Dissertations / Theses: 'Restorative effects of nature'

1

Raleigh, Mary-Jeanne. "Childhood Nature Contact And Its Effect On Adult Coping Skills." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1249417887.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Eko, Michael. "A portfolio of academic, therapeutic practice and research work : including an investigation of spending time in nature : restorative effects of mood amongst depressed individuals." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809295/.

Full text

Abstract:

This portfolio contains a collection of work written and submitted for the Practitioner Doctorate in Psychotherapeutic and Counselling Psychology at the University of Surrey. It consist the research dossier, all of which have been reworked and amended according to the feedback that was received at the time. The research dossier includes my literature review, one qualitative study and a quantitative study. The literature explores the relationship between ecopsychology and mental health problems such as depression, stress and psychological trauma. This is then followed by a study which explores depressed individuals’ relationship with nature. The final piece of research investigates the restorative effects of spending time in nature on the mood of depressed individuals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Nyström, Erika. "Long term restoration effects : Effects of restoration measures on restoration success in nature reserves in acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, wet heather, and wet grassland in Drenthe, Netherlands." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-425223.

Full text

Abstract:

Habitat degradation, fragmentation and loss are important factors causing loss in biodiversity and red listed species, and restoring habitats is essential in preventing this. However, there is a limited knowledge of the long term effects of restoration measures. This study focuses on analysing the long term restoration success of restoration measures carried out in a restoration program between the 1980's and early 2000's in locations of acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, wet heather, and wet grassland. The aim of the restoration program was to diminish the effects on ecosystems that were influenced by eutrophication, acidification, and dehydration. The locality species composition and Ellenberg values of nitrogen (EVN), moisture (EVM) and pH levels (EVpH) are analysed, by using previous and current restoration success scores from 54 locations in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. The dependence of restoration success score and Ellenberg values on change over time, habitat type, restoration method and EVN, EVM and EVpH are analysed. Restoration success depended on habitat type, with wet heather having significantly higher success compared to wet grasslands. The change in score over time, however, did not vary among habitats. Restoration success did not depend on restoration method(s), nor did change in restoration success. Ellenberg values varied among habitat types, and EVM changed significantly over time in dry heather, but was not significantly related to restoration success score. In conclusion, wet heather was shown to be doing quite well, but could benefit from additional restoration. Acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, and wet grassland have all shown poor long term restoration effects, indicating an overall need for further restoration measures. The results also highlight the importance of further studies into the effect of long term restorations, especially focused on finding successful restoration methods, and the importance of detailed data gathered in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Engell, Thomas. "Psychological Effects of Resting in Natural Environments : Improved choice reaction time and more efficient heart rate restoration as a function of resting with a window view of nature." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21230.

Full text

Abstract:

Research indicates that natural environments can induce restorative effects on cognitive capacity and autonomic arousal, yielding improvements in cognitive functioning and more efficient heart rate restoration. The present study investigates differences in choice reaction time (CRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) in students (N=10) resting with or without a window view of a natural environment after a minor physical exertion. Subjects performed a pre-test of a Deary-Liewald choice reaction time task before pedaling a stationary spinning bike for five minutes, followed by 10 minutes of resting in a chair with either a window view of a forest dominated hillside and field land, or a neutral view of a plain interior wall. Subjects’ heart rate variability was measured during the 10 minutes of rest, and post-test of the choice reaction time task was performed immediately after resting. Subjects elicited significantly larger improvement in CRTs after resting with a window view of natural environment, compared to resting with a neutral view. In addition, resting with a window view yielded significantly more efficient heart rate restoration, demonstrated by shorter heart rate restoration times. These results advance prior research by demonstrating both cognitive and physiological benefits of natural environments as a function of the same experimental manipulation, and offers support to both the attention restoration theory and the biophilia theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gilljam, David. "Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks: effects of adding oaks in the surrounding landscape." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16484.

Full text

Abstract:

The oak district of Östergötland is one of the largest oak forests left in Europe and it harbours many threatened species dependent on old hollow trees. In this study, the saproxylic beetle Osmoderma eremita living in hollow oaks was used as a model species and parameterised for a metapopulation model (the incidence function model) at the level of individual trees. The aim was to set up a number of conservation management scenarios, where new oaks were added to increase the quality of the matrix and then simulate the resulting metapopulation occupancy, using three levels of dispersal. A real data set of hollow oaks was used as the base for modeling. Oaks were added to cells in a lattice covering the study landscape, where cell size, cell position and numbers of oaks per hectare were varied. The results show that a larger area of added oaks and a greater number of oaks per hectare will give a higher increase in total occupancy, no matter the dispersal, but the second smallest cell size used (3.4 km2 ) will give the highest response per effort for medium and high dispersal abilities, and smaller cells with greater number of oaks per area can be more effective. The spatial position of the increase in occupancy differs depending on dispersal ability of the focal species and should be considered in conservation management work. For unoccupied cells, the effort required to get the cell occupied will be smaller for cells having a greater number of oaks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

abdulkarim, dina. "The Restorative Effects of Livable Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338328457.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Heckman, Bryan W. "The Restorative Effects of Smoking upon Self-Control Resources." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3664.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on a model that considers self-control (SC) to be a limited resource, research suggests that diminished SC resources increase the likelihood of smoking. Yet, no study has evaluated how smoking affects SC resources. This study used a randomized, 2 x 2 crossed factorial (SC depletion manipulation X smoking manipulation), between-subjects design to test the hypothesis that smoking restores depleted SC resources. To manipulate SC depletion, half of the 132 dependent smokers were instructed to suppress their emotional reaction to a brief video depicting environmental damage (i.e., Depletion), whereas the other half were instructed to “act natural” (i.e., No Depletion) during viewing. Half of the participants in each condition then smoked a cigarette, whereas the other half sat patiently, without smoking (i.e., Smoke vs. No Smoke). All participants then completed two behavioral measures of SC (Mirror Tracing Performance Task: MTPT; and breath-holding). As hypothesized, a disordinal interaction occurred between the Depletion and Smoking manipulations for duration of time spent on the MTPT. That is, participants in the depletion condition showed less persistence on the MTPT, unless they were permitted to smoke. There was no evidence for mediation of this effect from the influence of smoking on affect and/or urge. Thus, smoking appeared to restore depleted SC resources, independent of its effects on self-reported affect and urge. Findings suggest that restoration of SC resources may represent another form of negative reinforcement from smoking that may play a role in nicotine dependence, and could inform treatment development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Öster, Mathias. "Biological diversity values in semi-natural grasslands : indicators, landscape context and restoration." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Botany, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1352.

Full text

Abstract:

Semi-natural grasslands, which are a declining and fragmented habitat in Europe, contain a high biodiversity, and are therefore of interest to conservation. This thesis examines how plant diversity is influenced by the landscape context, and how plant and fungal diversity can be targeted by practical conservation using indicator species and congruence between species groups. Reproduction and recruitment of the dioecious herb Antennaria dioica was also investigated, providing a case study on how fragmentation and habitat degradation may affect grassland plants.

Grassland size and heterogeneity were of greater importance for plant diversity in semi-natural grassland, than present or historical connectivity to other grasslands, or landscape characteristics. Larger grasslands were more heterogeneous than smaller grasslands, being the likely reason for the species-area relationship.

A detailed study on A. dioica discovered that sexual reproduction and recruitment may be hampered due to skewed sex-ratios. Sex-ratios were more skewed in small populations, suggesting that dioecious plants are likely to be particularly sensitive to reduced grassland size and fragmentation.

A study on indicators of plant species richness, used in a recent survey of remaining semi-natural grasslands in Sweden, revealed several problems. A high percentage of all indicator species were missed by the survey, removing an otherwise significant correlation between indicator species and plant species richness. Also, a null model showed that the chosen indicator species did not perform significantly better than species chosen at random from the available species pool, questioning the selection of the indicators in the survey. Diversity patterns of the threatened fungal genus Hygrocybe were not congruent with plant species richness or composition. Plants are thus a poor surrogate group for Hygrocybe fungi, and probably also for other grassland fungi. Implications from this thesis are that conservation of semi-natural grasslands should target several species groups, and that an appropriate scale for plant conservation may be local rather than regional.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wikingson, Molly. "The effect of restoration of semi-natural grassland on arthropod populations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176392.

