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Journal articles on the topic 'Restricted Loops'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Chen, Yuanlong, and Xiaoying Wu. "Chaos on Discrete Neural Network Loops with Self-Feedback." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3528684.

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In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors in a discrete neural network loop with self-feedback are studied. Specifically, an invariant closed set of the system of neural network loops is built and the subsystem restricted on this invariant closed set is topologically conjugate to a two-sided symbolic dynamical system which has two symbols. In the end, some illustrative numerical examples are given to demonstrate our theoretical results.
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2

Sempere, José M. "On Compensation Loops in Genomic Duplications." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 31, no. 01 (January 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054120400092.

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In this paper, we investigate the compensation loops, a DNA rearrangement in chromosomes due to unequal crossing over. We study the effect of compensation loops over the gene duplication, and we formalize it as a restricted case of gene duplication in general. We study this biological process under the point of view of formal languages, and we provide some results about the languages defined in this way.
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3

Dolenc, Jožica, Beat H. Meier, Victor H. Rusu, and Wilfred F. van Gunsteren. "Investigation of the structural preference and flexibility of the loop residues in amyloid fibrils of the HET-s prion." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 8 (2016): 5860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00057f.

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4

Hoang, Tuan, and Eliot Fried. "Influence of a spanning liquid film on the stability and buckling of a circular loop with intrinsic curvature or intrinsic twist density." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516666135.

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A variational model is used to study the behavior of a flexible but inextensible loop spanned by a liquid film, with the objective of explaining the stability and buckling of flat circular configurations. Loops made from filaments with intrinsic curvature and/or intrinsic twist density are considered, but attention is restricted to filaments with circular cross sections and uniform mechanical properties. Loops made with intrinsic curvature but no intrinsic twist density exhibit in-plane and out-of-plane buckling modes corresponding to stable solution branches that bifurcate from the branch of
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5

Růžičková, M., P. Hájek, R. Všolák, J. Berka, and J. Šmejkalová. "New Experimental Loops for Research Reactor LVR-15." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.559.

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Two experimental loops for operation in research reactor LVR-15 in ÚJV Řež are recently under preparation: High Temperature Helium Loop (HTHL) and SuperCritical Water Loop (SCWL). Pure helium will be used as working medium in HTHL and its main physical parameters are: operating pressure 7MPa, max. temperature in the test section 900°C and flow rate 36kg/h. HTHL will include helium purification system, system for dosage of impurities (e.g. CO2, H2, H2O, O2, N2 etc.) and helium sampling. Helium purification experiments and testing of materials in simulated HTR conditions will take place in HTHL
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6

Cox, Nicholas J. "Speaking Stata: Loops, again and again." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 999–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20976340.

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Two commands in official Stata, foreach and forvalues, provide structures for looping through lists of values (variable names, numbers, arbitrary text) and repeating commands using members of those lists in turn. These commands may be used interactively, and none is restricted to use in Stata programs. They are explained and compared in some detail with a variety of examples. In addition, a self-contained exposition is given on local macros, understanding of which is needed for use of foreach and forvalues. This column is a revision of the column “How to face lists with fortitude”, which appea
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7

Reugels, Alexander M., Roman Kurek, Ulrich Lammermann, and Hans Bünemann. "Mega-introns in the Dynein Gene DhDhc7(Y) on the Heterochromatic Y Chromosome Give Rise to the Giant Threads Loops in Primary Spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei." Genetics 154, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.2.759.

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Abstract The heterochromatic Y chromosomes of several Drosophila species harbor a small number of male fertility genes (fertility factors) with several unusual features. Expression of their megabase-sized loci is restricted to primary spermatocytes and correlates with the unfolding of species-specific lampbrush loop-like structures resulting from huge transcripts mainly derived from clusters of loop-specific Y chromosomal satellites. Otherwise, there is evidence from genetic mapping and biochemical experiments that at least two of these loops, Threads in Drosophila hydei and kl-5 in D. melanog
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8

De Genst, Erwin, Karen Silence, Mehdi Arbabi Ghahroudi, Klaas Decanniere, Remy Loris, Jörg Kinne, Lode Wyns, and Serge Muyldermans. "Strong in Vivo Maturation Compensates for Structurally Restricted H3 Loops in Antibody Repertoires." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 14 (January 19, 2005): 14114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m413011200.

