Journal articles: 'Restorative effects of nature'

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Valtchanov, Deltcho, Kevin R. Barton, and Colin Ellard. "Restorative Effects of Virtual Nature Settings." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 13, no. 5 (October 2010): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0308.

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Egner, Lars Even, Stefan Sütterlin, and Giovanna Calogiuri. "Proposing a Framework for the Restorative Effects of Nature through Conditioning: Conditioned Restoration Theory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186792.

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Natural environments have been shown to trigger psychological and physiological restoration in humans. A new framework regarding natural environments restorative properties is proposed. Conditioned restoration theory builds on a classical conditioning paradigm, postulating the occurrence of four stages: (i) unconditioned restoration, unconditioned positive affective responses reliably occur in a given environment (such as in a natural setting); (ii) restorative conditioning, the positive affective responses become conditioned to the environment; (iii) conditioned restoration, subsequent exposure to the environment, in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, retrieves the same positive affective responses; and (iv) stimulus generalization, subsequent exposure to associated environmental cues retrieves the same positive affective responses. The process, hypothetically not unique to natural environments, involve the well-documented phenomenon of conditioning, retrieval, and association and relies on evaluative conditioning, classical conditioning, core affect, and conscious expectancy. Empirical findings showing that restoration can occur in non-natural environments and through various sensory stimuli, as well as findings demonstrating that previous negative experience with nature can subsequently lower restorative effects, are also presented in support of the theory. In integration with other existing theories, the theory should prove to be a valuable framework for future research.

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Moran, Dominique. "Back to nature? Attention restoration theory and the restorative effects of nature contact in prison." Health & Place 57 (May 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.005.

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Berman, Marc G., John Jonides, and Stephen Kaplan. "The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature." Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (December 2008): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x.

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We compare the restorative effects on cognitive functioning of interactions with natural versus urban environments. Attention restoration theory (ART) provides an analysis of the kinds of environments that lead to improvements in directed-attention abilities. Nature, which is filled with intriguing stimuli, modestly grabs attention in a bottom-up fashion, allowing top-down directed-attention abilities a chance to replenish. Unlike natural environments, urban environments are filled with stimulation that captures attention dramatically and additionally requires directed attention (e.g., to avoid being hit by a car), making them less restorative. We present two experiments that show that walking in nature or viewing pictures of nature can improve directed-attention abilities as measured with a backwards digit-span task and the Attention Network Task, thus validating attention restoration theory.

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Weber, Anke Maria, and Jörg Trojan. "The Restorative Value of the Urban Environment: A Systematic Review of the Existing Literature." Environmental Health Insights 12 (January 2018): 117863021881280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630218812805.

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Background: Stress poses a major issue in our modern society, making restoration an important research focus. Restoration likelihood has mostly been observed in nature, which was compared with urban environments that have little restorative potential, eg, industrial areas. However, many people reside in and need to find restoration in cities. The main aim of this review is to summarize research that has focused on investigating restoration possibilities in urban environments and the environmental elements interacting with the restoration likelihood of an urban environment. Method: This review focuses on studies addressing the topic of restoration possibilities in urban settings in built and human-made natural urban environments. The studies were searched via Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and PSYNDEX. All studies concerned with restoration in urban environments were included. However, studies concerned with nonoriginal data, solely investigating effects of natural environments or treating urban environments as a control for restoration in nature, were excluded from the review. Overall, 39 studies corresponded to the criteria and were included. Results: Natural elements in urban environments have a restorative potential and can increase the restorativeness of urban settings. Furthermore, built urban environments vary in their restorative potential, but promising results have been uncovered as well. Architectural elements, cultural, and leisure areas had a restorative value, whereas the findings on streets and residential areas differ. In sum, many urban locations can have restorative effects, but these effects may be influenced by factors such as cultural background, age, social components, and individual dispositions. Discussion: Certain urban environments hold a restorative potential. However, the literature on restoration in urban environments is still quite scarce and therefore has been of little practical use. Even though applying the findings to real-life environments is desirable, it might prove difficult, considering the overall sparse evidence. More research on the predictors of restoration likelihood (eg, social factors), generational and cultural differences, and comparisons between natural and urban environments is recommended.

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Neale, Chris, Stephanie Lopez, and Jenny Roe. "Psychological Restoration and the Effect of People in Nature and Urban Scenes: A Laboratory Experiment." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116464.

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It is well-evidenced that exposure to natural environments increases psychological restoration as compared to non-natural settings, increasing our ability to recover from stress, low mood, and mental fatigue and encouraging positive social interactions that cultivate social cohesion. However, very few studies have explored how the inclusion of people within a given environment—either urban or natural settings—affect restorative health outcomes. We present three laboratory-based studies examining, first, the effect of nature vs. urban scenes, and second, investigating nature ‘with’ vs. ‘without’ people—using static and moving imagery—on psychological restoration and social wellbeing. Our third study explores differences between urban and natural settings both with vs. without people, using video stimuli to understand potential restorative and social wellbeing effects. Outcome measures across all studies included perceived social belonging, loneliness, subjective mood, and perceived restorativeness. Studies 1 and 2 both used a within group, randomized crossover design. Study 1 (n = 45, mean age = 20.7) explored static imagery of environmental conditions without people; findings were consistent with restorative theories showing a positive effect of nature exposure on all outcome measures. Study 2 compared nature scenes with vs. without people (n = 47, mean age = 20.9) and we found no significant differences on our outcome measures between either social scenario, though both scenarios generated positive wellbeing outcomes. Study 3, conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk, employed an independent group design with subjects randomly assigned to one of four conditions; an urban vs. nature setting, with vs. without people. We explored the effect of moving imagery on psychological restoration (n = 200, mean age = 35.7) and our findings showed no impact on belonging, loneliness, or mood between conditions, but did show that—regardless of the inclusion of people—the nature settings were more restorative than the urban. There were no differences in psychological restoration between nature conditions with vs. without people. We discuss the implications for restorative environment research exploring social-environmental interactions.

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Schutte, Anne R., Julia C. Torquati, and Heidi L. Beattie. "Impact of Urban Nature on Executive Functioning in Early and Middle Childhood." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515603095.

