Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Restrição de crescimento fetal'
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Doro, Giovana Farina. "Avaliação da vascularização renal fetal em gestações de fetos com restrição de crescimento fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-05012016-163757/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and renal alterations refers to issues such as the relation between reduced renal vascularization in these fetuses and the fetal hemodynamics during pregnancy, which were not sufficiently investigated so far. Considering that the primary cause of nefrons reduction in these fetuses would be the renal hypoflow caused by the redistribution of the fetal hemodynamics resulting from hypoxic stimuli, it would be expected that the severety of the fetal impairment could result in worse renal vascularization in IUGR fetuses. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating IUGR fetuses in order to (1) describe the pulsatility index of renal arteries, the renal volume and the renal vascularization indexes, as well as (2) verify correlations of the doppler findings in the umbilical arteries, middle cerebral artery, and venous duct with the pulsatility index of the renal arteries, the renal volume, and the renal vascularization indexes (VI, FI, VFI), and of the pulsatility index of the renal arteries, the renal volume, and the renal vascularization indexes with the amniotic liquid index. METHODS: 81 fetuses with IUGR were assessed with tridimentional power doppler in order to determine data regarding the pulsatility index of the renal arteries, the renal volume, the renal vascularization indexes, the pulsatility indexes of umbilical arteries, middle cerebral artery and venous duct, and the amniotic liquid index. Data were undertaken to statistical analysis for establishing eventual correlations among such assessed parameters. RESULTS: Pulsatility index of renal arteries ranged from 1.50 to 3.44 (median of 2.39 + 0.41); renal volume ranged from 1.90 to 18.90 (median of 8.54 + 3.43); renal VI ranged from 0.05 to 7.75 (median of 1.57 + 1.58); renal FI ranged from 19.04 to 40.0 (median of 28.29 + 5.06); and renal VFI ranged from 0.03 to 5.18 (median of 0.96 + 1.3. There was no correlation between the pulsatility index of renal arteries and the pulsatility indexes of the umbilical arteries, middle cerebral artery, and venous duct; correlations were not observed as well between the renal volume and the pulsatility indexes of the umbilical arteries, middle cerebral artery, and venous duct. Renal VI and VFI correlated negatively with the pulsatility index of the venous duct, and positively with the amniotic liquid index. There was no correlation betweem renal vascularization indexes and doppler findings in umbilical arteries and in middle cerebral artery, neither between pulsatility index of renal arteries, renal volume and renal FI and the amniotic liquid index. CONCLUSION: The pulsatility index of the venous duct was better predictive of alterations in renal vascularization index, suggesting that such alterations are more evident in IUGR fetuses with more severe hemodynamic impairments
Ortigosa, Cristiane. "Prematuridade tardia com e sem restrição do crescimento fetal: resultados neonatais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-12012009-113034/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare neonatal morbidity and mortality between late-preterm infants (gestational age at birth: 34 to 36 weeks and 6 days) with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR). A longitudinal study was conducted between October 2004 and October 2006 involving 50 pregnant women with pre-term delivery associated with FGR (group I) and 36 women with spontaneous preterm delivery not associated with FGR (group II). The following postnatal outcomes were evaluated: weight and gestational age at birth, cesarean section rate, 5-minute Apgar score, umbilical artery pH at birth, and need for and duration of orotracheal intubation and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as well as the presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and jaundice, need for phototherapy, length of hospital stay, and occurrence of death. The chi-square test, Fishers exact test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Gestational age was similar in groups I and II, with a mean of 35.5 weeks in both groups. A higher frequency of the following adverse postnatal outcomes was observed in group I: lower birth weight (p<0.001), higher incidence of cesarean section (92% versus 25% in group II; p<0.0001), greater need for NICU treatment (58% versus 33%; p=0.041), longer hospital (p<0.001) and NICU stay (p<0.001), higher frequency of ICH (12% versus 0; p=0.037) and hypoglycemia (24% versus 6%; p=0.047), and longer duration of phototherapy (p=0.005). No differences in Apgar scores, cord pH, orotracheal intubation, RDS, thrombocytopenia, sepsis, or jaundice were observed between groups. There were no cases of hyaline membrane disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hemorrhage, or neonatal death. In conclusion, the group of late-preterm infants with FGR presented more neonatal complications than the group without FGR
Martinelli, Silvio. "Predição da restrição do crescimento fetal pela medida da altura uterina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-23092014-160804/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to correlate uterine height measurements below the 5th and 10th percentiles using MARTINELLI et al. (2001) curve to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to compare with the BELIZÁN et al. (1978) curve. During the period of July 2000 and February 2003, 238 pregnant women of high risk were submitted to uterine height measurements between the 20th and 42nd weeks of gestation. The whole group had well-known gestational age, confirmed by early ultrasound. The diagnosis of FGR was confirmed after birth according to RAMOS (1983). Among these women, 50 (21,0%) gave birth to light for gestational age infants. The same observer, using tape measure, performed 1617 uterine height measurements, from the upper border of the symphysis pubis to the fundus uteri. For the diagnosis of FGR, being considered as positive the exam with measurements below the 10th percentile according to MARTINELLI et al. (2001) curve, the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 78,0%, 77,1%, 47,6% and 92,9%, respectively. For the 5th percentile, this curve showed SE= 64,0%, SP= 89,9%, PPV= 62,7% and NPV= 90,4% for the detection of FGR. The BELIZÁN et al. (1978) curve, having the 10th percentile as the limit, yielded SE= 54,0%, SP= 97,3%, PPV= 84,4% and NPV= 88,8% for the identification of FGR. We conclude that, when used for screening FGR, the MARTINELLI et al. (2001) curve showed greater sensitivity and negative predictive value, and presents better results than that of Belizán et al. (1978)
Júnior, Ronaldo Eustáquio de Oliveira. "Avaliação de parâmetros morfométricos por meio da ressonância magnética em fetos com restrição do crescimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-19072018-120809/.
Full textIntroduction: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an obstetric intercurrence of relevant prevalence and high morbidity and mortality rates. Obstetrical ultrasonography is still limited to diagnose brain impairment in IUGR. Therefore, in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of brain lesions and impairment of the affected child, some studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have emerged, but with technical difficulties. Hence, studies that evaluate the brain of fetuses with IUGR and that identify simple biomarkers of chronic and/or acute hypoxia are needed. Objectives: to compare morphometric parameters measured by MRI of the skull and brain of fetuses with normal growth and fetuses with IUGR. Methods: this was a prospective cohort study that included 13 fetuses with normal growth and 13 fetuses with IUGR from singleton pregnancies, in the ratio 1 case: 1 control, from 26 to 38 weeks of gestational age (GI) who underwent ultrasound evaluation to determine the biometry, amniotic fluid volume and fetal Doppler velocimetry and MRI for evaluation of brain and cranial measurements. Variables related to the type of delivery, birth conditions and adverse perinatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: the measurements of skull and brain biparietal diameter (BPD) and skull occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) of IUGR fetuses were lower than those of controls, as well as the percentiles of these diameters, head circumference and the brain OFD. It has also been observed that the median of the brain BPD/cerebellar diameter ratio of the IUGR fetuses tended to be lower than that of the controls. In addition, measurements of the extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their percentiles were also lower in IUGR fetuses. There are also differences in the skull OFD/ CSF, brain OFD/ CSF, skull BPD/ CSF and brain BPD/ CSF and extracerebral CSF ratios between the groups of fetuses studied. In addition, measurements of right and left axial interopercular distances were significantly lower in the IUGR fetuses. Conclusions: we can conclude that IUGR fetuses have smaller cranial and brain measures than fetuses with normal growth, besides having reduction of extracerebral CSF. Fetal MRI studies with larger number of subjects, allowing analysis with multivariate logistic regression and those which assess neurological impairment of affected children are needed.
Caldas, Lorena Mesquita Batista. "Gestações com artéria umbilical única isolada: frequência de restrição do crescimento fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-10122013-122532/.
Full textObjective: To examine the association between isolated single umbilical artery (ISUA) and fetal growth restricion. Methods: Case control study with retrospective review of 131 singleton pregnancies with isolated single umbilical artery diagnosed prenataly between 1998 and 2010. Control group consisted of 730 singleton pregnancies prospectively evaluated with histological confirmation of 3 vessels cord. Mean birthweight and frequency of low birthweight ( < 2,500g), very low birthweigh ( < 1,500g) and fetal growth restriction below the 5th and 10th centiles were compared between groups. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for significant differences. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between fetal growth restriction and significant independent variables. Results: The mean birthweight difference between ISUA (n=131, 2,840+-701g) and control (n=730, 2,983+-671g) pregnancies was 143g (95%CI= 17-269; p= 0.04). Birthweight below the 5th centile was more common in ISUA (21.4% versus 13.6%, p= 0.02, LR= 1.57, 95%CI: 1.07- 2.25); particularly in the subgroup of pregnancies with associated maternal disease or pregnancy complication (28.6% versus 14.1%, p= 0.02, LR= 2.22, 95%CI: 1.12-4.25). No significant differences were observed in low birthweight, very low birthweight or birthweight below the 10th centile. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that birthweight below the 5th centile was significantly associated with ISUA only. Conclusion: Isolated single umbilical artery is associated with 1.6 times increased risk of birthweight below the 5th centile. In pregnancies with associated maternal disease or pregnancy complication, this risk is increased 2.2 times
Barreto, José de Arimatea. "Diagnóstico da restrição de crescimento fetal pela relação diâmetro transverso do cerebelo/circunferência abdominal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2003. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7017.
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Objectives: to evaluate the validity of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD)/abdominal circumference (AC) ratio as an ultrasonographic diagnosis method of fetal growth restriction (FGR). To calculate by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve the best cut-off value of TCD/AC ratio. To verify whether TCD/AC has its accuracy modified according to the dependence of type of FGR (symmetric and asymmetric) or according to the time between ultrasonography and deliverance. To compare TCD/AC ratio at its cut-off with the femur length (FL)/ abdominal circumference (AC) ratio. Method: a prospective cross-sectional study, carried out in 250 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation, known accurate gestational age with ultrasound confirmation, living fetuses. Obstetrics sonographic examinations were accomplished until gestation resolution, but only the last one, within 14 days of the deliverance, was used for analysis. Neonates with TCD/AC ratio greater than the cut-off, established by ROC curve were diagnosed as FGR. The same was considered for FL/AC ratio. We classified as gold standard for FGR in new-born infants, who presented birth weight bellow 10th percentile of gestational age according to the growth curves of Lubchenco et al. (1963), corrected according to their sex. Neonates showing FGR and Rohrer ponderal index between 2,2 and 3,0 were labeled as symmetric FGR. Those showing FGR and ponderal index below 2,2 were labeled as asymmetric FGR. Results: prevalence of FGR among the study group was 12,4%. The best cut-off value calculated by ROC curve for TCD/AC ratio was 16,15. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests were 77,4%, 82,6%, 38,7%, 96,3%, 82%, 4,5 and 3,7, respectively. In the symmetric FGR, sensitivity and specificity were 80,8% and 81,7%, respectively. In the asymmetric FGR, sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 75%, respectively. Results lower than in the symmetric FGR, but not statistically significant (p > 0,05). In the interval zero to seven days between sonographic examination and deliverance, sensitivity and specificity were 81,5% and 82,1%, respectively. In the interval of eight to 14 days, sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 84,3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0,05). The best cut-off value calculated by ROC curve for FL/AC ratio was 22,65, showing sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests of 67,7%, 81,7%, 34,4%, 94,7%, 80%, 3,7 and 2,5, respectively. Conclusions: TCD/AC ratio at cut-off 16,15 proved to be an effective method in antenatal diagnosis of FGR, both symmetric as asymmetric, with no influence of interval between ultrasonography examination and deliverance. As a gestational age-independent method, it is useful enough in the occurrence of cases where these data are unknown. FL/AC ratio proved is not so effective as TCD/AC ratio in diagnosis of FGR.
Objetivos: testar a validade da relação diâmetro transverso do cerebelo (DTC) /circunferência abdominal (CA) como método diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico da restrição de crescimento fetal (RCF). Determinar, através de curva ROC (receiver operator characteristic), o melhor ponto de corte da relação DTC/CA. Verificar se a relação DTC/CA tem sua acurácia modificada na dependência do tipo de RCF (simétrica ou assimétrica) ou do tempo entre a ultra-sonografia e o parto. Comparar DTC/CA, no ponto de corte obtido, com a relação comprimento do fêmur (CF) /circunferência abdominal (CA). Método: estudo prospectivo, seccional, envolvendo 250 gestantes com gravidez única, idade gestacional precisa, feto vivo. Foram realizadas ultra-sonografias obstétricas até a resolução da gestação, mas somente a última foi considerada para análise. Os neonatos cujas relações DTC/CA estiveram maiores do que o ponto de corte determinado pela curva ROC foram considerados acometidos por RCF. Idem para a relação CF/CA. Considerou-se como padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de RCF os recém-nascidos cujos pesos situaram-se abaixo do percentil 10 para a idade gestacional nas curvas de Lubchenco et al. (1963), corrigidas para sexo. Definiu-se RCF simétrica neonatos com índice ponderal de Rohrer situado entre 2,2 e 3.0. Aqueles com RCF cujos índices fossem < 2,2 foram classificados como RCF assimétrica. Resultados: a prevalência da RCF foi de 12,4%. O ponto de corte da relação DTC/CA determinado pela curva ROC foi 16,15. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, acurácia, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa foram de 77,4%, 82,6%, 38,7%, 96,3%, 82%, 4,5 e 3,7, respectivamente. Na RCF simétrica a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 80,8% e 81,7%, respectivamente. Na assimétrica a sensibilidade e especificidade foram 60% e 75%, respectivamente. Resultados menores do que na simétrica, porém, não estatisticamente significantes (p > 0,05). No intervalo de zero a sete dias entre a última ultra-sonografia e o parto, a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 81,5% e 82,1%, respectivamente. No intervalo de oito a 14 dias, a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 50% e 84,3%, respectivamente, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois intervalos (p > 0,05). O ponto de corte da relação CF/CA foi de 22,65, com sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, acurácia, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa de 67,7%, 81,7%, 34,4%, 94,7%, 80%, 3,7 e 2,5, respectivamente. Conclusões: a relação DTC/CA no ponto de corte 16,15 mostrou-se método eficaz no diagnóstico de RCF, tanto simétrica quanto assimétrica, não sendo influenciada pelo tempo entre a última ultra-sonografia e o parto. Sendo método independente da idade gestacional, é especialmente útil nos casos em que este dado é ignorado. A relação CF/CA mostrou-se menos eficaz do que a DTC/CA no diagnóstico da RCF.
Bueno, Marcia Pereira. "Modelo experimental de restrição de crescimento intrauterino em ratas prenhes e suas repercussões em receptores celulares de insulina." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311749.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A restrição do crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) limita o desenvolvimento fetal adequado aumentando a morbidade e mortalidades perinatais. Os mecanismos fetais adaptativos na RCIU podem desencadear alterações endócrinas e metabólicas que explicariam a ocorrência de doenças na idade adulta. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar na RCIU experimental pela ligadura da artéria uterina se existem alterações na morfometria e histologia do fígado, intesti no e rins e se existem diferenças na expressão dos receptores de insulina, IR-(3, IRS-1, IRS-2, IGF-IR(3 no grupo de fetos submetidos à RCIU. O presente experimento foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética e Experimentação Animal da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CEEA-UNICAMP) e aprovado como projeto de pesquisa N° 1644-1. Para realização do estudo utilizamos fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley divididos em 3 grupos. Grupo I (RCIU) - 40 fetos submetidos à ligadura da artéria uterina unilateral com 18,5 dias de gestação, Grupo II (Controle-RCIU) - 40 fetos do corno oposto ao da ligadura da artéria uterina e Grupo III (Controle Externo) - 40 fetos sem procedimento cirúrgico ou alimentar. Os resultados mostraram no modelo experimental de RCIU uma diminuição do peso corporal (PC), hepático (PH) e intestinal (PI) (p<0,01) no grupo RCIU, as relações entre PH/PC, PI/PC, PR/PC foram mantidas, fetos RC IU tem diminuição das camadas submucosas e mucosas intestinais (p<0,05); diminuição da camada cortical renal e do número de glomérulos, com aumento do volume glomerular (p<0,05). Na RCIU encontramos menor expressão hepática do IR-(3, IRS-1 e IRS-2, menor expressão do IRS-2 no intestino e rins e maior expressão do IGF-IR(3 em todos os tecidos. O modelo experimental estudado causou uma RCIU simétrica com alterações morfométricas e do metabolismo da glicose que poderiam justificar no futuro um maior risco de doenças metabólicas
Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) limits appropriate fetal development increasing morbidity and perinatal mortality. Adaptive mechanisms in fetal IUGR may leave to endocrine and metabolic alterations that could explain the occurrence of diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether experimental IUGR by uterine artery ligation causes changes in morphology and histology of the liver, intestines and kidneys. We also evaluated if there were differences in the expression of insulin receptors, IR-(3, IRS-1, IRS-2, IGF-IR(3 of fetuses subjected to IUGR. This experiment was submitted to the Ethics and Animal Experimentation of the Campinas State University (UNICAMP CEEA) and was approved as a research project No. 1644-1. The study used fetuses Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 3 groups. Group I (IUGR) - 40 fetuses who underwent uterine artery ligation sided with 18.5 days of pregnancy Group II (Control-IUGR) - 40 fetuses of the horn opposite to the uterine artery ligation, and Group III (External Control) - 40 fetuses without surgery or food The results showed the experimental model of IUGR, a reduction in body weight (BW), liver (PH) and intestine (PI) (p <0.01) in IUGR, the relationship between PH/PC, PI/PC, PR/PC have been retai ned, IUGR fetuses have reduced layers of the intestinal mucosa and submucosa (p<0,05), decreased renal cortical layer and the glomerular number and increased volume rate (p<0,05). In IUGR found lower hepatic expression of IR-(3, IRS-1 and IRS-2, reduced expression of IRS-2 in the intestine and kidney and increased expression of IGF-IR(3 in all tissues. The experimental model studied caused a symmetrical IUGR with histological changes and glucose metabolism that could justify a greater risk of metabolic diseasesin the future
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Tocoginecologia
Almeida, Flavia de. "Estudo da associação entre a concentração plasmática de homocisteína materna e a restrição de crescimento fetal." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECJS-7YYNF6.