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9

Kruth, Karina A., Mimi Fang, Dawne N. Shelton, Ossama Abu-Halawa, Ryan Mahling, Hongxing Yang, Jonathan S. Weissman, et al. "Suppression of B-cell development genes is key to glucocorticoid efficacy in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 129, no. 22 (June 1, 2017): 3000–3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-02-766204.

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Key PointsNext-generation functional genomics identifies B-cell development genes, pathways, and feedback loops that affect dex activity in B-ALL. Suppression of lymphoid-restricted PI3Kδ synergizes with dex in B-ALL by enhancing or restoring regulation of cell-death genes.
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10

Smith, G. P., та D. J. Ellar. "Mutagenesis of two surface-exposed loops of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC δ-endotoxin affects insecticidal specificity". Biochemical Journal 302, № 2 (1 вересня 1994): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020611.

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Site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the role of two surface-exposed loops (Gly-317-Phe-320 and Gln-374-Pro-377) in the insecticidal specificity of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC delta-endotoxin. Mutant toxins were generated by PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, and expressed in Escherichia coli. More than 50 mutant toxins were screened for toxicity to the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line using an in vitro lawn assay. A panel of these mutant toxins, which included toxic and non-toxic variants from both loops, was further screened for activity towards Aed
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11

Chintapalli, Sree V., Christopher J. R. Illingworth, Graham J. G. Upton, Sophie Sacquin-Mora, Philip J. Reeves, Hani S. Mohammedali, and Christopher A. Reynolds. "Assessing the effect of dynamics on the closed-loop protein-folding hypothesis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 91 (February 6, 2014): 20130935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0935.

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The closed-loop (loop-n-lock) hypothesis of protein folding suggests that loops of about 25 residues, closed through interactions between the loop ends (locks), play an important role in protein structure. Coarse-grain elastic network simulations, and examination of loop lengths in a diverse set of proteins, each supports a bias towards loops of close to 25 residues in length between residues of high stability. Previous studies have established a correlation between total contact distance (TCD), a metric of sequence distances between contacting residues (cf. contact order), and the log-folding
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12

Shayakul, C., M. A. Knepper, C. P. Smith, S. R. DiGiovanni, and M. A. Hediger. "Segmental localization of urea transporter mRNAs in rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): F654—F660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.5.f654.

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Renal epithelia express at least two distinct urea transporter mRNAs, termed UT1 and UT2, that are derived from a single UT gene by alternative splicing. Previous immunolocalization studies using a polyclonal antibody that does not distinguish between the protein products of these two transcripts revealed that expression of urea transporter protein is restricted to inner medullary collecting ducts and descending thin limbs of Henle's loop. To identify which transcripts account for protein expression in these two structures, we carried out reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies
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13

Lin, Hai. "Relation between large dimension operators and oscillator algebra of Young diagrams." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12, no. 04 (April 2015): 1550047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887815500474.

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The operators with large scaling dimensions can be labeled by Young diagrams. Among other bases, the operators using restricted Schur polynomials have been known to have a large N but nonplanar limit under which they map to states of a system of harmonic oscillators. We analyze the oscillator algebra acting on pairs of long rows or long columns in the Young diagrams of the operators. The oscillator algebra can be reached by a Inonu–Wigner contraction of the u(2) algebra inside of the u(p) algebra of p giant gravitons. We present evidences that integrability in this case can persist at higher l
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14

Санина, В. А., Б. Х. Ханнанов, Е. И. Головенчиц та М. П. Щеглов. "Электрическая поляризация в ErCrO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, индуцированная локальными полярными областями". Физика твердого тела 61, № 3 (2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.03.47242.286.

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AbstractElectric polarization in ErCrO_3 single crystals has been investigated in the temperature range of 5‒370 K. Ferroelectric ordering has not been found in any of the directions. However, electric polarization induced by restricted polar domains of structural origin has been observed. These domains are formed in the crystal matrix near impurity Bi^3+ ions partially substituting Er^3+ ions during the growth of single crystals by the method of spontaneous crystallization using solvent Bi_2O_3. The restricted polar domains form the superparaelectric state. Hysteresis loops with remanent pola
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15

Zwick, Michael B., Robert Kelleher, Richard Jensen, Aran F. Labrijn, Meng Wang, Gerald V. Quinnan, Paul W. H. I. Parren, and Dennis R. Burton. "A Novel Human Antibody against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Is V1, V2, and V3 Loop Dependent and Helps Delimit the Epitope of the Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Immunoglobulin G1 b12." Journal of Virology 77, no. 12 (June 15, 2003): 6965–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.12.6965-6978.2003.