Full text

Abstract:

Semi-natural grasslands are valuable ecosystems that have a high biodiversity. Unfortunately, a lot of this biodiversity is being lost as semi-natural grasslands are declining in both size and number. Restoration to reestablish semi-natural grasslands is often done by removing shrubs and trees and planting seeds. After this reinstalment of management such as mowing, and grazing is done to keep woody plants away. Grassland management and restoration have a proven positive effect on species richness and abundance regarding vascular plants. Yet little is known about the effects on insects and spiders. By reviewing scientific publications, I explored how insects and spiders are affected by management, as well as how local and landscape factors affect restoration. Grassland history and timing of restoration, as well as insect and spider’s dispersal ability, affects the possibility of a successful restoration. Larger habitats with good connectivity and surrounding supporting habitats are positive factors for viable insect and spider communities. By comparing different publications, some species benefit from intensive grazing and mowing, and some show a negative response. Long-term low to medium intensive management will favor a higher biodiversity compared to short-term intensive management. In conclusion, balancing conflicts and trade-offs is the real challenge when it comes to semi-natural grassland restoration. In general, to benefit as many insect and spider species as possible management should focus on variation in grass height and flower abundance. However, more research on how insect and spiders are affected by grassland restoration is something I believe would benefit future conservation projects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

White, Kristi Elizabeth. "The Role of Nature in Physiological Recovery from Stress: A Critical Examination of Restorative Environments Theory." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4791.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, health researchers have become interested in "eco-friendly" or "green" healthcare. One of the current trends in the green healthcare movement involves incorporating natural elements into health care settings to promote the health of patients and healthcare workers. Research based on Restorative Environments Theory (RET) provides insight into the rationale behind incorporating nature into the healthcare setting. RET posits that pleasant natural environments help promote stress recovery by increasing positive affect, decreasing negative affect, and reducing physiological arousal. However, the components of this theory have not been sufficiently tested using a controlled laboratory environment. The purpose of the present study was to provide a more rigorous test of RET than what is currently found in the literature by using a controlled laboratory- based design. Undergraduates from the University of South Florida were randomly assigned to view 1) no images, 2) neutral, non-nature images, 3) pleasant, non-nature images, or 4) pleasant, nature images during recovery from an anger recall task. Overall, the results of the present study did not demonstrate support for RET. There were no group differences in recovery time for any of the physiological variables with the exception of TPR. Those in the pleasant, non-nature condition took longest to recover. Further, there were no group differences in affect ratings with the exception of positive affect, which was higher for those in the no-image control condition. From an evidence-based practice framework, this study suggests that additional empirical support is needed before RET is used as a foundation to justify widespread adoption of nature-based interventions using media presentation to represent the natural environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Michaelis, Jessica. "The Restorative Effects of Color and Environment Type on Cognitive Functioning." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5828.

Full text

Abstract:

Although individuals have limited directed attention capabilities, it has been shown that exposure to natural environments elicit cognitive restoration (i.e. Berman, 2008). It has also been shown that individuals prefer blue and green colors because they are relaxing and prompt happy feelings (Guilford & Smith, 1959; Mahnke, 1996; Wexner, 1954). The question however, is what aspects of nature elicit these effects: is it the natural colors, the environmental setting, or both? The present experiment will examine the effects of color (Blue, Green, Black and White, & Natural) and environmental setting (Urban, Foliage, & Aquatic) on measures of attention, short term memory, and mood. Additionally, this study was designed to replicate the findings of Berman et.al 2008, all while rigorously controlling for the pictorial content of its manipulation. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, no specific hypotheses were made. However, the goal of this research was to “tease apart” the effects of color and environment on the restoration of cognitive abilities. One hundred and nineteen non-color blind individuals completed pre and post tests for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y-1), Backwards Digit Span, and the Attention Network Task and viewed one of the twelve color/environmental setting picture sets between the pre and posttests. Results of the 2x3x4 Mixed ANOVAs do not support past research which suggests that natural environments are restorative in nature.
M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Modeling and Simulation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Andersson, Klas. "Två år efter restaurering:Vad har förändrats i bottenfaunan?" Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57353.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to examine if the benthos in a restored portion of a small lowland stream south of Linkoping differed from two non

restored reference areas two years after restoration. The reference areas were one stretch downstream and one upstream stretches of the restored

stream. The benthic invertebrates were collected using standardized kick sampling. In order to classify the communities and estimate any

differences, three different indices were exercised. In addition rank-abundance curves and checklists were used to get a picture of species

composition. The only index that showed a difference between areas was the Berger-Parker diversity index showing that the downstream reference

stretch differed from the other two. None of the analyses showed that the restored area was different from the other two, probably due to too short

a time since the restoration. To allow for the bottom substrate to develop and stabilize so that species can re-colonize the area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Roth, Anne-Sophie. "Naturen – en resurs för stressåterhämtning : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5342.

Full text

Abstract:

Stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa har blivit ett växande problem för folkhälsan. Stress, som är en normal reaktion, är i sig inte farlig för hälsan men vid långvariga fysiska och psykiska påfrest-ningar och brist på återhämtning från stress leder det till olika stress- och sjukdomstillstånd. Ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv är det viktigt att lyfta fram förebyggande och hälsofrämjande faktorer mot stress, vilket möjligtvis naturen kan inneha. Syftet med denna studie har varit att belysa de möjliga restorativa och återhämtande effekter av naturen som förebyggande resurs mot stressrelaterad ohälsa. Frågeställningen är: På vilket sätt kan naturen användas som resurs för återhämtning från stress? Metoden i detta arbete är en systematisk litteraturstudie baserad på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar fyra olika teman. Dessa teman är: naturens åter-hämtande effekter från stress, naturens restorativa effekter, naturens effekter utifrån olika typer av miljö samt naturens effekt i samband med olika aktiviteter. Studien visar på att närhet och tillgång till naturen är betydelsefulla faktorer till människors potentiella återhämtning från stress. Det handlar huvudsakligen om att ha tillgång till en stressfri miljö som kan tillgodose (utifrån dess egenskaper) den enskilda individens aktuella behov (utifrån dennes hälsa och välbefinnande) och inte lika stor betydelse ifall det är en skog eller ett grönområde. I samband med stressfulla livssituationer har mängden lättillgänglig natur från hemmet och tidsramen för utevistelsen visat på positiva samband. Naturen kan ha både fysiologisk och psykologisk inverkan på människan som oftast är den motsatta effekten till stressreaktioner. Den positiva effekten av naturen har setts öka ju mer stressad en person känt sig innan interventionen. Ut-övandet av fysisk aktivitet (FA) i samband med natur har uppvisat en synergisk effekt och ökat FAs faktiska hälsoeffekter. Studiens slutsats är att naturen kan vara en möjlig förebyg-gande resurs mot stressrelaterad ohälsa och därför är viktig ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv, men mer forskning krävs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Helmisaari, Minnamari. "Interaction in virtual restorative environments : How do different possibilities to interact affect the perceived restorativeness of a virtual environment?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12607.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis focuses on virtual restorative environments – specifically, the way that natural environments have been created in a virtual context to elicit beneficial effects on restoration and stress recovery. As the field of restorative environment research is mostly concerned with studying the environment itself, the interaction between participant and environment tends to consist of open exploration, and other ways to interact are often overlooked. The aim of this thesis was therefore to construct a virtual restorative environment with an additional possibility to interact, and to explore how the interaction is connected to a virtual environment’s perceived restorativeness. To gain deeper understanding about how different people perceived the virtual environments, the experiment was conducted using qualitative measures such as questionnaires, open questions and interviews. The results indicate that the perception of a virtual environment’s restorativeness is a very subjective matter, as the individual differences between the participants affected the way that they perceived the environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Overturf, Jan Hendrik. "The effects of diferent reinforcements on the fracture toughness of provisional restorative materials." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2033_1254998751.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most critical aspects of successful crown and bridgework is temporary restorations. Failure of temporary restoratins often affects the patient's confidence and mau result in unscheduled appointments for repair. This study compared the the fracture toughness of two materials commonly used to fabricate provisional restorations, namely Coldpac, a polymethyl methacrylate and Protemp 3 Garant, a bis-acryl composite. It also compard the fracture toughness of the two materials when reinforced with stainless steel wire, glass fibers and polythylene fibers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Chander, Kunal. "Effects of aging on dentin bonding and mechanical properties of restorative glass ionomer cements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58839.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: To examine changes in shear bond strength to dentin (SBS), flexural strength (FS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of four restorative glass ionomer cements: Fuji II LC (GC/America), Equia (GC/America), Ketac Nano (3M/ESPE), and Ketac Molar (3M/ESPE) after aging in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: For SBS testing, sound extracted human permanent molars were ground to flat occlusal dentin surfaces and fixed in circular molds with auto-cured acrylic resin.. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Fuji II LC, Equia, Ketac Nano, Ketac Molar. For each dentin surface, two glass ionomer cylinders were bonded. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva (37°C) and tested at 24-hour and 6-month time points (Shear Testing Machine, Bisco). For each material, FS bars (25mm x 2mm x 2mm) and DS discs (4mm x 2mm) were fabricated, stored in artificial saliva (37°C), and tested at 24-hour and 6-month time points. (Shimadzu). An additional FS study was conducted with glass ionomer specimens, stored either in distilled water or artificial saliva (37°C), and tested at 24-hour and 2-month time points. (Shimadzu). Data analysis included two-way ANOVA (p<0.05) with post-hoc Tukey’s tests to compare interactions. Results: There were no significant differences in SBS after 6 months storage, except for Ketac Nano, which showed a significant decrease in bond strength after aging. There were no differences in SBS among the four glass ionomers, at 24 hours or 6 months saliva storage. The diametral tensile strength values did not change significantly after aging except for Fuji II LC. All materials had a significant increase in flexural strength after aging regardless of the storage media (water or saliva). Fuji II LC had significantly higher DS and FS compared to other materials, at both 24 hours and 6 months storage. Conclusions: Aging did not affect SBS of materials except Ketac Nano. Flexural strength of all glass ionomer cements increased over time. Storage media did not affect flexural strength properties. Diametral tensile strength remained unchanged over time for all materials. Overall, Fuji II LC had superior mechanical properties compared to other materials.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Marselle, Melissa. "Growing Resilience through Interaction with Nature (GRIN)." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10116.