Full textRebello, Mariana Gonçalves. "Avaliação de depressão, estresse, apoio social e autoestima em gestantes com suspeita de restrição do crescimento fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-27102017-094455/.
Full textEvaluation of depression, stress, social support and self-esteem in pregnant woman with suspected fetal growth restriction [Dissertation]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2017. Introduction: Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is the condition in which fetal weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. This condition characterizes a high-risk pregnancy and is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In addition to biological fetal, maternal and placental factors, the FGR is influenced by psychosocial factors such as depression and stress. This study aims to compare pregnant woman with suspected FGR and pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences in relation to depression, stress, social support and self-esteem. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 79 pregnant women with suspected FGR, met at the Low Fetal Weight Clinic of the PRIME-MD was used to evaluate depression and PPP for stress assessment, social support and self-esteem. Quantitative analysis was performed using the t-test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and for comparison of more than two groups was considered the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The Dunn test, with corrected p values, was used for 2 on 2 comparisons. The Pearson\'s chi-square tests or Fisher\'s exact tests were used for qualitative data analysis. Results: In the present study, pregnant women with a suspicion of FGR had a mean age of 25.89 (SD=6.11), mean gestational age of 33.33 weeks (SD=3.36 weeks) and average gestation numbers of 1.92 (SD=1.22). The pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences presented averages 27,27 (SD=5.90), 32.55 (SD=4.01) and 1.83 (SD=0.93), respectively. A diagnosis of depression was found among 17.7% of pregnant women with suspected FGR and 16.3% of pregnant women without clinical intercurrences. As for stress, peer support, support from other people and self-esteem was found among pregnant women with suspected FGR mean scores of 18.27 (SD=5.50), 55.15 (SD=13.76), 53.77 (SD=13.27) and 32.70 (SD=4.60). Among the pregnant women without clinical intercurrences, the mean scores were 19.72 (SD=5.16), 55.70 (SD=11.37), 51.33 (SD = 13.26) and 34.22 (SD = 4.85), respectively. The statistical significance of stress (p < 0.01) and self-esteem (p < 0.01) were found in the association between the groups with suspected FGR and depression (RCF+D) and with suspected FGR without depression (RCF-D). Among the groups without intercurrences and with depression (BR+D) and without intercurrences and without depression (BR-D), statistical significance was observed between stress (p=0.04) and self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the RCF+D and BR-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the BR + D and RCF-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p=0.03). Statistical differences were not found for stress among the RCF+D and BR+D, RCF-D and BR-D, and BR-D and RCF+D groups, and for self-esteem between the RCF+D and BR+D groups, And RCF-D and BR-D. None of the groups studied presented statistical difference regarding the support scores of the companion and the support of other people. Conclusions: In this study, the presence of depression during pregnancy was associated with a higher stress score and lower self-esteem score both among pregnant women with FGR suspicion and among pregnant women without clinical intercurrences
Dalle, Molle Roberta. "Mecanismos envolvidos na programação fetal do comportamento alimentar pela restrição de crescimento intrauterino em roedores e humanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97244.
Full textIntroduction: Fetal environment changes can lead to adaptations that are associated with increased risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes in adult life. Evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can persistently program the subject’s preference for palatable foods. It is believed that feeding behavior alterations can explain, at least in part, the increased risk for chronic diseases in IUGR individuals. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the factors and mechanisms involved in this behavior. The aim of this study was to explore how IUGR affects feeding behavior of animals and humans, as well as to verify the potential mechanisms related to this behavioral programming. Methods: Time-mated pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to Control (receiving standard chow ad libitum) or 50% food restricted (FR), receiving 50% of the ad libitum-fed dam’s habitual intake. These diets were provided from day 10 of pregnancy throughout day 21 of lactation. Within 24 hours after birth, pups were crossfostered, forming four groups: Adlib_Adlib, FR_Adlib, FR_FR, Adlib_FR. Standard chow consumption was compared between all groups. Food preference, conditioned place preference to a palatable diet, and the nucleus accumbens tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and D2 receptor levels were analyzed focusing on two groups of interest (Adlib_Adlib and FR_Adlib). In humans, 75 youths were classified regarding IUGR and had anthropometric data, biochemical data, and feeding behavior (food choice task, in which everyone received a monetary value to purchase a snack, and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) assessed. Forty three neuroimaging exams were performed and resting state functional connectivity between brain regions related to reward of 28 individuals were processed and analyzed. Results: In the experimental study, standard chow consumption was not different between groups. IUGR adult rats had increased preference for palatable food, but showed less conditioned place preference to a palatable diet compared to controls. At baseline, the accumbal tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation was increased in IUGR rats compared to controls. After sweet food exposure, the difference between groups remained only in males. Accumbal D2 receptors levels were decreased in IUGR rats. In the clinical study, it was found that low birth weight ratio (indicative of higher IUGR) and high body mass index predict a restrained eating style as seen by the DEBQ. IUGR individuals used a smaller quantity of a financial resource offered in the food choice task after a fasting period. Resting state functional connectivity data suggest that IUGR individuals had an altered pattern of connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex, the ventral/dorsal striatum and the amygdala. Conclusion: IUGR was associated with a preference for palatable foods and alterations in the dopaminergic system in the experimental study, as well as changes in the resting state functional connectivity between regions of the mesocorticolimbic pathway in the clinical study. Alterations in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system observed in IUGR rats indicate an important role in the programming of food preferences. Moreover, the IUGR pattern of brain connectivity observed suggests that alterations in certain regions involved in reward processing and evaluation could be associated with changes in eating behavior. Neurobehavioral changes observed confirmed the existence of a fetal programming of feeding behavior associated with IUGR, pointing out to persistent modifications in the brain reward system, which can be seen as a risk factor for the development of obesity and its comorbidities.
Abulé, Renata Montes Dourado. "Avaliação do volume e índices vasculares placentários pela ultrassonografia tridimensional em gestações com restrição grave de crescimento fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-20052016-105530/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major complication of pregnancy and it is associated with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The frequency of neonatal adverse outcome is directly related to the severity of FGR and the cases of poor prognosis are related to weight below the 3rd percentile. Abnormal placental development and decreased uteroplacental perfusion is one of the main causes of FGR. This study aimed to evaluate placental volume and vascular indices by three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in pregnancies with severe FGR, and their correlation with normal values and maternal-fetal doppler. METHODS: We studied 27 pregnant women whose fetuses had estimated weight below the 3rd percentile for gestational age. Placental volume (PV) and placental indices- vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization and flow index (VFI)- were measured by the 3DUS using the VOCAL technique. These were compared to volume and vascularization normogram described by De Paula e cols. (2008, 2009). Since placental volumes vary throughout pregnancy, the observed values were compared to the expected values at the gestational age and to fetal weight. The observed-to-expected placental volume ratio for gestacional age (PVR-GA) and the observed-to-expected placental volume ratio for fetal weight (PVR-FW) were calculated. Placental parameters were correlated with uterine arteries (UtA) mean pulsatility index (PI) of umbilical artery(UA) PI and they were also evaluated according to the presence of bilateral protodiastolic notch in UtA. RESULTS: Compared to normal curve, the placentas of severe FGR pregnancies showed PV, VI, FI and VFI significantly lower (p < 0,0001 for all parameters). There was a statistically significant inverse correlation of UtA mean PI to PVR-GA (r= - 0,461, p= 0,018), VI(r= -0,401, p= 0,042) and VFI(r= -0,421, p= 0,048. In the group of women who had bilateral protodiastolic notch in UtA, PVR-GA (p= 0,014), PVR-FW (p= 0,02) and VI (p= 0,044) were significantly lower. None of placental parameters correlated significantly with UA PI. CONCLUSIONS: Volume and placental vascularization indices are decreased in fetuses with severe FGR. UtA mean PI has a negative correlation with PVR-GA, VI and VFI, and PVR-GA, PVR-FW and VI are decreased in cases with UtA bilateral notch. There was no correlation of placental parameters to UA PI
da, Cás Samira. "O impacto da restrição de crescimento intrauterino no comportamento alimentar aos 30 dias de vida." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174713.
Full textOBJECTIVE: To evaluate feeding behavior of infants born small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age using a questionnaire, and compare them with infants born adequate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS: Prospective cohort study was carried out in which the first phase consisted of an interview about gestation and delivery, as well as socioeconomic data, with mothers who had their babies born at term in the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In the second phase of the study, the Baby Eating Questionnaire (BEBQ) was applied through telephone interview 1 month of birth. RESULTS: 126 infants (43 AGA, 43 SGA and 40 LGA) with a mean gestational age of 39.4 weeks were assessed. The analyses did not show significant differences in the main demographic and perinatal data between the different study groups. However, a higher level of schooling was observed in mothers of SGA infants (p = 0.004) and a lower prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the LGA (p = 0.002). The analysis of variance found no significant difference between the groups in any of the BEBQ domains, even when corrected for the sex of the baby. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that changes in feeding behavior are not yet present at 1 month of age, suggesting that they are not innate, but developed over time. The study is limited to growth assessments based on third-party records.
Santos, Talita de Mello. "Efeitos da restrição proteica materna sobre o desenvolvimento do ducto mesonéfrico e do epidídimo nas fases iniciais em ratos wistar." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183444.
Full textResumo: O ambiente desempenha papel crucial durante o desenvolvimento fetal, podendo influenciar diretamente a saúde da prole. Assim, o estado nutricional materno é essencial para a saúde e bem-estar do feto. Há relatos de alterações em parâmetros relacionados à função epididimária, em animais adultos, cujas mães sofreram restrição de proteína durante as fases de gestação e lactação. A origem das alterações funcionais no epidídimo pode estar relacionada à fatores hormonais, bem como na expressão de seus receptores, e por meio da modulação de moléculas de sinalização como FGFs (Fator de crescimento de Fibroblastos), vias da ERK e Wnt, e à funcionalidade da Src, ou seja, proteínas relacionadas aos processos do desenvolvimento epididimário. No entanto, não há informações que esclareçam as causas dessas alterações ou como a restrição proteica atua ao longo do desenvolvimento pré e pós-natal do epididímo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da restrição proteica materna, no ducto mesonéfrico e no epidídimo nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento. Assim, ratas Wistar prenhes foram divididas em dois grupos experimentais que receberam uma dieta de normoproteica (NP; 17% de proteína; n=19) ou hipoproteica (HP; 6% de proteína; n=19) durante a gestação e a lactação. Cinco ratas prenhes de cada grupo foram eutanasiadas para coleta dos ductos mesonéfricos dos embriões no dia gestacional (DG)17,5 e as demais permaneceram até os dias pós-natais (DPN) 7 ou 14. Os filhotes mach... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The environment plays a crucial role during fetal development and can directly influence the health of the offspring. Thus, maternal nutritional status is essential for fetus' health and well-being. There have been reports of alterations in parameters related to epididymal function in adult animals whose mothers suffered protein restriction during the gestation and lactation. The origin of the functional alterations in the epididymis can be related to the hormonal factors, as well as in the expression of its receptors, and on signaling molecules modulation like FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factor), ERK and Wnt pathways, and functionality of Src, or proteins related to epididymal development. However, there is no information to clarify the causes of these changes or how protein restriction acts throughout pre and postnatal development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal protein restriction on the mesonephric duct and in the early stages of epididymal development. Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into two groups that received either normoprotein (17%; NP) or low-protein (6%; LP) diet ad libitum during gestation and lactation. Five pregnant rats from each group were euthanized to collect the mesonephric ducts on gestational day (DG) 17.5 and the others rats remained until the postnatal days (PND) 7 or PND14. The male offspring had their biometric parameters verified and were euthanized. Blood was collected for sex hormones analysis and genital organs... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Senra, Janaina Campos. "Avaliação do volume e da vascularização renais ao ultrassom tridimensional em fetos com restrição de crescimento intrauterino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-13022019-153144/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: In fetal growth restriction, the adaptive response to hypoxia, with prioritization of blood flow to noble organs, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, such as increased resistance in the renal arteries. Then, renal development is impaired and restricted fetuses have lower renal volumes. However, the literature is scarse in studies using three-dimensional ultrasound in renal assessment and does not describe the relationship of this potential renal damage with adverse neonatal outcomes. That technique has been used to mesure volumes and quantify blood flows of low resistance and could also be applied to improve the evaluation of renal volume and vascularization in fetal growth restriction. OBJECTIVES: To compare the ratio of total renal volume to estimated fetal weight (TRV/EFW) among fetuses with and without grown restriction. Fhurthermore, we aim to correlate TRV/EFW with fetal dopplervelocimetry and renal vascularization indexes and to evaluate the association of renal parameters with adverse neonatal events in restricted fetuses. METHODS: Total renal volume and renal vascularization of restricted and normal fetuses were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasonography and the VOCAL technique. Renal vascularization indexes were corrected for renal depth (VIcd, VFIcd and FIcd). The t-tests for independent samples and Mann-Whitney test were used for comparisons between groups. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the association between renal characteristics and adverse neonatal events. RESULTS: Seventy-one restricted fetuses were compared to 194 normally growing fetuses. The TRV/EFW was lower in the restricted group (p < 0.001). However, this ratio did not correlate with Doppler velocimetric parameters, renal vascular indexes or any adverse neonatal events. CONCLUSION: The ratio of total renal volume to estimated fetal weight tends to decrease in intrauterine growth restriction
Alves, Márcio Bonesso. "Flexibilidade cognitiva em roedores adultos expostos à restrição de crescimento intrauterino : investigação do papel do cuidado materno e da resposta neuroquímica à recompensa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109720.
Full textIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with altered food preferences as well as increased risk for obesity in adult life. However, while the adverse metabolic outcomes have been better characterized in this condition, the neurobehavioral disabilities and particular abnormalities in specific areas of the brain have received less attention. Moreover, the role of maternal care in the stablishment of these outcomes should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IUGR on the cognitive flexibility of adult animals, exploring the putative involvement of maternal care and the neurochemical response to reward – through the measurement of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) content in the orbitofrontal (OF) cortex and nucleus accumbens (nacc) - on this behavioral outcome. Materials and methods: From day 10 of gestation and through lactation, Sprague-Dawley rats received either an ad libitum (AdLib), or a 50% food restricted (FR) diet. At birth, pups were cross-fostered, generating AdLib/AdLib and FR/AdLib groups (pregnancy/lactation). From day 2 to 7 postpartum maternal care was recorded in a five daily sessions. Cognitive flexibility was measured using the Attentional Set-Shifting Task (ASST) with a sweet pellet as a reward. Animals were also submitted to 4 hours of fasting and then exposed to a sweet food for 1 hour to verify the palatable food consumption. TH content in the OF cortex and Nacc was measured at baseline or in response to palatable food intake. Results: Dams of FR group showed less care toward her pups. More precisely, these FR dams showed less licking/grooming than AdLib dams (p<0.01), without difference in the nursing postures and time spent out of the nest. Pups of FR dams had reduced birth weight (p<0.01). At 90 days of age, FR/AdLib males showed increased intake of sweet food in the acute exposure (p=0.04), while females did not differ in the amount consumed (p=0.37). When compared to Controls, IUGR females needed fewer trials to reach criterion in the ASST(p=0.04) and had an increase in TH in response to sweet food intake in the OFC (p=0.04), but not at baseline. No differences were seen in males (p=0.51). In the nacc, there was an increase in TH at baseline in IUGR males (p=0.03) and females (p=0.02). Discussion: The protocol used was efficient in inducing IUGR in the pups. To characterize maternal care in different protocols is crucial to better understand the relationships between early adverse environment and their coincident adverse outcomes in adult life. The improvement in performance of FR females in ASST and concomitant increase in OFC TH in respone to sweet food consumption suggests that palatable food cues are stronger for intrauterine restricted females. Besides, alterations found in the Nacc in both sexes suggest that IUGR induces modifications in the central response to palatable food cues and its intake, affecting dopamine release in select structures of the brain reward system.
