation de l’architecture figure parmi les marqueurs les plus éloquents de la pénétration de la culture romaine en Gaule, après la conquête. Peu de temps après l’instauration du Principat, de nouveaux édifices couverts de sculpture ornementale viennent en effet bouleverser le paysage architectural désormais gallo-romain. Sans précédent dans les constructions laténiennes, les décors architectoniques connaissent dès lors une importante diffusion et évoluent au gré d’influences diverses dont les premières sont dictées par des jalons métropolitains comme le temple de Mars Ultor.Plusieurs auteurs ont déjà proposé des synthèses retraçant l’évolution des décors architecturaux de Rome à l’époque impériale, pour le Ier siècle notamment. Elles sont en revanche beaucoup plus rares dès lors que l’on s’intéresse aux provinces de l’Empire et en particulier au nord des Gaules et aux Germanies, alors même que le matériel y est abondant. Ce constat est d’autant plus vrai à mesure que l’on avance vers la dynastie des Antonins puis vers les Sévères, à tel point que la seconde moitié du IIe et le IIIe siècles sont des époques quasiment désertées par les chercheurs.Situé dans la lignée de travaux récents concernant le décor architectonique « tardif » en Gaule et dans les Germanies (Genainville, Champlieu, Neumagen, Bordeaux, Pont-sainte-Maxence), ce travail propose une nouvelle synthèse centrée sur les deux derniers tiers du IIe et le IIIe siècle de notre ère. À partir d’un corpus réuni au sein des territoires éduen, lingon et sénon, il tente d’une part de caractériser les décors employés sur les bases, colonnes, chapiteaux, architraves, frises et corniches. En mettant en lumière une évolution pour chacun de ces éléments, il est alors possible de dégager des éléments chrono-typologiques. La question du répertoire ornemental est également abordée, ce qui permet de s’interroger sur les mécanismes évolutifs, la circulation des modèles et les différentes contraintes qui président aux changements observés. Enfin, l’étude des blocs permet de proposer plusieurs restitutions et d’ainsi avoir une idée de l’activité architecturale qui caractérise les différents sites observésThe development of monumental stone architecture was part of the most telling clues about roman culture entering in Gaul, after Cesar’s conquest. Short while after the Principate started, new buildings covered with ornamental sculpture created a new architectural landscape in the territories that thus formed the roman Gauls. Even though architectonic ornaments had no precedent in the Iron Age, their spread quickly became very important. Ornaments thus started to evolve, taking monuments from Rome itself as first models ; for example the temple of Mars Ultor.Several authors have already written papers about the evolution of architectonic ornaments in the Imperial Rome, in particular for the Ist century AD. However, publications about the Provinces of the Empire are scarcer, especially regarding north of Gauls and Germanies. This observation is even more obvious for later periods such as the second half of the IInd and the IIIrd century A.D.My thesis belongs to a serie of recent works about « late » architectonic ornaments in roman Gauls and Germanies (about collections such as those of Genainville, Champlieu, Neumagen, Bordeaux, Pont-sainte-Maxence). It focus on a period from the years 130 to the years 230 AD (approximately from the reign of Antoninus to this of Alexander Severus). From a corpus gathered over three civitates (Aedui, Lingones, Senones), my work tries to define which ornaments were employed on the components of architectural orders (basis, columns, capitals, architrave, friezes, cornices), to understand how they were allocated, and to highlight how they evolved over decades. Ornamental repertory is also an important point : it allows to question about evolution mechanisms, patterns diffusion and other reasons that made handcrafters change their carving techniques. To finish, studying architectonic pieces provide possibilities of reconstructing monuments, so as to have a idea of what was building activity like in the three studied civitates
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Matri, Faiza. "La conservation du patrimoine architectural et urbain de la Medina de Tunis pendant la période du protectorat (1881-1956)." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29003.
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La thèse se rapporte à la question de conservation du patrimoine architectural et urbain de la médina de Tunis pendant la période du Protectorat. L'objet de la recherche est d'élucider les carences et les difficultés qui ont toujours entravé les politiques et les projets de préservation et pourquoi ces projets et ces politiques n'ont pas pu aboutir même avec un support théorique, des procédures et des méthodes bien élaborées. L'étude consiste en trois parties : dans la première, il s'agit de présenter la médina et ses monuments, puis les fonctions des édifices commerciaux et religieux, enfin la formation du concept de conservation-restauration dans les contextes européen et arabo-musulman. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'histoire des institutions de conservation patrimoniale pendant la période du Protectorat (Service des Antiquités et Arts, musées et bibliothèques), et celle de leurs activités scientifiques et administratives (fouilles, expositions, écoles). La troisième et la dernière partie s'attache à examiner l'évolution des pratiques de conservation selon différentes périodes : des premières années du Protectorat jusqu'à la veille de l'Indépendance.
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Fatsea, Irene D. "Monumentality and its shadows : a quest for modern Greek architectural discourse in nineteenth-century Athens (1834-1862)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65991.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 319-335).
The dissertation traces the sources of modern Greek architectural discourse in the first period of the modern Greek State following Independence and under the monarchy of Bavarian King Othon I (1834-1862). Its intent is to provide an informed account, first, of the intellectual and ideological dynamic wherein the profession of the modern architect developed in Greece in contradistinction to that of the empirical masterbuilder; and second, of the cognitive realm whereby modern Greeks formed their architectural perception relative to the emerging phenomenon of the westernized city. The dissertation offers a methodical survey of Greek sources of organized discourse on architecture authored mainly by non-architect scholars at the time. The focus of the writings is Athens, the reborn city-capital in which westernization manifested its effects most prominently. Monumentality, a concept with implications of cosmological unity and sharing in the same communicative framework, serves as a working conceptual tool which fa cilitates the identification, categorization, and analysis of different models of thought in reference to key architectural ideas (e.g., beauty, imitation, dignity). Special heed is paid to the writers' attitude relative to the country's monuments, both old and new, which were now considered the principal activators of ethnic unity, cultural assimilation, and national identification for diverse urban populations under the call for a return to the country's "Golden Age." The texts reveal that the urge for nation-building under the aegis of a centralized authority provided but little room for the development of disinterested discourse on architecture as opposed to instructive discourse which often followed the path of prescriptive or ideological reasoning. Bipolarity, moralism, reliance on precedent, and impermeability of boundaries were some of the characteristics of this reasoning. Architecture, in particular, was subjected to an ideologically-based dichotomy of classicism and romanticism which in theory obstructed any fruitful amalgamation of the two intellectual paradigms and which, in effect, displaced any organic/ evolutionist patterns of thought. The dissertation presents the discourse of the Greek philologist-archaeologists as the most influential in the shaping of the theoretical foundations of architecture as a new discipline, in the universalization of neoclassicism as the official style, and in the promotion of monumentality as the preferred rhetorical strategy toward the reacquisition of the country's ancient glory. The written and visual texts of the philologist- archaeologist Stephanos A. Koumanoudis (1818-1899) are set forth as telling witnesses of the relevance of this discourse to architecture, as well as of the positive and negative aspects of such a conjunction. The dissertation finally argues that organic practices of space use and manipulation with roots in the vernacular tradition persisted through the new era and informed people's response to building problems in the new city, yet now coupled with the rational categories of modernity as introduced by the aforementioned discourses.