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ABSTRACT The V1/V2 and V3 loops are proximal to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 and undergo conformational change upon CD4 receptor engagement by the HIV-1 envelope spike. Nearly all of the reported monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the CD4bs exhibit a very limited capacity to neutralize HIV-1. However, one such human MAb, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) b12, is uniquely able to neutralize primary isolates across subtypes with considerable potency. The molecular basis for the anti-HIV-1 activity of b12 is not fully understood but is relevant to vac
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16

Cheng, Lingling, Wenjie Wang, Yao Yao, and Qianwen Sun. "Mitochondrial RNase H1 activity regulates R-loop homeostasis to maintain genome integrity and enable early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis." PLOS Biology 19, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): e3001357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001357.

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Plant mitochondrial genomes undergo frequent homologous recombination (HR). Ectopic HR activity is inhibited by the HR surveillance pathway, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that the mitochondrial RNase H1 AtRNH1B impairs the formation of RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) and participates in the HR surveillance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtRNH1B suppresses ectopic HR at intermediate-sized repeats (IRs) and thus maintains mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. The RNase H1 AtRNH1C is restricted to the chloroplast; however, when cells lack AtRNH1B, transport of chl
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17

Mata, A. M., I. Matthews, R. E. A. Tunwell, R. P. Sharma, A. G. Lee, and J. M. East. "Definition of surface-exposed and trans-membranous regions of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum using anti-peptide antibodies." Biochemical Journal 286, no. 2 (September 1, 1992): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2860567.

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Peptides have been synthesized representing parts of the transduction, phosphorylation, nucleotide-binding and hinge domains of the (Ca(2+)-Mg2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and corresponding to segments of all of the postulated short inter-membranous loops of the (Ca(2+)-Mg2+)-ATPase (residues 77-88, 277-287, 780-791, 808-818, 915-924 and 949-958). A number of antibodies raised to these peptides have been shown to bind to the ATPase, defining surface-exposed regions. Many of these are concentrated in the phosphorylation and nucleotide-binding domains, suggesting tha
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18

Pancera, Marie, Jacob Lebowitz, Arne Schön, Ping Zhu, Ernesto Freire, Peter D. Kwong, Kenneth H. Roux, Joseph Sodroski, and Richard Wyatt. "Soluble Mimetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Spikes Produced by Replacement of the Native Trimerization Domain with aHeterologous Trimerization Motif: Characterization and Ligand Binding Analysis." Journal of Virology 79, no. 15 (August 1, 2005): 9954–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.15.9954-9969.2005.

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ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, mediates binding to the viral receptors and, along with the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, is a major target for neutralizing antibodies. We asked whether replacing the gp41 fusion/trimerization domain with a stable trimerization motif might lead to a more stable gp120 trimer that would be amenable to structural and immunologic analysis. To obtain stable gp120 trimers, a heterologous trimerization motif, GCN4, was appended to the C terminus of YU2gp120. Biochemical analysis indicated that the gp12
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19

Yang, Zhi-yong, Bimal K. Chakrabarti, Ling Xu, Brent Welcher, Wing-pui Kong, Kwanyee Leung, Amos Panet, John R. Mascola, and Gary J. Nabel. "Selective Modification of Variable Loops Alters Tropism and Enhances Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope." Journal of Virology 78, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 4029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.8.4029-4036.2004.

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ABSTRACT Although the B clade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelopes (Env) includes five highly variable regions, each of these domains contains a subset of sequences that remain conserved. The V3 loop has been much studied for its ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies, which are often restricted to a limited number of closely related strains, likely because a large number of antigenic structures are generated from the diverse amino acid sequences in this region. Despite these strain-specific determinants, subregions of V3 are highly conserved, and the effects of differen
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20

Shan, Lu, Yufeng Tong, Tao Xie, Min Wang, and Jinfeng Wang. "Restricted Backbone Conformational and Motional Flexibilities of Loops Containing Peptidyl−Proline Bonds Dominate the Enzyme Activity of Staphylococcal Nuclease†,‡." Biochemistry 46, no. 41 (October 2007): 11504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi7009794.

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21

Et. al., Siva Sankara Phani T. ,. "CGRA MODULO SCHEDULING FOR ACHIEVING BETTER PERFORMANCE AND INCREASED EFFICIENCY." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 1400–1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.1225.

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Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRA) is an effective solution for speeding up computer-intensive activities due to its high energy efficiency and flexibility sacrifices. The timely implementation of CGRA loops was one of the hardest problems in the analysis. Modulo scheduling (MS) was productive in order to implement loops on CGRAs. The problem remains with current MS algorithms, namely to map large and irregular circuits to CGRAs over a fair period of compilation with restricted computational and high-performance routing tools. This is mainly due to an absence of awareness of ma
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22

Vandenbark, Arthur A., Nicole Culbertson, Tom Finn, David Barnes, Abigail Buenafe, Gregory G. Burrows, Sandra Law, Yuan K. Chou, and Halina Offner. "Human TCR as Antigen: Homologies and Potentially Cross-Reactive HLA-DR2-Restricted Epitopes Within the AV and BV CDR2 Loops." Critical Reviews™ in Immunology 20, no. 1 (2000): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevimmunol.v20.i1.30.

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23

Silva Cascales, Helena, Kamila Burdova, Anna Middleton, Vladislav Kuzin, Erik Müllers, Henriette Stoy, Laura Baranello, Libor Macurek, and Arne Lindqvist. "Cyclin A2 localises in the cytoplasm at the S/G2 transition to activate PLK1." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 3 (January 5, 2021): e202000980. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000980.

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Cyclin A2 is a key regulator of the cell cycle, implicated both in DNA replication and mitotic entry. Cyclin A2 participates in feedback loops that activate mitotic kinases in G2 phase, but why active Cyclin A2-CDK2 during the S phase does not trigger mitotic kinase activation remains unclear. Here, we describe a change in localisation of Cyclin A2 from being only nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic at the S/G2 border. We find that Cyclin A2-CDK2 can activate the mitotic kinase PLK1 through phosphorylation of Bora, and that only cytoplasmic Cyclin A2 interacts with Bora and PLK1. Expressio
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24

Blevins, Sydney J., Brian G. Pierce, Nishant K. Singh, Timothy P. Riley, Yuan Wang, Timothy T. Spear, Michael I. Nishimura, Zhiping Weng та Brian M. Baker. "How structural adaptability exists alongside HLA-A2 bias in the human αβ TCR repertoire". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 9 (16 лютого 2016): E1276—E1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522069113.

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How T-cell receptors (TCRs) can be intrinsically biased toward MHC proteins while simultaneously display the structural adaptability required to engage diverse ligands remains a controversial puzzle. We addressed this by examining αβ TCR sequences and structures for evidence of physicochemical compatibility with MHC proteins. We found that human TCRs are enriched in the capacity to engage a polymorphic, positively charged “hot-spot” region that is almost exclusive to the α1-helix of the common human class I MHC protein, HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2). TCR binding necessitates hot-spot burial, yielding hi
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25

Nicoletti, Rodrigo, and Robert Liebich. "Analysis of long wind turbine blades with shape memory alloy wires in super-elastic phase." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 15 (July 5, 2018): 3108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18783078.

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In this work, shape memory alloy wires are modeled and included in the model of a wind turbine blade, in order to numerically study their effect on blade vibrations under operating conditions. The blade is modeled using finite elements considering flapwise, edgewise, and torsional motion subjected to the effects of rotation and to a normal wind profile. The shape memory alloy wires are modeled in the super-elastic phase, thus presenting a hysteresis loop as a function of strain and ambient temperature. Such a hysteretic behavior of the shape memory alloy material adds damping to the structure
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26

Klimpel, G. R., A. K. Chopra, K. E. Langley, J. Wypych, C. A. Annable, D. Kaiserlian, P. B. Ernst, and J. W. Peterson. "A role for stem cell factor and c-kit in the murine intestinal tract secretory response to cholera toxin." Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.6.1931.

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The role of stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor (c-kit) in the intestinal secretory response to cholera toxin (CT) was investigated using a ligated intestinal loop model in mice having mutations in the dominant white spotting (W) locus and the steel (Sl) locus. W/Wv mice, which express an aberrant form of the c-kit protein, failed to give an intestinal secretory response after luminal CT challenge. In contrast, W/Wv mice and their control littermates had equivalent intestinal secretory responses to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa). Sl/Sld mice, which express only a soluble tr
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27

Iordanov, Iordan, Marie Renault, Valérie Réat, Patrick D. Bosshart, Andreas Engel, Olivier Saurel, and Alain Milon. "Dynamics of Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpA transmembrane domain: The four extracellular loops display restricted motion behavior in micelles and in lipid bilayers." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1818, no. 9 (September 2012): 2344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.004.

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28

Grant, Ethan P., Massimo Degano, Jean-Pierre Rosat, Steffen Stenger, Robert L. Modlin, Ian A. Wilson, Steven A. Porcelli, and Michael B. Brenner. "Molecular Recognition of Lipid Antigens by T Cell Receptors." Journal of Experimental Medicine 189, no. 1 (January 4, 1999): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.1.195.

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The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) mediates recognition of peptide antigens bound in the groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This dual recognition is mediated by the complementarity-determining residue (CDR) loops of the α and β chains of a single TCR which contact exposed residues of the peptide antigen and amino acids along the MHC α helices. The recent description of T cells that recognize hydrophobic microbial lipid antigens has challenged immunologists to explain, in molecular terms, the nature of this interaction. Structural studies on the murine CD1d1 molecule rev
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29

Lunde, E., V. Lauvrak, I. B. Rasmussen, K. W. Schjetne, K. M. Thompson, T. E. Michaelsen, O. H. Brekke, L. M. Sollid, B. Bogen, and I. Sandlie. "Troybodies and Pepbodies." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300500.

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All antibodies (Abs) with effector function are produced in mammalian cells, whereas bacterial production is restricted to smaller targeting fragments (scFv and Fab) without effector functions. In this project, we isolated different peptides that bind one of several Ab effector molecules. We have developed bacterial expression vectors for direct cloning of these peptides as fusions to scFv and Fab, and have obtained targeting fragments that also have the ability to bind Ab effector molecules. Some of these fusions (pepbodies) may also initiate Ab effector functions. We have also genetically in
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Tarahi Tabrizi, Shabnam, David B. Langley, Stephen J. Harrop, Anthony P. Duff, and Robert D. Willows. "Structure of GUN4 fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 8 (July 29, 2015): 1094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15012248.

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The genomes uncoupled 4 (GUN4) protein stimulates chlorophyll biosynthesis by increasing the activity of Mg-chelatase, the enzyme that inserts magnesium into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. One of the roles of GUN4 is in binding PPIX and Mg-PPIX. In eukaryotes, GUN4 also participates in plastid-to-nucleus signalling, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic GUN4, fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii, is presented. The structure is in broad agreement with those of previously solved cyanobacterial structures. Most in
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31

Groma, István, Ildikó Szenthe, Éva Ódor, Bertalan Jóni, Gyula Zilahi, Zoltán Dankházi, Gábor Ribárik, and Zoltán Hózer. "Evolution of dislocation microstructure in irradiated Zr alloys determined by X-ray peak profile analysis." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720015885.

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During neutron irradiation of metals, owing to the enhanced number of vacancies and interstitial atoms, the climb motion of dislocations becomes significant at room temperature, leading to a recrystallization of the material. Moreover, the vacancies and interstitial atoms tend to form prismatic dislocation loops that play a crucial role in the plastic properties of the materials. X-ray peak profile analysis is an efficient nondestructive method to determine the properties of dislocation microstructure. In the first half of this article, the foundation of the asymptotic peak broadening theory a
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32

Leddin, Mathias, Chiara Perrod, Maarten Hoogenkamp, Saeed Ghani, Salam Assi, Sven Heinz, Nicola K. Wilson, et al. "Two distinct auto-regulatory loops operate at the PU.1 locus in B cells and myeloid cells." Blood 117, no. 10 (March 10, 2011): 2827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-08-302976.

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Abstract The transcription factor PU.1 occupies a central role in controlling myeloid and early B-cell development, and its correct lineage-specific expression is critical for the differentiation choice of hematopoietic progenitors. However, little is known of how this tissue-specific pattern is established. We previously identified an upstream regulatory cis element whose targeted deletion in mice decreases PU.1 expression and causes leukemia. We show here that the upstream regulatory cis element alone is insufficient to confer physiologic PU.1 expression in mice but requires the cooperation
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33

Andrews-Polymenis, Helene L., Wolfgang Rabsch, Steffen Porwollik, Michael McClelland, Carlos Rosetti, L. Garry Adams, and Andreas J. Bäumler. "Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Pigeon Isolates Does Not Correlate with Loss of Discrete Genes." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 2619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.9.2619-2628.2004.

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ABSTRACT The definitive phage types (DT) 2 and 99 of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium are epidemiologically correlated with a host range restricted to pigeons, in contrast to phage types with broader host ranges such as epidemic cattle isolates (DT104 and DT204). To determine whether phage types with broad host range possess genetic islands absent from host-restricted phage types, we compared the genomes of four pigeon isolates to serotype Typhimurium strain LT2 using a DNA microarray. Three of the four isolates tested caused fluid accumulation in bovine ligated ileal loops, but they h
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34

DiSpirito, Joanna R., David Zemmour, Deepshika Ramanan, Jun Cho, Rapolas Zilionis, Allon M. Klein, Christophe Benoist, and Diane Mathis. "Molecular diversification of regulatory T cells in nonlymphoid tissues." Science Immunology 3, no. 27 (September 14, 2018): eaat5861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aat5861.

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Foxp3+CD4+regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate in certain nonlymphoid tissues, where they control diverse aspects of organ homeostasis. Populations of tissue Tregs, as they have been termed, have transcriptomes distinct from those of their counterparts in lymphoid organs and other nonlymphoid tissues. We examined the diversification of Tregsin visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the colon vis-à-vis lymphoid organs from the same individuals. The unique transcriptomes of the various tissue Tregpopulations resulted from layering of tissue-restricted open chromatin regions over regions
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35

Rodriguez Barrera, Mario A., and Walter Pereira Carpes Jr. "Particle swarm optimization for the design of square loop frequency selective surfaces considering a model of dielectric effective permittivity." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2015-0362.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method applied in the design of a square-loop frequency selective surface (FSS) via the equivalent circuit model (ECM), considering the dielectric effective permittivity as a variable in the optimization problem. Design/methodology/approach In the optimization process considered, besides the FSS square loop geometric parameters, the thickness and relative permittivity of dielectric material used as support are included as variables in the search space, using for this a model of dielectric effecti
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36

Hein, Sibyll, Vladimir Prassolov, Yuanming Zhang, Dmitry Ivanov, Jürgen Löhler, Susan R. Ross, and Carol Stocking. "Sodium-Dependent myo-Inositol Transporter 1 Is a Cellular Receptor for Mus cervicolor M813 Murine Leukemia Virus." Journal of Virology 77, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 5926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.10.5926-5932.2003.

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ABSTRACT Retrovirus infection is initiated by binding of the surface (SU) portion of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) to specific receptors on cells. This binding triggers conformational changes in the transmembrane portion of Env, leading to membrane fusion and cell entry, and is thus a major determinant of retrovirus tissue and species tropism. The M813 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a highly fusogenic gammaretrovirus, isolated from Mus cervicolor, whose host range is limited to mouse cells. To delineate the molecular mechanisms of its restricted host range and its high fusogenic poten
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37

Elfituri, Osama, Nathan Aardsma, Suman Setty, Frederick Behm, and Kimberly Czech. "Atypical Plasmacytic Proliferation in a Case of C3 Glomerulopathy." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 232470961769074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709617690746.

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An 11-year-old Hispanic female underwent evaluation of asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria. The patient denied fever, edema, and gross hematuria. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, and a urine microscopic examination revealed red blood cells. Screening tests for glomerulonephritis revealed a low C3 and negative ANA, ASO, DNAse-B, and ANCA. Histological examination of a renal biopsy specimen showed glomeruli with endocapillary proliferation, a predominant C3 deposition in the capillary loops by immunofluorescence, and electron dense deposits in the mesangium, paramesangium, and capillary wa
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38

Brooks, Michael J., Cassie A. Laurence, Eric J. Hansen, and Scott D. Gray-Owen. "Characterization of the Moraxella catarrhalis Opa-Like Protein, OlpA, Reveals a Phylogenetically Conserved Family of Outer Membrane Proteins." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 1 (October 13, 2006): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00788-06.

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ABSTRACT Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted pathogen that can cause respiratory tract infections. In this study, we identified a previously uncharacterized 24-kDa outer membrane protein with a high degree of similarity to Neisseria Opa protein adhesins, with a predicted β-barrel structure consisting of eight antiparallel β-sheets with four surface-exposed loops. In striking contrast to the antigenically variable Opa proteins, the M. catarrhalis Opa-like protein (OlpA) is highly conserved and constitutively expressed, with 25 of 27 strains corresponding to a single variant. Protease tr
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39

Nishimura, H., E. Yaoita, M. Nameta, K. Yamaguchi, M. Sato, C. Ihoriya, L. Zhao, et al. "Restricted nutrition-induced low birth weight, low number of nephrons and glomerular mesangium injury in Japanese quail." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174416000787.

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Insufficient nutrition during the perinatal period causes structural alterations in humans and experimental animals, leading to increased vulnerability to diseases in later life. Japanese quail,Coturnix japonica, in which partial (8–10%) egg white was withdrawn (EwW) from eggs before incubation had lower birth weights than controls (CTs). EwW birds also had reduced hatching rates, smaller glomeruli and lower embryo weight. In EwW embryos, the surface condensate area containing mesenchymal cells was larger, suggesting that delayed but active nephrogenesis takes place. In mature EwW quail, the n
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40

Casanova, J. L., J. C. Cerottini, M. Matthes, A. Necker, H. Gournier, C. Barra, C. Widmann, H. R. MacDonald, F. Lemonnier, and B. Malissen. "H-2-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for HLA display T cell receptors of limited diversity." Journal of Experimental Medicine 176, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.2.439.

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We previously showed that H-2Kd-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for a single nonapeptide derived from the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (PbCS) protein displayed T cell receptors (TCRs) of highly diverse primary structure. We have now analyzed the TCR repertoire of CTLs that recognize a peptide derived from the human class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule HLA-Cw3 in association with the same murine class I MHC molecule H-2Kd. We first sequenced the TCR alpha and beta genes of the CTL clone Cw3/1.1 and, based on this genomic analysis, the TCR alpha
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41

El-Achkar, Tarek M., Zoya Plotkin, Branislav Marcic, and Pierre C. Dagher. "Sepsis induces an increase in thick ascending limb Cox-2 that is TLR4 dependent." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 293, no. 4 (October 2007): F1187—F1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00217.2007.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme responsible for the formation of inflammatory prostanoids such as prostaglandins and thromboxane. Its role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory states like sepsis is increasingly recognized. Recently, we demonstrated that sepsis upregulates the endotoxin receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rat kidney. Because Cox-2 is one of the downstream products of TLR4 activation, we hypothesized that sepsis-induced changes in renal Cox-2 expression are TLR4 dependent. Indeed, we show that in Sprague-Dawley rats, cecal ligation and puncture (a sepsis mo
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42

Taraszka, Karen S., Jonathan M. G. Higgins, Kemin Tan, Didier A. Mandelbrot, Jia-huai Wang та Michael B. Brenner. "Molecular Basis for Leukocyte Integrin αEβ7 Adhesion to Epithelial (E)-Cadherin". Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, № 9 (1 травня 2000): 1555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.9.1555.

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Cadherins are expressed in tissue-restricted patterns and typically mediate homophilic adhesion. Cadherins also mediate lymphocyte adhesion, providing the opportunity for lymphocyte attachment to parenchymal cells. The best characterized example of lymphocyte adhesion to a tissue-specific cell adhesion molecule, as opposed to a vascular endothelial adhesion molecule, is the interaction between integrin αEβ7 on intraepithelial lymphocytes and E-cadherin on epithelial cells. However, the molecular basis for an integrin–cadherin interaction is not well defined. Realization that the cadherin domai
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43

Trapp, B. D., S. B. Andrews, C. Cootauco, and R. Quarles. "The myelin-associated glycoprotein is enriched in multivesicular bodies and periaxonal membranes of actively myelinating oligodendrocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): 2417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.5.2417.

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The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that is selectively expressed by myelin-forming cells. A developmentally regulated, alternative splicing of a single MAG transcript produces two MAG polypeptides (72 and 67 kD) in the central nervous system (CNS). MAG occurs predominantly as the 67-kD polypeptide in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This study determined the subcellular localization of CNS MAG at different postnatal times when the 72-kD form (7-d) and 67-kD form (adult) are quantitatively abundant. These distributions were also compa
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Kiyomizu, Kazunobu, Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Tsuyoshi Nakazawa, Seiji Tadokoro, Shigenori Honda, Yuzuru Kanakura та Yoshiaki Tomiyama. "Recognition of highly restricted regions in the β-propeller domain of αIIb by platelet-associated anti-αIIbβ3 autoantibodies in primary immune thrombocytopenia". Blood 120, № 7 (16 серпня 2012): 1499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-02-409995.

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AbstractPlatelet-associated (PA) IgG autoantibodies play an essential role in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, little is known about the epitopes of these Abs. This study aimed to identify critical binding regions for PA anti-αIIbβ3 Abs. Because PA anti-αIIbβ3 Abs bound poorly to mouse αIIbβ3, we created human-mouse chimera constructs. We first examined 76 platelet eluates obtained from patients with primary ITP. Of these, 26 harbored PA anti-αIIbβ3 Abs (34%). Further analysis of 15 patients who provided sufficient materials showed that the epitopes of these Abs were mainly loca
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45

Qa'dan, Maen, Kenneth A. Christensen, Lei Zhang, Thomas M. Roberts, and R. John Collier. "Membrane Insertion by Anthrax Protective Antigen in Cultured Cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 13 (July 1, 2005): 5492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.13.5492-5498.2005.

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ABSTRACT The enzymatic moieties of anthrax toxin enter the cytosol of mammalian cells via a pore in the endosomal membrane formed by the protective antigen (PA) moiety. Pore formation involves an acidic pH-induced conformational rearrangement of a heptameric precursor (the prepore), in which the seven 2β2-2β3 loops interact to generate a 14-strand transmembrane β-barrel. To investigate this model in vivo, we labeled PA with the fluorophore 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) at cysteine residues introduced into the 2β2-2β3 loop. Each labeled PA was bound to CHO cells, and NBD fluorescence was
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46

Chaturvedi, P. "Utilization of intestinal clamps for precise cutting of the pectoralis major muscle while raising a myocutaneous flap." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 3 (March 2004): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221504322928017.

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A variety of approaches have been employed for the reconstruction of head and neck defects and most of the techniques involve the use of arterialized vascular flaps alone, or in conjunction with other regional or local tissues. We frequently use a pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap in our hospital in addition to other pedicled or free tissue transfers. A PMMC flap is a reliable flap with acceptable complications, needs a small learning curve, takes less time, and does not require additional investment (i.e. microscopes, loops etc). The disadvantages of the PMMC flap is that it has a res
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47

Zeller, Marc, and Christian Prehofer. "A Multi-Layered Control Approach for Self-Adaptation in Automotive Embedded Systems." Advances in Software Engineering 2012 (October 4, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/971430.

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We present an approach for self-adaptation in automotive embedded systems using a hierarchical, multi-layered control approach. We model automotive systems as a set of constraints and define a hierarchy of control loops based on different criteria. Adaptations are performed at first locally on a lower layer of the architecture. If this fails due to the restricted scope of the control cycle, the next higher layer is in charge of finding a suitable adaptation. We compare different options regarding responsibility split in multi-layered control in a self-healing scenario with a setup adopted from
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Fukui, Yoshinori, Osamu Hashimoto, Ayumi Inayoshi, Takahiro Gyotoku, Tetsuro Sano, Takahiro Koga, Toshifumi Gushima та Takehiko Sasazuki. "Highly Restricted T Cell Repertoire Shaped by a Single Major Histocompatibility Complex–Peptide Ligand in the Presence of a Single Rearranged T Cell Receptor β Chain". Journal of Experimental Medicine 188, № 5 (7 вересня 1998): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.5.897.

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The T cell repertoire is shaped by positive and negative selection of thymocytes through the interaction of α/β-T cell receptors (TCR) with self-peptides bound to self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, the involvement of specific TCR-peptide contacts in positive selection remains unclear. By fixing TCR-β chains with a single rearranged TCR-β irrelevant to the selecting ligand, we show here that T cells selected to mature on a single MHC–peptide complex express highly restricted TCR-α chains in terms of Vα usage and amino acid residue of their CDR3 loops, whereas such r
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49

Dowland, Samson N., Romanthi J. Madawala, Connie E. Poon, Laura A. Lindsay, and Christopher R. Murphy. "Prominin-1 glycosylation changes throughout early pregnancy in uterine epithelial cells under the influence of maternal ovarian hormones." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 6 (2017): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15432.

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In preparation for uterine receptivity, the uterine epithelial cells (UECs) exhibit a loss of microvilli and glycocalyx and a restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton. The prominin-1 protein contains large, heavily glycosylated extracellular loops and is usually restricted to apical plasma membrane (APM) protrusions. The present study examined rat UECs during early pregnancy using immunofluorescence, western blotting and deglycosylation analyses. Ovariectomised rats were injected with oestrogen and progesterone to examine how these hormones affect prominin-1. At the time of fertilisation, promi
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50

HAUCOURT, EMMANUEL. "The geometry of conservative programs." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 28, no. 10 (October 17, 2017): 1723–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129517000226.

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The programs, we consider are written in a restricted form of the language introduced by Dijkstra (1968). A program is said to beconservativewhen each of its loops restores all the resources it consumes. We define the geometric model of such a program and prove that the collection of directed paths on it is a reasonable over-approximation of its set of execution traces. In particular, two directed paths that are close enough with respect to theuniform distanceresult in the same action on the memory states of the system. The same holds forweakly dihomotopicdirected paths. As a by-product, we ob
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