Barreto, Josà de Arimatea. "DiagnÃstico da restriÃÃo de crescimento fetal pela relaÃÃo diÃmetro transverso do cerebelo/circunferÃncia abdominal." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=357.
Full textCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Objetivos: testar a validade da relaÃÃo diÃmetro transverso do cerebelo (DTC) /circunferÃncia abdominal (CA) como mÃtodo diagnÃstico ultra-sonogrÃfico da restriÃÃo de crescimento fetal (RCF). Determinar, atravÃs de curva ROC (receiver operator characteristic), o melhor ponto de corte da relaÃÃo DTC/CA. Verificar se a relaÃÃo DTC/CA tem sua acurÃcia modificada na dependÃncia do tipo de RCF (simÃtrica ou assimÃtrica) ou do tempo entre a ultra-sonografia e o parto. Comparar DTC/CA, no ponto de corte obtido, com a relaÃÃo comprimento do fÃmur (CF) /circunferÃncia abdominal (CA). MÃtodo: estudo prospectivo, seccional, envolvendo 250 gestantes com gravidez Ãnica, idade gestacional precisa, feto vivo. Foram realizadas ultra-sonografias obstÃtricas atà a resoluÃÃo da gestaÃÃo, mas somente a Ãltima foi considerada para anÃlise. Os neonatos cujas relaÃÃes DTC/CA estiveram maiores do que o ponto de corte determinado pela curva ROC foram considerados acometidos por RCF. Idem para a relaÃÃo CF/CA. Considerou-se como padrÃo-ouro para o diagnÃstico de RCF os recÃm-nascidos cujos pesos situaram-se abaixo do percentil 10 para a idade gestacional nas curvas de Lubchenco et al. (1963), corrigidas para sexo. Definiu-se RCF simÃtrica neonatos com Ãndice ponderal de Rohrer situado entre 2,2 e 3.0. Aqueles com RCF cujos Ãndices fossem < 2,2 foram classificados como RCF assimÃtrica. Resultados: a prevalÃncia da RCF foi de 12,4%. O ponto de corte da relaÃÃo DTC/CA determinado pela curva ROC foi 16,15. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, acurÃcia, razÃes de verossimilhanÃa positiva e negativa foram de 77,4%, 82,6%, 38,7%, 96,3%, 82%, 4,5 e 3,7, respectivamente. Na RCF simÃtrica a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 80,8% e 81,7%, respectivamente. Na assimÃtrica a sensibilidade e especificidade foram 60% e 75%, respectivamente. Resultados menores do que na simÃtrica, porÃm, nÃo estatisticamente significantes (p > 0,05). No intervalo de zero a sete dias entre a Ãltima ultra-sonografia e o parto, a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 81,5% e 82,1%, respectivamente. No intervalo de oito a 14 dias, a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 50% e 84,3%, respectivamente, sem diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois intervalos (p > 0,05). O ponto de corte da relaÃÃo CF/CA foi de 22,65, com sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, acurÃcia, razÃes de verossimilhanÃa positiva e negativa de 67,7%, 81,7%, 34,4%, 94,7%, 80%, 3,7 e 2,5, respectivamente. ConclusÃes: a relaÃÃo DTC/CA no ponto de corte 16,15 mostrou-se mÃtodo eficaz no diagnÃstico de RCF, tanto simÃtrica quanto assimÃtrica, nÃo sendo influenciada pelo tempo entre a Ãltima ultra-sonografia e o parto. Sendo mÃtodo independente da idade gestacional, à especialmente Ãtil nos casos em que este dado à ignorado. A relaÃÃo CF/CA mostrou-se menos eficaz do que a DTC/CA no diagnÃstico da RCF.
Objectives: to evaluate the validity of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD)/abdominal circumference (AC) ratio as an ultrasonographic diagnosis method of fetal growth restriction (FGR). To calculate by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve the best cut-off value of TCD/AC ratio. To verify whether TCD/AC has its accuracy modified according to the dependence of type of FGR (symmetric and asymmetric) or according to the time between ultrasonography and deliverance. To compare TCD/AC ratio at its cut-off with the femur length (FL)/ abdominal circumference (AC) ratio. Method: a prospective cross-sectional study, carried out in 250 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation, known accurate gestational age with ultrasound confirmation, living fetuses. Obstetrics sonographic examinations were accomplished until gestation resolution, but only the last one, within 14 days of the deliverance, was used for analysis. Neonates with TCD/AC ratio greater than the cut-off, established by ROC curve were diagnosed as FGR. The same was considered for FL/AC ratio. We classified as gold standard for FGR in new-born infants, who presented birth weight bellow 10th percentile of gestational age according to the growth curves of Lubchenco et al. (1963), corrected according to their sex. Neonates showing FGR and Rohrer ponderal index between 2,2 and 3,0 were labeled as symmetric FGR. Those showing FGR and ponderal index below 2,2 were labeled as asymmetric FGR. Results: prevalence of FGR among the study group was 12,4%. The best cut-off value calculated by ROC curve for TCD/AC ratio was 16,15. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests were 77,4%, 82,6%, 38,7%, 96,3%, 82%, 4,5 and 3,7, respectively. In the symmetric FGR, sensitivity and specificity were 80,8% and 81,7%, respectively. In the asymmetric FGR, sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 75%, respectively. Results lower than in the symmetric FGR, but not statistically significant (p > 0,05). In the interval zero to seven days between sonographic examination and deliverance, sensitivity and specificity were 81,5% and 82,1%, respectively. In the interval of eight to 14 days, sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 84,3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0,05). The best cut-off value calculated by ROC curve for FL/AC ratio was 22,65, showing sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests of 67,7%, 81,7%, 34,4%, 94,7%, 80%, 3,7 and 2,5, respectively. Conclusions: TCD/AC ratio at cut-off 16,15 proved to be an effective method in antenatal diagnosis of FGR, both symmetric as asymmetric, with no influence of interval between ultrasonography examination and deliverance. As a gestational age-independent method, it is useful enough in the occurrence of cases where these data are unknown. FL/AC ratio proved is not so effective as TCD/AC ratio in diagnosis of FGR.
Corvino, Silvana Barroso [UNESP]. "Ratas nascidas com restrição de crescimento intrauterino submetidas à natação antes e durante a prenhez: repercussões maternas e perinatais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132088.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Avaliar o efeito do exercício de natação antes e durante a prenhez em ratas que nasceram com restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) e na sua prole. As ratas RCIU foram obtidas usando um modelo de indução de diabete grave (DG) por streptozotocin. As ratas não-diabéticas e DG geraram descendentes apropriados (C) e pequenos (RCIU) para a idade de prenhez, respectivamente. Na vida adulta, as ratas C e RCIU foram distribuídas em 4 subgrupos: controle não-exercitado (C); controle exercitado (Cex); restrição de crescimento intrauterino não-exercitado (RCIU) e restrição de crescimento intrauterino exercitado (RCIUex). A taxa de acasalamento do grupo RCIU foi reduzido comparado ao grupo controle. As ratas RCIU apresentaram diminuição do peso corpóreo desde o nascimento até o período de lactação independentemente do exercício físico. No 90º dia de vida, as ratas RCIU apresentaram intolerância à glicose comparada ao grupo C. Os pesos dos orgãos maternos (coração, pâncreas e pulmão) foram maiores, os tecidos adiposos (pancreático, peritoneal, esternal e periovariano) e a adiposidade total e relativa das ratas RCIUex foram menores em relação ao grupo Cex. Na prole, o peso corpóreo de fêmeas e machos foram reduzidos nos grupos RCIU e RCIUex comparado aos dos grupos C and Cex, respectivamente. No entanto, foi observado aumento nas taxas de filhotes classificados como apropriados para a idade de prenhez no grupo RCIUex. O peso relativo do coração dos descendentes machos e do cerebro e do pulmão dos desecendentes fêmeas e machos foram maiores no grupo RCIUex comparado aos do Cex. Com isso, o programa de natação aplicado antes e durante a prenhez previniu a intolerância à glucose, reduziu a adiposidade em geral e aumentou os pesos dos orgãos na mãe e nos descendentes, mostrando o efeito benéfico do exercicio físico para ratas RCIU
To evaluate the swimming effect before and during pregnancy of rats born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and on their offspring. For this, IUGR rat offspring were obtained from the streptozotocin-induced severely diabetic (SD) dams. The nondiabetic and SD pregnant rats generated offspring with appropriate (Control, C) and small (IUGR) weight for pregnancy age, respectively. At adult life, C and IUGR groups were distributed into four subgroups: non-exercised control (C): exercised control (Cex), non-exercised IUGR (IUGR) and exercised IUGR (IUGRex). The rate of mated IUGR rats was reduced compared to control group. The IUGR rats presented decreased body weight from birth to lactation regardless of physical exercise. At day 90 of life, IUGR rats presented glucose intolerance compared to C group. The maternal heart, pancreas and lung weights were increased, and the adipose tissues (pancreatic, peritoneal, esternal and periovarian fat), total and relative adiposity of IUGRex rats were reduced compared to Cex. In the offspring, female and male body weights were reduced in the IUGR and IUGRex groups in relation to those of C and Cex, respectively. There was increase of the newborn classified as appropriate for pregnancy age in IUGRex group. The relative weights of heart of male offspring and of brain and lung of female and male offspring were increased in the IUGEex group than Cex. Thus, the swimming applied before and during rat pregnancy prevented glucose intolerance, reduced general adiposity and increased maternal and offspring's organ weight, showing benefit effect of physical exercise for IUGR rats
Corvino, Silvana Barroso. "Ratas nascidas com restrição de crescimento intrauterino submetidas à natação antes e durante a prenhez : repercussões maternas e perinatais /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132088.
Full textBanca: Yuri Sinzato
Banca: Patrícia Bauer
Banca: Claudio Gobatto
Banca: Elena Zambrano
Resumo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício de natação antes e durante a prenhez em ratas que nasceram com restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) e na sua prole. As ratas RCIU foram obtidas usando um modelo de indução de diabete grave (DG) por streptozotocin. As ratas não-diabéticas e DG geraram descendentes apropriados (C) e pequenos (RCIU) para a idade de prenhez, respectivamente. Na vida adulta, as ratas C e RCIU foram distribuídas em 4 subgrupos: controle não-exercitado (C); controle exercitado (Cex); restrição de crescimento intrauterino não-exercitado (RCIU) e restrição de crescimento intrauterino exercitado (RCIUex). A taxa de acasalamento do grupo RCIU foi reduzido comparado ao grupo controle. As ratas RCIU apresentaram diminuição do peso corpóreo desde o nascimento até o período de lactação independentemente do exercício físico. No 90º dia de vida, as ratas RCIU apresentaram intolerância à glicose comparada ao grupo C. Os pesos dos orgãos maternos (coração, pâncreas e pulmão) foram maiores, os tecidos adiposos (pancreático, peritoneal, esternal e periovariano) e a adiposidade total e relativa das ratas RCIUex foram menores em relação ao grupo Cex. Na prole, o peso corpóreo de fêmeas e machos foram reduzidos nos grupos RCIU e RCIUex comparado aos dos grupos C and Cex, respectivamente. No entanto, foi observado aumento nas taxas de filhotes classificados como apropriados para a idade de prenhez no grupo RCIUex. O peso relativo do coração dos descendentes machos e do cerebro e do pulmão dos desecendentes fêmeas e machos foram maiores no grupo RCIUex comparado aos do Cex. Com isso, o programa de natação aplicado antes e durante a prenhez previniu a intolerância à glucose, reduziu a adiposidade em geral e aumentou os pesos dos orgãos na mãe e nos descendentes, mostrando o efeito benéfico do exercicio físico para ratas RCIU
Abstract: To evaluate the swimming effect before and during pregnancy of rats born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and on their offspring. For this, IUGR rat offspring were obtained from the streptozotocin-induced severely diabetic (SD) dams. The nondiabetic and SD pregnant rats generated offspring with appropriate (Control, C) and small (IUGR) weight for pregnancy age, respectively. At adult life, C and IUGR groups were distributed into four subgroups: non-exercised control (C): exercised control (Cex), non-exercised IUGR (IUGR) and exercised IUGR (IUGRex). The rate of mated IUGR rats was reduced compared to control group. The IUGR rats presented decreased body weight from birth to lactation regardless of physical exercise. At day 90 of life, IUGR rats presented glucose intolerance compared to C group. The maternal heart, pancreas and lung weights were increased, and the adipose tissues (pancreatic, peritoneal, esternal and periovarian fat), total and relative adiposity of IUGRex rats were reduced compared to Cex. In the offspring, female and male body weights were reduced in the IUGR and IUGRex groups in relation to those of C and Cex, respectively. There was increase of the newborn classified as appropriate for pregnancy age in IUGRex group. The relative weights of heart of male offspring and of brain and lung of female and male offspring were increased in the IUGEex group than Cex. Thus, the swimming applied before and during rat pregnancy prevented glucose intolerance, reduced general adiposity and increased maternal and offspring's organ weight, showing benefit effect of physical exercise for IUGR rats
Mestre
Canale, Vinicius 1986. "Estudo funcional e morfológico renal da prole de ratos cujas mães foram submetidas à restrição proteica gestacional : efeito do tratamento com rapamicina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312741.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Já está bem documentado que a dieta hipoproteica em ratos durante a gestação produz efeitos no crescimento fetal, uma persistente elevação na pressão arterial e disfunções no desenvolvimento renal da prole. Alterações na pressão arterial parecem estar relacionadas à acentuada redução no número de nefros que acaba por causar um quadro de hipertrofia e hiperfluxo nos nefros remanescentes como adaptação para equilibrar a taxa de filtração, no entanto, os mecanismos utilizados para esta adaptação culminam com o surgimento de albuminúria. Este processo acaba por causar esclerose glomerular culminando em um ciclo, comprometendo cada vez mais os nefros remanescentes. O desenvolvimento deste quadro pode levar à síndrome nefrótica e posteriormente à doença renal terminal. Acredita-se que o principal fator atuante na programação fetal neste modelo é devido à exposição exacerbada do feto aos glicocorticoides materno, o que acaba por comprometer a correto desenvolvimento e diferenciação de tecidos e órgãos, e na expressão ou atividade de uma série de receptores e enzimas. Recentemente, tem surgido a hipótese de que a atividade da mTORC poderia estar envolvida no surgimento de doenças na idade adulta neste modelo experimental. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar se a inibição da mTORC através do tratamento com rapamicina em animais programados poderia ser benéfico, inibindo o surgimento de complicações relacionadas com a estrutura glomerular e como seria seu efeitos sistêmico, sobre a função renal e pressão arterial sistêmica. Ratos Wistar receberam ração com baixa proteína (6% LP) e dieta controle (17% NP) durante o período gestacional. A prole de machos foi tratada com rapamicina diluída em DMSO (5%) e administrada via intraperitoneal na dose de 1mg/kg, 3 vezes por semana, a partir da 4ª semana de vida até a 12ª semana. A aferição da pressão arterial sistólica foi realizada nas idades 8, 12 e 16. Foi observado que nos grupos que receberam rapamicina, a pressão artéria sistólica elevou-se consideravelmente em todas as idades. A avaliação da função renal foi realizada através de clearance de creatinina e lítio nas mesmas idades e observamos que durante todo o tratamento, o grupo NP que recebeu rapamicina excretou mais sódio, na porção pós-proximal do túbulo. Além disso, não houve diferença na taxa da filtração glomerular em nenhuma das idades. Quando a proteinúria foi avaliada, observamos que o grupo programado LP sem rapamicina, apresentou evolução com o passar das semanas sendo significativamente maior a partir das 12ª e 16ª semanas, no entanto, os grupos que receberam rapamicina, não apresentaram a mesma evolução, indicando preservação da estrutura glomerular. Os presentes resultados demonstram que apesar de a rapamicina ter elevado a pressão arterial em ambos os grupos, há uma indicação de que os animais programados tem um controle menos eficaz no controle da pressão arterial através da função renal. Mesmo diante da pressão elevada, a rapamicina foi capaz de inibir injúrias à barreira de filtração
Abstract: It is well established that a low protein diet in rats during pregnancy causes effects on fetal growth, a persistent elevation in blood pressure and renal dysfunction in the offspring at a later age. Alterations in blood pressure seem to be related to the marked reduction in the number of nephrons which ultimately causes an overflow and hypertrophy in the remaining nephrons in the attempt to adapt its balance on the filtration rate. However, the mechanisms used for this adaptation results in the appearance of albuminuria. This process might cause glomerular sclerosis culminating in a cycle, increasing the damage to the remaining nephrons. The development of this framework can lead to nephrotic syndrome and subsequently to ESRD. It is believed that the main factor in the fetal programming model is the fetus overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids, which ultimately compromises the proper development and differentiation of tissues and organs. Additionally, the expression and the activity of a number of receptors and enzymes is also affected. Recently, in this experimental model, there has arisen the hypothesis that the activity of mTORC could be involved in the onset of disease in adulthood. This study assess whether the inhibition of mTORC, through the treatment with rapamycin in programmed animals, could be beneficial by inhibiting the onset complications related to glomerular structure and its affect on renal function and blood pressure. Wistar female rats were fed with low protein (6 % LP) or control diet (17 % NP) during pregnancy. The male offspring were treated with rapamycin diluted in DMSO (5 %) and administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1mg/kg, 3 times per week, from the 4th week of life until the 12th week. The measurement of systolic blood pressure was measured at 8, 12, and 16 weeks old. We noticed that in the groups treated with rapamycin the arterial systolic pressure rose considerably in all ages. The assessment of renal function was performed by creatinine clearance and lithium at the same ages as the blood pressures assessment. The NPR group that received rapamycin had an increase in sodium excretion at the post- proximal tubule during the whole treatment. Additionally, there was no difference in the rate of glomerular filtration rate at any age among the groups. When proteinuria was assessed, we found that the programmed Group LP without rapamycin, showed an increase along the weeks and as expected, the groups that have received rapamycin did not show the same trend, indicating preservation in the glomerular structure. The present results demonstrate that rapamycin caused increase in the blood pressure in both groups however, it was able still to inhibit the injury into the filtration barrier. Additionally, there is an indication that the programmed animals, has a less effective control in the blood pressure and the excretion of sodium, even when the treatment is interrupted
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Médica
Mestre em Ciências
Laureano, Daniela Pereira. "Restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) modifica a resposta ao alimento palatável em ratos : estudo da via dopaminérgica e opioidérgica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174932.