by Irene Fatsea.
Ph.D.
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Ramírez, Vázquez Mónica. "Biodeterioro algal en monumentos históricos mayas de la zona tropical húmeda: Palenque, Yaxchilán y Bonampak (Chiapas, México)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96116.
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La mayoría de los monumentos históricos se ven afectados por la acción simultánea de factores ambientales y biológicos. La presente investigación se centra en la caracterización de los biofilms fotosintéticos y los factores abióticos involucrados en el deterioro de las zonas arqueológicas mayas del sureste mexicano (Palenque, Bonampak y Yaxchilán). Los biofilms se desarrollan tanto en la superficie como en el interior del material arqueológico (estuco y mortero). Las condiciones ambientales de la región son elevada irradiancia y humedad, combinada con un periodo de sequía. La distribución de estos biofilms ha sido analizada con varias técnicas de microscopia: Microscopia óptica, Microscopía Confocal (CSLM), Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) y Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión (TEM). Se han identificado por taxonomía clásica y biología molecular géneros de cianobacterias y algas: Chroococcidiopsis, Gloeocapsa, Gloeothece, Aphanothece y las especies Asterocapsa divina, Scytonema guyananse, Nostoc cf. commune y Trentepohlia aurea que se encuentran a 1-2 mm por debajo el sustrato y en la superficie. La distribución y composición de los biofilms en los sitios estudiados esta relacionado con las condiciones de cada sitio de muestreo, el tipo de sustrato (estuco y/o mortero) colonizado por los biofilms (bioreceptividad), la intensidad de luz recibida y la humedad relativa ambiental y la que el sustrato pueda retener. En la mayoría de los biofilms están las mismas especies pero en distintas proporciones. Las especies filamentosas S. guyanense y T. aurea dominan en zonas expuestas, mientras que las cianobacterias coloniales están en zonas relativamente protegidas, que coincide con sitios de mayor humedad. Se ha estudiado una especie que está en las tres zonas arqueológicas, N. cf. commune, es una especie que tolera la desecación y tiene varias estrategias fisiológicas que le facilitan la permanencia de cara a los cambios ambientales que se presenten a lo largo del tiempo.
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Concha, Lozano Nicolas. "Compatibilité et durabilité des pierres de substitutions dans les monuments. Aspects physicochimiques et visuels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739689.
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La conservation des monuments implique fréquemment une étape de substitution des parties dégradées par des pierres de tailles neuves. Cependant, la pierre d'origine est souvent indisponible, ce qui soulève la question du choix d'une pierre de remplacement compatible. La question de la compatibilité de la pierre est abordée à travers une démarche transversale considérant à la fois des critères physicochimiques et des critères d'aspect visuels. Les objectifs principaux ont été d'une part l'identification les mécanismes d'altération les plus impactants en termes de changement de couleur et d'autre part, la prise en compte du contexte visuel sur la compatibilité esthétique des matériaux de remplacement. L'étude porte sur un calcaire oolitique échantillonnée en carrière et sur des monuments bâtis à différentes époques. Il résulte que les lichens endolithiques ont un effet déterminant sur la durabilité et l'aspect à long terme de la pierre via un mécanisme protecteur d'imperméabilisation de la surface. Concernant l'aspect visuel, une méthode est proposée pour mesurer la gamme de couleur acceptable dans un monument à l'aide d'un test psychovisuel. Pour cela, une chaine de traitement d'image depuis l'acquisition jusqu'à l'affichage a été mise au point pour simuler des remplacements virtuels à partir d'images colorimetriquement calibrées. A partir d'un panel d'observateurs, un protocole de test a été conçu pour identifier la gamme de couleur indiscernable au sein d'une façade de monument. La discussion s'appuie sur des résultats préliminaires concernant la muraille de la cité médiévale d'Aigues-Mortes.
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Tsinas, Christophoros. "L' éclectisme architectural à Thessalonique (1850-1940)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010519.
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L'éclectisme est le courant architectural qui caractérise le paysage urbain de la ville de Thessalonique à partir de 1850 et jusqu'à 1940. Il constitue une conséquence directe des réformes de l'Etat Ottoman de cette période et en même temps une transcription matérielle de l'esprit du lieu. Il peut être divisé en trois périodes : 1) 1850 - 1880 (programmes: édifices publics et religieux, passages couverts, maisons de rapport, techniques constructives: bois, maçonnerie de pierre, métal, verre) 2) 1880 - 1917 (programmes: édifices publics, villas, édifices religieux et commerciaux etc. Techniques: maçonnerie de pierre, brique, métal, verre, béton armé, architectes: Poselli, Arrigoni, Péonidès) et 3) 1917 - 1940 (programmes : immeubles de rapport, immeuble de bureaux, techniques : béton armé, architectes : Moché, Rubens, Manoussos). L'éclectisme architectural à Thessalonique s'est avéré comme l'un des instruments principaux de modernisation et d'européanisation de la part de l'Etat Ottoman, de différentiation des différentes communautés de la ville, ainsi que l'expression de la classe bourgeoise et de l'individu et du climat de tolérance et de liberté relative de l'époque. Les notions de l'architecte, de l'ornementation, ainsi que de théâtralité ont joué un rôle très important.