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According to attention restoration theory, directed attention can become fatigued and then be restored by spending time in a restorative environment. This study examined the restorative effects of nature on children’s executive functioning. Seven- to 8-year-olds (school aged, n = 34) and 4- to 5-year-olds (preschool, n = 33) participated in two sessions in which they completed an activity to fatigue attention, then walked along urban streets (urban walk) in one session and in a park-like area (nature walk) in another session, and finally completed assessments of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention. Children responded faster on the attention task after a nature walk than an urban walk. School-aged children performed significantly better on the attention task than preschoolers following the nature walk, but not urban walk. Walk type did not affect inhibitory control or verbal working memory. However, preschoolers’ spatial working memory remained more stable following the nature walk than the urban walk.

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Qiu, Ling, Qujing Chen, and Tian Gao. "The Effects of Urban Natural Environments on Preference and Self-Reported Psychological Restoration of the Elderly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020509.

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The world is facing the challenge of aging populations. Urban natural environments, including green spaces and blue spaces, have been demonstrated to have great benefits to the mental restoration of the elderly. However, the study of the specific characteristics of urban environments that are popular and the most restorative for the elderly is still lacking. Photo elicitation as visual stimuli was utilized to explore the differences in preference and psychological restoration of the elderly through the perception of the eight perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) in different types of urban environments. The results showed that: (1) The respondents had different perceptions of the eight PSDs in the different urban natural environments. Blue space and partly-closed green space were more preferred by the elderly, and also had more psychological restorative effects on the elderly. (2) There was no significant correlation between the number of highly perceived PSDs and preference, as well as between the number of highly perceived PSDs and psychological restoration. However, there was a significant correlation between preference and psychological restoration. (3) Partly-closed green space with more Serene and Refuge qualities, and blue space with more Serene, Refuge and Prospect properties were optimal characteristics for psychological restoration of the elderly. In addition, open green space with more Prospect, Serene and Social qualities, and closed green space with more Space, Refuge and less Nature properties could also increase psychological restoration of older adults. These findings can provide useful guidelines for restorative environmental design for the elderly in the future.

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Qiu, Ling, Qujing Chen, and Tian Gao. "The Effects of Urban Natural Environments on Preference and Self-Reported Psychological Restoration of the Elderly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020509.

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The world is facing the challenge of aging populations. Urban natural environments, including green spaces and blue spaces, have been demonstrated to have great benefits to the mental restoration of the elderly. However, the study of the specific characteristics of urban environments that are popular and the most restorative for the elderly is still lacking. Photo elicitation as visual stimuli was utilized to explore the differences in preference and psychological restoration of the elderly through the perception of the eight perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) in different types of urban environments. The results showed that: (1) The respondents had different perceptions of the eight PSDs in the different urban natural environments. Blue space and partly-closed green space were more preferred by the elderly, and also had more psychological restorative effects on the elderly. (2) There was no significant correlation between the number of highly perceived PSDs and preference, as well as between the number of highly perceived PSDs and psychological restoration. However, there was a significant correlation between preference and psychological restoration. (3) Partly-closed green space with more Serene and Refuge qualities, and blue space with more Serene, Refuge and Prospect properties were optimal characteristics for psychological restoration of the elderly. In addition, open green space with more Prospect, Serene and Social qualities, and closed green space with more Space, Refuge and less Nature properties could also increase psychological restoration of older adults. These findings can provide useful guidelines for restorative environmental design for the elderly in the future.

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Olafsdottir, Gunnthora, Paul Cloke, André Schulz, Zoé van Dyck, Thor Eysteinsson, Björg Thorleifsdottir, and Claus Vögele. "Health Benefits of Walking in Nature: A Randomized Controlled Study Under Conditions of Real-Life Stress." Environment and Behavior 52, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 248–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518800798.

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We investigated the effects of recreational exposure to the natural environment on mood and psychophysiological responses to stress. We hypothesized that walking in nature has restorative effects over and above the effects of exposure to nature scenes (viewing nature on TV) or physical exercise alone (walking on a treadmill in a gym) and that these effects are greater when participants were expected to be more stressed. Healthy university students ( N = 90) were randomly allocated to one of three conditions and tested during an exam-free period and again during their exam time. Mood and psychophysiological responses were assessed before and after the interventions, and again after a laboratory stressor. All interventions had restorative effects on cortisol levels ( p < .001), yet walking in nature resulted in lower cortisol levels than did nature viewing ( p < .05) during the exam period. Walking in nature improved mood more than watching nature scenes ( p < .001) or physical exercise alone ( p < .05).

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Shrestha, Topaz, Zelda Di Blasi, and Marica Cassarino. "Natural or Urban Campus Walks and Vitality in University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomised Controlled Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042003.

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Despite extensive evidence of the restorative effects of nature, the potential vitalizing effects of connecting with nature are yet understudied, particularly in higher education settings. University students face high levels of stress and anxiety, and may benefit from nature-based interventions that enhance positive states such as vitality. Using preliminary data from a pilot randomized controlled study with qualitative interviews, we explored the psychological experiences associated with a brief walk either in nature or an urban environment in a sample of 13 university students. The qualitative thematic analysis revealed that walking in nature was a more energizing and vitalizing experience than the urban walk. The nature walk was also found to have both affective and cognitive enhancing effects on participants. Our study highlights the usefulness of exploring subjective psychological experiences of interacting with nature, as well as supporting its restorative potential. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.

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Gumz, Edward J., and Cynthia L. Grant. "Restorative Justice: A Systematic Review of the Social Work Literature." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 90, no. 1 (January 2009): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3853.

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Restorative justice is an alternative paradigm for dealing with the effects of crime and wrongdoing that seeks to bring healing to victims, offenders, and the community. Although a key element of social work's ethical code is the obligation to work toward social justice, this has been viewed primarily as efforts to ensure a fair distribution of resources and opportunities. Yet justice is also restorative in nature–-seeking to restore and enhance victims, offenders, and communities to fuller functioning. This article systematically reviews 80 social work peer-reviewed articles dealing with restorative justice. The role of social workers in restorative justice programs remains largely unknown. Suggestions are made for enhancing social work practice in the restorative justice arena.

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Ferraro, Danielle M., Zachary D. Miller, Lauren A. Ferguson, B. Derrick Taff, Jesse R. Barber, Peter Newman, and Clinton D. Francis. "The phantom chorus: birdsong boosts human well-being in protected areas." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1941 (December 16, 2020): 20201811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1811.