Full textIntroduction: Evidence suggests that alteration in the intrauterine environment persistently affects the development of different organs and systems and programs the risk for chronic diseases throughout the life. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased preference for palatable foods and risk to metabolic disease in adulthood. Altered insulin levels in fetal environment in individuals who suffer IUGR can modify the development of the pathways associated with pleasure and reward (opioid and dopaminergic system), modifying eating behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the brain response to palatable food in animals submitted to IUGR. Methods: At gestation day 10, Sprague-Dawley dams are assigned to receive ad libitum diet (AdLib) or 50% restricted diet (FR). At birth, pups were cross-fostered generating two groups (pregnancy/lactation): AdLib/AdLib (Controls) and FR/Adlib (Intrauterine growth restriction - FR). In the Study 1 the hedonic response of the animals was evaluated in 2 moments (24 hours after birth and at 90 days of life). In both ages, rats received sucrose solution or water and the hedonic facial responses exhibited within 60 sec were analyzed. The Study 2, in adulthood (male rats around 80 days of life) the palatable food consumption was evaluated and feeding behavior entropy was assessed using the BioDAQ®. The dopamine release facing standard chow and palatable food was measured by chronoamperometry recordings in nucleus accumbens (NAcc), with or without previous systemic insulin treatment (5UI/kg) Results: In the Study 1, pups’ hedonic responses were higher in FR pups exposed to sucrose as compared to water, without differences in Control pups. There was decreased phosphorylation of the mu opioid receptor in FR pups compared to Controls. In adult life, hedonic responses and mu opioid phosphorylation were not different between groups, suggesting that the alterations in hedonic response and in mu opioid phosphorylation observed in early life do not persist. In the Study 2, there was an interaction between group and time of the day on the palatable food consumption, FR rats eat more palatable foods than the Control group in the active period (dark cycle), and the eating pattern has a higher entropy (unpredictable and fragmented consumption) in the FR group in this cycle. There was a delayed dopamine release in the FR group in response to Froot Loops® (time to reach the peak dopamine release), but not in response to standard chow. Insulin treatment reverted the difference observed between groups in the dopamine (DA) response to Froot Loops®. Western blot showed that SOCS3 was decreased in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of FR; pTH/TH was increased in the NAcc of FR, as we have previously shown, but similarly to the chronoamperometry findings, these differences was reverted by insulin Conclusion: There is an alteration in the hedonic response to sucrose in the first day of life in IUGR animals, together with modifications in opioid receptor phosphorylation, and these differences do not persist in adult life. IUGR alters insulin sensitivity in VTA and consequently leads to a differential dopaminergic modulation by insulin, which is reflected in the pattern and food preference in adult males. IUGR induces alterations in insulin levels possibly modifying the functionality of the opioid and dopaminergic hedonic pathways. IUGR programs neurobehavioral changes, affecting eating behavior, persistently throughout life that may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in the long term.
Miyadahira, Mariana Yumi. "Diástole zero e/ou reversa na dopplervelocimetria de artérias umbilicais em gestações monocoriônicas diamnióticas: resultados obstétricos e perinatais na conduta expectante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-23042018-122802/.
Full textOBJECTIVES: To describe obstetric and perinatal outcomes in three groups of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies under expectant management: with absent and/or reversed end-diastolic Doppler flow (AREDF) in the umbilical arteries (UA) and selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) (Gratacós\' type II); with intermittent AREDF (iAREDF) and sIUGR (Gratacós\' type III) and with iAREDF without sIUGR (Without sIUGR). METHODS: This was a retrospective study, from April 2007 to April 2017. All the MCDA twin pregnancies presenting AREDF or iAREDF in the UA at less than 26 weeks of gestational age (GA), without signs of Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) or fetal anomalies and of whom it was possible to obtain obstetrical data and information of the fetuses and neonates until hospital discharge were included. All the variables were descriptively analysed. Furthermore, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the qualitative variables. RESULTS: 33 patients were included; 6 in type II, 22 in type III and 5 in the group Without sIUGR. Median GA at diagnosis was similar among the groups. Fetal and neonate\'s weight discordances were greater in type II. The groups with iAREDF (type III and Without sIUGR) had the longest latency between diagnosis and intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). Regarding obstetric outcome, median GA at delivery were 29, 32.71 and 30.78 weeks for type II, III and Without sIUGR respectively and sonographic and biophysical parameters deterioration was the main reason to indicate deliveries. IUFD was also more frequent in type II (33,3%), occurred in 20% of type III and 11,36% in the group Without sIUGR. As far as general perinatal outcome is concerned, type II had the worst result, in which no patient took 2 neonates home; it happened in 72.7% in type III and 60% in the group Without sIUGR. In relation to perinatal morbidity, type II neonates presented the lowest weight at birth. Type III and II had the highest, but similar proportions of intraventricular hemorrhage (30.3% and 28.57% respectively), it didn\'t happen in the group Without sIUGR, though. CONCLUSION: Prematurity was preponderant. It is of the highest importance to monitor fetal wellbeing, since the great majority of deliveries were indicated by the deterioration of its parameters. Type II sIUGR showed the most unfavorable perinatal outcome and additionally, the greatest fetal and neonatal weight discordances
Escobar, Renata de Souza. "Interação entre restrição de crescimento intrauterino e relação materno-infantil no comportamento alimentar emocional de crianças aos 48 meses de idade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106843.
Full textIntroduction: The fetal environment is nowadays well recognized for its important contribution to the long-term health and influence in the predisposition to chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), especially females, demonstrate a general preference for a less healthy food choices during development, what could contribute for the increased risk for chronic disease in this population. Low maternal care in childhood is associated with increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, as well as obesity in adolescence. In addition, emotional overeating (defined as eating in response to the emotional stimulus rather than feelings of hunger) is related to excessive food consumption, an increased sweets and fats intake and overweight. It is possible that children born with intrauterine growth restriction are more sensitive to environmental changes such as maternal care, and the interaction between these factors are able to modulate feeding behavior in these individuals. Objective: Investigate the interaction between intrauterine growth restriction and maternal care on emotional overeating at 4 years old children. Methods: This is a preliminary analysis of a Canadian Birth Cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment - MAVAN). The study sample included 195 children from the city of Montreal, Quebec, and Hamilton, Ontario. The IUGR assessment was based on fetal growth ratio of birth weight. At 48 months of age, mothers complete the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the mother-child interaction was filmed during a structured task (“Etch a sketch”) for posterior scoring of the maternal behavior, in which the pairs are instructed to reproduce a house image together using the Etch-a-Sketch toy. We used the scale "atmosphere" (ATM) of GESU, that characterizes the general atmosphere during the play activity through a scale ranging from 1, "a lot of disagreement and conflict, no expression of positive feelings" to 9 "Very harmonious, pleasant, peaceful, without conflict or negative feelings expressed". A linear regression model adjusted for BMI and split by sex was built to analyze the interaction between the ATM score and the birth weight status (IUGR or not) on the emotional overeating domain of the CEBQ. Results: There were no differences between IUGR and non-IUGR in the distribution of gender, maternal education and income, or the ATM score of GESU. The model was significant for girls (r2=0.204, p=0.012) with isolated effects of BMI (B=0.076, p=0.048) and ATM score (B=-0.229, p=0.019) on emotional overeating. Moreover, there was an interaction between IUGR and ATM (B=0.881, p=0.038), in which IUGR girls with worse ATM scores have increased emotional overeating at 4 years of age. No effects were seen in boys (r2=0.012, p=0.331). Conclusion: The quality of mother-child interaction seems to be important to prevent emotional overeating and overweight in girls, especially those born IUGR, at 4 years of age.
França, Maria Laura Marconi. "Avaliação dos desfechos maternos e perinatais em gestantes portadoras de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192399.
Full textResumo: Introdução: O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença sistêmica de caráter autoimune, que acomete mulheres em idade reprodutiva, sendo que a inter-relação entre a doença e a gestação determina importantes desfechos maternos e perinatais. Objetivos: Descrever os desfechos maternos e perinatais em gestações de pacientes portadoras de LES e avaliar o impacto da nefrite lúpica sobre os resultados encontrados. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional descritivo desenvolvido para avaliar as inter-relações entre gestação e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico em pacientes atendidas na Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – HCFMB. O período de estudo foi de janeiro de 2010 a agosto de 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 38 gestações em 31 pacientes com LES. A média das idades foi de 27,4 + 6 anos. A média das idades gestacionais ao nascimento foi de 36 + 3 semanas. As principais intercorrências observadas foram: anemia (39,4%), nefrite lúpica (29%) e hipertensão arterial crônica (10,5%). Hidroxicloroquina foi utilizada em 47,4% das gestações. Em 51,4% das pacientes houve necessidade de antecipação do parto e em 13,1% houve piora da função renal. A incidência de pré-eclâmpsia foi de 19,4%. Prematuridade ocorreu em 20% dos casos e restrição de crescimento fetal, em 19,4%. Nefrite lúpica determinou maior ocorrência de flare (p<0,05) e maior necessidade de antecipação do parto (p< 0,05). Conclusão: O presente estudo permitiu avaliar a inter-relação entre L... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune systemic disease that affects women of reproductive age, and the interrelation between disease and pregnancy determines important maternal and perinatal outcomes. Objectives: To describe maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies of patients with SLE and to evaluate the impact of lupus nephritis on the results found. Methods: Descriptive observational study developed to assess the interrelation between pregnancy and systemic lupus erythematosus in patients attended at the Maternity of the Clinics Hospital from Botucatu Medical School – HCFMB. The study period corresponded to January 2010 until August 2019. Results: Thirty-eight pregnancies were evaluated in 31 patients with SLE. Their average age was 27.4 + 6.0 years. The average gestational age at birth was 36 + 3 weeks. The main clinical complications observed were anemia (39.4%), lupus nephritis (29%) and chronic hypertension (10.5%). In 51,4% of the patients, it was necessary to anticipate delivery and in 13.1%, there was worsening of the renal function. Prematurity occurred in 20% of cases and FGR in 19,4%. Hydroxicloroquine was used in 47,4% of the pregnancies. Lupus nephritis determined a higher occurrence of flare (p<0.05) and a greater need to anticipate delivery (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study made it possible to relate the main clinical characteristics and the maternal and perinatal outcomes from the pregnant women with SLE treated at the prena... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Machado, Rita de Cássia Alam. "Gestação gemelar monocoriônica e diamniótica com restrição de crescimento fetal seletiva e não seletiva: morbidade e mortalidade perinatais em relação aos padrões de dopplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-12062013-120431/.
Full textMonochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies have and increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and perinatal complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal morbidity and mortality in MCDA twin pregnancies: in the presence of IUGR with normal and abnormal umbilical artery dopplervelocimetry; in different umbilical artery flow patterns (normal dopplervelocimetry, increased pulsatility index, intermittent flow pattern, absent end diastolic flow and reversed end diastolic flow) and in the presence of selective and non-selective IUGR. This was a retrospective study in the Multiple Pregnancy Unit at the Obstetric Clinic of HCFMUSP, between 2004 and 2011. The study included 48 twin pregnancies, where 60 fetuses weighted less than the 10th percentile according to twins charts. Cases with fetal malformation (n=36) or twin to twin transfusion syndrome (n=43) were not included in the study. The group with IUGR and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler presented lower mean gestational age at delivery (33.39 versus 35.48, p <0.001), lower mean birthweight (1137.12 g versus 1675.77 g, p < 0.001), higher need of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU, 69.23% versus 19.23%, p = 0.0003), higher frequency of respiratory disease (73.08 versus 34.62, p = 0.005) and higher incidence of intrauterine and neonatal death (p = 0.025). In the different umbilical artery flow patterns (normal dopplervelocimetry, increased pulsatility index, intermittent flow pattern, absent end diastolic flow and reversed end diastolic flow) the group differ in relation to gestational age at delivery (35.48; 34.22; 33.33; 33.15 and 32.45 weeks; p < 0.001), need of NICU (19.23; 50.00; 50.00; 85.71 and 100,00%; p < 0.001) and alive at hospital discharge (96.15; 100,00; 83.33; 71.43 and 25,00%; p < 0.001). The group with reversed and diastolic flow presented the worse perinatal outcome. In the selective and non-selective IUGR groups, no difference was observed in relation to gestational age at delivery (33.4 versus 33.4 weeks, p = 0.953), however there was higher need for orotracheal intubation (62.5% versus 32.3%, p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (75.0% versus 41.2%, p = 0.0006) in the selective IUGR group. Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler such as increased pulsatility index, intermittent blood flow, absent and reversed flow were more frequent in the selective IUGR group (p = 0.005). As conclusion, the study demonstrated higher perinatal morbidity and mortality in the IUGR group with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler with significant difference in relation to Doppler patterns and the worse outcome was related to reversed diastolic flow pattern. The selective IUGR group presents higher frequency of abnormal umbilical artery dopplervelocimetry and neonatal morbidity compared to non- selective IUGR group
Custódio, Augusto Henrique 1983. "Estudo da denervação renal bilateral e da imunorreatividade para substância P (SP), CGRP e receptor 1 para neurocinina (NK1R) no gânglio da raiz dorsal e parede pélvica renal na prole de ratas submetidas a restrição proteica gestacional." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312740.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A programação fetal é um processo fisiológico que assegura, durante o desenvolvimento intrauterino, a adaptação para o mundo exterior. Ou seja, o organismo é "moldável" por estímulos durante sua formação e dependendo do insulto experimentado, existe a possibilidade de mudanças estruturais e funcionais que podem predispor o indivíduo a doenças na vida adulta. O modelo de restrição proteica, assim como outros modelos, leva a um "stress" gestacional e, segundo a hipótese de Barker, programa a prole ao desenvolvimento de doenças na vida adulta, dentre elas a hipertensão arterial. Os rins são órgãos fundamentais na manutenção do equilíbrio hemodinâmico. Mudanças morfológicas e neuroendócrinas nos rins levam a alterações hidroeletrolíticas frequentemente associadas à patogênese da hipertensão arterial. A gênese desta doença ainda não está bem descrita, por envolver alterações multifatoriais, dentre elas, modificações da atividade neural tanto central quanto periférica, que podem ser um indicativo da elevação pressórica em nosso modelo. A atividade simpática renal é um importante modulador da excreção dos eletrólitos e, quando alterada, promove maior ou menor retenção de sais, principalmente o sódio, podendo contribuir para a elevação da volemia e consequentemente da hipertensão arterial. Diversos neuropeptídeos estão envolvidos na atividade simpática renal e os níveis destes são um importante marcador na gênese da hipertensão. Dentre esses peptídeos estão a Substância P (SP), seu receptor NK1R e o Peptídeo Relacionado ao Gene da Calcitonina (CGRP). Nossos resultados mostraram redução na imunorreatividade de SP, CGRP e aumento do receptor 1 para neurocinina nos gânglios da raiz dorsal da prole de ratas submetidas à restrição proteica gestacional. Identificamos também a elevação dos níveis de CGRP na parede pélvica renal. Assim, acreditamos que haja alterações na neuromodulação da atividade aferente renal, o que pode ser um fator contribuinte para a manutenção do estado hipertensivo neste modelo experimental
Abstract: A fetal programming is a physiologic process that ensures an adaptation for external world during the intra uterine development. In this period, the organism is "moldable" by stimulus that happens during its formation, which ensures adequate phenotypes formation for different environments. Kidneys are the most important organs when it has to do with maintaining the organism hemodynamic balance and also morphological and neuroendocrine alterations, which leads to fluid and eletrolytes changes, frequently associated to arterial hypertension pathogenesis. The genesis of this disease is not well described yet. It involves multifactorial changes like the neural activity in both central as peripheral, which, in our model, may be an indicative of increased pressure. The renal sympathetic activity is an important excretion modulator of electrolytes and when amended, promotes greater or lesser retention of salts, mainly sodium, contributing to the increase in blood volume and consequently hypertension. Several neuropeptides are involved in renal sympathetic activity, and these levels are an important marker in the genesis of hypertension. Among these peptides we find substance P (SP) and its receptor NK1R, and Related Peptide Calcitonin Gene (CGRP). Our research showed reduced immunoreactivity of SP, CGRP and increased neurokinin 1 receptor in dorsal root ganglia among the offspring of rats subjected to gestational protein restriction. According to this result, we believe that there are changes in afferent renal activity neuromodulation which may be a contributing factor for maintenance of hypertension in this experimental model
Mestrado
Medicina Experimental
Mestre em Ciências
Garavazzo, Sckarlet Ernandes Biancolin. "Resultados perinatais de fetos gemelares com discordância de peso e dopplervelocimetria da arteria umbilical com fluxo diastólico presente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-28032018-112410/.