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Leung, Ching-lam, and 梁靜琳. "Of bats and houses: bat mitigation measures in architectural conservation projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48345842.
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Bats are always found in heritage buildings in Hong Kong, especially the vernacular Chinese-style buildings. This is because the natural environment which suitable for bat roosting is reducing and the structure and low disturbance of the heritage buildings are suitable for bats to roost.
As conservation of heritage buildings arouse more and more attention in recent years, there are more and more conservation work projects in heritage buildings too. When planning conservation work in a heritage building with the existence of bats, what are the issues to be concerned? Since bats are protected by the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap.170), it will be an offence if works to be carried out which will hurt bats and destroy their roosts.
However, sometimes conservationists seem face a difficult choice in keeping the bats or carry out the conservation work. The work may impose adverse impacts to bats such as destroying their roost and disturbing them. But keeping the btas in the heritage buildings without the conservation work, the building may become dilapidated or even collapse. As there is no comprehensive bat mitigation guideline for conservation work for heritage buildings in Hong Kong. Although there are some guidelines available in Europe and USA, are they applicable in Hong Kong?
The aim of this dissertation is to provide a preliminary guide for building professionals/ conservationists to handle the bat issue when planning conservation work to heritage buildings with bat existence. The facts of bats in Hong Kong is studied then followed by the examination of mitigation measures proposed by Natural England with assessments and adjustments to fit the use in Hong Kong. Two local cases are studied and evaluation of the bat mitigation has been carried out. Finally, some points to note when carrying out conservation work in heritage buildings in Hong Kong have been discussed.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Yung, Hiu-kwan Esther, and 容曉君. "Architectural heritage conservation in Hong Kong: an empirical analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38934851.
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Cirier, Anne. "Le décor architectural des stèles funéraires gallo-romaines dans la région Centre de la France." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010657.
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La région du centre a été, à l'époque gallo-romaine, un centre d'art funéraire très actif, comme en témoignent les nombreux monuments découverts sur les sites de bourges, de Saint-Ambroix et d'alleans, pour les plus importants, que nous avons étudiés. Notre recherche s'est développée en deux étapes: 1) faire le recensement et la classification typologique de toutes les stèles, nous en avons identifié 483 avec les fragments. La forme de leur sommet (triangulaire, rectangulaire, cintre ou autre forme) a été le critère de base de cette classification. Cinq catégories ont été déterminées. Chacune d'elles comporte des subdivisions pour mettre en évidence des distinctions plus fines. Cette méthode a permis d'ordonner une production assez vaste et d'établir les bases nécessaires à la poursuite de cette étude, et a toute étude ultérieure dans ce domaine. De plus, elle rend possible l'insertion en bonne place de tous les nouveaux monuments dans l'avenir. 2) analyser, au moyen d'études statistiques successives, les différents éléments de la forme et du décor des stèles, pour observer leur répartition selon ces critères ; définir la stèle-type; déterminer les caractères généraux de l'ensemble pour juger de son homogénéité et discerner les codes qui régissent sa fabrication. Les résultats de ces études ponctuelles ont le mérite de déboucher sur des conclusions plus générales : sur la forme, qui révèle la volonté des artisans de représenter à travers ces monuments funéraires une architecture, un temple en réduction principalement, confondu parfois avec la maison. Le décor architectural très développé sur ces édicules ne peut contredire cette intention. Sur le sujet du décor ornant les niches et les tableaux, des personnages (le portrait des défunts), puis des autels et des guirlandes, qui ne sont pas incompatibles avec l'assertion exprimée ci-dessus. Sur les croyances funéraires de la population concernée, d'après les symboles astraux nombreux sur les tympans et sur quelques tableaux des stèles. Grace à l'épigraphie une esquisse de datation peut être proposée (fin du 1er au IIIe siècle environ), assortie d'un schéma de l'évolution des formes des monuments. Enfin, la distinction dans l'organisation du décor et d'ordre stylistique, entre les influences grecque et romaine d'une part, et l'apport local d'autre part, est signalée. Des résultats de cette étude il ressort que, malgré tout, cet ensemble est cohérent.
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Ramos, Paulo Oliveira 1951. "A princesinha branca e esbelta e o dragão negro e rotundo-um estudo de história do património de Lisboa, 1888 - anos 50." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Aberta, 2003. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30497.
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Demchenko, Igor. "Heritage of the Red Orient : theories and practices of architectural restoration in Soviet Central Asia (1920-1991)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101499.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Architecture History and Theory of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2015."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-210).
By critically reviewing theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the restoration of Islamic architecture in Soviet Central Asia, this dissertation reveals the mechanisms of transmitting ideologically predicated vision of the past into the physical fabric of historic monuments. It proceeds from unpacking the Marxist-Leninist concept of "progressive" heritage formulated within the discipline of historical materialism; in Soviet historiography of Central Asian architecture the category of progressive heritage was linked to the mathematics of proportioning and harmonization derived from Neoclassical architectural theory. Thus the progressiveness of architectural monuments was measured against the rises and falls of scientific rationalism in the history of the region while the Soviet stage of historic development was postulated as its ultimate triumph. The dissertation locates the "proportionalist" school of architectural historiography in Soviet Central Asia led by Mitkhat Bulatov, which united most of the practicing restorers in the region. It traces the history of proportionalist discourse from purely speculative schemes to efforts in grounding the mathematical relationships extracted from schematized measured drawing of architectural monuments in mediaeval geometric treatises. The careful textual analysis of Soviet scholarship (its key texts are translated and included in the appendix to the dissertation) testifies to the apparent anachronism of the proportinalist speculations, which in the Soviet Union were accepted as the successful reconstruction of medieval Islamic architectural theory and highly praised a triumph of Communist science by cultural authorities. Using Central Asian archives and published records of major restoration projects the dissertation documents the functioning of a mechanism that generated lost or never built parts of architectural monuments by treating them as mathematical equations of complex proportioning and harmonization. The scientific certainty achieved by Soviet restorers is reviewed in the context of international historic preservation standards to which they consciously resisted. Finally the materialization of Marxist-Leninist ideology in the medieval Islamic heritage of Central Asia is interpreted as an instance of de-conceptualization, which made ideology immediately accessible to the masses through non-reflective visual and corporal experience.
by Igor Demchenko.