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Spending time in nature is known to benefit human health and well-being, but evidence is mixed as to whether biodiversity or perceptions of biodiversity contribute to these benefits. Perhaps more importantly, little is known about the sensory modalities by which humans perceive biodiversity and obtain benefits from their interactions with nature. Here, we used a ‘phantom birdsong chorus' consisting of hidden speakers to experimentally increase audible birdsong biodiversity during ‘on' and ‘off' (i.e. ambient conditions) blocks on two trails to study the role of audition in biodiversity perception and self-reported well-being among hikers. Hikers exposed to the phantom chorus reported higher levels of restorative effects compared to those that experienced ambient conditions on both trails; however, increased restorative effects were directly linked to the phantom chorus on one trail and indirectly linked to the phantom chorus on the other trail through perceptions of avian biodiversity. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence linking mental health to nature experiences and suggest that audition is an important modality by which natural environments confer restorative effects. Finally, our results suggest that maintaining or improving natural soundscapes within protected areas may be an important component to maximizing human experiences.

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Varkovetski, Michael. "The reduction of directed attention fatigue through exposure to visual nature stimuli: Exploring a natural therapy for fatigue." SURG Journal 8, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v8i2.3057.

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This study compares the restorative effects on directed attention functioning following exposure to natural landscape images versus scrambled/distorted landscape images. Attention restoration theory (ART) provides an analysis of the stimuli and environment required for restoration of cognitive fatigue. According to ART, nature employs attention through a bottom-up process in which intrinsically fascinating stimuli from the natural environment itself modestly dominate attention. This allows the mechanisms responsible for top-down processing, which is necessary for directed attention, to recover and replenish. Unlike natural environments, urban environments employ attention through bottom-up stimulation, which forces one to overcome the stimulation using directed attention, thus not allowing for the recovery of directed attention mechanisms. This study looks into whether solely visual stimulation of natural environments is adequate for the restoration of directed attention mechanisms as measured with the “Attention Test” application. The mean completion time on the Attention Test game was significantly lower in the nature image group (M = 54.33) when compared to the scrambled image group (M = 62.04), thus validating the visual aspect of ART.

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Rahmatul Hakim, Muhammad Aldi, and Diananta Pramitasari. "River Mitigation as a Form of Elderly-Nature Interaction in Densely Populated Settlement in Yogyakarta." Jurnal Kawistara 11, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.63738.

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High population density has been associated with disease susceptibility. To address this problem many suggest that the negative effects of population density can be reduced by interacting with nature as a restorative activity. This study aims to determine how the elderly in the residential areas on the banks of the Winongo river, Ngampilan District, Yogyakarta City with high population density interact with nature in the riverside environment, and what form of space is needed. This study uses a deductive exploratory method with elderly respondents who are active on the riverbank. The results showed that the riverside space which is used as a space for interaction between the elderly and nature is a room with sitting facilities, walls that are not closed, and shade that is not too tight. Interactions with nature that occur can be in the form of physical restoration, recreation, domestic, and mitigation activities. The activity of seeing water levels as flood mitigation is the most dominant form. Physical limitations make elderly people more aware of disasters along the riverbanks. A space that makes it easier for the elderly to do disaster anticipation activities needs to be prepared for long-term planning.

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Pilotti, Maura, Eric Klein, Devon Golem, Eric Piepenbrink, and Katie Kaplan. "Is Viewing a Nature Video After Work Restorative? Effects on Blood Pressure, Task Performance, and Long-Term Memory." Environment and Behavior 47, no. 9 (May 22, 2014): 947–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916514533187.

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Hawkley, Louise C., and John T. Cacioppo. "Aging and Loneliness." Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, no. 4 (August 2007): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00501.x.

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Levels of loneliness are relatively stable across most of adult life, but correlates of loneliness show age differences. We review evidence of age differences in associations between loneliness and individual differences in health behaviors, stress exposure, physiological stress responses, appraisal and coping, and restorative processes. The effects of each of these pathways endow loneliness with the capacity to accelerate the rate of physiological decline with age. Additional research across the lifespan is required to understand the nature of accrued loneliness effects on health behavior and physiology in the short and long term.

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Ojala, Ann, Kalevi Korpela, Liisa Tyrväinen, Pekka Tiittanen, and Timo Lanki. "Restorative effects of urban green environments and the role of urban-nature orientedness and noise sensitivity: A field experiment." Health & Place 55 (January 2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.11.004.

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Cervinka, Renate, Markus Schwab, and Daniela Haluza. "Investigating the Qualities of a Recreational Forest: Findings from the Cross-Sectional Hallerwald Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051676.

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Prior research shows that forests contribute to human health and well-being. In this sense, this cross-sectional case study, adopting the principles of citizen science, assessed the restorative potential of places in the Hallerwald, an Austrian community forest. A convenience sample of adult forest visitors (n = 99, 64% females) completed a survey during a guided 2.5 h forest tour. The German questionnaire assessed the qualities of defined places in the forest. We also investigated changes in mood states, perceived stress, restoration, connectedness, and mindfulness before and after visiting the forest. In cooperation with a local working group, we developed the new Widen One’s Mind (WOM) scale, which showed good scale characteristics. All places received high scores in their potential to increase restoration and vitality and to widen one’s mind. Positive affect, restoration, connectedness with nature and the forest, and mindfulness increased pre- versus post-visits, whereas negative affect and perceived stress decreased. The findings of this study suggest that in recreational forests, visitors experience beneficial mental effects such as stress reduction in addition to physical exercise. To facilitate regional development goals, we recommend evaluating places in forests regarding the potential effects on the health and well-being as well as citizen participation before initiating extensive remodeling.

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Tonetto, Mateus Rodrigues, Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade, Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto, Darlon Martins Lima, José Roberto Cury Saad, Matheus Coelho Bandéca, Adriano Augusto Melo de Mendonça, and André Afif Elossais. "Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 3 (2014): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1529.

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ABSTRACT Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations — namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission. The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and influence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifications caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate. Clinical relevance Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the superficial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifications of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems. How to cite this article Lima DM, Tonetto MR, de Mendonça AAM, Elossais AA, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF, Pinto SCS, Bandéca MC. Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):283-287.

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Bielinis, Ernest, Lidia Bielinis, Sylwia Krupińska-Szeluga, Adrian Łukowski, and Norimasa Takayama. "The Effects of a Short Forest Recreation Program on Physiological and Psychological Relaxation in Young Polish Adults." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010034.