Full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the perinatal outcome between fetal weight discordance (FwD) with fetal weight concordant (FwC) twins, with umbilical artery (UA) Doppler with positive end-diastolic flow, according to chorionicity. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study of twin pregnancy over an 11-year period in a tertiary referral center. For each FwD, it was selected 2 controls of FwC matched for gestational age at delivery and chorionicity. The inclusion criteria were: estimated fetal weight (EFW) discordance >= 20%, UA Doppler with positive end-diastolic flow, absence of fetal malformation or chromosomal abnormalities, known chorionicity, diamniotic pregnancies, both fetuses alive at the first assessment, absence of monochorionic (MC) complications, delivery in our institution. The perinatal outcomes considered were: birth weigh (BW), length of hospital stay (LOS), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), length of NICU stay, need for ventilator support, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), hypoglycemia (Hp), jaundice (JD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NE), sepsis (SP), intrauterine and neonatal death. Perinatal outcome of the smaller and larger twin comparisons between FwD with FwC were analyzed according to chorionicity. In addition, perinatal outcome from smaller twin was compared between FwD with FwC with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR). RESULTS: A total of 14 pregnancies with FwD and 28 with FwC of MC twin and 38 pregnancies with FwD and 76 with FwC of dichorionic (DC) twin were selected. According to chorionicity, in MC FwD group, the smaller twin presented presented longer LOS (30.60 ± 20.19 vs 10.68 ± 11.64 days, P < 0.001), higher frequency of SP (21.4% vs 0%; P=0.032; OR=23.42) and JD (78.6% vs 28.6%; P=0.003; OR=9.17) compared to smaller FwC twin; whereas in DC FwD group, smaller twin presented higher frequency of SP (10.5% vs 1.3%; P=0.042; OR=8.82), Hp (15.8% vs 3.9%; P=0.003; OR=4.56), NE (5.3% vs 0%; P=0.044; RC=20.63) and JD (57.9% vs 28.9%, P=0.003; OR=3.38) compared to smaller FwC twin. FGR in the smaller MC twin was observed in 71.4% (n=10) and in the smaller DC twin, 55.3% (n=21). Twin pregnancies without FGR had similar frequency of neonatal morbidity in discordant and concordant groups, excepted for the lower BW in FwD DC twins (2167.35 vs 2339.68g, P=0.026). CONCLUSION: Regardless chorionicity, perinatal morbidity is increased in the smaller discordant twin with UA Doppler with positive end-diastolic flow, compared to concordant smaller twin. Probably the FGR is responsible to complicate the perinatal outcome of smaller discordant twin
Reis, Roberta Sena. "Efeito do consumo habitual de N-3 pufas sobre o comportamento alimentar e aspectos de sua regulação central em indivíduos com restrição de crescimento intrauterino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116785.
Full textIntroduction: In humans, fetal adversity associates with less healthy food choices in adulthood. It is known that poor fetal growth is associated with an increased preference for palatable foods and obesity risk. Docosahexaenoic fatty acids (DHA, polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 - n-3 PUFAs) modulate the functioning of the dopamine mesolimbic system, which is involved in this behavior. In rats, our group showed that neonatal stress interacts with a mild dietary deficiency in n-3 PUFAs and increases the risk for obesity and insulin resistance, preceded by hyperphagia during adolescence. Considering low birth weight as a marker of chronic metabolic stress exposure, we hypothesized that n-3 PUFAs consumption could interact with birth weight and affect feeding behavior. Objective: We investigated in two different studies if the habitual consumption of n-3 PUFAs interacts with fetal growth (IUGR) and affects feeding behavior and aspects of their central regulation in children and adolescents/young adults. Methods: In study 1, the sample included 75 children from the city of Montreal, Quebec, and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Participants were recruited from an established prospective birth cohort (MAVAN project). Fetal growth was based on the birth weight ratio (BWR, birth weight/sex-specific mean birth weight for each gestational age), and children were considered intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) if BWR<0.85. At 48-months of age, mothers completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire and at 72 months the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). A linear regression model (General Linear Model – GLM) was used to evaluate the correlation between IUGR and n-3 PUFAs consumption at 48 months and its effect on CEBQ scores at 6 years of age, considering statistically significant a p<0.05. The project was approved by the Research Ethical Board of the Douglas Mental Health Research Institute (n° 03/45). In study 2, the sample included 48 individuals from Porto Alegre, RS. Participants were recruited from a prospective communitarian cohort (PROTAIA project). Fetal growth was based on the BWR, and those in the lower tertile of the BWR distribution were considered IUGR. Serum DHA concentration (objective measure of n-3 PUFAs intake) was identified by gas chromatography. Participants filled out a Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). A General Linear Model (GLM) was used to evaluate the correlation between IUGR and serum DHA concentration and its effect on DEBQ scores, considering statistically significant a p<0.05. The Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analyzes in a task facing the visualization of palatable and non-palatable foods, as well as neutral objects had brain activation as the outcome, and the serum levels of DHA and BWR as continuous predictors, using a multiple regression (FWE corrected for multiple comparisons with p<0.05). The project was approved by the Research Ethical Board of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (n°12-0254). Results: In study 1, there were 40 girls and 35 boys. No differences were found on n-3 PUFAs consumption and other confounding variables between IUGR and non-IUGR individuals. However, the GLM model predicting food fussiness at 72 months showed a significant interaction between n-3 PUFAs and IUGR status (yes/no) [Wald= 8.516; df=1; p=0.004], with higher intakes being associated with decreased risk for food fussiness in IUGR children only. No effects were seen on the other domains of the CEBQ. In study 2, for most of the analyzes there were 31 girls and 16 boys. There were no differences in serum levels of DHA and other confounding variables between IUGR and non-IUGR individuals. However, the group with IUGR showed lower birth weight mean and BMI Z score when compared to the non-IUGR group (p<0.0001 and p=0.046, respectively). The GLM model predicting external eating showed a significant interaction between serum DHA concentration and IUGR status (yes/no) [Wald=5.845; df=1; p=0.016], with higher serum DHA concentration being associated with decreased external eating in the IUGR individuals. No effects were seen in the DEBQ domain emotional eating, while restrictive eating did not reached statistical significance [Wald=3.360; df=1; p=0.067]. In the fMRI, having as positive and negative predictors the serum DHA concentration and BWR respectively, in the contrast palatable foods>neutral objects we found an activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (p corrected=0.034). In this contrast, using only BWR as a negative predictor, the same area was activated (p corrected=0.028), and when considering as two negative predictors (serum DHA concentration and BWR), activation was found in the same brain region (p corrected=0.025). The fMRI results showed that BWR is a more important predictor determining activation of this brain region. In other words, the lower BWR (more IUGR), the more activation in this area involved in impulse control/decision making facing the visualization of palatable foods´ images. Conclusion: We suggest that IUGR modulates the brain activity facing stimuli related to palatable foods, activating an area related to impulse control (superior frontal gyrus). Moreover, higher intake of n-3 PUFAs can protect individuals with IUGR from inappropriate behaviors at different ages, decreasing food fussiness and the external eating in response to external food cues.
Tovar, Cristian Camilo Figueroa. "Efeitos da restrição de crescimento intrauterino por redução da pressão de perfusão uterina sobre parâmetros comportamentais, de neuroplasticidade e memória." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/122356.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is known as a condition where the fetus cannot develop its intrinsic growth potential. IUGR Children in early scholar age have impaired learning abilities, memory, attention and cognitive deficit in general; also, they are in higher risk of psychological disorders as Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) when compared with non-IUGR children. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to find neurobiologi-cal brain modifications, in adolescent Wistar rats, that could clarify these memory and behav-ioral impairments in a rat animal model of IUGR by Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP). METHODS: 75 days-old pregnant Wistar rats were underwent to RUPP procedure on 14th gestational day, period where the fast growing, differentiation and maturation phase begins in rats, by putting one clip at the abdominal descendent aorta before iliac bifurcation and one clip in each ovarian artery. The Sham group underwent exploratory laparotomy procedure without the RUPP and the control group was not exposed to any surgical procedure. 30 days old Wistar rats from RUPP, Sham, and Control mothers were exposed to the Open Field Test to assess the locomotor and exploratory activity and, at 32th postnatal day (PND), to the Novel Object Recognition test to assess the long-term memory. Offspring brains were collected at 34th PND and preserved for analysis. Immunohistochemistry technique was performed to measure the expression of neural cells markers: NeuN (mature neurons) and GFAP (astrocytes) in prefrontal cortex and striatum on the offspring. RESULTS: RUPP caused a decreased birth weight in IUGR and Sham group, however there was no difference between birth weight at 30th PND. RUPP significantly increased gestation in 1 day in IUGR rats. IUGR animals had greater exploratory, locomotor activity in the Open Field test. IUGR and Sham showed memory deficit in the Novel Object Recognition test. Associated to those behavioral modifications, the RUPP leaded to a significant increase in expression of NeuN and GFAP marker in prefrontal cortex and striatum at PND34. CONCLUSIONS: The RUPP dis-turbs pregnancy increasing gestation length and inducing IUGR in the offspring; which leads to behavioral and memory modifications, also, in a brain cellular level, promoting new insight about the IUGR-RUPP rat model consequences. Further analysis are needed to find whether this changes are still present in adult life.
Yamada, Renato Takeshi. "Evolução hematológica e do conteúdo de ferro em recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo tardios, com e sem crescimento intrauterino restrito, durante os primeiros dois meses de vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-09082012-150354/.
Full textSiqueira, Flavia Ramos de. "Restrição no consumo de sódio durante a gestação é responsável pelo baixo peso ao nascimento e pela resistência à insulina da prole na idade adulta: estudo do mecanismo epigenético por metilação do DNA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-13082014-142638/.
Full textIt is known that some maternal nutritional alterations during pregnancy are associated with metabolic disorders in adult offspring, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and arterial hypertension. The period of pregnancy in which these nutritional alterations influence adult offspring remains uncertain. Epigenetic changes are proposed to underlie these metabolic disorders. Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were fed a low-salt (LS - 0.15% NaCl) or normal-salt (NS - 1.3% NaCl) diet since the first day of gestation until delivery or LS during the first (LS10) or second (LS20) half of gestation. Body weight, food and water intake were weekly evaluated during gestation. Blood glucose, insulin (ITT) and glucose (GTT) tolerance tests, HOMA-IR were performed in adult offspring. Gene expression and DNA methylation were mapped using bisulfite treatment evaluated by pyrosequencing in the male and female neonates and adult offspring. Weight gain was lower in LS and LS20 dams than in NS and LS10 dams in the third week of pregnancy. Birth weights were lower in male and female LS20 and LS rats compared with NS and LS10 neonates. HOMA-IR was higher in 12-week-old LS males compared with NS and in 20-week-old male LS10 rats compared with NS and LS20 rats. In 12-week-old LS10 females, HOMA-IR was higher than in LS. Serum insulin levels were higher in 20 week-old LS10 male compared with NS rats and in 12-week-old LS10 female compared to LS rats. The area under the curve of GTT indicated glucose intolerance in 12- and 20-week-old LS male. Methylation of CpG islands of the Insr, Igf1, Igf1r, Ins1 and Ins2 genes in liver in neonates male and female offspring and liver, white adipose tissue and muscle in 20-week-old male offspring were influenced by low-salt intake during pregnancy. None of these alterations was identified in 20-week-old females. In conclusion, low-salt diet consumption in the second half of pregnancy can result in low birth weights in the males and females offspring. Glucose intolerance observed in adult offspring occurred only if low salt intake was given throughout pregnancy. However, insulin resistance in response to low salt intake during pregnancy is related to the time at which this insult occurs and to the age of the offspring. Alterations in the DNA methylation of Igf1 were observed to be correlated with low birth weight in response to low salt feeding during pregnancy
Melo, Adriana Suely de Oliveira. "FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO CRESCIMENTO FETAL INADEQUADO." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2000. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2147.
Full textA presente dissertação cumpre as exigências do Programa de Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB) e é resultante do acompanhamento de uma coorte de 115 gestantes atendidas por equipes urbanas do Programa de Saúde da Família do município de Campina Grande, PB. A dissertação está organizada nos seguintes tópicos: Introdução, Objetivos, Métodos, Resultados e Conclusão. Os resultados estão escritos em forma de dois artigos para serem apresentados às revistas da área. O primeiro artigo, intitulado estado nutricional materno, ganho de peso gestacional e peso ao nascer, consiste no estudo descritivo da coorte pesquisada. Já o segundo, resulta do estudo analítico da referida coorte e recebe o seguinte título: Determinantes do crescimento fetal e peso ao nascer em gestantes acompanhadas pelo programa de saúde da família.