Full text

Abstract:

Well-being is fundamental for health. However, health and well-being are under threat by increased prevalence of depression and physical inactivity. Interaction with the natural environment may prevent these critical health issues, as research has shown that walking outdoors contributes to better well-being than walking indoors. The aim of this thesis was to investigate outdoor group walks as a potential public health intervention to enhance positive mental and emotional well-being, reduce stress, and foster resilience. This thesis evaluated Walking for Health, a national group walking programme in England using a nonexperimental, longitudinal design. Individuals who did (Group Walkers) and did not (Non-Group Walkers) take part in outdoor group walks completed two online questionnaires about their mental and emotional well-being, and covariates. To gain a broader understanding of how outdoor group walks may contribute to positive well-being, integrations were proposed between the Attention Restoration Theory and the psycho-evolutionary model, and the theories of coping and resilience. Findings show that Group Walkers had greater mental well-being and positive affect, and less negative affect, depression and perceived stress than Non-Group Walkers. Group walking had no affect on social well-being, connectedness to nature or resiliency. Outdoor group walk participation affected positive well-being through a decrease in perceived stress, and an increase in physical activity. Group Walkers demonstrated resilience against adversity on negative affect. No evidence of resilience from outdoor group walks was found for mental well-being, positive affect or depression. Group walks in farmland and green corridor environments may further boost mental well-being, and reduce negative affect and perceived stress, when compared to group walks in the urban environment. This research suggests that outdoor group walks are effective at improving mental and emotional well-being, and could be a useful public health intervention to reduce stress and foster resilience. Implications for theory are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Walsworth, Timothy E. "Analysis of Food Web Effects of Non-native Fishes and Evaluation of Stream Restoration Potential for the San Rafael River, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1095.

Full text

Abstract:

The highly endemic native fish fauna has experienced dramatic reductions in abundance and range because of anthropogenic activity. In addition to a highly altered flow, temperature, and physical habitat template, many non-native fish species have established populations throughout the basin. The San Rafael River, a tributary of the Green River in southeastern Utah, is home to populations of flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (C. discobolus), and roundtail chub (Gila robusta), and has experienced degradations representative of many rivers throughout the Colorado River Basin. Using the San Rafael River as a template, I examined (1) the effect of the non-native fishes on the food web structure of a Colorado River tributary and (2) whether any changes to the food web structure by non-native fishes impact fitness-related vital rates of native fishes in the river. Stable isotope analysis revealed that the non-native fishes present novel predator archetypes to the “three species,” but size-at-age and body condition analyses did not reveal any reduction in fitness between native fishes captured in the presence of the non-native fishes. Additionally, I used site-specific biotic and abiotic measurements to develop a model predicting “three species” relative abundance. Non-native fish abundance and spatially auto-correlated measures of physical habitat were found to be particularly important predictors of “three species” relative abundance. The model was used in combination with a longitudinal habitat survey to predict the current continuous distribution along the length of the lower San Rafael River, as well as to simulate population-level effects of relevant restoration actions. The eradication of non-native fishes resulted in significant population increases for each of the ‘three species,’ and physical habitat restoration resulted in significant population increases when executed in certain reaches, but significant population reductions if executed in other reaches. These results suggest that the restoration of physical habitat without addressing populations of non-native fishes will likely result in a limited response by the “three species,” and that the choice of restoration location is critical to its success.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Cracknell, Deborah Louise. "The restorative potential of public aquariums : psychological and physiological effects of viewing sub-aquatic environments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6687.

Full text

Abstract:

The role of natural environments, especially ‘green space’, in promoting human health and well-being is well-researched. However, less is known about the benefits of ‘blue space’ (e.g. the coast) or ‘managed’ nature (e.g. zoos). In this thesis, six studies investigated the restorative potential of sub-aquatic settings, specifically public aquariums and the biological diversity within them. Studies 1 and 2 investigated preferences for, affective responses to, and the restorative potential of, five built and natural settings (i.e. built, green space, blue space, natural underwater and public aquariums). Using the same measures, Study 3 focused solely on people’s responses to aquarium exhibits, sub-categorised by geographic region, level of species richness and abundance, and taxonomic group. Study 4 examined behavioural, physiological and psychological responses to one aquarium exhibit during three stages of restocking. Finally, to establish how perceptions of species richness and abundance influenced well-being outcomes, people viewed and evaluated either one (Study 5) or two (Study 6) large aquarium exhibits. These studies found that natural sub-aquatic and aquarium settings were as preferred, and perceived as potentially restorative, as green space environments, and different exhibits elicited different responses: ratings were higher for tropical exhibits (vs. temperate), high abundance (vs. low) and vertebrates (vs. invertebrates), although findings for species richness were mixed. Within one exhibit, higher stocking levels resulted in increased attention and interest, greater improvements in mood, and some physiological evidence of relaxation (e.g. decreased heart rate). Broad levels of marine life could be distinguished but estimates of actual numbers were poor. Viewing one or two exhibits tended to improve mood, decrease arousal and be perceived as restorative; any differences between the two exhibits were more evident when both had been viewed. Overall, findings suggest that engaging with different types of managed nature may provide valuable perceived human health and well-being benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Trowbridge, Charlotte C. "Long-term effects of prairie restoration : community structure and native plant population dynamics 6 years after experimental management." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54567.