Ph. D. in Architecture History and Theory of Architecture
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Victoir, Laura A. "Moscow-area estates : a case study of twentieth-century architectural preservation and cultural politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670078.
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Jeannot, Gilles. "Du monument historique au patrimoine local : l'évolution de la notion de patrimoine architectural à travers les publications des societés savantes et des associations de sauvegarde en France après 1945." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080274.
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La these s'efforce de determiner ce que recouvre la notion de patrimoine architectural pour les membres des associations de sauvegarde et des societes savantes. Elle recherche des definitions implicites a partir, d'une part, de la maniere dont ils decrivent dans leurs revues les batiments anciens qu'ils etudient, visitent ou defendent et, d'autre part, de leurs debats sur l'utilite et les moyens de les conserver. Quatre manieres de voir et de penser le patrimoine ont ainsi pu etre degagees de l'analyse d'un corpus constitue des publications des associations nationales et de celles de niveau local pour deux regions (la normandie et la franche-comte) de 1945 a nos jours. Tout d'abord, il y a celle du touriste attache a l'apparence des batiments saisis d'un regard dans leur cadre; celle de l'erudit archeologue pour lequel le monument est un document dont il faut preserver l'authenticite, et celle du traditionaliste qui ne recherche que les traces d'une culture vivante. Puis, apres 1960, apparait une nouvelle attitude qui va peu a peu se generaliser. Les batiments sont apprehendes par ensembles, des caracteres generaux sont degages puis rapportes a un reseau de determinismes locaux mis en evidence par la geographie, l'histoire ou l'ethnologieThe study endeavours to define the meaning of the concept of architectural heritage as used by the members of the preservation associations and learned societies. It seeks implicit definitions. On the one side from the descriptions published in their journals and magazines of the ancient buildings that are studied, visited or defended; on the other side from the argument concerning the use and means of the preservation of such buildings. Four general approaches of the heritage have been disclosed through the analysis of a corpus composed the publications of both national and local associations, the later concerning two regions (normandie and franche-comte) from 1945 on. These approaches are : the tourist's which focusses on the visual appearance of the buildings; the erudite's or archeologist's which considers buildings as documents ; the traditionnalist's which seeks only the marks of a living culture, and last from 1960 on, a new attitude which progressively tends to dominate as holistic entities, generally characterized and reffered to a set of local determinisms evidenced by geography, history or anthropology
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Frapet, David. "Les politiques publiques conduites en faveur des monuments français sous la Monarchie de Juillet, par le Parlement et la Liste Civile »." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30098/document.
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"Durant les 17 années du règne de Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, la France a entièrement restauré ses monuments historiques. La Monarchie de Juillet a entrepris la restauration et l'entretien de ses monuments construits sous l'Antiquité, le Moyen Age et le premier Empire. Parallèlement à l'action des Parlementaires, le Roi des Français, sur les fonds de sa dotation pécuniaire qui lui était versée chaque année par le Trésor Public, a entrepris un vaste plan de restauration des palais placés dans le domaine de la Couronne : Les Tuileries, Saint Cloud, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, Meudon... Il transforma aussi le palais de Versailles en "Musée consacré à toutes les Gloires de la France". Rien que ce chantier lui coûta personnellement la somme de 24 Millions de Francs.La Monarchie de Juillet, qui était un régime né de la révolution de Juillet 1830, devait se construire une légitimité à partir de rien. Ne pouvant se réclamer ni de la Tradition, ni de la gloire des armes, ni même de la Souveraineté du peuple ou du Principe monarchique, la jeune Monarchie de Juillet entama une vaste politique de restauration et d'achèvement de monuments qui dataient notamment de l'Empire et de la Monarchie absolue. Il s'agissait, pour Louis Philippe, de s'approprier l'intégralité de l'héritage politique français, afin de montrer le caractère universel de son régime. C'est ainsi que la Monarchie de Juillet construisit sa légitimité à gouverner la France.Cette thèse analyse les budgets investis dans les monuments français par les Gouvernements et les parlementaires, entre Juillet 1830 et Février 1848 (date de la chute de ce régime), ainsi que la politique conduite dans ce domaine des monuments, personnellement par Louis-Philippe à la même époque. L'auteur à dépouillé intégralement une partie du fonds O/4 des Archives Nationales de France, travail qui n'avait pas été réalisé jusqu'alors avec autant de précisions.""During the 17 years of the reign of Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, France restored fully its historic monuments. The “Monarchie de Juillet” began the restoration and maintenance of monuments built in ancient times, the Middle Ages and the first Empire. In parallel with the action of Parliament, the King of the French undertook a comprehensive plan of restoration of those palaces belonging to the Crown: the Tuileries, St. Cloud, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, Meudon, drawing from his own endowment fund annually allocated by the public revenue. He also converted the Palace of Versailles into a "museum dedicated to all the glories of France." This site alone cost him 24 millions Francs. The “Monarchie de juillet” which was a regime born of the revolution of July 1830, had to build legitimacy from scratch. Unable to claim to be the fruits of tradition, or military glory, or even the sovereignty of the people or the monarchial principle, the young “Monarchie de Juillet” entered into an extensive policy of restoration and completion in particular of such monuments dating from the Empire and the absolute monarchy. Louis Philippe aimed to take over the entire French political legacy, in order to show the universal nature of his regime. In this way the “Monarchie de Juillet” built its legitimacy to govern France.This thesis analyzes the budgets invested in French monuments by governments and parliamentarians, between July 1830 and February 1848 (the date of the fall of the regime), as well as the personal political commitment of Louis Philippe in the field of monuments, during the same period.The author has fully analysed a part of the fund O / 4 of French National Archives a work that has never been done previously with so much precision
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Legnér, Mattias. "Historic rehabilitation of urban spaces in Eastern Europe : plans for the reuse of a public building in Disna, Belarus." Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-828.
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Bagheri, Hamid. "Prestressed hybrids of AAC and HPC : The BCE (Block Composed Element) building system. A conceptual study." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Architecture, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4598.
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There is an important potential for a development of a building system, if the present AACblock plants are completed with high performance concrete and pre-stressing technique. This can be done as a continuation of a present AAC production or in a site factory.