Ferreira, Simone Vilela. "Restrição comercial ao crescimento economico no Brasil (1980-2000)." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285586.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como tema principal a abordagem da balança comercial como restrição ao crescimento econômico do país. Todos sabemos que a economia brasileira é de dificil inserção no mercado internacional, mas poucos sabem que temos um potencial enorme de capacidade de substituição de importação. Nos idos da década de 80, tínhamos um enorme superávit comercial, mas a economia continuava mesmo caminhando a passos pequenos, isso quer dizer, continuava a crescer pouco. Pouco significa de 3% a 4% do PRODUTO INTERNO BRUTO (PID). Para produzir superávits absolutamente sem precedente na balança comercial, o Brasil pagou um preço extremamente elevado, sob a forma de recessão, fortes pressões adicionais sobre a taxa de inflação, aumento do desemprego, redução dos salários e retração dos investimentos. A capacidade de gerar saldos comerciais indica, sem dúvida que a dimensão cambial do problema da transferência teria sido equacionada. Mas ainda na década de 80, questionava-se a durabilidade dos resultados comerciais e alguns economistas alertavam para a vulnerabilidade das contas externas brasileiras a uma situação internacional marcada por profunda instabilidade e incerteza. Os anos 90 chegaram cheios de mudanças, houve a abertura comercial, a valorização do real e então começamos a crescer a taxas mais consideráveis, em torno de 6%. Por outro lado, atingimos déficits na balança comercial insustentáveis. Este trabalho busca avaliar a evolução desses índices que permeiam o quanto o Brasil pode crescer sem incorrer em risco da tão famosa vulnerabilidade externa. É fato que não conseguimos crescer mais a índices tão grandes como na década de 70, contudo nosso potencial de crescimento é maior do que no início da década de 90. Certamente, se houvesse um crescimento da ordem de 10% nas exportações, o Brasil poderia apresentar taxa de crescimento do PID em torno de 7%. É fato que o Brasil ganhou mais liberdade com o processo de estabilização econômica deflagrado pelo Plano Real em meados de 1994, mas também é fato que esse processo custou um aumento da dívida equivalente a US$ 200 bilhões e continua dependente de capital externo. É exatamente assim que os investidores observam o país: em progresso, mas dependente do exterior, apesar da forte desvalorização de 1999
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
Cyrino, Maria Lucia Mazzariol. "Restrição do crescimento intra-uterino : identificação e fatores de risco." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308330.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Foi realizado um estudo transversal das crianças nascidas no Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro-PUCCAMP, São Paulo, durante o período de 20 de janeiro de 1999 a 19 de janeiro de 2000, com o objetivo de avaliar as características antropométricas dos recém-nascidos, de acordo com diversas classificações. Também, foram estudados os fatores de risco para restrição do crescimento intra-uterino (RClU). Verificou-se a idade gestacional do recém-nascido, seu peso ao nascer, a relação entre o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional, a proporcionalidade corpórea, ocorrência de RCIU e sua gravidade. As variáveis consideradas de risco para RCIU foram: escolaridade materna, estado civil, renda por pessoa, idade materna, cor da mãe, número de gestações, paridade, abortos espontâneos, filhos anteriores mortos, natimortos, filhos anteriores com baixo peso ou com peso insuficiente, intervalo entre nascimentos e entre gestações, doença hipertensiva específicada gestação, assistência pré-natal e hábito de fumar. A população estudada caracteriza-se por nível socioeconômico baixo, em sua maioria previdenciárias e procedentes do próprio município de Campinas. A fteqüência de mães adolescentes é elevada, 25,8%. As mães com 35 anos ou mais têm fteqüência menor, 6,7%, porém apresentam condições socioeconômicas e gestacionais piores quando comparadas ao restante da população. As mães não brancas mostram desvantagens sociais e gestacionais em relação às brancas. A prevalência de recém-nascidos com baixo peso ao nascer é de 10,3%, tendo a maioria deles, 76,7%, RCIU. A prevalência de recém-nascidos com peso insuficiente é de 27,7%, sendo 21,7% com RCIU. A fteqüência de neonatos prétermo é de 5,3%, identificando-se fteqüência maior de crianças com RClU neste grupo (41,6%) do que entre os recém-nascidos maduros (12,4%). A maioria dos recém-nascidos pré-termo softeram restrição grave. Contudo, na população neonatal estudada o resultado gestacional desfavorável de maior prevalência é a RCIU entre os recém-nascidos a termo (11,7%). o diagnóstico de RCIU identificou maior número de recém-nascidos com esta condição do que a classificação do peso ao nascer para a idade gestacional identificou recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional ( PlG ). Das crianças PlG, 93,0% são simétricas. São fatores de risco para RClU em crianças a termo: situação conjugal não unida (OR=1,37), filho anterior com baixo peso (OR=1,71), doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (OR=1,85) e hábito de :fumar(OR=2,37). Todos apresentam maiores efeitos na restrição grave, sendo que o fator etiológico de mais impacto é o hábito de fumar, com risco atribuível de 23,6%
Abstract: A cross-sectional study of the children bom at Hospital and Maternity Celso Pierro-PUCCAMP, São Paulo, from January the 20th, 1999 to January the 19th,2000, was accomplished, with the objective of evaluating the newbom anthropometric characteristics according to several classifications. The risk factors for restriction of the intrauterine growth (IUGR) were also studied. The variable evaluated were: gestational age of the newborn, birth weight, the relation between birth weight and gestational age, body proportionality and, finally, occurence and severity of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The risk variable considered for IUGR were: maternal education, marital status, per capita income, maternal age, maternal race, number ofpregnancies, parity, spontaneous abortion, prior dead infants, stillbirth, prior low birth weight infants, prior insufficient birth weight infants, birth and pregnancy intervals, pregnancy-induced hypertension, prenatal care and habit of smoking cigarettes. The studied population was of a low socioeconomicallevel, most of the women have public insurance and are local inhabitants. The frequency of adolescent mothers is high, 25,8%. The frequency ofmothers aging 35 or more and higher is lower (6,7%), but their socioeconomical and gestational situation are worse than observed in the total population. Nonwhite mothers show social and gestational disadvantages when compared to white mothers. The prevalence oflow birth weight newborns is 10,3%, and most ofthem (76,7%) has IUGR. The prevalence of insufficient birth weight newborns is 27,7%, and 21,7% has IUGR. The frequency of premature newborns is 5,3% and the frequency of infants with IUGR is higher in this group (41,6%) than in the group of term newborns (12,4%). Most ofthe premature newborns have severe restriction in growth. In spite ofthis fact, the most prevalent disadvantageous result, in the newbom population studied, is the IUGR among term newborns (11,7%). The number of newborns with IUGR was higher than the number of small for gestational age newborns (SGA). Consideringall the SGA infants, 93,0% are symmetric. The risk factors for rnGR among tenn newborns are: non-stable maritus status (OR=1,37), prior low birth weight infants (OR=1,71), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR=1,85) and the habit of smoking cigarettes (OR=2,37). All these factors have a larger effects on the severe restriction of intrauterine growth, but the most relevant etiological factor is the habit ofsmoking, with an attributable risk of23,6%
Mestrado
Mestre em Pediatria
Trajano, Jaqueline da Silva. "Avaliação da restrição alimentar em bovinos da raça Sindi em crescimento." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8036.
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This study aimed to determine the different levels of feed restriction effect on performance, carcass, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in Red Sindhi cattle breed. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa, with 32 unneutered male bulls divided into four feed restriction levels (0, 15, 30 and 45%) in a completely randomized design. The dry matter intake reduction, promoted by increased restriction resulted in a decrease in the consumption of nutrients affecting the performance and some quantitative carcass traits except yield percentage (hot and cold) and loin eye area. Happened a linear decrease (P <0,05) in weight of retail cuts, however, was not observed (P> 0,05) change in the proportions of them in relation to the half carcass weight. Significant quadratic effect of restriction level on body weight end (WCF), empty body weight (EBW), total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG), gain of empty body weight (EBW) and efficiency feed (EA), from 0.5 to 7.0% restriction. Happened a linear increase (P <0,05) in the muscle proportion and linear decrease (P <0,05) in the proportion of carcass fat, with increasing level of restriction. The restriction promoted a reduction in nitrogen excretion to the environment, and increase efficiency in the use of recycled nitrogen by animals. Moderate restriction levels can be applied on the male Sindi termination without compromising performance, generating a 41% difference in the profit margin, compared to the level of 15% restriction to the group fed ad libitum.
Objetivou-se determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de restrição alimentar sobre o desempenho, carcaça, balanço de nitrogênio e síntese microbiana. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, com 32 machos não castrados distribuídos em quatro níveis de restrição alimentar (0, 15, 30 e 45%), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A redução no consumo de matéria seca, promovida pelo aumento da restrição, resultou na diminuição no consumo de nutrientes afetando o desempenho e as algumas características quantitativas da carcaça, exceto o rendimento de carcaça (quente e fria) e a área de olho de lombo. Houve redução linear (P<0,05) no peso dos cortes comerciais, porém, não se observou (P>0,05) alteração nas proporções dos mesmos em relação ao peso da meia carcaça. Houve efeito quadrático do nível de restrição sobre o peso corporal final (PCF), peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ), ganho de peso total (GPT), ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho de peso de corpo vazio (GPCVZ) e eficiência alimentar (EA), entre 0,5 e 7,0% de restrição. Observou-se aumento linear (P<0,05) na proporção de músculo e redução linear (P<0,05) na proporção de gordura da carcaça, com o aumento do nível de restrição. A restrição promoveu redução na excreção de nitrogênio para o ambiente, além de aumentar a eficiência na utilização do nitrogênio reciclado pelos animais. Níveis moderados de restrição podem ser aplicados na terminação de machos Sindi, sem comprometer o desempenho, gerando diferença de 41% na margem de lucro, comparando-se o nível de 15% de restrição com o grupo alimentado à vontade.
Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira. "Efeito da restrição hídrica sobre o crescimento de clones de eucalipto." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1214.
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O estabelecimento e o crescimento inicial de espécies florestais no campo são fortemente afetados pela disponibilidade de água no solo e pela época de plantio, por isso, o presente trabalho estuda o impacto do déficit hídrico no crescimento de mudas de dois clones do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, ambos submetidos a 4 níveis de déficit hídrico, em duas épocas de plantio. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental do Núcleo de Estudos e Difusão de Tecnologia em Florestas, Recursos Hídricos e Agricultura Sustentável (NEDTEC), do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), localizado no município de Jerônimo Monteiro. O trabalho foi realizado em duas épocas distintas, sendo a primeira no período de 09 de fevereiro a 09 de junho de 2009 e a segunda no período de 11 de julho a 07 de novembro de 2009, visando à realização das observações em diferentes condições de regime de radiação, déficit de pressão do vapor do ar, temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas 2 x 4, alocando-se os 4 níveis de déficits hídricos na parcela principal e as 2 épocas nas subparcelas, com três repetições. Os manejos hídricos aplicados foram: Déficit 0 (D0) sem déficit, Déficit 1(D1) corte da irrigação aos 30 dias de experimentação, permanecendo até o final do experimento, Déficit 2 (D2) corte da irrigação aos 30 dias de experimentação, suspensão da irrigação por 60 dias e posterior retomada da irrigação por mais 30 dias; Déficit 3 (D3) corte da irrigação aos 60 dias de experimentação, prolongando até o final do experimento. Os dados experimentais foram submetidos à análise de variância, e quando significativas, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de média Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, para cada clone estudado. Com este trabalho, foi possível avaliar o impacto de diferentes déficits hídricos, no crescimento inicial das plantas, em duas épocas do ano e avaliar o incremento no desenvolvimento das plantas durante a aplicação dos tratamentos, com retiradas de amostras médias de cada tratamento a cada 30 dias. As variáveis medidas nos dois experimentos foram altura total da planta, diâmetro ao nível do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca de folhas, matéria seca de haste e ramos, matéria seca de raízes e matéria seca total. Foram avaliadas as variáveis climáticas durante todo o período experimental, nas duas épocas, a fim de determinar a condição do clima em cada época. Para os dois clones estudados, em geral, os déficits hídricos promoveram a redução das variáveis morfológicas estudadas e a época experimental foi o fator que mais influenciou a redução do crescimento das plantas. Sendo que a Época 1 foi a que proporcionou resultados superiores, e a Época 2 foi a que prejudicou mais o desenvolvimento das plantas, reduzindo significativamente todas as variáveis morfológicas em todos os déficits hídricos, inclusive o D0.
The establishment and early field grown of forest tree species are strongly affected by the availability of soil water and planting season. The aim of this work was to study the impact of soil water stress on growth of young plants of two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, both subjected to 4 levels of water deficit at two planting dates. The study was conducted in the Experimental Field Station of the Center for Research and Dissemination of Technology in Forestry, Water Resources and Sustainable Agriculture (NEDTEC), the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), located in Jerônimo Monteiro, Espirito Santo State. The study was conducted in two seasons, the first being the period from February 9 to June 9, 2009 and the second from July 11 to November 7, 2009. In both seasons, meteorological data were measured including global and photosynthetic ative radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed. The experimental design was a random split plot 2 x 4, allocating the 4 levels of water deficits in the main plots and subplots 2 times, with three replications. The water management strategies were applied: Deficit 0 (D0) no deficit, Deficit 1 (D1) cut irrigation at 30 days of experiment, remaining dry until the end of the experiment, Deficit 2 (D2) cut irrigation at 30 days of experiment, suspension irrigation for 60 days and subsequent restart of irrigation for 30 days; Deficit 3 (D3) cut irrigation at 60 days of experiment, continuing until the end of the experiment. The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant, the means were compared using the Tukey average at 5% probability for each clone. With this study was possible to assess the impact of different levels of soil water deficit in the initial growth of plants in two seasons and assess the increase in plant dry biomass alocation during treatment application with samples taken from averages of each deficit every 30 days. The variables measured in both experiments were: total plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem and branches dry weight , root dry mass and total plant dry weight. Climatic variables were evaluated throughout the experimental period, the two periods to determine the weather conditions in each season. For the two clones in general, water deficits promoted the reduction of the morphological variables studied and the experimental time was the factor that most influenced the reduction of plant growth. The season 1 was the one that provided superior results, and season 2 was the most adversely affected plant growth significantly reducing all morphological deficits in all water, including the D0.
Campos, Renato Silverio. "Crescimento econômico, câmbio real, restrição externa e endogeneidade das elasticidades renda." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AMSA-9FRLP4.
Full textConsiderando a notável relevância dos modelos de crescimento com restrição externa, especialmente o caso particular da Lei de Thirlwall, que define o crescimento sustentável de determinado país sendo determinado por uma equação que equilibra o balanço de pagamentos, esse trabalho se dedicou a investigar as hipóteses de relevância do câmbio real e de endogeneidade das elasticidades renda para esse tipo de modelo. Os esforços foram no sentido de produzir algo que permita avançar no debate sobre a importância do câmbio real para o crescimento econômico, além da possibilidade de as elasticidades renda serem endógenas. A hipótese básica é que a manutenção de um nível de câmbio real competitivo pode gerar efeitos que transcendem o ajuste da demanda agregada no curto prazo, alterando as elasticidades de forma a modificar a relação de longo prazo entre a taxa de crescimento do produto interno e a taxa de crescimento da economia mundial. Por um lado, as motivações desse trabalho surgiram de uma nova literatura de câmbio real e crescimento econômico, notadamente os autores da falácia da composição (entre eles, Blecker e Razmi, 2010; Razmi, 2007; Razin e Collins, 1997) e os autores que encontraram evidências empíricas da relação entre câmbio real e crescimento econômico, entre estes, Rodrik (2007), Eichengreen (2007), Gala (2008), Sampaio e Gala (2008), Silveira (2011), entre outros. Por outro lado, ressurge o debate sobre a endogeneidade das elasticidades renda no modelo de Thirlwall, com destaque para os trabalhos de Ferrari, Freitas e Barbosa-Filho (2010) e Missio e Jayme Jr. (2012). Dessa forma, os objetivos desse trabalho foram investigar tanto da importância do câmbio real para modelos à la Thirlwall quanto da endogeneidade da razão entre as elasticidades renda. Esse trabalho encontra evidências de que a razão das elasticidades é, de fato, exógena, e que o nível do câmbio real é capaz de influenciar o crescimento econômico apenas por meio da determinação da razão das elasticidades, ou seja, o câmbio real é importante para melhorar a competitividade não preço, mas não é significante para determinar o comércio via competição preço.
Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira. "Efeito da restrição hídrica sobre o crescimento de clones de eucalipto." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6625.
Full textThe establishment and early field grown of forest tree species are strongly affected by the availability of soil water and planting season. The aim of this work was to study the impact of soil water stress on growth of young plants of two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, both subjected to 4 levels of water deficit at two planting dates. The study was conducted in the Experimental Field Station of the Center for Research and Dissemination of Technology in Forestry, Water Resources and Sustainable Agriculture (NEDTEC), the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), located in Jerônimo Monteiro, Espirito Santo State. The study was conducted in two seasons, the first being the period from February 9 to June 9, 2009 and the second from July 11 to November 7, 2009. In both seasons, meteorological data were measured including global and photosynthetic ative radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed. The experimental design was a random split plot 2 x 4, allocating the 4 levels of water deficits in the main plots and subplots 2 times, with three replications. The water management strategies were applied: Deficit 0 (D0) no deficit, Deficit 1 (D1) cut irrigation at 30 days of experiment, remaining dry until the end of the experiment, Deficit 2 (D2) cut irrigation at 30 days of experiment, suspension irrigation for 60 days and subsequent restart of irrigation for 30 days; Deficit 3 (D3) cut irrigation at 60 days of experiment, continuing until the end of the experiment. The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant, the means were compared using the Tukey average at 5% probability for each clone. With this study was possible to assess the impact of different levels of soil water deficit in the initial growth of plants in two seasons and assess the increase in plant dry biomass alocation during treatment application with samples taken from averages of each deficit every 30 days. The variables measured in both experiments were: total plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem and branches dry weight , root dry mass and total plant dry weight. Climatic variables were evaluated throughout the experimental period, the two periods to determine the weather conditions in each season. For the two clones in general, water deficits promoted the reduction of the morphological variables studied and the experimental time was the factor that most influenced the reduction of plant growth. The season 1 was the one that provided superior results, and season 2 was the most adversely affected plant growth significantly reducing all morphological deficits in all water, including the D0
O estabelecimento e o crescimento inicial de espécies florestais no campo são fortemente afetados pela disponibilidade de água no solo e pela época de plantio, por isso, o presente trabalho estuda o impacto do déficit hídrico no crescimento de mudas de dois clones do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, ambos submetidos a 4 níveis de déficit hídrico, em duas épocas de plantio. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental do Núcleo de Estudos e Difusão de Tecnologia em Florestas, Recursos Hídricos e Agricultura Sustentável (NEDTEC), do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), localizado no município de Jerônimo Monteiro. O trabalho foi realizado em duas épocas distintas, sendo a primeira no período de 09 de fevereiro a 09 de junho de 2009 e a segunda no período de 11 de julho a 07 de novembro de 2009, visando à realização das observações em diferentes condições de regime de radiação, déficit de pressão do vapor do ar, temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas 2 x 4, alocando-se os 4 níveis de déficits hídricos na parcela principal e as 2 épocas nas subparcelas, com três repetições. Os manejos hídricos aplicados foram: Déficit 0 (D0) sem déficit, Déficit 1(D1) corte da irrigação aos 30 dias de experimentação, permanecendo até o final do experimento, Déficit 2 (D2) corte da irrigação aos 30 dias de experimentação, suspensão da irrigação por 60 dias e posterior retomada da irrigação por mais 30 dias; Déficit 3 (D3) corte da irrigação aos 60 dias de experimentação, prolongando até o final do experimento. Os dados experimentais foram submetidos à análise de variância, e quando significativas, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de média Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, para cada clone estudado. Com este trabalho, foi possível avaliar o impacto de diferentes déficits hídricos, no crescimento inicial das plantas, em duas épocas do ano e avaliar o incremento no desenvolvimento das plantas durante a aplicação dos tratamentos, com retiradas de amostras médias de cada tratamento a cada 30 dias. As variáveis medidas nos dois experimentos foram altura total da planta, diâmetro ao nível do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca de folhas, matéria seca de haste e ramos, matéria seca de raízes e matéria seca total. Foram avaliadas as variáveis climáticas durante todo o período experimental, nas duas épocas, a fim de determinar a condição do clima em cada época. Para os dois clones estudados, em geral, os déficits hídricos promoveram a redução das variáveis morfológicas estudadas e a época experimental foi o fator que mais influenciou a redução do crescimento das plantas. Sendo que a Época 1 foi a que proporcionou resultados superiores, e a Época 2 foi a que prejudicou mais o desenvolvimento das plantas, reduzindo significativamente todas as variáveis morfológicas em todos os déficits hídricos, inclusive o D0
Freitas, Selma de Bastos Zambelli. "Programação fetal por restrição proteica avaliação estrutural da próstata ventral de ratos wistar /." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192939.
Full textResumo: A programação fetal (PF) é o resultado permanente do organismo na presença de estímulos ocorridos durante os períodos críticos de desenvolvimento. Vários fatores ambientais podem levar à PF. Entre eles, podemos citar a restrição alimentar materna ou a deficiência específica de nutrientes. De acordo com a janela de programação fetal masculinizante (MPW), os andrógenos agem para assegurar o desenvolvimento normal dos órgãos reprodutores do macho, assim, foram estudados os efeitos da restrição proteica materna durante a gestação e lactação sobre o desenvolvimento da próstata ventral de ratos Wistar. Para isto, dois grupos de ratas gestantes foram alimentadas com dietas isocalóricas, sendo um grupo normoproteico (NP) e o outro grupo hipoproteico (RP). Os grupos NP e RP tiveram livre acesso à dieta durante os períodos de gestação e lactação. Após o desmame, metade da prole de machos foi eutanasiada. A outra metade da prole de machos recebeu dieta padrão de animais de laboratório até os 120 dias de idade. A próstata ventral foi estudada por imuno-histoquímica para a avaliação da localização do antígeno de proliferação celular (PCNA), da proteína p63, dos receptores de andrógeno (AR), de estrógeno alfa (ER-α), de grelina (GHSR-1a), de leptina (Ob -R). Os pesos corpóreo, da próstata ventral, dos testículos e do tecido adiposo e os níveis de testosterona e estradiol foram obtidos. A PF determinou atraso no crescimento somático dos animais do grupo RP e diminuição do estradiol plasmáti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Fetal programming (FP) is the permanent result of the organism in the presence of stimuli during the periods of development. Several environmental factors can lead to FP. Among them, we can mention the maternal food restriction or deficiency of specific nutrients. According to the masculinization programming window (MPW) in which androgens act to ensure normal development of the male reproductive organs, we studied the effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation period on the development of the Wistar rat ventral prostate. Dams of the group (NP) were fed diet containing 17% protein; Dams of the group (RP) were fed diet containing 8% protein. The NP and RP groups had free access to diet during pregnancy and lactation period. After weaning, half of the male pups was killed. The other half of male pups received a standard laboratory diet until 120 days old. The ventral prostate was studied immunohistochemically to evaluate the expression of cell proliferation antigen (PCNA), p63 protein, androgen (AR), alpha estrogen (ER-α), ghrelin (GHSR-1a), leptin (Ob -R) receptors. The body, ventral prostate, testes and adipose tissue weights, testosterone and estradiol levels were determined. FP determined a delay somatic growth of the RP group and decrease of the plasmatic estradiol of the adult animals of the RP group. At 21 days of age, the RP group presented less intense immunostaining for ER-α, GHSR-1a, and Ob-R when compared to the NP group. At 120 days, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Santos, Fabricio Marques. "Crescimento sob restrição externa: uma análise utilizando técnicas de dinâmica de sistemas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-04062008-100703/.
Full textThe matter to be treated in this work is the relationship between economic growth and foreign restriction. The objective is to build a macroeconomic simulation model to serve as a tool for analysis, though modest,of the relationship between the components of Aggregate Demand and the variables of the Balance of Payments of the Brazilian economy in the period 1947-2006. The model is based on the Principle of Effective Demand, formalized initially by Keynes and Kalecki, through which Thirlwall (1979) derived a general result of how the restriction of the Balance of Payments limits growth of an economy in the long run. The Theory of System Dynamics forms the methodological basis for addressing this theme. This is a theory of modeling and simulation of complex systems, and its use will allow to treat the variables to be examined in an integrated way. At the end of the work it will be presented some simulations with the goal of identifying the impact of alternative scenarios (with change of parameters and initial conditions) on the growth rate of the economy in the period 1947-2006.
Honorio, Ana Beatriz Marques. "Crescimento de mudas de Dipteryx alata Vogel. em função da restrição radicular." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/1018.
Full textThe Cerrado is the second largest biome in the country, occupying about 23% of the national territory, being surpassed in area only by the Amazon. It has a vegetation with several phytophysiognomies, having the richest flora among the savannas of the world, the fruit of the Cerrado are species of diverse genera and families, producing fruits of interest for food "in natura" as for industrialization as well as sources of food for the animals, the arboreal species Dipteryx alata Vog. in spite of its irregularity in fruit production, it has high productivity, ease in transport and storage of fruits and product quality, as well. The present work had the objective of evaluating growth traits and physiological parameters of Dipteryx alata Vog. in different sizes of containers under nursery conditions in the South of the state of Tocantins diversified ages after transplanting. Under nursery conditions baru seeds were planted in sand sowing, forty days after the seedlings were transplanted to containers of different sizes. They stayed for ten days under conditions of 75% shade for acclimatization of the seedlings, after that period they were transported to conditions of 50% luminosity. The test was installed in a completely randomized design. At 30, 60 and 120 days after transplanting for the collection of the physiological variables, the portable infrared gas analyzer (Irga - Infra Red Gas Analyzer), model LI - 6400XT (Portable Photosynthesis System - LI) of LICOR, was used on dates similar to the collection of morphological characters. For the growth analyzes, the data of diameter of the neck and height were collected with digital caliper with 0.001 mm of confidence and graduated ruler. At the end of the experiment, materials were collected for analysis of dry matter of root and shoot, as well as the root ratio for aerial part, the data were then analyzed from Assistat software 7.7. After running the data analysis it was verified that for the growth analyzes as well as the physiological variables, the containers of larger volume (20x30 cm) conditioned better medium for the development of the seedlings.
Colombelli, Ketlin Thassiani. "Impacto da programação fetal por restrição proteica gestacional e lactacional sobre a próstata ventral de ratos Associação entre o desenvolvimento vascular e morfogênese epitelial /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144478.
Full textResumo: Condições gestacionais adversas podem acarretar alterações morfofuncionais irreversíveis no embrião/feto, condição conhecida como Programação Fetal (PF). Dentre os modelos de estudos sobre PF, a restrição proteica intrauterina tem sido o mais utilizado. Considerando os resultados recentes que evidenciaram o atraso no desenvolvimento prostático de ratos submetidos à restrição proteica intrauterina, além do importante papel do suprimento vascular para a morfogênese prostática, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os impactos da programação fetal induzida por restrição proteica materna sobre a próstata ventral da prole de ratos, com ênfase ao processo de angiogênese associado ao desenvolvimento glandular. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos Sprague Dawley (n=15/grupo) nascidos de mães alimentadas com ração padrão (grupo controle-CTR, 23% de proteína) ou com ração hipoproteica (6% de proteína) durante a gestação (grupo RPG), ou durante a gestação e lactação (grupo RPGL). Após o período experimental, os animais foram pesados, eutanasiados e os complexos urogenitais (CUG) ou lobos prostáticos ventrais (PV) coletados nos dias pós-natal (DPN) 10 e 21, sendo ambos processados para análises histológicas e bioquímicas. Nossos resultados demonstraram redução do peso corpóreo, da distância ano-genital, além de atraso no desenvolvimento prostático na prole dos animais RPG e RPGL. Este atraso foi relacionado ao menor índice de proliferação e diferenciação celulares na próstata dos animai... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Rocha, Paulo Ricardo Higassiaraguti. "Influência da prematuridade e restrição do crescimento intrauterino na habilidade motora na infância." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-08012019-165616/.
Full textIntroduction: The motor behavior is paramount and manifests itself in all phases of life. However, some children have marked delays in acquiring motor skills that may lead to future difficulties. Evidence from the literature has suggested that prenatal and birth factors such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth (PT) may play a significant role in the course of motor development (MD). However, the results presented by studies investigating the impact of PT, IUGR and PT and IUGR association in MD are still contradictory, deserving further investigation. Objective: to investigate the effect of PT and / or IUGR on infant motor development (fine and gross motor skills) among 2 years old children. Method: We studied 1006 children belonging to a cohort started during the prenatal evaluation (22nd - 25th weeks gestational age), followed at birth in 2010 and reexamined in the second year of life in 2011/2013. The children were classified in T-NIUGR (term and not restricted); T-IUGR (term + intrauterine growth restriction); PT-NIUGR (preterm + not restricted) and PT-IUGR (preterm + intrauterine growth restriction) to verify the interaction between PT and IUGR in the infant motor performance. The performance of the fine motor (SMF) and gross motor subscale (SMG) was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition screening. A multiple linear regression model was used to verify the association between PT and IUGR with the motor performance score and the relative risk was calculated using a Poisson regression model to verify the association between the birth conditions and the motor classification. The models were adjusted for maternal covariables (hypertension and / or gestational diabetes, alcohol and / or tobacco use during gestation, physical activity level, schooling, age and economic class) and the child (fetal growth and sex). Results: The children in the PT-IUGR group had lower motor performance than the T-NIUGR group in SMF (coefficient ? = -2.54, CI 95% -3.78, -1.30, p <0.001) and SMG ? = -1.62, 95% CI -2.77, -0.47, p = 0.006). Furthermore, the PT-IUGR group was associated with greater risks of delays in the development of fine motor skills (RR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.36; 6.78, p=0.007) and gross motor skills (RR = 2.97, 95% CI, 1.38; 6.40, p = 0.005). No difference could be observed between the other groups and T-NIUGR. Conclusion: The isolated effect of IUGR and prematurity, were not associated with poor performance and motor delays. However, the association of the two conditions, PT and IUGR, negatively influenced motor performance and increased the risk of motor delays in the second year of life.
Gouvêa, Raphael Rocha. "Padrão de especialização produtiva e crescimento econômico sob restrição externa: uma análise empírica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-10052010-144501/.
Full textThis dissertation aims to contribute to the empirical literature on balance-of-payments-constrained growth by investigating how structural change, identified with change in the sectoral composition of exports and/imports, affects the extent of the external constraint. This is done by two empirical exercises. The first one presents evidence in favor of the Multi-Sectoral Thirlwall Laws validity for a sample of 90 countries in the period 1965-1999, by analyzing the mean prediction error and the mean absolute deviation, as well as applying a regression test. In the second one, the evidence show that Brazilian economic growth in the period 1962-2006 was compatible with both Thirlwalls Law and Multi-Sectoral Thirlwalls Law. Multi-Sectoral Thirlwalls Law implications were, then, utilized to explore the relationship between productive structure, structural change and external constraint by analyzing the evolution of weighted income elasticities of exports and imports. Given the sectoral nature of this empirical exercise and its possible connection with the historical literature about the II National Development Plan (1974-1979), the results were used to evaluate the sectors contribution to the evolution of weighted income elasticities of exports and imports during the period. These findings provide additional support to the existing debate about the external adjustment promoted between 1974 and 1984. The results suggest that Castros (1985) interpretation has empirical support, even when evaluated using a different metric than the one used by the author. However, it is necessary to highlight Fishlows (1986) insight that the improvement verified in the trade balance in the years 1983-1984 came out to greater extent from exports behavior rather than from imports behavior.
Trindade, Thatianne Coutheux. "Influência do controle glicêmico no potencial de crescimento fetal em pacientes com diabetes melito gestacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-14012013-160501/.
Full textGestational diabetes (GDM) is related to overgrowth fetal. Objective: To evaluate fetal growth in patients with gestational diabetes (GD) according to glycemic control. Methods: Eighty-nine pregnant women seen at the Obstetric Clinic of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, between May 2005 and June 2011 were studied retrospectively. The study included non-smoking women with singleton pregnancies and GD diagnosed by the 100- or 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The patients had no maternal disease interfering with fetal weight gain and there were no fetal malformations. All women attended weekly specialized prenatal care, consumed a diabetes diet, performed daily glycemic control, and used insulin when necessary. Insulin was introduced when >=30% of the capillary glucose measurements obtained in one week were >95 mg/dl (fasting), >140 mg/dl (1 h postprandial), or >120 mg/dl (2 h postprandial). The women were divided into two groups according to the frequency of hyperglycemic episodes in all capillary glucose measurements obtained during treatment: group 1 (n = 65, <=30%), and group 2 (n = 24, >30%). Ultrasound (US) was performed at three time points for the comparison of mean fetal weight and abdominal circumference percentiles and fetal weight gain (g/day): US0 (18 to 24 weeks), US1 (at the beginning of treatment of GD), and US2 (at the end of treatment) Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of maternal age, pregestational BMI, prenatal maternal weight gain, gestational age at the diagnosis of GD, time of onset of treatment, or gestational age at US. Mean glycemia was 98.7 mg/dl in group 1 and 111.9 mg/dl in group 2 (p<0.001). Insulin was used by 16.9% of the patients of group 1 vs. 87.5% of group 2 (p<0.001). HbA1c at diagnosis of GD was higher in group 2 (5.52% vs. 5.93%; p<0.001). Fetal weight percentiles were similar in the two groups at US0 and US1, but significantly higher in group 2 at US2 (p=0.02). Abdominal circumference percentiles were significantly higher in group 2 at US1 and US2. Fetal weight gain (27.5 vs. 33.4 g/day; p=0.001) and birthweight (3247 vs. 3499 g; p=0.025) were higher in group 2. Conclusions: The pattern of fetal growth in patients with GD varies according to glycemic control. The fetal growth velocity and newborn birthweight were higher in women who presented >30% of hyperglycemic episodes during treatment of GD. The abdominal circumference percentile seems to change before the weight percentile and would be a more sensitive marker of altered fetal growth.
GONÇALVES, Daianna Rosse Martins. "Efeitos da restrição dietética materna ou de antioxidantes sobre o estresse oxidativo placentário: repercussão sobre indicadores de estresse oxidativo no fígado fetal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17472.
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É sabido que existe uma correlação entre o estresse oxidativo na placenta e em alguns órgãos da prole após o nascimento, como os rins e o endotélio vascular. Neste estudo, investigamos se o estado antioxidante materno influencia os indicadores de estresse oxidativo na placenta e no fígado fetal. Ratas Wistar grávidas foram tratadas com α-tocoferol, tempol ou com restrição diária de dieta para esgotar as reservas antioxidantes. O fígado materno, a placenta e o fígado fetal foram coletados no 20 dia de prenhez, quando a gravidez foi interrompida após anestesia materna. O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado através dos níveis de malondialdeido (MDA) e da glutationa reduzida (GSH). Os antioxidantes administrados não afetaram o peso placentário nem o peso corpóreo fetal nas mães controles. O tempol ou tempol + α-tocoferol recuperaram o peso corpóreo fetal nas mães submetidas à restrição dietética. Enquanto o α-tocoferol reduziu os níveis de malonildialdeído (MDA) na placenta das ratas controle (44%, p < 0,05), este antioxidante ou o tempol aumentaram (136 e 340%, respectivamente, p<0,05) os níveis de MDA na placenta de mães com restrição dietética, apesar de a restrição dietética per se ter reduzido os níveis de MDA (48%, p <0,05). O tempol ou o tempol + α-tocoferol foram capazes de aumentar (20 e 49%, respectivamente, p<0,05) os níveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) na placenta de ratas controle, no entanto, o tempol + α-tocoferol diminuiram (42%, p<0,05) os níveis de GSH na placenta de mães restritas. Os níveis de MDA apresentaram-se aumentados (72%, p<0,05) no fígado fetal de mães restritas tratadas com tempol, assim como, o GSH apresentou-se diminuído (32%, p<0,05) no fígado fetal de mães restritas tratadas com tempol + α-tocoferol. Embora o α-tocoferol tenhadiminuído a peroxidação lipídica da placenta, ele não alterou o padrão de estresse oxidativo no fígado fetal. O tempol reduziu os níveis de estresse oxidativo na placenta e no fígado fetal de mães controles, no entanto teve efeito simetricamente oposto nas mães submetidas à restrição dietética. Assim, um paralelo no padrão de estresse oxidativo entre placenta e fígado fetal foi observado apenas nas mães tratadas com tempol.
There is a correlation between oxidative stress in placenta and in some organs of offspring after birth, as kidneys and vascular endothelium. It was investigated whether maternal antioxidant status influences makers of the oxidative stress in the placenta and in fetal liver. Pregnant Wistar dams were treated with α-tocopherol, tempol or daily diet intake restriction to deplete antioxidant reservoir. Maternal liver, placenta and fetal liver were withdrawn at the 20th pregnancy day, when the pregnancy was interrupted in anesthetized dams. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The antioxidants did not affect placental or fetal body weight in control rats. Tempol or tempol + α-tocopherol recovered fetal body weight of dietary restricted fetuses. While α-tocopherol reduced malonyldialdehide (MDA) in placenta of control rats, α-tocopherol or tempol increased MDA levels in the placenta of dietary restricted dams, in spite of the dietary restriction per se had reduced the levels of MDA. Tempol or tempol + α-tocopherol were capable to increase the levels of reduced gluthatione (GSH) in the placenta of control rats, but tempol + α-tocopherol reduced the levels of GSH in the placenta of dietary restricted mothers. MDA was increased in the fetal liver of restricted dams treated with tempol, as well as, GSH was diminished in the fetal liver of restricted dams treated with tempol + α-tocopherol. Although α-tocopherol had diminished placental lipid peroxidation, it did not change fetal liver oxidative pattern. Tempol reduced placental and fetal liver oxidative stress in control dams, but it had a symmetrically contrary effect in dietary restricted dams. Thus, a parallel in pattern of oxidative stress between placenta and fetal liver was seen only in dams treated with tempol.
Furlan, Érica Luciana de Paula. "Intervalos de referência de crescimento fetal entre a 19ª e a 40ª semana de gravidez." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308762.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo:Objetivo: Desenvolver uma forma de avaliar peso e crescimento fetais por meio de fórmulas adaptadas para a população brasileira. Método: Estudo prospectivo realizado no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher durante um período de 39 meses. Dois grupos de mulheres foram recrutados. Grupo 1: Mulheres selecionadas para elaboração (subgrupo para elaboração) e validação (subgrupo para validação prospectiva) de um novo modelo para predição de peso fetal. Grupo 2: Mulheres selecionadas para elaboração de intervalos de referência longitudinais de peso fetal estimado (PFE). Foi utilizada uma regressão linear para a criação do novo modelo para estimativa de peso. Os desempenhos de outras fórmulas previamente publicadas foram comparados ao do novo modelo criado neste estudo. Os dados obtidos da avaliação do Grupo 2 foram usados para a elaboração de equações para predição do crescimento fetal e intervalos de referência longitudinais de PFE. Modelos de regressão linear mista foram ajustados usando Log10PFE como variável dependente, sendo preditores a idade gestacional (IG) e o número do exame (efeito randômico). Resultado: 544 gestantes se adequaram aos critérios de seleção (Grupo 1: 458; Grupo 2: 86). O melhor modelo para estimativa do peso fetal obtido neste estudo foi: PFE = -8.277 + 2.146 x DBP X CA x CF - 2.449 x CF x DBP2. Tanto no subgrupo para elaboração da fórmula quanto no subgrupo para validação prospectiva, o desempenho das equações previamente publicadas foi inferior ao deste modelo. Foram obtidas equações para predição de percentis condicionais. O melhor modelo para a mediana foi: Log10PFE = 3.4379627 + 0.1307044 x IG - 0.004089 x (IG - 28.9367)2. Percentis condicionais de PFE para cada IG foram obtidos por transformação exponencial dos valores calculados com estas fórmulas. Conclusão: Padrões de crescimento fetal devem ser elaborados com o uso demétodo estatístico apropriado para dados longitudinais, usando PFE com base em fórmulas preditoras de peso adaptadas para a população local
Abstract: Objective: To develop an assessment to determine both fetal size and growthbased on customized equations for weight estimation and longitudinal intervals for growth. Methods: Prospective observational study carried out at the Center for Integral Assistance to Women's Health over a 39-month period. Two groups of women were recruited. Group 1: Patients selected for the construction (formulafinding subgroup) and validation (prospective-validation subgroup) of a new fetal weight prediction model. Group 2: Patients recruited to elaborate longitudinal reference ranges of estimated fetal weight (EFW). Polynomial stepwise regression analyses were used to generate a new fetal weight-predicting model. The performances of previously published formulas were compared to that of our new model. Data obtained from Group 2 were used to elaborate equations to predict fetal growth and longitudinal reference intervals for EFW. Linear mixed models were fitted to the data using Log10EFW as the dependent variable, and gestational age (GA) and exam number (random effect) as predictors. Results: 544 patients met the selection criteria (Group 1: 458; Group 2: 86). The best fit formula for the estimation of fetal weight obtained in this study was: EFW = -8.277 + 2.146 x BPD X AC x FDL - 2.449 x FDL x BPD2. In both the formula-finding and prospective validation subgroups, the performances of previously published formulas were significantly worse than those of our new model. Formulas for the prediction of conditional percentiles were obtained. The equation for the median was: Log10EFW = 3.4379627 + 0.1307044 x GA - 0.004089 x (GA - 28.9367)2. Conditional percentiles of EFW for each GA were obtained from exponential transformation of the values calculated using these formulas. Conclusion: Longitudinal standards for fetal growth should be elaborated with appropriate statistics for longitudinal data, using estimated fetal weight calculated on the basis of locally generated fetal weight prediction formulas
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
Pereira, Rodrigo Coutinho. "O crescimento econômico brasileiro de 1995 a 2000 : restrição pela poupança interna ou externa?" Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/4566.
Full textAtualmente, um tema freqüente na literatura econômica tem sido o comportamento do balanço de pagamentos brasileiro e suas conseqüências sobre as principais variáveis macroeconômicas após a implantação do Plano Real. O presente estudo visa contribuir para o debate ao analisar de que forma o setor externo tem influenciado o crescimento econômico brasileiro recente, mais precisamente, como o desequilíbrio entre a oferta e a demanda de divisas estrangeiras tem restringido a capacidade produtiva interna no mesmo período em que a taxa de poupança interna como proporção do PIB reduziu-se de 19,5% para 17%. Para tanto, ao analisar o balanço de pagamentos nacional, discutiu-se de que forma o conjunto de medidas econômicas adotadas nos anos 90 levou o país a apresentar vultosos déficits em conta corrente e como a opção pelo financiamento desses déficits através da entrada de recursos externos tem sido responsável pela importação das diversas crises financeiras mundiais nos últimos sete anos. Num segundo momento, foi aplicado o modelo de dois hiatos formalizado por BACHA (1982), ao período 1995-2000, levando à conclusão de que no período analisado, o crescimento econômico brasileiro foi restrito pelo volume insuficiente de poupança interna para a acumulação de capital, resultado igualmente obtido para o mesmo período por FRITSCH & MODIANO (1988), e não pelo comportamento do balanço de pagamentos
Luminoso, Daniele [UNESP]. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica de parâmetros do crescimento fetal: relação com a hiperglicemia materna." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99241.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A causa mais freqüente de mortalidade perinatal em gestantes diabéticas é a malformação congênita, enquanto a principal causa de morbidade é o crescimento fetal anômalo. Anormalidades na oferta de nutrientes ao feto provavelmente desencadeiam alterações na trajetória do crescimento fetal. A hiperglicemia materna é apontada como a primeira determinante do crescimento fetal excessivo, devido a oferta de grandes quantidades de glicose ao feto, o que desencadeia hiperinsulinemia fetal. O crescimento fetal excessivo pode ser identificado em fetos grandes para idade gestacional (GIG),definidos como aqueles com peso acima do percentil 90 ou pela macrossomia, definida por peso ao nascimento acima de 4000g. A típica fetopatia diabética é caracterizada pelo aumento de proteínas corporais totais, glicogênio e gordura, além do aumento (hiperplasia e hipertrofia) de órgãos internos como fígado, coração, tecido adiposo e tecido das ilhotas pancreáticas. Este aumento seletivo dos órgãos internos contribui para uma composição corporal desarmônica que pode não ser revelada pelo peso corporal ou altura. O controle glicêmico em gestantes diabéticas está relacionado com melhora da morbidade perinatal, mas as taxas de macrossomia nestas gestações continuam altas, quando comparadas com grupo controle. A avaliação ultrassonográfica é capaz de detectar fetos em risco para crescimento excessivo, usando a medida da circunferência abdominal (CA). Foi demonstrado e estabelecido que a CA fetal acima do percentil 75 para a idade gestacional está relacionada com fetos em alto risco para crescimento excessivo e aumenta a chance para que estes fetos sejam grandes para a idade gestacional (GIG). Este achado (CA > percentil 75) vem sendo utilizado como ferramenta adicional ao ajuste da dose de insulina naquelas pacientes que fazem uso desta medicação. Quando a circunferência abdominal...
The aim of this study was to analyze the Sonographic Evaluation of Fetal Biometry and Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) in Relation to Maternal Mean Glycemic Levels (MGL) in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia would result in an increased of fetal growth parameters and AFI and that combined analysis of these would point out those fetuses at high risk for disproportional growth. his is an observational, retrospective, cross section, analytic study of 305 singleton pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. Fetal biometric parameters (Head Circumference - HC, Abdominal Circumference - AC and Head Circumference to Abdominal Circumference ratio - HC/AC) and the Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) were transformed in centiles and correlated to the daily maternal mean glycemic levels (MGL). The diabetic patients were divided according to the mean glycemic levels performed within two weeks of the ultrasound examination in two (< 120 and ≥ 120mg/dL) or three groups (< 100, 100-119 and ≥ 120mg/dL). The fetal sonographic parameters were evaluated overall gestational ages. In order to evaluate if mean glycemic level could have a specific influence on sonographic parameters in different gestation ages we have also subdivided the patients according to gestational age in two (< 25 and ≥ 25weeks) or three (< 25, 25-32 and ≥ 33weeks) groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used as distribution comparison when three different groups were present, and when statistical significance was found, Mann-Whitney was used to test differences within groups. Mann-Whitney was also used as mean of comparison when two different groups were present. Correlation between the variables was assessed by linear correlation (Spearman). We have performed five different analysis. The first one, was the evaluation of the difference between the ultrasound parameters in two different maternal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Luminoso, Daniele. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica de parâmetros do crescimento fetal : relação com a hiperglicemia materna /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99241.
Full textAbstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the Sonographic Evaluation of Fetal Biometry and Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) in Relation to Maternal Mean Glycemic Levels (MGL) in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia would result in an increased of fetal growth parameters and AFI and that combined analysis of these would point out those fetuses at high risk for disproportional growth. his is an observational, retrospective, cross section, analytic study of 305 singleton pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. Fetal biometric parameters (Head Circumference - HC, Abdominal Circumference - AC and Head Circumference to Abdominal Circumference ratio - HC/AC) and the Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) were transformed in centiles and correlated to the daily maternal mean glycemic levels (MGL). The diabetic patients were divided according to the mean glycemic levels performed within two weeks of the ultrasound examination in two (< 120 and ≥ 120mg/dL) or three groups (< 100, 100-119 and ≥ 120mg/dL). The fetal sonographic parameters were evaluated overall gestational ages. In order to evaluate if mean glycemic level could have a specific influence on sonographic parameters in different gestation ages we have also subdivided the patients according to gestational age in two (< 25 and ≥ 25weeks) or three (< 25, 25-32 and ≥ 33weeks) groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used as distribution comparison when three different groups were present, and when statistical significance was found, Mann-Whitney was used to test differences within groups. Mann-Whitney was also used as mean of comparison when two different groups were present. Correlation between the variables was assessed by linear correlation (Spearman). We have performed five different analysis. The first one, was the evaluation of the difference between the ultrasound parameters in two different maternal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
Coorientador: Marcos Consonni
Banca: Roberto Antônio de Araújo Costa
Banca: Nelson Lourenço Maia Filho
Mestre
Sene, Letícia de Barros [UNESP]. "Perfil de expressão dos mIRNAS da família mIR-200 e mIR-192 no rim total e glomérulos isolados de ratos submetidos à restrição protéica in útero." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88971.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A desnutrição proteico-calórica representa um problema mundial de saúde pública. O ambiente adverso durante a vida embriofetal e/ou na infância está relacionado com o risco de desenvolver doença na vida adulta. Esse processo é conhecido como programação fetal, no qual o ambiente antes do nascimento ou na infância molda o controle, em longo prazo, da fisiologia dos tecidos e da homeostase corporal. Resultados prévios do nosso grupo demonstraram que a programação fetal, por dieta hipoproteica, leva a redução do número de néfrons, entretanto a filtração glomerular não é alterada, embora estes animais apresentem proteinúria associada à simplificação podocitária, o que demonstra sobrecarga funcional glomerular, podendo gerar transição epitélio mesenquimal nos glomérulos e túbulos renais. A Transição epitelial mesenquimal (EMT) tem sido relacionada a muitas formas de doenças renais crônicas e os microRNAs da família miR-200 e o miR-192 contribuir para a EMT. Além disso, estudos mostram que os miRNAs podem ter relevância para a detecção precoce da lesão renal aguda e assim, prevenir a progressão da doença renal crônica. O mecanismo pelo qual a restrição proteica pode levar a alterações, em longo prazo, na expressão genica é a regulação epigenética. A palavra epigenética refere-se ao processo hereditário que modula a expressão genica sem alterar as sequências de DNA. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o perfil de expressão da família de miR-200 e miR-192 no rim total e glomérulos isolados em ratos programados pela restrição proteica gestacional, tanto nos animais de 12 dias quanto nos adultos da prole. Para isso, ratas prenhes foram alimentadas com dieta contendo quantidade normal de proteína (NP, 17% de caseína) ou com deita contendo apenas 6% de caseína (LP) durante todo o período...
The protein-calorie malnutrion represent global problems of public health. The adverse environment during the life embryofetal and /or in the infancy is related to the risk of disease in adult life. This process is known as fetal programming, in which the environment before birth or in childhood shapes the control, in the long term, of the physiology of tissues and body homeostasis. Gestational protein restriction during nephrogenesis lead to reduction in glomeruli number at birth. Our results show that fetal programming (by hypoproteic diet) lead decrease in nephron number, however, the glomerular filtration rate is unchanged, although these animals showed proteinuria associated with simplification podocitary, demonstrating glomerular functional overload, may cause epithelial mesenchymal transition in renal glomeruli and tubules. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been related to many forms of chronic kidney diseases and miR-200 family and miR-192 expression contribute to the EMT. Additionally, studies have showed that miRNA profiling might have relevance to the early detection of acute kidney injury and predict progression in chronic kidney disease. The mechanism by which maternal protein restriction can lead to long term alterations in genetic expression is epigenetic regulation. The word “epigenetic” refers to hereditary process that modulates potential genetic expression without alterations in DNA sequences. The aim of this study is to verify the profile of expression of family miR-200 and miR-192 in total kidney and isolated glomeruli in rats programmed by protein restriction in utero, at 12 days of age (final of the nephrogenesis period) and adult offspring. Wistar rats were fed during pregnancy with normal-protein diet (NP 17% casein) or protein-restricted diet (LP 6% casein). Kidneys of male offspring... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)