Full text

Abstract:

Restoring degraded habitats with the goal of achieving long-term ecological complexity and stability is an essential component in combatting global declines in biodiversity. The main objectives of prairie restoration are to reduce the abundance of exotic species while enhancing native species richness and abundance, but it is often difficult to extend monitoring to evaluate these as long-term goals. Understanding how initial outcomes persist or change over time is essential for evaluating treatment efficacy. Additionally, observing how specific native populations persist and spread following restoration treatments can inform future decisions regarding seeding practices and management timelines. To assess the degree to which initial treatment effects continue after project completion, I revisited remnant patches of Pacific Northwest Garry oak savanna/prairie habitat 6 years after experimental restoration treatments were applied. I evaluated the composition and structure of the plant community at each site to determine if, and how, the effects of disturbance treatments and supplemental native seeding changed in the years following experimental management. I tracked the persistence of seeded species and measured spread of their populations as a metric to evaluate longer-term success, suitability of native species for restoration, and the ability of the habitat to support native plant populations. I found that plots that received supplemental seeding continued to exhibit higher native species richness than those left unseeded, and that both seeding and disturbance treatments could positively influence the long-term pattern of native species abundance. The initially-observed effects of disturbance treatments on reducing exotic grass abundance diminished after 6 years, but nevertheless these treatments significantly influenced the population trajectories of 4 out of 8 seeded species. There was spatial advance of most seeded species’ populations, as evidenced by occurrences in previously unoccupied plots. A case study of the seeded species, Plectritis congesta, allowed for estimation of the average rate of spread per generation and quantification of the long-term spatial influence of seeding efforts. The results from my extended monitoring confirm that seed limitation of native species and difficulties maintaining the reduction of exotic grasses continue to be major barriers to success in restoration of invaded prairies.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jacques, Rochelle R. "Effects of Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus (Asian stiltgrass; Poaceae) on native hardwood seedling growth and survival." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180715972.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Karlsten, Annika. "Quantifying the physical effects of stream restoration: With unmanned aerial vehicles and geographic information systems." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160181.

Full text

Abstract:

Stream restoration efforts often aim at restoring the physical complexity in streams, as an increased habitat heterogeneity is believed to increase biodiversity. It is important to quantify the physical complexity of streams before and after restoration, to know what actions are needed, and to monitor the results of the restoration. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and geographic information systems (GIS) for data acquisition is rapidly increasing, and the use of UAVs and GIS could facilitate the monitoring process. The aim of this study was to determine how the spatial complexity in streams can be determined by using UAVs and GIS. The physical features and the spatial complexity were quantified in five reaches in the Lögde River, pre- and post-restoration, by analyzing UAV photos in a GIS program. Three of six reach descriptive metrics, and three of seven complexity metrics, were shown significantly different after restoration. To validate the GIS analyzing method, a qualitative comparison of data from the GIS analysis to field survey data was conducted. The GIS method was shown effective for distinguishing morphological features on a larger spatial scale, and to show the spatial distribution of instream features, such as wood pieces and boulders. The accuracy when digitizing the bankfull edge of the stream was low on small scales, and the method likely underestimates the number of wood pieces and boulders in the streams. Preferable camera settings and weather conditions to avoid blurry UAV photos, and thereby enhance the accuracy of the GIS analysis, are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Montalvo, Francisco N. "Knowledge Sharing in Bioscience Clusters: Nature, Utilization and Effects." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Management / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1568731826878136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Grant, Ashley Stevenson. "RESTORATION OF NATIVE PLANT COMMUNITIES AFTER ROAD DECOMMISSIONING: EFFECT OF SEED MIX AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON VEGETATIVE ESTABLISHMENT." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05132009-123906/.

Full text

Abstract:

Road decommissioning is increasingly recognized as a critical first step in the restoration of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. In the past two years alone, the United States Congress has appropriated $90 million for road removal and watershed restoration. Despite this relatively large public investment, little is known about the efficacy or ecological effects of road-removal practices. One particularly important issue is the impact of post-road-removal revegetation strategies. This study evaluated 1) short-term effects of road decommissioning on plant community composition, 2) effects of seed-mix seed origin (native vs. nonnative), species diversity, and seeding density on vegetative establishment, and 3) impact of overstory canopy and coarse woody debris on revegetation success on recently decommissioned roads. Total vegetative cover declined by 60% one-year after decommissioning, with nonnative plants showing the greatest declines (ca. 90%). Although managers often justify the use of nonnative seed mixes by the need for rapid establishment of plants on disturbed sites, we did not find significant differences in percent cover of total vegetation between plots seeded with native versus nonnative species, one year after treatment. Furthermore, cover of native species was significantly higher on plots seeded with natives compared to other treatment plots (12.3% vs. 7.8%, respectively). On treatments seeded with nonnative species, 18% of total vegetative cover was due to cover of seeded species; in comparison, seeded species accounted for 43% of total vegetative cover on native treatments. These findings suggest that native seed mixes actually may outperform nonnative ones in terms of vegetative establishment after disturbance associated with road removal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Law, Eugene Philip. "Effects of site preparation and harvesting on the restoration of four native edible plant species to an old field ecosystem." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10130753.

Full text

Abstract:

Highly disturbed landscapes such as idle or abandoned farm land are known to experience losses in native plant diversity. Loss of diversity negatively impacts the ecological functions and services provided by an ecosystem. The restoration of native species to the landscape could therefore reverse this damage. This study examines the effects of prescribed burning, tilling, and mowing as site preparation prior to planting and biomass harvesting on the establishment of four native, edible, culturally significant forbs ( Apios americana, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus tuberosus, and Oenothera biennis) over the first two years after they have been introduced to an idle farm field. Species’ responses to site preparation treatments varied, possibly driven by the type of propagule from which they were grown. Harvesting of biomass prevented H. annuus from returning in the second year and significantly reduced abundance for the other three species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Giouvanaki, Asimina. "Nature’s Impact on Mental and Physical Wellbeing : A study of the mental and physical health in Greek Immigrants to Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36458.

Full text

Abstract:

In the past Man coinhabited harmoniously with nature only to have the balance disturbed with the advent of the Industrial Revolution replacing the green habitat with urban concrete settlements Consequently, the characteristics of the contemporary city pose a set of serious threat to man’s physical and mental health. Crowdedness, lack of apt infrastructure, pollution, noise pollution and rise in temperature are all contributing factors to the Man’s demised health and detachment from previous amicable coexistence with nature. For the past 30 years, extensive research has been conducted studying the correlation between man and nature, and nature’s impact on man’s health. The theory of “Biophilia,” by Edward, O. Wilson, Rachel and Stephen Kaplan’s “Attention Restorative Theory,” and Roger Ulrich’s “Stress Reduction Theory,” have been innovating and contributing towards gaining more understanding of the importance of a green environment in man’s everyday life. As a corollary the above-mentioned theories gave rise to the following quantitative study conducted over a 4-month period, including 81 respondents, in Spring 2020, focusing on whether a natural green environment in Sweden had impacted the mental and physical health in Greek immigrants to Sweden. The findings suggest that comparing the respondents’ life in Greece and respectively in Sweden there was indeed an improvement in the mood and health of the sample groups taking into consideration: how healthy they are, how healthy they feel, how happy they feel in relation to work, time spent in Sweden, marital status and of course the parameters that focus on the part of the natural environment at home and in their neighbourhood in Sweden. There seem to have been a statistically significant improvement in their health compared to when they lived in Greece but there is insufficient evidence to support that some of the parameters examined are responsible for this. Happiness on the other hand seem to possess a statistical important role due to their marital status among others along with the green surrounding environment having an impact on their mental well-being but not their physical health. Therefore, a more sustainable green environment seems to have impacted the overall psychological and physical state of the respondents, but further extensive research is recommended to investigate in depths others factors i.e., psychosomatics, environmental psychology along with nature related theories and studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Balfour, Martha. "Abiotic Differences Between Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Nests in Natural Beach and Engineered Dunes: Effects on Hatching Success." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2439.