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Forest recreation is an activity that could be successfully used to alleviate negative symptoms of stress in individuals. Multiple positive psychological and physiological effects have been described in the literature, especially regarding works describing research from Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. In East-Central Europe, however, the effectuality of forest recreation has not been addressed in scientific research. Thus, a special recreation program was developed, and its usability was examined with the involvement of 21 young Polish adults. A pre- and post-test design was used, wherein four psychological questionnaires were applied (Profile of Mood States, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Restorative Outcomes Scale, Subjective Vitality Scale), and physiological measures were assessed (pulse rate, blood pressure) before and after the program. A field study was also conducted at the nature reserve Redykajny, near the suburban forest of the city of Olsztyn. The recreational program had a significant impact on psychological and physiological parameters. After recreation, the negative mood markers of the negative affect decreased and the positive affect, including restoration and vitality, increased. Furthermore, pulse rates, systolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressures of the participants were significantly lower after the program. These results reveal that the short forest recreation program may be effective in reducing negative symptoms of stress.

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Jeon, Jin Yong, Hyun In Jo, and Kounseok Lee. "Potential restorative effects of urban soundscapes: Personality traits, temperament, and perceptions of VR urban environments." Landscape and Urban Planning 214 (October 2021): 104188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104188.

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Gao, Tian, Rui Song, Ling Zhu, and Ling Qiu. "What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081348.

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Several studies have revealed the positive effects of green space and certain activities on counteracting the physical and mental pressure felt by human beings. However, how self-reported stressed people perceive restorative green spaces, their preferences for specific characteristics and activities, and what characteristics of urban green space can induce various types of activities for stress recovery has not been fully examined in the high-density cities of China. Using an on-site questionnaire survey conducted in the People’s Park (PP) in Baoji, China, this study is the first to consider the relationship among eight sensory dimensions, activity types and stress recovery in Chinese green space. Results showed that the highest-stressed respondents were more likely to spend their time in multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water, with more experiences of serene but less about prospect. They preferred serene dimension more, while the culture and social dimensions were least preferred. Sports and leisure activities and quiet activities were the most popular among highest-stressed respondents, which were positively related to the serene and nature dimensions, respectively. Results suggested that the most restorative environment for stress recovery can be regarded as multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water with more serene and nature, less prospect and few or no culture and social dimensions.

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Simkin, Jenni, Ann Ojala, and Liisa Tyrväinen. "The Perceived Restorativeness of Differently Managed Forests and Its Association with Forest Qualities and Individual Variables: A Field Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020422.

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Despite increasing research knowledge about the positive well-being effects forests have on citizens, it is still unclear how the quality of forests and individual variables effect the well-being. This research investigated (1) the differences in restorative experiences (components being away, fascination, compatibility and extent, measured by perceived restorativeness (PRS)), and (2) how people evaluate forest qualities in four differently managed forests. Furthermore, this research studied (3) which individual variables (4) as well as forest qualities, explain the overall restorative experience (PRS-score from all components). Altogether, 66 volunteers were taken in small groups to each of the four forest sites once, after their day at work. The participants viewed the forests for 15 min and then walked inside the forests for 30 min. Their perceived restorativeness and perceptions about forest qualities were measured on-site after each visit. Most of the components of PRS differed between the three older forests compared to the young forest. The three older forests also had more preferred qualities, compared to the young commercial forest. From the individual variables, the nature relatedness positively explained the restorative experiences (PRS-score) in old-growth forest and in mature commercial forest. Beauty was the most important quality that explained PRS-score in all forests. Biodiversity positively explained the PRS-score, except in urban recreation forest. However, not all forest qualities need to be present in order to reach high perceived restorativeness and both a pristine or managed old forest can have high restorative values. Also, decaying wood does not seem to diminish forests’ restorative values, but there may be individual differences in its acceptance. Therefore, a greater attention to the overall versatility is needed when managing the forest used for outdooring.

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Simkin, Jenni, Ann Ojala, and Liisa Tyrväinen. "The Perceived Restorativeness of Differently Managed Forests and Its Association with Forest Qualities and Individual Variables: A Field Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020422.

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Despite increasing research knowledge about the positive well-being effects forests have on citizens, it is still unclear how the quality of forests and individual variables effect the well-being. This research investigated (1) the differences in restorative experiences (components being away, fascination, compatibility and extent, measured by perceived restorativeness (PRS)), and (2) how people evaluate forest qualities in four differently managed forests. Furthermore, this research studied (3) which individual variables (4) as well as forest qualities, explain the overall restorative experience (PRS-score from all components). Altogether, 66 volunteers were taken in small groups to each of the four forest sites once, after their day at work. The participants viewed the forests for 15 min and then walked inside the forests for 30 min. Their perceived restorativeness and perceptions about forest qualities were measured on-site after each visit. Most of the components of PRS differed between the three older forests compared to the young forest. The three older forests also had more preferred qualities, compared to the young commercial forest. From the individual variables, the nature relatedness positively explained the restorative experiences (PRS-score) in old-growth forest and in mature commercial forest. Beauty was the most important quality that explained PRS-score in all forests. Biodiversity positively explained the PRS-score, except in urban recreation forest. However, not all forest qualities need to be present in order to reach high perceived restorativeness and both a pristine or managed old forest can have high restorative values. Also, decaying wood does not seem to diminish forests’ restorative values, but there may be individual differences in its acceptance. Therefore, a greater attention to the overall versatility is needed when managing the forest used for outdooring.

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Uğurlu, Zeynep, and Semiha Yılmazer. "Exploring the Audio-Visual Interaction in a Dental Clinic Through the Restorative Environment." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 1970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2017.

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The aim of this study is to examine the effects of audio-visual interaction in an indoor acoustic environment. The research focused on the waiting area of a dental clinic. The dental clinic is visited, and binaural audio-video recording is made. After, a listening task is given to the ten participants in three scenarios. Three experiment settings were designed for each scenario. The first experimental group was the control group who had the soundscape of the real environment; the second group, which is the audio group, only had the audial stimuli with the natural sound which is added to the real environment; and the third group, which is the audio-visual group, had both visual stimuli with an image of nature and audial stimuli. A listening task questionnaire and Perceived Restorativeness Soundscape Scale (PRSS) interpretation questionnaire were given to the participants. The results showed that the participants in the third group were found to perceive the indoor soundscape more positively than the other two groups.