Hybrid cooperation between AAC and concrete is not a new technology. Traditionally, AAC is covered with rendering. The wetted material is first sprayed with cement slurry after which comes lime/cement-based rendering which strengthens the wall and supplies a mechanical protection. AAC blocks can be used as infill members in concrete deck plates and concrete framed walls (Hellers, 1993), in which the shrinkage of the surrounding concrete locks completely the cured blocks into a stable composite.
A good cooperation between AAC and concrete is a requirement for the pre-stressed hybrid. This combination has been investigated with reference to bond and moisture content. The interface must have sufficient bond to supply shear strength to the structural member. Also, the concrete should be suitable for pre-stressing which requires a minimum strength class K40. Here, K60 is applied in order to reduce creep and avoid creep failure of the AAC. A production layout for the purpose is suggested.
This research consists of three parts:
1- Hybrid concrete elements The principal formulation of hybrids, built on cooperation between two concrete materials, a weak AAC and a strong HPC poured on top, shows that this combination unites the most favourable qualities of the two concretes into a structural element with rational building technology.
Load-bearing capacity is good, and the fire protection is excellent. Through pre-stressing of the structural concrete, a crack-free behaviour is guaranteed up to the service limit, and deflection from dead weight (incl. floor covering and possibly half the service load) be eliminated. The most important structural elements needed in a building system could be taken as hybrids. In drawings, different members like floor- roof- and wall members, window and door lintels are shown.
2- Production system for hybrids AAC blocks form a bed containing the pre-stressing steel in slits and on which high performance concrete is poured. Pre-stressing brings the two concretes together. This is especially important for the shear capacity of a building member, by which extra dowels can be omitted. The pre-stressing force is anchored by plates directly against the cured AAC blocks. A special pre-stressing bed is not required. The production is arranged in such a way that necessary equipment (trays, form strips, wedges, locks) are circulated within twenty-four hours. The necessary manpower for this facility is analysed. Normally 8 men are needed per shift.
A detailed conceptual production layout for a hybrid production plant is included for discussion. See figure 6.2 (suggested production layout).
3- Application in building The hybrid members are united at joints and through seams. Continuity over connections is achieved by filling seams with mortar grout. Reinforcement may be included to achieve ductility. By a similar method, it is possible to make connections between horizontal and vertical building members. Common connection details are shown in the report. This building method replaces the equivalent method with concrete or AAC members, and it is in fact a coordination between these two.
The maximum span of floor members is up to 9 m. It makes the system suitable for modern residential house production, but also suitable for office buildings, industrial halls and other applications. See attached drawings, part 2 and part 3.
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Lyons, George. "China dolls : a study of architectural terra cotta in America." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041895.
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There is a general lack of documentation which has been done on terra cotta production. Trends over the last several decades have shown that this industry is declining to the point where it could disappear completely. This project documents, through written descriptions and graphic illustrations, the process of terra cotta production in order to leave a record of what has been and what could be. Should the industry have a substantial resurgence to the extent that it is no longer in danger of extinction, or should general interest in the material develop further, this project will serve the purpose of an educational resource for the architect, preservationist, production industry and general public.It briefly covers the material and how it is formed, and how the way it is formed affects its limitations and durability. The project includes a history of the material from its most likely earliest applications to its current use. The history includes some of the major technological advances which have affected the material's production. A step-by-step guide to the production method involved in current terra cotta manufacture is included along with explanation of various related materials or processes which may not be commonly understood. Also included in this study is a look at the detection and correction of failures within terra cotta which is then outlined in a quick-reference tool for the preservation of terra cotta. The conclusion of the paper covers the outlook for the industry and the material along with ways for advancing both the knowledge of and desired use for terra cotta in new construction.Department of Architecture
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Limoge, Claire. "Méthode de diagnostic à grande échelle de la vulnérabilité sismique des Monuments Historiques : Chapelles et églises baroques des hautes vallées de Savoie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN014/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une méthode d’analyse de vulnérabilité sismique adaptée à l’étude d’un patrimoine historique complet très étendu, indépendamment de la renommée de chaque bâtiment. En effet la grande vulnérabilité sismique du patrimoine ancien, très souvent en maçonnerie, impose, afin d’éviter tout dommage irréparable, de se donner les moyens d’intervenir en amont. Notre démarche doit donc répondre à trois impératifs principaux: développer des outils de choix à grande échelle afin de hiérarchiser les besoins, offrir une analyse pertinente du comportement sous séisme d'une structure historique maçonnée même en première approche, et trouver des méthodes pour gérer le nombre important d’incertitudes qui caractérise le diagnostic des édifices anciens. Pour ce faire, nous étudions les églises et chapelles baroques des hautes vallées de la Savoie française, témoignages d'une période particulièrement prospère dans l'histoire de la Savoie et d'un mouvement artistique unique dans un environnement hostile. Dans ce contexte nous avons donc développé ou adapté différents outils afin de pouvoir traiter les particularités des édifices anciens et utiliser pour des édifices anciens en maçonnerie rustique les potentialités des techniques proposées pour les édifices modernes : modélisations numériques non-linéaires dynamiques temporelles, mesures vibratoires in-situ, analyse multi modale non-linéaireThe aim of this thesis is to propose a seismic vulnerability assessment method well suited to the study of a complete historical heritage, regardless of the prestige of each building. Indeed the great seismic vulnerability of the historical heritage, often in masonry, requires to act preventively in order to avoid irreparable damage. Our approach must tackle three main requirements: to develop large-scale tools of choice to prioritize the needs, to provide relevant analysis of seismic behavior on the structural scale even in the first study, and to manage the large number of uncertainties characterizing the old buildings structural assessment. To this aim, we study the baroque churches and chapels in the high valleys of the French Savoie. They witness to a particularly prosperous period in the history of Savoy and a unique artistic movement adapted to a harsh environment. In this context we have therefore developed or adapted different tools in order to handle the peculiarities of the old buildings. This way we can use the today proposed techniques for modern buildings to study these ancient buildings in rustic masonry: non-linear temporal dynamics numerical modeling, vibratory in situ measurements, non-linear multi modal analysis
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Cabello, Briones Cristina. "The effects of open shelters on the preservation of limestone remains at archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfefc6db-4b4f-4ef8-bff3-07795e2767fc.
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Shelters, as preventive conservation methods, have traditionally been considered a better option than leaving the site exposed. However, there has been limited research on their effect on the preservation of heritage materials and, as a result, there is no clear scientific evidence to support sheltering. This study aims to provide the first rigorous scientific assessment of the effect of lightweight, open shelters on limestone deterioration at archaeological sites. A method based on the use of low-cost environmental monitoring equipment and limestone blocks and tablets (as indicators of decay) has been developed to determine the degree of protection provided by the shelters at the Bishop' Palace (Witney, England) and Hagar Qim (Malta). Preliminary visual assessments of the field sites were followed by 12-18 month exposure trials. Temperature extremes and fluctuations, frost events, relative humidity extremes and fluctuations, NaCl crystallisation events, solar radiation, wetting events, salt content, atmospheric pollutants and dust deposition were monitored. In addition, stone decay was studied by analysing changes in weight, elasticity, surface hardness, ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface colour, moisture content and general appearance (microscopic and macroscopic pictures) in stone samples. An exhaustive assessment of the shelter at the Bishop's Palace was carried out using Chalk, Cotswold and Portland limestone blocks as well as Portland limestone tablets (specifically for studying dissolution, soiling and biological growth). Additionally, a comparative assessment of the effects of the two shelters in contrasting climatic environments, the Bishop's Palace (temperate maritime) and Hagar Qim (Mediterranean), was undertaken by monitoring Globigerina and Coralline limestone blocks simultaneously at both sites. The research has shown that lightweight, open shelters do not exclude decay completely but minimise it. However, there are some areas at higher risk of decay, i.e. top parts of the walls and the periphery. In addition, problems with the shelter design can enhance some decay mechanisms, such as biocolonisation on the periphery at the Bishop's Palace and dust deposition under the shelter at Hagar Qim. Therefore, the effectiveness of shelters should not be assumed.
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Langmo, Emelie, and Paula Starck. "Byggnadshistorisk dokumentation av Folkets Hus och Park i Norrhult." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6161.
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Chebra, Djamila. "L’architecture publique de Lugdunum : les monuments et leur décor du Ier siècle avant J.-C. au IIIe siècle après J.-C." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/fellague-chebra_d.
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Cette étude fait le point sur la connaissance des principaux monuments publics de Lyon à l’époque romaine. Il est ainsi question de l’enceinte et des portes ; des ponts ; des temples ; du forum présumé ; des palais ; des monuments de spectacle ; des thermes et d’édifices de nature indéterminée. Dans une première partie, chaque monument est présenté en prenant en compte tous les éléments susceptibles de fournir des informations : les vestiges en place des monuments, les blocs errants qui proviennent de ces édifices et qui ont été négligés jusqu’à maintenant, les inscriptions et la sculpture. L’auteur apporte ainsi des précisions ou des éléments nouveaux sur certains édifices concernant leur forme, leur date de construction ou de restauration, leur nature, ou même leur localisation. C’est le cas par exemple du cirque dont l’existence est attestée par des inscriptions mais dont on ignorait l’emplacement. Des monuments dont on ne soupçonnait pas l’existence ont par ailleurs été identifiés grâce à l’étude des blocs détachés de leur contexte. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la description des blocs qui n’ont pas pu être restitués à un monument et qu’il était utile d’intégrer pour l’analyse typologique des composantes des ordres et des motifs ornementaux. La troisième partie regroupe des synthèses sur le décor architectural, sur les monuments publics, sur les grandes phases du développement monumental et sur les ateliers de tailleurs de pierre qui ont travaillé à la réalisation des monuments de Lyon. En définissant la place du décor architectural de Lugdunum au sein des autres villes occidentales de l’Empire romain, cette synthèse dépasse ainsi le cadre de l’archéologie lyonnaiseThis study reviews the knowledge of the main public buildings of Lyon in the Roman period. It is so question of the surrounding wall and the doors ; bridges ; temples ; of the presumed forum ; palaces ; monuments of spectacle ; thermal baths and buildings of indefinite nature. In a first part, every monument is presented by taking into account all the elements that can supply informations : vestiges in place of monuments, blocks which result from these buildings and which were so far neglected, the inscriptions and the sculpture. The author so brings precision or new elements on certain buildings concerning their shape, their date of construction or restoration, their nature, or even their location. It is the case for example of the circus the existence of which is attested by inscriptions but the place of which we ignored. Monuments of which we did not suspect the existence were besides identified thanks to the study of the blocks untied from their context. The second part is dedicated to the description of the blocks which were not able to be restored to a monument and which it was useful to integrate for the typological analysis of the constituents of the orders and the decorative motives. The third part groups together syntheses on the architectural decoration, on the public buildings, on the main phases of the monumental development and on workshops which worked on the realization of the monuments of Lyon. By defining the place of the architectural decoration of Lugdunum within the other western cities of the Roman Empire, this synthesis so exceeds the executive of the archaeology of Lyon
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Moles, Vickie A. "A stone conservation inventory for the "old part" of Beech Grove Cemetery, Muncie, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101589.
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The purposes of this creative project were (1) to develop a stone conservation plan for some of the markers in the "Old Part" of Beech Grove Cemetery, (2) to bring attention to the plight of a sampling of the cemetery stone markers in the "Old Part," and (3) to provide a written and photographic database for those individuals who are concerned with the preservation/conservation of Beech Grove Cemetery, in the hopes that a conservation plan can be implemented throughout the cemetery.Results revealed that a vast majority of Beech Grove's markers are deteriorating due to several natural factors such as weathering and erosion, as well as to neglect and vandalism. I have included, in this project, 195 stone inventory forms with a correlating map and photograph of those stones surveyed. The results also confirmed my theory that little conservation has taken place in the cemetery. Some conservation efforts that have been applied to the stone markers have further damaged them due to inappropriate methods.Department of Architecture
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Ferreira, Camila Corsi. "Interlocuções entre a prática de restauração de Luís Saia e as teorias de restauro: São Paulo, 1937-1975." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102132/tde-01022016-164232/.
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Esta pesquisa trata da preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico dos períodos colonial e do café, dentro do contexto da prática de restauração arquitetônica empreendida pelo arquiteto Luís Saia durante sua atuação no Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (SPHAN). No exercício das atividades como chefe da regional paulista, Saia foi um dos personagens fundamentais para a prática da preservação no Brasil através da introdução de procedimentos de restauro, especialmente entre os anos de 1937 e 1975. Esta foi uma atividade precursora no país, uma vez que não havia referências anteriores no campo da restauração arquitetônica. No bojo das discussões sobre os parâmetros para a realização efetiva das práticas de preservação, a realização de uma releitura crítica das intervenções realizadas nos permite verificar a existência de referências a textos teóricos da restauração, como a Carta de Atenas (1931) e a Carta de Veneza (1964), apontando indícios de que sua atuação prática tenha encontrado respaldo nas cartas patrimoniais. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho avalia a presença de possíveis diálogos entre as teorias de restauro europeias, que serviram de base para a elaboração das cartas patrimoniais, e as intervenções de restauração empreendidas pelo arquiteto. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar seis obras emblemáticas, a fim de verificar uma provável fundamentação teórica que as conceituasse, formulada ou não preliminarmente àquelas obras, e em que medida foram orientadas por preceitos teóricos europeus de restauro, sobretudo italianos.This research deals with the preservation of the architectural heritage of both colonial and coffee period, within the context of architectural restoration\'s practice undertaken by the architect Luís Saia during his activities in National Historic and Artistic Heritage Service (SPHAN). In his operations as the head of São Paulo regional, Saia was one of the key characters in the practice of conservation in Brazil through the structuring of a restoration methodology, especially between the years 1937 and 1975. This was a precursor activity in the country, since there were no previous references in the field of architectural restoration. Luís Saia did not formulate a theory of restoration. However, in the midst of discussions on the parameters for the effective realization of conservation practices, conducting a critical rereading of interventions in SPHAN allows us to check for references to theoretical texts of restoration, as the Athens Charter (1931) and the Venice Charter (1964), showing evidence that their practice performance has found support in the patrimonial charters. From this perspective, this study evaluates the presence of possible dialogue between European restoration theories, which formed the basis for the development of patrimonial charters, and the restoration intervention undertaken by the architect. Therefore, we sought to analyze six emblematic works, in order to verify a possible theoretical basis that appraises them, formulated or not preliminarily to those works, and to what extent were guided by European theoretical precepts of restoration, especially Italians.
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Sener, Ipek Nese. "An Innovative Methodology And Structural Analysis For Relocation Of Historical Masonry Monuments: A Case Study In Hasankeyf." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605025/index.pdf.
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Historical monuments are the most invaluable reflections of our architectural heritage and cultural identity, both of which have significant roles to create a strong link between the past and the present. They should be conserved in their own settings with their original characteristics or with as minimum changes as possible. However, natural or man-made hazards cause a serious risk for the survival of historical monuments. While some of them require to be strengthened only, some should be relocated to a new site since there are no means to save them without transporting.
In this study, an innovative methodology is developed in a general sense for transporting historical masonry monuments without destructing their unity. In the proposed methodology, which is applicable especially to the slender historical structures, it is aimed to transport the structure by tilting it up to a horizontal ground level without dismantling into pieces. Due to the fact that masonry is a very brittle material, externally located prestressed cables are used to strengthen the structure against tension forces, which occur at the time of tilting.
Hasankeyf, which is the cradle of various civilizations, is an impressive medieval city located in Mesopotamia region in Turkey. Unfortunately, this unique heritage will be flooded by the reservoir of Ilisu Dam unless the project is cancelled. Therefore, a masonry minaret located in Hasankeyf is selected as a case for this study. Because of the non-homogeneous characteristics of the structural material, Finite Element Method, as a powerful analytical modeling tool, is used in order to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Finally, it is certified that this methodology is successfully applicable for the relocation of historical masonry monuments.
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Nahas, Patricia Viceconti. "Antigo e novo nas intervenções em preexistências históricas: a experiência brasileira (1980-2010)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-08032016-151656/.
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A tese \"Antigo e novo nas intervenções em preexistências históricas: a experiência brasileira (1980-2010)\", vem pautada na reflexão dos recentes diálogos entre antigo e novo, permanência e inovação, preservação e mudança, que fazem parte do cenário da produção arquitetônica contemporânea em que se assiste, cada vez mais, edifícios antigos tornaremse parte de uma nova história da cidade. Observa-se que o que deveria ser exceção tornou-se prática constante no cenário da arquitetura atual: em um monumento de valor histórico e artístico nem sempre se tem como objetivo, em uma intervenção, preservar o seu protagonismo e transmiti-lo em sua essência para o futuro; nem sempre seus valores estéticos e suas características históricas são respeitados; nem sempre a intervenção tem como foco o monumento, mas sim a projetação do novo associada a ele. E o que deveria ser a prática usual virou exceção. Cada vez mais encontramos intervenções na preexistência que se distanciam do rigor metodológico do restauro. Com variadas denominações - restauro, reabilitação, readequação, revitalização, reciclagem -, as ações de intervenção operam sempre com a dimensão do tempo: o tempo de vida do monumento; o tempo durante o qual ele foi submetido à degradação; as sucessivas camadas de tempo que a ele foram acrescentadas pelas transformações por que passou; e o tempo que lhe resta como monumento vivo. A fim de esclarecer essas e outras questões decorrentes dessa abordagem, busca-se investigar como se articulam as premissas teóricas e os critérios de projeto adotados nas intervenções em edifícios de valor histórico e artístico - onde julgamos encontrar-se o cerne do problema - a partir do pensamento italiano de restauro, tendo como base, em especial, os princípios da Carta de Veneza para a análise das características e dos procedimentos utilizados nas intervenções sobre preexistências históricas no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Foram estabelecidas oito tendências de intervenção mais recorrentes em um conjunto de obras analisadas, criando-se grupos com características semelhantes entre si, não totalmente rígidos e fechados, mas que, de alguma forma, pudessem facilitar a leitura das obras e caracterizar o panorama de intervenções no Brasil em relação ao campo disciplinar de restauro. Pretende-se promover a reflexão sobre esse tipo específico de produção ainda recente no Brasil e avaliar como essas intervenções se aproximam, ou não, do campo disciplinar de restauro. Portanto, tomando como referência uma série de obras pré-selecionadas, a intenção deste trabalho é averiguar as posturas, as características e os procedimentos que têm direcionado as intervenções em preexistências históricas no Brasil. O objetivo é analisar as escolhas feitas, verificando quais as tendências e posturas recorrentes e como elas dialogam com os procedimentos atuais sobre o restauro no campo internacional. Procurou-se avaliar a postura e procedimento de projeto a partir da excepcionalidade do monumento como objeto isolado e em seu contexto urbano, a sua função original, a sua destinação de uso, seus aspectos simbólicos e seus detalhes significativos. Dessa forma, foi possível aprofundar o estudo e caracterização de cada uma das tendências de intervenção. Para compreender o cenário brasileiro no que diz respeito à valorização de seu patrimônio e a materialização de quais valores, quais critérios e como os desafios da intervenção e conservação dos monumentos preexistentes são consumados na prática e, principalmente, como a palavra \"restauro\" vem sendo empregada na atualidade, foram analisadas, a partir de uma amostragem reduzida, 32 estudos de caso.The Thesis \"Old and new in the interventions in historical preexistence : the Brazilian experience (1980-2010)\", has guided us to reflect on the recent dialogue between old and new, permanence and innovation, preservation and change: aspects that are part of the contemporary architectural production scenery, where, at increasingly fast pace, old buildings have become part of a new history of the city. We can observe that what should be exception has become constant practice in current architecture: in an intervention of a monument of artistic and historical value for instance, not always it is the main objective to preserve its role and pass on its essence to the future, not even its aesthetical values and its historical characteristics are always respected, not always is the intervention focused on the monument itself, but rather on the projecting related to it. What should be usual practice has become exception. We find interventions on the preexistence that move away from the methodological rigor of restoring. Known as - restoration, rehabilitation, readjustment, revitalization, recycling - the actions of interventions always operate in relation with time: the life-time of the monument, the time during which it was submitted to degradation, the successive layers of time that were added to it along its transformations and the time left as a living monument. In order to clarify these and other issues on the matter, it is important to investigate the theoretical assumptions and criteria related to the projects adopted in the interventions on the buildings of historical and artistic value - which are, from my point of view, the core of the matter - starting from the Italian art of restoring, bearing in mind the principles of the Venice Charter for a better understanding of the characteristics and the procedures adopted in the interventions of historical preexistence in Brazil in the last decades. Eight trends of mostly recurrent interventions among a group of analyzed works were established: groups with similar characteristics, not totally strict and closed in order to enable the understanding of the works and characterize the range of interventions in Brazil related to restoring. We would like to promote reflection about this specific type of production still recent here in Brazil and to assess how these interventions come close or not to the disciplinary field known as restoring. Therefore, taking as reference a pre-selected group of works, our objective is to ascertain the attitudes, the characteristics and the procedures that lead to the interventions on the historical preexistence in Brazil. Our goal is to analyze the choices that were made, assessing the recurrent trends and attitudes and how they interact with the modern procedures in international restoring. We assessed the attitude and the procedure of the project considering the monument`s exceptionality: its essence of isolated object within the urban context, its original function, its usefulness, its symbolic features and its significant details. Thereby, it has been possible to deepen the study and characterization of each one of the trends in the intervention. For a better understanding of the Brazilian scenery in terms of appreciation of its heritage and materialization of which values, criteria and how the challenges in the intervention and conservation of the preexistent monuments are put in practice and, mainly, how the term \"restoring\" is currently used, we have analyzed 32 study cases.
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Marc-Blin, Séverine. "Architecture monumentale et décoration architecturale en Gaule de l’est et dans les Germanies à l’époque impériale : Les monuments publics de Mandeure." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20070.
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Dans l’est des Gaules et les Germanies, quelques monuments encore conservés en élévation témoignent du nombre et de la qualité des constructions publiques en territoire lingon, éduen, leuque, séquane, rauraque ou helvète durant l’époque impériale. Notre connaissance de cette architecture monumentale reste pourtant très lacunaire, du fait de l’absence d’étude monographique sur les monuments ou de catalogue des collections lapidaires. L’étude présentée dans le cadre de cette thèse, consacrée à la ville de Mandeure, révèle une panoplie monumentale ambitieuse, depuis l’époque augustéenne jusqu’à l’époque tétrarchique. Elle s’appuie sur une reprise des recherches sur le terrain depuis 2001, comprenant des fouilles mais surtout des prospections de toute nature. Mandeure, ville où se situait le plus grand sanctuaire civique séquane, présentait sous le Haut Empire toutes les composantes monumentales d’une ville romaine canonique : théâtre, temples, thermes, portes monumentales, horrea , etc. L’étude des vestiges conservés in situ et des blocs isolés permet de restituer les programmes architecturaux de plus d’une dizaine d’édifices complètement inédits et de leurs différentes phases de construction, de restauration ou de réaménagement depuis l’époque médio-augustéenne jusqu’à l’époque sévérienne. L’étude des programmes décoratifs permet également de restituer un répertoire ornemental très riche. L’influence des modèles italiens, sans doute par l’Italie du nord et la Gaule narbonnaise, signale le caractère canonique des réalisations. Plusieurs séries de grands chapiteaux en marbre de Carrare constituent un témoignage rare dans la région de l’activité d’artisans italiensIn Eastern Gaul and Germanies, several monuments still standing witness of the quantity and the quality of public buildings in lingon, aeduan, leuquan, sequan, raurac and helvet territory during the Imperial period. Our knowledge of this monumental architecture remains however incomplete, since there is no monograph dealing with those monuments or any lapidary collection catalog. This study, devoted to the city of Mandeure, reveals an ambitious display of monuments from the augustean period to the tetrarchian's. It is based on the fieldwork carried out since 2001, including digging and more specifically prospecting of all kind. Mandeure, the city where the largest sequani civic sanctuary was located, displayed during the imperial period every monumental elements of a classic roman city: theatre, temples, thermae, monumental gates, horrea, etc. The study of the preserved remains in situ and of isolated blocks unables us to re-establish all the differents process of construction, restitution or redevelopment from the medio-augustean era to the severinian's. The study of the decoration programs allowed us aswell to restore a very rich ornemental repertoire. The influence of italian models, probably coming from Northern Italy and the Narbonese Gaul, is a sign of the classic dimension of those realizations. Several set of large Carrare marble capitals constitute a rare testimony of the work of Italian craftsman in this area