Full text

Abstract:

Habitat loss is among the biggest threats to conservation worldwide, so habitat restoration plays an increasing role in endangered species management. This is especially true for species with high site fidelity, such as nesting marine turtles. Sand replenishment is commonly used to restore coastal beaches after severe erosion events, and may affect marine turtles and other species that live or reproduce in that habitat. I investigated how abiotic characteristics of sand used in a dune restoration project at Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, affected reproduction of the federally-endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Sand structure and composition can affect egg development and hatching success by altering nest conditions, with nests in fine-grain or very coarse sand suffering decreased hatching success. I determined that calcium carbonate content (27.0% ± 1.4 SE vs. 15.1% ± 3.8 SE), moisture content (3.29% ± 0.26 SE vs. 4.59% ± 0.25 SE), and grain size (427.53 μm ± 14.1 SE vs. 274.66 μm ± 29.1 SE) differed significantly between natural and restored dunes. Hatching success of green turtles (44.7% ± 6.2 SE vs. 65.8% ± 5.3 SE) was significantly lower on restored dunes compared to natural dunes with an estimated loss of 22,646 hatched eggs. Hatching success also decreased as the nesting season progressed. These results demonstrate the importance of regulating fill material used in beach restoration projects; substrate characteristics are easily evaluated and can significantly influence marine turtle hatching success.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lulow, Megan Elizabeth. "Restoration of California's inland grasslands : the role of priority effects and management strategies in establishing native communities and the ability of native grasses to resist invasion by non-native grasses /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Broberg, Thomas. "The value of preserving nature : Preference uncertainty and distributional effects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789172644472.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Castelblanco, Samantha A. "The Effects of Virtual Nature Exposure on State Social Motivation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3860.

Full text

Abstract:

Social health is an important predictor of overall health. Yet, it is an often neglected area of research. Strikingly, social connectedness is associated with a 50% reduction in risk of early death. While a plethora of research evidence supports the beneficial impact of nature exposure on physical and mental health, literature regarding the beneficial impact of nature exposure on social health is scant. In fact, no research to date has investigated the causal influence of nature exposure on social motivation, a construct comprised here of three measures (State Motivation to Foster Social Connections, State Positive Affect, and State Anxiety). The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to examine the effects of virtual nature exposure on state social motivation, and 2) to investigate adverse childhood experiences as a moderator of those effects. In this online study, adult participants (N = 444) aged 18 to 58 were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental video conditions (wilderness nature exposure, urban non-nature exposure, indoor non-nature exposure). After watching a 15-minute video, participants completed measures related to state social motivation. Results revealed a significant main effect of nature exposure on state social motivation. However, the effects of nature exposure on state social motivation were not significantly moderated by adverse childhood experiences. Results suggest that nature exposure may have a positive impact on the development and maintenance of social connections and should be explored further as a social health intervention aimed at improving overall health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ramsey, Scott C. "The Effects of Living Water on Participants' Connection to Nature." Thesis, Prescott College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10815090.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years a surge in research focused on the influences of water on humans. However, few have studied the effects of water on our relationship with nature, particularly to explore enduring impressions from a longitudinal perspective. Addressing these gaps, this qualitative exploratory research enlisted a case study methodology that employed multiple methods to investigate how a multi-day wilderness trip on the Tatshenshini River might affect participants’ connection to nature and position toward a sustainable lifestyle. The 12 participants were administered the Kellert Shorb Biophilic Indicator (KSBVI) questionnaire prior to the trip and reflected in journals during the experience. Six months after the trip ended a survey was administered. After 16 months, in-depth interviews were conducted. The results suggest that immersion into river time, an experience conceptualization that connected participants to nature’s rhythm, generally equated with a flow state and a condition of blue mind, positively influenced their connection to nature. It appears that living water in concert with awe-inspiring encounters in the natural world enhanced and affirmed participants’ position toward a sustainable lifestyle. Furthermore, this multi-day wilderness experience seemed to inform their orientation toward sustainability. The findings suggest that further research into the lasting effects of river time and awe within these types of contexts is warranted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mahmood, Shahid. "Long-term effects of restorative treatments on dental health : comparative study from a developed and a developing country /." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmm215.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Segage, Martina. "The effects of nature conservation on Local Economic Development in Timbavati, Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1769.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
The rationale for the establishment of nature reserves and protected areas has emphasized community benefits in terms of job and market opportunities, generation of income, facilitation of entrepreneurship and business, and the creation of an enabling local development environment within which locals would acquire the ability to make productive use of available opportunities and to resist the threats associated with poverty, deprivation, social exclusion and inequality. Evidently, the promotion of nature reserves has in recent years seen an unprecedented and, in many ways, uncomfortable convergence of the local economic development and environmentalism. Theoretically, the increasing popularity of nature reserves rests on the assumption that an enabling local economic development environment would be established wherein increased tourism would precipitate economic growth, job-creation and such other qualities which are collectively characterized as local economic development. However, in practice the interface of nature conservation remains scarcely tested. The study used Timbavati Nature Reserve which is adjacent different Villages including among others Timbavati Village to argue that the practice of nature conservation is far from popular pronouncements, captivated by the conjecture of an enabling local economic development environment. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 99 households from Timbavati Village was used to investigate the effects of nature conservation on LED. The findings of the study affirm that nature reserves are inherently preservationist and focus on protection of biodiversity, maintenance of critical ecological processes as well as ecosystem goods and services rather than “pro-poor growth” and “growth-focused” development paradigms. That is, the findings demonstrated that the Timbavati Nature Reserve is not contributing optimally towards LED as expected by the local communities. Although a general judgement could not be made, however, 28.3% of the respondents disagreed that the nature reserve produces desirable effects and 15.1% agreed that the nature reserve have undesirable effects on the village while 86.5% of the respondents were neutral on both effects. Additionally, the dearth of LED activities in the village vi indicated that the Timbavati Village does not get an injection from the nature reserve towards LED. Such findings indicate that the question of community ownership and access to natural resources remains unresolved where abundance of natural capital co-exists with poverty among communities. Thus, lack of integration, coherence, access to resources, local ownership, community participation and equal benefits sharing is apparent in most nature reserves and other protected areas including Timbavati Nature Reserve. Therefore, the study concludes that the Timbavati Nature Reserve is yet to contribute towards local economic development because its practice is devoid of community development principles.
University of Limpopo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Durant, Cheyenne Elizabeth. "Invasions in the Prairie Pothole Region: Addressing the Effects of Exotic Plants on Wetland and Grassland Ecosystems and Restoration Efforts." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31750.

Full text

Abstract:

Three wetland restoration methods: seeding, seeding + hay mulch, and seeding + hay mulch + vegetation plugs were compared via the plant community within a formerly cropped wetland in southeastern North Dakota. Arrangement of plugs were also compared to assess the success of native species establishment. Mean relative cover for native species and introduced species were recorded and analyzed to compare the restoration methods and plug arrangement. Three herbicide treatments were studied on upland prairie sites with and without prescribed burning to test effects on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control and seeded native establishment. There is no difference native species richness between the restoration methods six years post restoration, and no difference in plant cover in the different arrangement of plugs. Quinclorac significantly reduced leafy spurge cover; however, glyphosate treatments had higher cover of seeded native species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Rebelo, Alanna Jane. "An ecological and hydrological evaluation of the effects of restoration on ecosystem services in the Kromme River System, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71967.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MScConsEcol)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wetland systems provide vital hydrological ecosystem goods and services to mankind. When wetlands are transformed, through invasion by alien plants or replaced with agriculture, natural capital is lost, and the system is no longer able to provide the same quality of hydrological ecosystem services. Natural capital can be restored, but it involves substantial financial investment, and there is no guarantee that these hydrological ecosystem services will be fully recovered. This thesis aimed to investigate the hydrological impact of the land-cover changes in the Kromme River Catchment over the last 50 years, by using a combination of mapping and hydrological modelling techniques. We hypothesized that wetland loss in the Kromme has resulted in a shift in the flow regime, greater responsiveness to floods as a result of less storage, lower baseflow, and reduced water quality. We also hypothesised that the riparian invasion by Acacia mearnsii has caused flow reductions as a result of increased evaporation relative to the wetlands. Modelling results predict that over the past 50 years, the transformation of the floodplain wetlands in the Kromme River has shifted the flow regime, reducing baseflows and increasing the responsiveness of the catchment to extreme rainfall events. The invasion of A. mearnsii over time has also been predicted to have caused a reduction in river flow. Various restoration scenarios were considered, however if the Kromme were to be restored back to a land-cover state comparable to the 1950’s, 26.9 km2 (65.1%) of A. mearnsii would have to be cleared, and 5.2 km2 (34.2%) of the wetlands would have to be restored. The hydrological benefits would include a predicted increase in riverflow (42 mm/a), baseflow (2.9 mm/a), an increase in flood protection and improved water quality. This restoration strategy could be regarded as a type of insurance plan, and the benefits gained in terms of increased ecosystem service delivery would be the insurance premium. In conclusion it appears that restoration, insuring natural capital in the Kromme River, would provide significant economic returns on investment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Moeraslandstelsels voorsien die mens van noodsaaklike hidrologiese ekosisteemgoedere en -dienste. Wanneer moeraslande verander word, hetsy deur die indringing van uitheemse plante of vervanging met landboubedrywighede, gaan natuurlike kapitaal verlore en kan die stelsel nie meer dieselfde gehalte hidrologiese ekosisteemdienste lewer nie. Hoewel natuurlike kapitaal herwin kan word, behels dit beduidende finansiële belegging, en is daar boonop geen waarborg dat die hidrologiese ekosisteemdienste ten volle sal herstel nie. Hierdie tesis het ten doel gehad om die hidrologiese impak van die grondbedekkingsveranderinge in die Krommerivier-toeloopgebied oor die afgelope 50 jaar met behulp van ’n kombinasie van karterings- en hidrologiese modelleringstegnieke te ondersoek. Die hipotese was dat moeraslandverlies in die Kromme tot ’n verandering in die vloei-regime, hoër responsiwiteit op erge reënval as gevolg van minder bergingsruimte, ’n laer basisvloei en swakker watergehalte gelei het. Daar is voorts gehipoteseer dat die oewerindringing deur Acacia mearnsii ’n verlaging in vloei veroorsaak het weens ’n toename in verdamping uit die moeraslande. Modelleringsresultate dui daarop dat die transformasie van die vloedvlakte-moeraslande in die Krommerivier oor die afgelope 50 jaar die vloei-regime verander het, basisvloei verminder het en die toeloopgebied se responsiwiteit op erge reënval verhoog het. Die indringing van A. mearnsii het ook volgens aanduidings mettertyd ’n vermindering in riviervloei tot gevolg gehad. Verskeie herstelscenario’s is oorweeg. Om die grondbedekking in die Kromme te herstel tot wat dit in die 1950’s was, moet 26,9 km2 (65,1%) van die A. mearnsii verwyder en 5,2 km2 (34,2%) van die moerasland herwin word. Die hidrologiese voordele kan ’n verwagte toename in riviervloei (42 mm/a) en basisvloei (2,9 mm/a), ’n toename in vloedbeskerming sowel as beter watergehalte insluit. Hierdie herstelstrategie kan as ’n soort versekeringspolis beskou word, en die voordele verbonde aan beter ekosisteemdienslewering as die versekeringsuitbetalung. Ten slotte blyk dit dat die herstel van die Kromme, en die gepaardgaande versekering van natuurlike kapitaal, beduidende ekonomiese opbrengste op belegging sal meebring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Summerhays, Jan C. R. "Effects of Non‐Surface‐Disturbing Treatments for Native Grass Revegetation on Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) Metrics and Soil Ion Availabilities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1024.

Full text

Abstract:

Several restoration methods intended to increase the success of aerially‐seeded perennial grasses were assessed to determine their effects on cheatgrass metrics and soil nutrient bioavailabilities. These methods were: 1) imazapic herbicide application (140 g ai ∙ ha‐1, 210 g ai ∙ ha‐1, and no application [control]), 2) vegetation manipulation treatments (50% sagebrush overstory thinning, 100% sagebrush overstory thinning, sagebrush overstory and/or vegetative thatch burning, and no manipulation [control]), and 3) alternative seeding treatments (aerial seeding with raking, aerial seeding with activated carbon [AC] addition, aerial seeding with sucrose addition, and regular aerial seeding [control]). Treatments were arranged in 3‐way factorial designs, which allowed main effects and interactions between treatments to be assessed. Responses were followed for two growing seasons following treatment. Main effects of treatments and their interactions on cheatgrass metrics are described in Chapter 2. Herbicide reduced cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in 2009, but these variables were greater than in no‐herbicide plots in 2010. Burning decreased cheatgrass densities but increased weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in both years. One hundred percent sagebrush thinning resulted in greater cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in both years and greater densities in 2010. Sucrose addition decreased cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in 2009, but increased these variables in 2010. An interaction between AC and herbicide treatment was observed, with AC potentially sequestering and lessening the negative effect of herbicide on cheatgrass. Aerial seeding with raking and 50% sagebrush thinning treatments were not found to significantly affect cheatgrass either year. The effects of treatments (herbicide, 50% sagebrush thinning, aerial seeding on snow, and aerial seeding with raking treatments omitted) on soil nutrient availabilities are described in Chapter 3. We used ion exchange resin (IER) membrane probes to measure extractable quantities of 15 ions over three time periods following treatment applications. Burning resulted in short‐term increases in many soil nutrient availabilities, including nitrate (NO3 ‐), phosphate (H2PO4 ‐), and sulfate (SO4 2‐). Sucrose addition reduced availabilities of NO3 ‐ and H2PO4 ‐ during the first winter and growing season. No changes were detected with AC addition or 100% sagebrush thinning during any sampling time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Reinwald, Alexandra D. "Effects of Non-Surface-Disturbing Restoration Treatments on Native Grass Revegetation and Soil Seed Bank Composition in Cheatgrass-Invaded Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1537.

Full text

Abstract:

The conversion of sagebrush-steppe communities of the Great Basin into cheatgrass-dominated communities is one of the most dramatic ongoing land conversions in North America. Although restoration of these communities is a high priority to landowners and land management agencies, restoration of native vegetation is difficult. Several restoration treatments intended to increase the success of aerially‐seeded perennial grasses in cheatgrass-invaded sagebrush ecosystems were assessed to determine their effects on perennial seedling emergence and soil seed bank density and composition. Assessed restoration treatments were: 1) vegetation manipulation (sagebrush thinning and prescribed burning); 2) imazapic herbicide application; 3) seedbed amendments (aerial seeding with activated carbon addition, aerial seeding with sucrose addition); and 4) seeding frequency. The effects of these treatments were evaluated in two distinct sagebrush shrubland ecosystems in northern Utah. One is characterized as a remnant sagebrush stand with a cheatgrass-dominated understory and the other as a cheatgrass near-monoculture, completely lacking a sagebrush component. In the seed bank study, responses were assessed immediately and 1 year following treatment while in the seedling emergence study, they were assessed 2 and 3 years following treatment. Main effects of vegetation manipulation, herbicide application, and seedbed addition treatments and their interactions on perennial seedling emergence are described in Chapter 2. The effects of seeding frequency on perennial seedling emergence are also described in Chapter 2. Herbicide demonstrated potential for increasing native perennial grass emergence, although this response was delayed and not seen until 3 years post-application. Burning showed potential for increasing the emergence of perennial grasses 2 years post-burn. Results also suggest that potential exists to increase native perennial grass emergence through an increase in seeding frequency. In Chapter 3 I evaluated the effects of vegetation manipulation, herbicide application, and seedbed addition on seed pool dynamics. These results suggest that herbicide and sucrose may be useful tools for reducing exotic species richness in cheatgrass-invaded systems. Herbicide also showed potential for reducing cheatgrass seed bank densities. Additionally, results demonstrated that the reductions in cheatgrass seed bank densities observed immediately after fire are still observed 1 year post-burn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Horne, Robert. "The nature, determinants and effects of medication beliefs in chronic illness." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-nature-determinants-and-effects-of-medication-beliefs-in-chronic-illness(f0538faf-b7a1-4675-aa98-2724b9fff47a).html.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Heycock, S. "Effects of collective bargaining structures on the nature of industrial conflict." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372959.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Papa, Michael J. "Effects of Silvicultural Management on Coast Redwood Forest Composition, Density and Structure in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/647.