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Zabini, Federica, Lorenzo Albanese, Francesco Riccardo Becheri, Gioele Gavazzi, Fiorenza Giganti, Fabio Giovanelli, Giorgio Gronchi, et al. "Comparative Study of the Restorative Effects of Forest and Urban Videos during COVID-19 Lockdown: Intrinsic and Benchmark Values." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 8011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218011.

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The prolonged lockdown imposed to contain the COrona VIrus Disease 19 COVID-19 pandemic prevented many people from direct contact with nature and greenspaces, raising alarms for a possible worsening of mental health. This study investigated the effectiveness of a simple and affordable remedy for improving psychological well-being, based on audio-visual stimuli brought by a short computer video showing forest environments, with an urban video as a control. Randomly selected participants were assigned the forest or urban video, to look at and listen to early in the morning, and questionnaires to fill out. In particular, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y collected in baseline condition and at the end of the study and the Part II of the Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale (SPRAS) collected every day immediately before and after watching the video. The virtual exposure to forest environments showed effective to reduce perceived anxiety levels in people forced by lockdown in limited spaces and environmental deprivation. Although significant, the effects were observed only in the short term, highlighting the limitation of the virtual experiences. The reported effects might also represent a benchmark to disentangle the determinants of health effects due to real forest experiences, for example, the inhalation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC).

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Kanimozhi S, Bupesh G, Sumathy G, and Jeganath S. "Protective Effects of Edible Plants against Nicotine Induced Reproductive Toxicity –A Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 4068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2606.

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Numerous examinations have announced that the Nicotine present in tobacco smoke adverse affects sperm parameters, fundamental plasma, and different other richness factors. These harms are because of the natural finding that smoking expands the degree of free radicals, consequently bringing about oxidative pressure. Accordingly, an increment of free radicals, DNA harm and lipid peroxidation in human sperm may happen to bring about impedance of sperm quality. nicotine organization in trial creatures was initiate to influence spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm count, motility and treating capability of sperms. Huge quantities of restorative herbs have been recorded in siddha framework that improve spermatogenesis and increment the nature of sperm. The present review gives an outline on the relationship between male richness incited by nicotine and defensive impacts of different natural plants on it. The paper additionally features the dynamic, common standards, and rough concentrates of plants, which have been valuable in improving nicotine instigated testicular harms and supportive in spermatogenesis and multiplication. Despite the fact that the discoveries of this survey propose numerous herbs are extremely viable against nicotine actuated male barrenness still increasingly clinical preliminaries are prescribed to show their viability on nicotine instigated male infertility

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Pan, Zhixin, Jianming Wang, Wenlong Liao, Haiwen Chen, Dong Yuan, Weiping Zhu, Xin Fang, and Zhen Zhu. "Data-Driven EV Load Profiles Generation Using a Variational Auto-Encoder." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050849.

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Although the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks can improve the energy saving and emission reduction effects, its random and uncertain nature limits the ability of distribution networks to accept the load of EVs. To this end, establishing a load profile model of EV charging stations accurately and reasonably is of great significance to the planning, operation and scheduling of power system. Traditional generation methods for EV load profiles rely too much on experience, and need to set up a power load probability distribution in advance. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach for load profiles of EV generation using a variational automatic encoder. Firstly, an encoder composed of deep convolution networks and a decoder composed of transposed convolution networks are trained using the original load profiles. Then, the new load profiles are obtained by decoding the random number which obeys a normal distribution. The simulation results show that EV load profiles generated by the deep convolution variational auto-encoder can not only retain the temporal correlation and probability distribution nature of the original load profiles, but also have a good restorative effect on the time distribution and fluctuation nature of the original power load.

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Sharma, Sandeep. "Macroscopic and microscopic effects of elevated temperatures on unrestored and restored teeth: An in-vitro forensic study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i2.26364.

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Background: The present “in vitro” study was done to observe the effects of high temperatures on teeth restored with different restorative materials and unrestored teeth. Aim and Objective: This study aims to investigate the nature of damage to unrestored and restored teeth subjected to high temperatures. The main objective of the study is to assess whether it could serve as an aid in identification of human dental remains in forensic odontology for cases of incineration by means of comparison between ante-mortem and post-mortem records. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 125 extracted premolar teeth which were later on divided into five groups (25 premolar teeth each) as control group, group of teeth restored with class I amalgam restorations, group of teeth restored with class I composite/adhesive system restorations, group of teeth restored with glass ionomer restoration and group of teeth restored with metal ceramic crown restored teeth. The restored teeth were placed in a furnace and heated at a rate of 10°C/min. The effects of the predetermined 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C and 1200°C temperatures were examined macroscopically and then microscopically by means of a stereomicroscope. Data obtained in the present study was subjected to the statistical analysis using SPSS 18 software for one-way ANOVA andindependent t-test (paired). Result: The class I restorations made of amalgam could be identified till 1200°C because they maintain their shape despite the disintegration of the crowns along with PFM restoration with disintegration of remaining restorations along with tooth. Systematic approach toward the preservation of charred dentition, as at times could prove to be the best evidence for identification of those who are extensively burned. Conclusion: Pre-planned and systematic approach toward the preservation of charred dentition is important as at times it could act as a potential evidence for the identification of those who are severely burnt.

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Korcz, Natalia, Emilia Janeczko, Ernest Bielinis, Danuta Urban, Jacek Koba, Paweł Szabat, and Michał Małecki. "Influence of Informal Education in the Forest Stand Redevelopment Area on the Psychological Restoration of Working Adults." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080993.

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Background and Objectives: Nowadays, a significant part of the human population lives and works in urban agglomerations. Limited contact with nature, polluted air, stress, and a sedentary work style all contribute to problems with the physical and mental health of a considerable number of city dwellers. There are many studies indicating the positive, restorative properties of natural environments, such as forests, on human well-being. Our aim was to investigate whether suburban commercial forests in combination with informal environmental education can bring restorative properties to people, especially those who are economically active. Materials and Methods: Four psychological questionnaires were used to determine the restorative properties of a suburban commercial forest on young active people: the Profile of Mood Scale (POMS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS), and the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). The experiment involved 60 participants who took forest baths (the act of spending time in a forest and opening your senses to the natural surroundings to experience feelings of peace and wellbeing) in a suburban commercial forest surrounding Świdnik, a city of 40,000 inhabitants located directly next to Lublin (a provincial city with a population of 339,811). The volunteers were divided into three groups; Group A walked an educational route with educational boards (route A1). Group B walked another route with a forest educator who described various forest management activities conducted in this forest (route A2). Group C walked alone, without an educator, along route A2. All three groups arrived at the site of forest stand redevelopment as the end of their route. After a short 10-min exposure to this site, the volunteers again completed the psychological questionnaires. Results: Our study clearly indicates a positive effect from forest bathing in suburban commercial forests. Both the walk with a forest educator and the walk along the educational trail supported psychological recovery for the participants of the experiment, which shows that informal environmental education carried out in forests can be successfully combined with forest bathing, supporting the positive effects of this activity.

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Schebella, Morgan Faith, Delene Weber, Lisa Schultz, and Philip Weinstein. "The Nature of Reality: Human Stress Recovery during Exposure to Biodiverse, Multisensory Virtual Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010056.

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Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) were used to test the effects of biodiversity on recovery from induced stress. Three natural environments and one urban environment were used to represent ordinal levels of biodiversity (none, low, moderate, and high). The four IVEs comprised visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli. An additional high biodiversity IVE without auditory or olfactory stimuli was also included to study the effects of multisensory stimulation per se on recovery from stress and perceptions of biodiversity. Following stress induction via a novel IVE Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-IVE), heart rate and five self-reported well-being measures were used to assess participants’ recovery after immersion in one of the five IVEs. The results showed consistent well-being responses across both self-reported and physiological measures, suggesting biodiversity does directly affect human well-being. However, the relationship was not linear. For most measures of well-being, stress recovery was least effective in the urban IVE, consistent with past research. The low biodiversity IVE elicited the greatest improvement in all well-being measures except self-reported calmness. One could speculate that the landscape features of the least biodiverse IVE may elicit subconscious preferences toward savanna-like landscapes, as suggested by previous studies. The IVE depicting a moderate level of biodiversity was the least restorative of the natural environments. A multisensory experience was associated with better recovery in all measures of well-being than a visual-only experience, and perceptions of landscape components significantly differed between two identical nature scenes when auditory and olfactory stimuli were removed. Nuances in the data and implications of the findings are discussed. The results signal a need for caution and question the assumption that cultural ecosystem services align with positive outcomes for biodiversity conservation.

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Kumar, Deepak S., Keyoor Purani, and Shyam A. Viswanathan. "The indirect experience of nature: biomorphic design forms in servicescapes." Journal of Services Marketing 34, no. 6 (September 24, 2020): 847–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-10-2019-0418.

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Purpose This paper aims to introduce the concept of biomorphism (i.e. indirect experience of nature) in servicescape designs and validates its impact on consumer responses. Using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, this study explores the relationship between biomorphic servicescape designs and the servicescape preference. Further, it explains how biomorphic designs can help users to get better connected with the servicescapes by introducing the mediating role of attention restoration and place identity (emotional and cognitive), as explained by attention restoration theory. Design/methodology/approach Two empirical studies were carried out to test the hypothesised relationships: an exploratory pre-experimental design with one-shot treatment using 200 images as stimuli and 3,680 responses; and a 3 × 2 factorial design with three-dimensional images with about 654 responses for three service contexts chosen a priori: fashion retail, restaurant and hospital lobby. Findings This study conceptualises the role of biomorphism – elements that mimic natural forms – in servicescape designs and establishes that, akin to natural elements, the indirect experience of nature in servicescapes also has a positive influence on attention restoration, perceived place identity and servicescape preference of the consumers. This implies that the effects similar to that of a biophilic servicescape can be achieved through servicescape elements that mimic natural forms. Originality/value Extending the idea of biophilia, this research adopts the concept of biomorphism from architecture and environmental psychology domains and introduces biomorphic servicescape designs, which could be more practical at times compared to biophilic servicescapes. It establishes the influences of biomorphic servicescape designs on consumer preferences. Grounded in the S-O-R model, it further explains this relationship through mediating effects of attention restoration and place identity. Being new to marketing and management domains, this research may trigger a series of research studies on biomorphic service environment designs, with desirable implications for services marketing and services operations functions.

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Cavanagh, Bliss, Kirsti Haracz, Miranda Lawry, and Carole James. "It’s like another world: the perceived beneficial effects of an artistically designed multisensory environment." Medical Humanities 45, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011492.

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Self-management strategies have been identified as having a key role in supporting mental health and preventing mental illness. Evidence suggests that spending time in nature, experiencing or viewing artwork and accessing sensory rooms all support self-management and positive mental health among varied clinical populations. This evidence informed the design of the sensory–art space (SAS), an artistically designed multisensory environment, which drew on themes and images of nature.The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceived benefits of the SAS among members of a university community.A maximum variation approach to sampling was used, and 18 participants were included in this qualitative study. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.The findings presented six themes. The two core themes were: it’s like another world, and easy to focus and describe how the SAS produced the beneficial effects described in the four remaining themes of: emotionally nutritious, meditative effects, relaxation and therapeutic.Participants identified beneficial effects of the SAS that were consistent with the evidence for other self-management strategies. The identified benefits also aligned with existing theories suggesting that the SAS functioned as a restorative environment. This study is the first to explore the experience of art in a multisensory and multidimensional capacity, which further contributes to the growing field of receptive engagement with the arts for health outcomes.

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Helzer, C. J., and A. A. Steuter. "Preliminary Effects of Patch-Burn Grazing on a High-Diversity Prairie Restoration." Ecological Restoration 23, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.23.3.167.

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Yu, Wan-Wei, Der-Lin Ling, and Yu-Sen Chang. "Comparison of the Effects of Plant Parables on the Promotion of Spiritual Benefits in Students with Differing Horticultural Backgrounds." HortTechnology 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.3.568.

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Research on the restorative benefits of nature primarily has focused on the spiritual benefits of wilderness areas, but other areas, such as cities, have not been studied. Horticultural activities have the potential to promote spiritual health, but most participants are not aware of this benefit. To improve this situation and to increase evidence of the benefits of therapeutic horticulture, this study suggests treating plant parables as trigger cues, which would allow an approach to interaction with plants through metaphysical imagination, resulting in an improvement in spiritual health from horticultural activities. The purpose of this study was to understand participants' beliefs of the spiritual benefits of horticultural activities, and to see if these beliefs were enhanced after reading plant parables. This study surveyed subjects with different horticultural backgrounds, and measured their opinions regarding belief in the spiritual benefits of horticultural activities, before and after reading the parables. The results indicated that before reading the plant parables, neither group of subjects with different horticultural backgrounds agreed with the spiritual benefits of horticultural activities; however, after reading the plant parables, the belief of participants with formal horticultural education backgrounds increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001). The increase was not significant in subjects without formal horticultural education backgrounds.

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Maruta, N. O., and K. V. Shevchenko-Bitensky. "PROGRAM OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH HALLUCINATORY-PARANOID DISORDERS IN DEMENTIAS OF DIFFERENT GENESIS AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS." Експериментальна і клінічна медицина 85, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ekm.2019.85.04.07.

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The purpose of this study is to develop a program of complex personalized program of psychosocial rehabilitation for patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders (HPR) in dementias of different genesis and stage of development and evaluate its effectiveness. The results of approbation of the developed program of complex personalized psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with HPR in dementias of different genesis and stage of development indicate its greater efficiency in comparison with traditional schemes of psychosocial rehabilitation patients of this category which do not consider socio-demographic, psychosocial features of the development and course of HPR in patients with dementia. The differences of the developed program are the differentiation of rehabilitation effects depending on the dominant sector (non-cognitive psychopathological disorders, cognitive disorders, social dysfunction and general medical problems); taking into account the nature of dual relations «patient with HPR in dementia - caregiver»; the state of the preserved resource of the patient in the cognitive mental, somatic and psychosocial spheres; sequence and phasing of restorative approaches.

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MIYARA, Koh, Yoshihisa AKAMATSU, Tsuyoshi YUNO, Makoto MIYAMOTO, Daisuke KAMIYA, and Yukihiro SHIMATANI. "AN ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS AND DURABILITY ON NATURE RESTORATION OF OKU-RIVER IN OKINAWA ISLAND." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_1135—I_1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_1135.

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de Voorde, Tess F. J. van, T. Martijn Bezemer, Jan Willem Van Groenigen, Simon Jeffery, and Liesje Mommer. "Soil biochar amendment in a nature restoration area: effects on plant productivity and community composition." Ecological Applications 24, no. 5 (July 2014): 1167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0578.1.

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Rappe, Erja, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä, and Hannu Rita. "Visiting Outdoor Green Environments Positively Impacts Self-rated Health among Older People in Long-term Care." HortTechnology 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.1.0055.

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The restorative effects of nature in enhancing human well-being are well documented. However, the effects of exposure to a green environment on health in institutional settings have not been adequately studied. Our study describes the relationship between the reported frequency of visits to an outdoor green environment and self-rated health, including hindrances experienced during outdoor visits among older people living in a nursing home. Forty-five women assessed their health and answered a questionnaire containing the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) during an interview. A strong positive association was established between the reported frequency of visiting outdoors and self-rated health even when taking into account health-related distresses measured using the NHP (B = 0.235, P < 0.01). The main hindrances related to outdoor visits were lack of assistance and uncomfortable weather conditions. The results suggest that it might be possible to promote the well-being of older individuals living in nursing homes by providing them with opportunities to visit outdoor green environments. By increasing the accessibility and attractiveness of the outdoor environment, the frequency of outdoor visits could increase, resulting in better perceived health. Implementation of environmental interventions that facilitate year-round outdoor visits are recommended.

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Cornish, P. S., and S. Burgin. "Residual Effects of Glyphosate Herbicide in Ecological Restoration." Restoration Ecology 13, no. 4 (December 2005): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2005.00088.x.

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Sundareshwar, P. V., C. J. Richardson, Robert A. Gleason, Perry J. Pellechia, and Shawn Honomichl. "Nature versus nurture: Functional assessment of restoration effects on wetland services using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Geophysical Research Letters 36, no. 3 (February 2009): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036385.

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Nakamura, Akihiro, Carla P. Catterall, Chris J. Burwell, Roger L. Kitching, and Alan P. N. House. "Effects of mulch type and depth on the colonization of habitat patches by soil and litter arthropods." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 3 (2009): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090197.

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Mulch is widely used to encourage establishment and growth of replanted vegetation in forest restoration. The presence of mulch may also benefit soil and litter dwelling arthropods, but little is known about how recolonizing arthropods respond to different types and quantities of mulch used in forest restoration. We employed a manipulative field experiment to assess the effects of mulch type and depth on the colonization patterns of ants and other soil and litter arthropods in created habitat patches. Experimental habitat patches of 2.5 m x 2.5 m were established by adding sterilized hay (a conventionally used mulching material) or forest woodchip (a structurally more complex alternative) at two depths (shallow 3?5 cm, deep 10?15 cm) to create conditions similar to those during the initial stages of rainforest restoration. These were deployed at five sites adjacent to rainforest remnants on the Maleny plateau of subtropical eastern Australia. Despite its simple composition, hay performed better than woodchip in facilitating colonization by arthropods characteristic of rainforest. Shallow hay was favored by rainforest-dependent ant species. Although the results supported the use of hay over woodchip as habitat for rainforest arthropods, neither hay nor woodchip excluded arthropods characteristic of pasture.

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Alstad, Amy O., Ellen I. Damschen, and Laura M. Ladwig. "Fire as a Site Preparation Tool in Grassland Restoration: Seed Size Effects on Recruitment Success." Ecological Restoration 36, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.36.3.219.

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Reese, Gerhard, Elias Kohler, and Claudia Menzel. "Restore or Get Restored: The Effect of Control on Stress Reduction and Restoration in Virtual Nature Settings." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041995.

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Virtual nature experiences can improve physiological and psychological well-being. Although there is ample research on the positive effects of nature, both in virtual and physical settings, we know little about potential moderators of restoration effects in virtual reality settings. According to theories of needs and control beliefs, it is plausible to assume that control over one’s actions affects how people respond to nature experiences. In this virtual reality (VR) experiment, 64 participants either actively navigated through a VR landscape or they were navigated by the experimenter. We measured their perceived stress, mood, and vitality before and after the VR experience as well as the subjective restoration outcome and the perceived restorativeness of the landscape afterwards. Results revealed that participants’ positive affective states increased after the VR experience, regardless of control. There was a main effect such that participants reported lower stress after the VR experience; however, this was qualified by an interaction showing that this result was only the case in the no control condition. These results unexpectedly suggest that active VR experiences may be more stressful than passive ones, opening pathways for future research on how handling of and navigating in VR can attenuate the effects of virtual nature.

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Laub, Brian G., Owen T. McDonough, Brian A. Needelman, and Margaret A. Palmer. "Comparison of Designed Channel Restoration and Riparian Buffer Restoration Effects on Riparian Soils." Restoration Ecology 21, no. 6 (February 26, 2013): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12010.

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Jones, Gavin, Ralph Gutierrez, Douglas Tempel, William Berigan, Sheila Whitmore, and Zachariah Peery. "Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018)." Nature Conservation 33 (April 4, 2019): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.32741.

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The extent to which wildfire adversely affects spotted owls (Strixoccidentalis) is a key consideration for ecosystem restoration efforts in seasonally dry forests of the western United States. Recently, Jones et al. (2016) demonstrated that the 2014 King Fire (a “megafire”) adversely affected a population of individually-marked California spotted owls (S.o.occidentalis) monitored as part of a long-term demographic study in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA because territory occupancy declined substantially at territories burned at high-severity and GPS-tagged spotted owls avoided large patches of high-severity fire. Hanson et al. (2018) attempted to reassess changes in territory occupancy of the Jones et al. (2016) study population and claimed that occupancy declined as a result of post-fire salvage logging not fire per se and suggested that the avoidance of GPS-marked owls from areas that burned at high-severity was due to post-fire logging rather than a response to high-severity fire. Here, we demonstrate that Hanson et al. (2018) used erroneous data, inadequate statistical analyses and faulty inferences to reach their conclusion that the King Fire did not affect spotted owls and, more broadly, that large, high-severity fires do not pose risks to spotted owls in western North American dry forest ecosystems. We also provide further evidence indicating that the King Fire exerted a clear and significant negative effect on our marked study population of spotted owls. Collectively, the additional evidence presented here and in Jones et al. (2016) suggests that large, high-severity fires can pose a threat to spotted owls and that restoration of natural low- to mixed-severity frequent fire regimes would likely benefit both old-forest species and dry forest ecosystems in this era of climate change. Meeting these dual objectives of species conservation and forest restoration will be complex but it is made more challenging by faulty science that does not acknowledge the full range of wildfire effects on spotted owls.

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Jones, Gavin M., R. J. Gutiérrez, H. Anu Kramer, Douglas J. Tempel, William J. Berigan, Sheila A. Whitmore, and M. Zachariah Peery. "Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018)." Nature Conservation 37 (October 1, 2019): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32741.

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The extent to which wildfire adversely affects spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) is a key consideration for ecosystem restoration efforts in seasonally dry forests of the western United States. Recently, Jones et al. (2016) demonstrated that the 2014 King Fire (a “megafire”) adversely affected a population of individually-marked California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis) monitored as part of a long-term demographic study in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA because territory occupancy declined substantially at territories burned at high-severity and GPS-tagged spotted owls avoided large patches of high-severity fire. Hanson et al. (2018) attempted to reassess changes in territory occupancy of the Jones et al. (2016) study population and claimed that occupancy declined as a result of post-fire salvage logging not fire per se and suggested that the avoidance of GPS-marked owls from areas that burned at high-severity was due to post-fire logging rather than a response to high-severity fire. Here, we demonstrate that Hanson et al. (2018) used erroneous data, inadequate statistical analyses and faulty inferences to reach their conclusion that the King Fire did not affect spotted owls and, more broadly, that large, high-severity fires do not pose risks to spotted owls in western North American dry forest ecosystems. We also provide further evidence indicating that the King Fire exerted a clear and significant negative effect on our marked study population of spotted owls. Collectively, the additional evidence presented here and in Jones et al. (2016) suggests that large, high-severity fires can pose a threat to spotted owls and that restoration of natural low- to mixed-severity frequent fire regimes would likely benefit both old-forest species and dry forest ecosystems in this era of climate change. Meeting these dual objectives of species conservation and forest restoration will be complex but it is made more challenging by faulty science that does not acknowledge the full range of wildfire effects on spotted owls.

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Shahzadi, Iqra, and S. Nadeem. "A comparative study of Cu nanoparticles under slip effects through oblique eccentric tubes, a biomedical solicitation examination." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0009.

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The particular mechanical, chemical, and thermodynamic properties of nanofluids build up a subject of immense interest for researchers of all areas. Such types of fluids have special significance in biomedical research due to their novel and immeasurable applications the in latest biomedical solicitation examination, such as drug delivery. Therefore, the focus of this study is to investigate the comparative study of copper nanoparticles under slip effects through oblique eccentric cylinders. For peristaltic pumping, an appropriate model is presented and its application is urged because of the way that the thread infusion inside the human body empowers creation of a methodology for restorative inserting with the slightest possible surgical injury. The outer lying tube has a wave of sinosiodual nature whereas the inner thread is of velocity V. Lubrication approach is used to calculate the dimensionless expressions for temperature and velocity profile. The inner tube satisfied no-slip condition while the outer tube has partial slip condition. The innovation with different sundry parameters is also presented via graphs. The attributes of this study are presented in the last section and a good agreement is found with existing literature. Significant increase in the heat transfer rate is observed in the presence of thermal slip parameter with the inclusion of copper nanoparticles. It is also found that the pressure rise enhances in the retrograde pumping region with the increase in inclination angle. It is important to note that slip causes decreases in the trapped bolus. This analysis finds valuable theoretical information for nanoparticle use as a drug agent in the field of bio-inspired applications.

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Della Justina, Clarissa Rosa Vieira, Jader Lugon Junior, Maria Inês Paes Ferreira, and Pedro Paulo Gomes Watts Rodrigues. "Nature based solutions as a promising alternative for river restoration and flood reduction." Boletim do Observatório Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.19180/2177-4560.v13n22019p198-212.

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Nature based solutions (NBS), have been used mainly in European countries, in the United States, and more recently in China. In this paper are identified international studies (2015-2018) which presented environmental solutions aiming at river requalification and reducing the effects of floods in municipalities. Based on the method of bibliographical revision, 12 (twelve) articles were selected. The results revealed that these nature based solutions of which uses tools from Natural Engineering and Biotechniques proved themselves to be efficient to promote the restoration of the hydromorphological conditions of the rivers, and its use in estuarine municipalities is suggested.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Restorative effects of nature'

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