Full text

Abstract:

The multiple-objective exploratory study investigates effects of various silvicultural management regimes commonly applied to coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.) forests in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties, California, USA. A temporary forest inventory was installed in 24 harvest origin stands and 4 natural origin stands throughout the study area (sample area = 1189 acres). Data from the systematic sample of 233 one-quarter acre nested cluster plots (sample intensity = 4.9%) rendered overall forest descriptions in terms of species composition, density, and structure. The common forestry measures of trees per acre (TPA), basal area per acre (BA), and quadratic mean diameter (QMD) were calculated from the "snapshot" data and stratified by species groups and diameter ranges/canopy layers. Forest components were derived from the dataset by selecting specific groups within the forest as defined by the California Forest Practice Rules, literature, and common forestry groups (refer to the table below). An example of a forest component would be TPA of conifers from 2.1-14.0 inches DBH. In all, 162 forest components were analyzed through three research objectives: (1) general forest components, (2) small stem density and distribution, and (3) large stem density. The driving question behind the analysis is whether forest management is creating significantly different forest structure. If so, in which components of forest composition, density, and structure do those differences reside? A mixed-effects linear model tested overall significance and Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) method tested pairwise comparisons among the six management regimes. Each model was tested with a significance level of alpha = 0.05 (pairwise and experimentwise). A fourth objective compared two methods of late successional forest (LSF) classification based on QMD measures of canopy layers and diameter ranges. The methods were compared via a paired-sample t-test. The two methods are significantly different, but the investigation of LSF classification led to an examination of the validity of current LSF policy. It is suggested that the minimum overstory QMD for LSF classification be increased from 24.0 to at least 30.0 inches DBH. Furthermore, it is recommended that landowner incentives should be implemented by the State of California to encourage promotion of LSF and its functional elements. An underlying theme of all research objectives in this study is an examination of forest restoration management. Restoration management is intentional treatments that begin or accelerate recovery of a degraded ecosystem in regards to its integrity and sustainability relative to a reference condition, often defined culturally, historically, or ecologically (Society for Ecological Restoration 2004, Hobbs 2004, Hobbs and Norton 1996, Stanturf 2005). Results and conclusions were synthesized to discuss current restoration efforts in the redwoods. Recommendations for target stand densities and silvicultural methods are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

MERRITT, NANCY JANE. "THE NATURE AND VALUE OF DYADIC CHANNEL RELATIONSHIPS: EFFECTS ON MEMBER SATISFACTION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184029.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of the research is the management of dyadic channel relationships and, specifically, the formation of channel member satisfaction. Based upon the conceptualization of channels as social and political systems, member satisfaction is proposed as a function of the nature of the channel relationship, as represented by perceived power use, conflict, cooperation, and the definition of channel roles. Further, satisfaction is proposed as a function of the value of the channel relationship to members, as indicated by member performance relative to desired achievement levels. The research setting consists of the dyadic relationship between retailers and the dominant wholesaler in a contractual channel system, focusing on the retailer's satisfaction with the channel relationship. Self-administered questionnaires to 405 dyadic pairs of retail store owners and sales representatives of the wholesaling firm were used to obtain multiple measures of the research constructs. Particular analysis attention was given to the reliability and validity of measures and to the hypothesized relationships among constructs. The results of the research provide support for positive relationships between member satisfaction and role expectations, relative member size, and member performance and a negative relationship between member satisfaction and role stress. High correlations among measures of satisfaction, conflict, cooperation, and noneconomic power sources suggest that the measures are highly related and may not be discriminant, implying that they represent a more general construct, the attitudinal orientation of channel members.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Dussold, Christopher Kevin. "The nature of IPO lockups : the effects of equity sales by insiders /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025616.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lemenih, Mulugeta. "Effects of land use changes on soil quality and native flora degradation and restoration in the highlands of Ethiopia : implications for sustainable land management /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s306.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ben, Gassem Afnan Abdulfattah Ahmed. "Evaluating the effects of information provision on hypodontia patients' expectations of the process and outcome of combined orthodontic and restorative treatment." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluating-the-effects-of-information-provision-on-hypodontia-patients-expectations-of-the-process-and-outcome-of-combined-orthodontic-and-restorative-treatment(b1ba1251-571a-463e-a735-46a6a31f2613).html.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: The ultimate goal of the research was to improve information delivered to hypodontia patients regarding their condition and its’ treatment by understanding their expectations of the process and outcome of combined orthodontic/restorative treatment and the effects of patient education in modifying these expectations. Methods: A mixed method research design was adopted with three stages: (a) Study one: semi-structured interviews with 24 hypodontia patients who were either new, in-treatment, or had reached the end of their treatment to determine their information needs and their perceptions of the process and outcome of their combined orthodontic/ restorative treatment. (b) The results of the interviews were used as the basis for the creation of a hypodontia specific interactive computer based education material (ICB-EM) together with a valid and reliable hypodontia treatment expectation questionnaire (HTEQ). Both materials were piloted on a sample of new hypodontia patients (n=10) and a selected panel of experts to assess readability and content validity. The questionnaire was distributed to 32 new hypodontia patients to assess its internal consistency. (c) Study two: a prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted on 96 new hypodontia patients randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=47) who received the ICB-EM or the control group (n=49) who received a standard hypodontia leaflet. The main outcome measure was the change in the participants’ self-reported expectations of the process and outcome of combined orthodontic/restorative treatment as measured by the HTEQ. All participants completed the questionnaire at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2) and 3-4 weeks follow up (T3). As a secondary outcome, the patients’ acceptability of the method of information provision was measured using the treatment evaluation inventory (TEI) at T2. Results: (a) Themes relating to the participants’ information needs included; ‘what is hypodontia’, ‘treatment of hypodontia’, ‘hypodontia clinic’ and ‘educational material’. Themes relating to perceptions of the treatment process included: ‘hypodontia clinic’, ‘orthodontic treatment’, and ‘restorative treatment’, while themes relating to the treatment outcome included: ‘changes in appearance’, ‘functional changes’, and psychosocial changes’. (b) The ICB-EM and the HTEQ were found to have good face and content validity. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the questionnaire was 0.80 while for the treatment process and treatment outcome subscales it was 0.71 and 0.88 respectively. (c) The final sample comprised 76 participants; control group (n=38) and the intervention group (n=38). The mean age of the sample was 19 (SD = 7.24) years for the control group and 20.3 (SD = 6.9) years for the intervention group. With regards to the categorical response questions of the questionnaire, Chi square analysis revealed that both groups were similar in their expectations at baseline (T1). At T2, the intervention group conveyed better recall of the number of clinicians in the hypodontia clinic (X2 = 9.72, p = 0.021), the types of clinicians (restorative dentist X2 = 9.01, p = 0.003, dental nurse X2 = 5.23, p = 0.022) and were less likely to answer ‘I don’t know’ (X2 = 4.03, p = 0.045). In addition, a significantly higher proportion of participants in the intervention group expected to receive restorative treatment compared to the control (X2 =8.75, p = 0.013). At T3, the intervention group conveyed better recall of having a check-up and diagnosis in the hypodontia clinic (X2 = 4.52, p = 0.033), the number of clinicians in the clinic (X2 = 19.93, p < 0.001), and the types of clinicians in the clinic (restorative dentist X2= 5.05, p = 0.025, oral surgeon X2 = 6.41, p = 0.011 and dental nurse (X2 = 6.09, p = 0.014). With regards to the visual analogue scale items of the questionnaire a mixed-analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were statistically significant effects of time for the majority of the items meaning that patients expectations changed over the course of the study (T1 to T3), while there was no statistically significant effect of intervention and no significant interaction between time and intervention was detected. Participants in the intervention group were significantly more satisfied with the ICB-EM than individuals in the control group who received the leaflet (t = -3.53, p = 0.001). Conclusion: A new patient based 25-item HTEQ as well as a patient based hypodontia specific ICB-EM were developed. Both displayed good face and content validity. The questionnaire also displayed satisfactory internal consistency. Provision of information via the ICB-EM was more effective than provision by leaflet in terms of the participants’ recall of the hypodontia clinic. There was no difference between the ICB-EM and the leaflet in terms of patient expectations of the process and outcome of orthodontic and restorative treatment. Patients expressed a preference for the ICB-EM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Frame, Philip George. "The management of stringency and the nature of organisational sub-cultures." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1987. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19676/.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis explored financial stringency by analysing differing managerial interpretations and responses. The data was partially collected through an action research process with three management teams in a Social Services Department of a Local Authority. A concept of organisational monetarism was developed as a description of those approaches which predict positive benefits from restricted resource growth. Organisational monetarism, together with other analyses which also explain managerial responses solely in terms of characteristics of the stringency itself were found to be inadequate. Additionally sub-cultures and contextual features were identified as significant determinants of responses to stringency. Subculture is defined as collective, taken for granted, values and behaviours of a management team. These included management style and role and their definitions of the task. Contextual features were defined as variables within each group's internal environment. The five variables identified were: environmental control, task visibility, pattern of spending, unionateness and degree of professional development. Because these factors differed for each team, the extent to which management teams could effectively manage stringency also varied. The degree of congruence between organisational factors and the reductions task, and thus, the extent of management change required if the task is to be accommodated, determined the interpretation and response to stringency by management groups. With a high degree of congruence, where both sets of organisational factors facilitated the performance of the reductions task, stringency was interpreted as a routine matter and assimilated. With less congruence, stringency posed a threat and was avoided. A low degree of congruence indicated a need for radical change if the task were to be routinised. In this latter case stringency led to crisis and managers responded by overt resistance and withdrawal from reductions related activities. The organisational costs and benefits of these different responses, in terms of resource consumption, conflict, control and innovation, were explored. Finally, the significance of managing diversity and reformulating the organisation's strategy in circumstances of financial stringency was stressed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ahonen, Jani. "Can morphologic restoration of hydropower outlet channels create hydraulically suitable spawning and larvae habitats for grayling? : Modelling the effects of environmental measures with HEC-RAS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144188.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to model if hydraulically suitable habitats for juvenile and spawning grayling could be created by morphological restoration alone in the Bjurfors Övre hydropower outlet channel in the Ume River Basin. The study was done by 2D modelling with HEC-RAS using hourly water flow and level data collected during the period 20160521-20161029. Suitable water depth and velocity values for larvae and spawning grayling were collected from literature. Environmental measures for the Bjurfors Övre outlet channel were designed based on the morphology in outlet channels with documented reproducing grayling populations and large habitat diversities. The outlet channel at present morphology and after morphological modifications were modelled at different flow scenarios (0-369m3/s) and areas of suitable water velocities and depths before and after proposed measures were compared. Results show that suitable velocity areas would increase with a factor of between 1,03-1,81 and the suitable depth areas with a factor of 2,34-19,09 and that suitable depths may be the major limiting factor in current conditions. Results also show that zero-flow events at Bjurfors Övre hydropower plant create unsuitable velocities for larvae and spawning grayling and that the frequency and duration of such events could be more limiting than the mere occurrence of such events. The study indicates that the morphological restoration in hydropeaking outlet channels could improve the availability of habitats with suitability water depth and velocity not only for larvae and spawning grayling, but for other lotic organisms. The study also showed that HEC-RAS modelling is a potential resource effective way to assess to what extent certain proposed environmental measures may create suitable water depths and velocities in hydropeaking outlet channels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mancus, Philip Michael. "An international division of nature : the effects of structural adjustment on agricultural sustainability /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10247.

Full text

Abstract:

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "This dissertation studies the effects of national economic restructuring programs, implemented under the administration of multilateral development institutions, on the fertilizer intensity, energy intensity, and value efficiency of national commodity agriculture for the period 1980 to 2002"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-182). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Aduhene, Kenneth. "The nature and socio-economic effects of mal-development in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Yeh, Hsiao-Pu. "Physical, psychological and emotional effects of nature-based affordances of green physical activity." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20982/.

Full text

Abstract:

Physical inactivity and mental disorders are considered to be two urgent health challenges and strongly associated with non-communicable diseases in today's highly urbanised society (World Health Organization, 2010a). Green Physical Activity (PA) is suggested to be a tangible means to effectively promote physical health and mental wellbeing for urban residents (Pretty, 2004). In order to increase the probability of application for a wider urban population, this thesis focused on the first level of green PA (viewing nature indoors) for designing indoor PA environment. Lacking an appropriate underpinning theoretical framework, the ecological dynamics theory was proposed to guide the experimental setting and offer theoretical explanations. The aim was to examine the experience and effects of nature-based affordances for green PA. A theory-guided PA setting was created to examine varying richness of nature-based information (dynamic or static images, presence of visual-only or visual-acoustic information, single or multiple videos) with qualitative and quantitative data collected and compared to a more representative PA environment in three studies. The same physical measurements were made in all PA conditions, including heart rate, estimates of energy expenditure, speed, distance and rated perceived exertion. Responses to two questionnaires for psychological and emotional assessments were recorded, along with follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of participants in each study. In Study 1, three PA conditions that were designed included: two types of visual-only nature information (involving a dynamic and a static nature image) and use of self-selected entertainment to examine the physical, psychological and emotional effects and experiences of participants. A group of 30 individuals with diverse demographic backgrounds were recruited (mean ± SD: age 27.5 ± 9 years; mass 67.6 ± 11.1 kg; stature 173.7 ± 8.2 cm; BMI 22.2 ± 2.1) and completed all trials. Sixteen participants of the same group took part in follow-up interviews. Findings suggested that the appropriateness of nature information for treadmill running was vital for PA quality and experience because strong engagement with the dynamic image had positive and negative effects. Study 2 explored further the significance of the dynamic images effects on participants during physical activity. Another two types of nature information were investigated with increasing richness of information resources (a collection of ten short dynamic images with and without sounds) compared to an audio-only self-selected entertainment using the same measurements. A mixed-background group of 24 participants were recruited (mean ± SD: age 30 ± 6.9 years; mass 68.1 ± 10.7 kg; stature 172.0 ± 8.6 cm; BMI 23.0 ± 2.9) and completed all trials. Eight participants took part in follow-up interviews. Results indicated that personal preferences and the diversity of nature information presented in the dynamic images were proposed to be influential factors to when designing indoor PA environment. In both studies, running with diverse nature videos with sound was found to provide the most beneficial PA environment for a bout of running for 20-minutes. A preliminary study (Study 3) was performed to examine whether these effects might last for an extended period of time. Participant experiences were investigated when undertaking PA with multiple nature videos (9 participants) or with self-selected music (6 participants) over a longer experimental period (6 weeks). All 15 participants completed the follow-up interviews. No physical performance differences were observed, but the nature group reported greater psychological benefits and the music group reported that they received emotional benefits improvement. In terms of experience, participants developed their personally-favoured PA behaviours over time when running with rich and diverse nature-based information but no such observation was found in the music group. Overall, this programme of research endorses the benefits of green PA designed for an indoor environment between one to six weeks. Findings suggested that the essential considerations included the diversity of nature information a used in dynamic displays, with inclusion of nature sounds. Results highlighted that personal preferences of nature information are important when designing green PA programmes for promoting physical health and mental wellbeing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Chiang, Yeong-Fang. "The nature and effects of on-the-job training and their policy implications." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280252041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Restorative effects of nature'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles