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Bein, Adrian Sean, and Alexander Williams. "Networking IP Restriction filtering and network address." IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 1, no. 2 (2020): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/itsdi.v1i2.149.
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Permissions setting on a computer is necessary. This is an effort that is not easy to change the system configuration or settings changed by the user. With a network of computers, of course, permissions settings do not need to be done one by one manually. Because in a computer network course there are many collections of computers connected together. Permissions setting so that the system can use the client-server applications that access restrictions can be done effectively. As the implementation of client-server applications can be created using Visual Basic 6.0. This language has been able to access the socket on the Windows operating system, named Winsock API that supports TCP / IP. This protocol is widely used because of the reliability of client-server application programming. The application is divided into two main applications, namely the client and server program name with the name of the Receiver Sender program. Receiver function receives instructions restriction of access rights Sender and sends reports to the Sender process execution. While Sender functions to send instructions restrictions permissions via the Registry to the Receiver. And after the test, the application can block important features available in the Windows operating system. So it is expected that these applications can help in permissions setting on a computer network.
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Bromley, Patricia, Evan Schofer, and Wesley Longhofer. "Contentions over World Culture: The Rise of Legal Restrictions on Foreign Funding to NGOs, 1994–2015." Social Forces 99, no. 1 (2019): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz138.
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Abstract The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented rise in government restrictions on foreign funding to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Often in the name of defending the nation from outside influences, over 60 countries have implemented laws limiting foreign funding to NGOs. We use event history analyses to evaluate domestic and global explanations for the adoption of these policies over the period 1994–2015. Prior work has argued that funding restrictions result from real or perceived threats to political regimes, especially in countries with competitive elections. We add to this story by situating it in a larger global and cultural context: new funding laws are part of a growing backlash against the liberal international order, which has long sponsored international and domestic NGOs devoted to issues such as human rights and the environment. In an era of increasing resistance toward globally linked civil society groups—the primary carriers of liberal world society—NGO funding restrictions are now diffusing widely across the international system. We argue that restriction policies will be most common among countries that are linked to illiberal or anti-Western organizations and discourses in the international community. Moreover, adoption will accelerate as more countries do it, representing a growing “wave” or backlash against the liberal international order. Findings support the prior literature as well as our new arguments regarding illiberal international organizations and global backlash.
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Cholaquidis, Alejandro, and Antonio Cuevas. "Set estimation under biconvexity restrictions." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 24 (2020): 770–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2020019.
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A set in the Euclidean plane is said to be biconvex if, for some angle θ ∈ [0, π∕2), all its sections along straight lines with inclination angles θ and θ + π∕2 are convex sets (i.e., empty sets or segments). Biconvexity is a natural notion with some useful applications in optimization theory. It has also be independently used, under the name of “rectilinear convexity”, in computational geometry. We are concerned here with the problem of asymptotically reconstructing (or estimating) a biconvex set S from a random sample of points drawn on S. By analogy with the classical convex case, one would like to define the “biconvex hull” of the sample points as a natural estimator for S. However, as previously pointed out by several authors, the notion of “hull” for a given set A (understood as the “minimal” set including A and having the required property) has no obvious, useful translation to the biconvex case. This is in sharp contrast with the well-known elementary definition of convex hull. Thus, we have selected the most commonly accepted notion of “biconvex hull” (often called “rectilinear convex hull”): we first provide additional motivations for this definition, proving some useful relations with other convexity-related notions. Then, we prove some results concerning the consistent approximation of a biconvex set S and the corresponding biconvex hull. An analogous result is also provided for the boundaries. A method to approximate, from a sample of points on S, the biconvexity angle θ is also given.
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Panara, Carlo. "In the Name of God: State and Religion in Contemporary Italy." Religion & Human Rights 6, no. 1 (2011): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187103211x543653.
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AbstractDuring the last few years the influence of the Catholic Church on law-making and government policies in Italy has dramatically increased. The Italian Episcopal Conference established a solid alliance with the Centre-Right led by the media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. This political situation favoured the introduction of a number of hyper-conservative policies on ethical matters, from artificial insemination to abortion. In contrast, the influence of the Church was not significant in other key areas such as immigration policy. This article argues that the Church-inspired hyper-conservatism has led to the introduction of considerable restrictions to individual rights and freedoms. This situation is undermining the secular character of the Italian State and the original liberal-democratic inspiration of the Constitution.
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Backhaus, Bridget. "News by any other name: community radio journalism in India." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, no. 2 (2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00051_1.
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Community radio journalism is a cultural resource that offers a voice to local communities and works to democratise media landscapes. Despite its indisputable value, community radio journalism in India faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost being that, officially, it does not exist. According to government policy, community radio stations are prohibited from broadcasting any news and current affairs content. The situation is further complicated by the presence of a development discourse underpinning the entire rationale for the sector. Instead of serving their listeners, community radio stations are beholden to a nebulous development agenda. Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that community radio journalism in India is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring how community radio practitioners in India source content and work around their restrictions in order to provide their listeners with relevant information and news.
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Buzek, Ladislav. "Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains: Possible Restrictions on Use." Geografie 102, no. 1 (1997): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1997102010042.
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As much as 80 % of drinking water for Ostrava Metropolitan Area comes from surface sources. Lack of water occurred in the post-war years when industrialization was in progress and the drinking water quality deteriorated significantly. As a result, two drinking water reservoirs have been constructed in the central part of Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.: Šance Reservoir on the upper course of Ostravice and Morávka Reservoir on the river of same name. Both are situated in a mountainous terrain amidst deep forests. At present, however, reservoirs are threatened by siltation due to increased soil erosion.
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DELZANNO, GIORGIO. "Constraint-based automatic verification of abstract models of multithreaded programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 7, no. 1-2 (2007): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068406002821.
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AbstractWe present a technique for the automated verification of abstract models of multithreaded programs providing fresh name generation, name mobility, and unbounded control. As high level specification language we adopt here an extension of communication finite-state machines with local variables ranging over an infinite name domain, called TDL programs. Communication machines have been proved very effective for representing communication protocols as well as for representing abstractions of multithreaded software. The verification method that we propose is based on the encoding of TDL programs into a low level language based on multiset rewriting and constraints that can be viewed as an extension of Petri Nets. By means of this encoding, the symbolic verification procedure developed for the low level language in our previous work can now be applied to TDL programs. Furthermore, the encoding allows us to isolate a decidable class of verification problems for TDL programs that still provide fresh name generation, name mobility, and unbounded control. Our syntactic restrictions are in fact defined on the internal structure of threads: In order to obtain a complete and terminating method, threads are only allowed to have at most one local variable (ranging over an infinite domain of names).
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Scott, Elizabeth A. "‘The Ill-name of the Old Country’: London’s Assisted Emigrants, British Unemployment Policy, and Canadian Immigration Restriction, 1905-1910." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 26, no. 1 (2016): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037231ar.
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Between 1906 and 1910, Canada passed two increasingly restrictive Immigration Acts to, among other reasons, reduce charitable assisted emigration from London. These acts were passed in response to Britain’s Unemployed Workmen Act in 1905, which contained an emigration clause designed to move London’s unemployed to Canada. Canada deemed these emigrants to be unsuitable largely because they hailed from the impoverished East End of London. Emigration charities felt an imperial betrayal in the wake of the restrictions. Although an exception allowed for a limited degree of charitable emigration to continue, assisted English emigrants were now unreservedly lumped together with other undesirables in the British World. Despite Canadian displeasure, charities continued to send London’s unemployed to Canada until World War I. A more direct relationship between British unemployment policy and Canadian immigration policy is emphasized, opening a space wherein to examine transnational and imperial legal tensions in the early twentieth century British World. This space reveals a nexus of poverty, migration, and restriction that pitted Britain’s needs against Canada’s; it also complicates the concept of loyal nations belonging to a cooperative British World, becoming particularly relevant to the evolution of restrictive Canadian attitudes towards British immigrants after 1905.
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Polumbaum, Judy. "In the Name of Stability: Restrictions on the Right of Assembly in the People's Republic of China." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 26 (July 1991): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2949868.
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Kurmanov, M. M. "Name of the Highest Official of the Republic: Legislation and Practice." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18353.
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The analysis of the Amendments to the Federal Law of 6 October 1999 «On General Principles for the Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power in the Subjects of the Russian Federation» is presented in connection with the restrictions in establishing the name of the post of the highest official of the subject of the RF.Recognizing the majority of amendments to the Federal Law, useful and deserving of support, we consider, however, certain provisions of this law are highly controversial and controversial.The drafts of federal laws introduced by deputies of the State Duma of the RF and received negative feedback fromthe Government of the RF and the legal department of the State Duma of the RF and rejected by the State Duma of the RF. The execution of the Federal Law in the Republic of Tatarstan is analyzed, taking into account the treaty on the delimitation of powers and powers between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2007. The author suggests ways of solving this problem in the Republic of Tatarstan.
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Evans-Reeves, Karen A., Rosemary Hiscock, Kathrin Lauber, and Anna B. Gilmore. "Prospective longitudinal study of tobacco company adaptation to standardised packaging in the UK: identifying circumventions and closing loopholes." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (2019): e028506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028506.
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ObjectivesUK standardised packaging legislation was introduced alongside pack size and product descriptor restrictions of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive to end tobacco marketing and misinformation via the pack. This paper aims to assess compliance with the restrictions and identify attempts to continue to market tobacco products and perpetuate misperceptions of harm post legislation.Design, setting and interventionA prospective study of the introduction of standardised packaging of tobacco products to the UK.Participants and outcomesWe analysed commercial sales data to assess whether the legally required changes in pack branding, size and name were implemented. To explore any adaptations to products and packaging we analysed sales data, monthly pack purchases of factory-made (FM) cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, tobacco advertisements from retail trade magazines and articles on tobacco from commercial literature (retail trade, market analyst and tobacco company publications).ResultsOne month after full implementation of the UK and European Union policies, 97% FM and 98% RYO was sold in compliant packaging. Nevertheless, tobacco companies made adaptations to tobacco products which enabled continued brand differentiation after the legislation came into force. For example, flavour names previously associated with low tar were systematically changed to colour names arguably facilitating continued misperceptions about the relative harms of products. Tobacco companies used the 1-year sell-through to their advantage by communicating brand name changes and providing financial incentives for retailers to buy large volumes of branded packs. In addition, tobacco companies continued to market their products to retailers and customers by innovating exemptions to the legislation, namely, filters, packaging edges, seals, multipack outers, RYO accessories, cigars and pipe tobacco.ConclusionsTobacco companies adapted to packaging restrictions by innovating their tobacco products and marketing activities. These findings should enable policy makers globally to close loopholes and increase the potential efficacy of standardised packaging policies.
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Komiya, Nozomi, and Jun Nakamura. "Exploring the Types of Casinos Preferred in Japan via Conjoint Analysis of Relevant Words." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8632892.
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A word can carry different meanings for different people. Conjoint analysis was applied to assess preferences for various words describing integrated resorts (IR) including casinos, to be introduced in Japan in the future. We discuss how the participants understood particular words (e.g., a specific casino’s place name or wording regarding restrictions on betting) that define the characteristics of a casino, as well as how casino-related words influenced participants’ preferences. Implications for enhancing public understanding of casinos are explored in the conclusion.
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Ianni, Aldo, and Nicola Rossi. "SIR-PID: A Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller for COVID-19 Outbreak Containment." Physics 3, no. 3 (2021): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3030031.
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Ongoing social restrictions, including social distancing and lockdown, adopted by many countries to inhibit spread of the the COVID-19 epidemic, must attempt to find a trade-off between induced economic damage, healthcare system collapse, and the costs in terms of human lives. Applying and removing restrictions on a system with a given latency as represented by an epidemic outbreak (and formally comparable with mechanical inertia), may create critical instabilities, overshoots, and strong oscillations in the number of infected people around the desirable set-point, defined in a practical way as the maximum number of hospitalizations acceptable by a given healthcare system. A good understanding of the system reaction to any change of the input control variable can be reasonably achieved using a proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID), which is a widely used technique in various physics and technological applications. In this paper, this control theory to is proposed to be applied epidemiology, to understand the reaction of COVID-19 propagation to social restrictions and to reduce epidemic damages through the correct tuning of the containment policy. Regarding the synthesis of this interdisciplinary approach, the extended to the susceptible–infectious–recovered (SIR) model name “SIR-PID” is suggested.
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Schmitz-Burgard, Sylvia. "FASHIONING MIND OR BODY: WOMEN’S CHOICES IN 1736." Daphnis 42, no. 1 (2013): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-90001132.
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Luise Gottsched, who was widely known in her time, was a prolific writer, yet hardly any of her texts appeared under her name. The play analyzed here appeared anonymously after her wedding and caused lively debate. However, criticism focused mainly on the religious content while overlooking the significance of the fashion allusions in Gottsched’s cultural criticism. Luise Gottsched wanted to enlighten all Germans about the restrictions imposed on women by addressing the various attempts by women to become a subject instead of remaining a cipher.
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Ustinov, Andrey N., and Ekaterina M. Yakimova. "Constitutional Consolidation of the Name of the Russian State: On Applicability of Abbreviations in Legal Acts." State power and local self-government 1 (January 21, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-1-8-11.
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The rules of law require the drafters of legal instruments to comply with certain principles, including the correct use of abbreviations or abbreviations in order to uniformly interpret the content of a legal act. The question of whether it is possible to use the abbreviation of the Russian Federation as an abbreviation for “Russian Federation” is controversial, the substantive side of this issue reflects an ambiguous attitude towards the use in legal acts of any abbreviations or abbreviations. On various examples, including constitutional regulation of this issue in the Soviet period, modern judicial practice, the authors conclude that there is no direct ban on the use of the abbreviation of the Russian Federation, however, public authorities in local acts can establish restrictions on its use.
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Gameiro, Luís, Carlos Senna, and Miguel Luís. "ndnIoT-FC: IoT Devices as First-Class Traffic in Name Data Networks." Future Internet 12, no. 11 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12110207.
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In recent years we have been assisting a radical change in the way devices are connected to the Internet. In this new scope, the traditional TCP/IP host-centric network fails in large-scale mobile wireless distributed environments, such as IoT scenarios, due to node mobility, dynamic topologies and intermittent connectivity, and the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm has been considered the most promising candidate to overcome the drawbacks of host-centric architectures. Despite bringing efficient solutions for content distribution, the basic ICN operating principle, where content must always be associated with an interest, has serious restrictions in IoT environments in relation to scale, performance, and naming, among others. To address such drawbacks, we are presenting ndnIoT-FC, an NDN-based architecture that respects the ICN rules but offers special treatment for IoT traffic. It combines efficient hybrid naming with strategies to minimize the number of interests and uses caching strategies that virtually eliminates copies of IoT data from intermediate nodes. The ndnIoT-FC makes available new NDN-based application-to-application protocol to implement a signature model operation and tools to manage its life cycle, following a publisher-subscriber scheme. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed architecture, we show the results of the efficient gathering of environmental information in a simulation environment considering different and distinct use cases.
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Guelke, Adrian. "The Northern Ireland Peace Process and the War against Terrorism: Conflicting Conceptions?" Government and Opposition 42, no. 3 (2007): 272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00224.x.
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AbstractPreserving Northern Ireland's peace process in the midst of a war against international terrorism has presented the British government with a series of dilemmas at the level of political rhetoric, policy-making and legislation. The peace process demands adherence to human rights standards to provide a foundation for the new political dispensation, while an implication of the necessity for a war against terrorism is that restrictions on liberty are justifiable in the name of security against the backdrop of the existence of an emergency. These conflicting conceptions for addressing political violence at the national and international level are addressed.
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Dries, Lou van den. "On the elementary theory of restricted elementary functions." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 3 (1988): 796–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274572.
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As a contribution to definability theory in the spirit of Tarski's classical work on (R, <, 0, 1, +, ·) we extend here part of his results to the structureHere exp ∣[0, 1] and sin ∣[0, π] are the restrictions of the exponential and sine function to the closed intervals indicated; formally we identify these restricted functions with their graphs and regard these as binary relations on R. The superscript “RE” stands for “restricted elementary” since, given any elementary function, one can in general only define certain restrictions of it in RRE.Let (RRE, constants) be the expansion of RRE obtained by adding a name for each real number to the language. We can now formulate our main result as follows.Theorem. (RRE, constants) is strongly model-complete.This means that every formula ϕ(X1, …, Xm) in the natural language of (RRE, constants) is equivalent to an existential formulawith the extra property that for each x ∈ Rm such that ϕ(x) is true in RRE there is exactly one y ∈ Rn such that ψ(x, y) is true in RRE. (Here ψ is quantifier free.)
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Pedersen, Ole W. "The Janus-Head of Human Rights and Climate Change: Adaptation and Mitigation." Nordic Journal of International Law 80, no. 4 (2011): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x598427.
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AbstractThis article examines the role human rights instruments play when states seek to adopt regulatory initiatives in the name of addressing climate change. The article argues that a series of important restrictions exist. Governments responding to climate change need to take into account existing human rights. This observation is particularly relevant for countries implementing Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) projects and for countries taking part in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects under the Kyoto Protocol. The article likewise argues that special human rights obligations arise in relation to the risks associated with climate change. These place on states a responsibility to secure risk assessment and risk communication while taking steps to mitigate climate change-associated risks. While the article considers these requirements to constitute an absolute minimum, it is argued that they can offer a way of securing that national governments are accountable when it comes to climate change responses. On the other hand, it will be shown that these human rights restrictions will sometimes have the potential to run counter to the adoption of effective climate change responses.
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Ganesh, S. R., T. Nandhini, V. Deepak Samuel, et al. "Marine snakes of Indian coasts: historical resume, systematic checklist, toxinology, status, and identification key." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 1 (2019): 13132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3981.11.1.13132-13150.
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We compile an up-to-date checklist of 26 species of marine snakes known from the Indian coastlines. We furnish information on the original orthography, authorship, date of publication, current binominal representation, synonymy and chresonymy lists for each recognized taxon. In addition, we provide details of name-bearing types, repository and type locality (both original and subsequent restrictions where applicable) of the prevailing nomen for all recognized species. We summarise the history of research on Indian marine snakes from Linnaeus to the present day, including taxonomic and regional treatises, and highlight the taxonomic flux. We also provide a revised key for this group to facilitate easier identification and support effective conservation.
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Brennan, Carol. "Re Guardian and News Media Ltd in HM Treasury v Mohammed Jabar Ahmed [2010] UKSC 1." Denning Law Journal 22, no. 1 (2012): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v22i1.360.
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WHAT’S IN A NAME?In this case the newly constituted Supreme Court adjudicated upon anonymity orders granted in respect of the appellants, who had been the subjects of asset-freezing orders imposed under anti-terrorism legislation. The complex set of facts gave the Court the opportunity to consider the influence of the competing rights under articles 8 and 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) upon the pressing issue of restrictions on reporting of publicly conducted legal proceedings. The decision of the Court constitutes a reassertion of the importance of press freedom, underpinned by article 10, as an essential component of open justice.
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Hassanati, Fatemeh, Zahra Sadat Ghoreishi, Reza Nilipour, Abbas Pourshahbaz, and Mohammad Momenian. "Lexical Access in Persian Speaking Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment." Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal 11, no. 5 (2020): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.9.10.110.
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Introduction: Word retrieval problems are among the limitations observed in children with specific language impairment during the initial schooling years. These restrictions are predictive of reading problems and poor performance at school. Additionally, studies on lexical access in Persian speaking children are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare naming accuracy and latency in children with and without specific language impairment. Methods: Twenty 7-9-year-old children with specific language impairment and 20 age-matched peers were recruited as the study participants. They were requested to name the 128 black and white line-drawing pictures from a Persian picture naming set for children, as rapidly as possible. We compared the effects of psycholinguistic variables on naming latency in the explored children with and without specific language impairment. Results: Linear mixed-effects modeling presented an interaction between the research groups and the psycholinguistic variables. Significant main effects were found for name agreement (P≤0.00) and the age of acquisition (P=0.05) in children with typical language development; significant effects for name agreement (P≤0.00) and log frequency (P≤0.00) were revealed in children with specific language impairment. Conclusion: The obtained models indicated that psycholinguistic factors could differently affect the naming latency in children with and without specific language impairment. Factors that may have accounted for the findings are discussed in this paper.
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Connoy, Laura. "In the Name of Humanitarianism: The Interim Federal Health Program and the Irregularization of Refugee Claimants." Refuge 34, no. 2 (2018): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055577ar.
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Since 1957 Canada’s Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) has provided health-care coverage to refugee populations. However, from June 2012 to April 2016 the program was drastically revised in ways that restricted or denied access to health-care coverage, specifically to refugee claimants—persons who have fed their country and made an asylum claim in another country. One of the main intentions of the revision was to protect the integrity of Canada’s humanitarian refugee determination system. However, this had a major unintended consequence: within everyday healthcare places like walk-in clinics, doctor’s offices, and hospitals, IFHP recipients were denied access to services, regardless of actual levels of coverage. In this article I analyze how these program restrictions were experienced within Toronto’s everyday health-care places through the concept of irregularization. I discuss how the IFHP, as a humanitarian health-care program, problematizes the presence of refugee claimants in ways that created experiences of vulnerability, insecurity, and anxiety. Building on this view, I conclude with a discussion of how activists who sought to draw attention to the experiences of refugee claimants in the aftermath of the IFHP revisions closed of truly transformative pathways toward social justice.
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Handyside, Fiona. "Girlhood, postfeminism and contemporary female art-house authorship." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 10 (December 16, 2015): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.10.02.
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Both Sofia Coppola and Mia Hansen-Løve’s first three films can be understood as trilogies of female coming of age. These are thematic or conceptual trilogies, declared as such after the fact by their directors, and thus a self-conscious declaration of authorial agency, but the trilogy itself is not given a definitive name. This article explores the complex position these trilogies thus occupy. On the one hand, they testify to the impact of feminist activism and theorising on filmmaking, as they demonstrate the creative power and autonomy of the postfeminist auteur. On the other, they concentrate on narrow, girlish worlds, and remain marked by hesitancy and containment, demonstrating the persistent restrictions for women within postfeminist cultural norms.
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Метлицька, О. І., та К. В. Копилова. "ПОЛІМОРФІЗМ МІТОХОНДРІАЛЬНОЇ ДНК ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ ГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ І ПІДВИДОВОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ БДЖІЛ". Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, № 2 (28 червня 2012): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2012.02.23.
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Визначене спільне еволюційне походження україн-ської, карпатської і кавказької бджіл за COI-COIIлокусом мтДНК, що дозволяє віднести названіпідвиди до середземноморської гілки С. Наявністьу популяціях українських бджіл лише мітохондріа-льного гаплотипу Q свідчить про відсутність по-місних сімей, метизованих бджолами середньоро-сійської породи. Безпідставність застарілих уяв-лень щодо українських бджіл як екотипу темноїєвропейської бджоли під назвою Apis melliferaacervorum вимагає перегляду їх таксономічноїкласифікації, згідно запропонованої М. Engel Apismellifera sossimai. Встановлений відносний консер-ватизм міжгенної ділянки COI-COII шляхом рест-риктного аналізу може бути зумовлений функціо-нальною важливістю даного генетичного локусу.
 The generality of an evolutionary origin Ukrainian, Carpathiansand the Caucasian bees on locus COI-COII mtDNA is establishedthat reference of the named subspecies to C Mediterraneanbranch in populations of the Ukrainian bees only mitochondrionhaplotype Q allows testifies to absence hybrids families,crossbreeded by bees of Central Russian breed. Groundlessnessof out-of-date representations about the Ukrainian beesas ecotypes a dark European bee under name Apis melliferaacervorum demands their revision taxonomy classification accordingto offered in M. Engel Apis mellifera sossimai. Theestablished relative conservatism of intergenic site COI-COII away restrictions the analysis can be caused functional importanceof the given genetic locus.
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Husband, E. Matthew. "Speaking of death." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1754 (2018): 20180172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0172.
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As a human-specific trait, language offers a unique window on human cognition. Grammatical constraints on the ways we speak about events, for instance, have long been thought to reveal the representational formats that our minds impose on the ways that we think about events. In recent research, verbs that name events of death have stood out as key counterexamples to standard theories of the grammatical constraints on possible verbs. The special status of these thanatological verbs raises two important questions: why, given the vast number of verbs in any language, is it that verbs of death hold this special status, and what do they tell us about the restrictions on the representational format for possible verbs? This paper reexamines the evidence coming from verbs of death, confirming that they are counterexamples to standard theories, but that their behaviour suggests a more revealing constraint on our mental representations—that our minds impose strict restrictions on the format of asserted meaning. Thus, the constraints on linguistic representation and the human mind offer a unique perspective on the mental representations of thanatological phenomena. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals’.
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MONASTYRSKAYA, Marina Ye. "“RESLOBODIZATION” OF CITIES AS AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHALLENGE OF THE CONTEMPORARY. PART II: PRECONDITIONS, ALGORITHMS, RESULTS." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 2 (2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.02.17.
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The article (part II) contains the results of studying the features of adaptation of the living environment of the population of the largest city to the vital challenges of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The verifi cation of the working hypothesis and the detailing of the main provisions formulated in the fi rst part of the article (see “Urban planning and architecture”. 2021, no. 1) were carried out on the example of an ordinary St. Petersburg locus, actively developed by the townspeople who observed the regimes of self-isolation, partial lifting of strict restrictions and minimal restrictions (2020), which is located within the boundaries of the former sett lement of the Life Guards Semyonovsky regiment, which gave the name to the historical district of the city “Sementsy” and the municipal district “Semyonovsky” (Admiralteisky district of St. Petersburg). In the course of the study, a relationship was established between the immanent properties and parameters of the transformed urban sett lement (territorial- urban-planning, situational-genesis, compositional planning, architectural-spatial, social-functional) and its “anti-epidemiological” potential, realized by the local population and the authorities in the conditions of “pandemic reality” by methods of social self-regulation and centralized management.
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Henrard, Kristin. "Integration reasoning at the ECtHR: Challenging the boundaries of minorities’ citizenship." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 38, no. 1 (2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0924051920901371.
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This contribution zooms in on a particularly disconcerting development in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, that is visible in several recent cases brought by religious minorities with a migrant background, in which the Court accepts – in the name of (requirements for) integration – far-reaching restrictions on the rights of these religious minorities with a migrant background to be respected in their own religiously inspired way of life. The Court furthermore glosses over a context of Islamophobia and related stereotypes, thus failing to identify and counter instances of discrimination on grounds of religion. The article argues that the ECtHR in these cases not only drifts away from the counter-majoritarian core of human rights protection, turning several of its steady lines of jurisprudence favourable to (the effective protection of) minorities’ fundamental rights on their head, but also allows States to basically push religious minorities with a migrant background out of the public space/public schools, in the name of social integration – an integrated society. Ultimately, States are contesting the substantive citizenship of religious minorities with a migrant background and the Court, unfortunately, enables them to exclude and marginalise these religious minorities with a migrant background. The Court thus disregards the foundational value of the right to equal treatment for the human rights paradigm, and moves away from an equal and inclusive citizenship. Put differently, the Court enables governments to dress up Islamophobic, exclusionary agenda’s with a human face, thus challenging the boundaries of citizenship in the name of ‘integration’.
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Nascimento, Regina A., Jose S. Possomato-Vieira, Giselle F. Bonacio, Elen Rizzi, and Carlos A. Dias-Junior. "Reductions of Circulating Nitric Oxide are Followed by Hypertension during Pregnancy and Increased Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in Rats." Cells 8, no. 11 (2019): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8111402.
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Hypertensive pregnancy has been associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO), bioavailability, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, it is unclear if MMPs activation is regulated by NO during pregnancy. To this end, we examined activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in plasma, placenta, uterus and aorta, NO bioavailability, oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fetal-placental development at the early, middle, and late pregnancy stages in normotensive and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive pregnancy in rats. Reduced MMP-2 activity in uterus, placenta, and aorta and reduced MMP-9 activity in plasma and placenta with concomitant increased NO levels were found in normotensive pregnant rats. By contrast, increased MMP-2 activity in uterus, placenta, and aorta, and increased MMP-9 activity in plasma and placenta with concomitant reduced NO levels were observed in hypertensive pregnant rats. Also, elevated oxidative stress was displayed by hypertensive pregnant rats at the middle and late stages. These findings in the L-NAME-treated pregnant rats were also followed by increases in SBP and associated with fetal growth restrictions at the middle and late pregnancy stages. We concluded that NO bioavailability may regulate MMPs activation during normal and hypertensive pregnancy.
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Fedotova, T. V. "Ergonomical nomination sources." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2018-2-98-104.
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The article is executed from the position of development of the actual phenomenon in modern linguistics, which is the proprietary nomination forming the regional onomastic picture of the world. The author analyses the linguistic and semiotic aspect of ergonomov of Krasnodar based on the theory of reference, theory of the bilateral linguistic sign. The main conclusions made by the author suggest that the logic of the onomastic nomination is based on the systems of the basic units and their forming parts. This interaction allows you to extract the information contained in the name of your own, for the purpose of further use of this information in the interpretation of the secondary nomination.The result of the analysis of ergonomic units was the statement that the identification of the basic lexeme takes place against the background of additional information about the object: the type of object and its correlation with other objects; lexical and semantic restrictions within the semantic microsystem; the perception of the name by the person and his motivational reflection about this name.The main criteria of motivation of the nominator when choosing or creating a name of its own are detected in the article: defining the strategy for the selection of priority motif; choice of preferring their own names, which reflect the perceptive interaction with the environment; the choice of names by their function and social purpose; the choice of onims by the usual evaluations, emotions, and visual images which they express. The corresponding motivation is formed in relation to certain objects in the minds of the society members or its individual socio-role groups in a certain historical period.
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Gratale, Stefanie K., Erin K. Maloney, and Joseph N. Cappella. "Regulating language, not inference: an examination of the potential effectiveness of Natural American Spirit advertising restrictions." Tobacco Control 28, e1 (2019): e43-e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054707.
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ObjectiveIn 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reached an agreement with Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company (SFNTC) stipulating that SFNTC will remove ‘natural’ and ‘additive-free’ from Natural American Spirit (NAS) marketing to combat misperceptions that NAS is a healthier cigarette. The purpose of this study was to assess experimentally the potential effectiveness of the agreement in addressing NAS misperceptions.MethodsIn an online experiment, 820 current and former smokers were assigned randomly to advertising conditions with existing claims from NAS advertisements, modified claims or a no-exposure control. Advertising conditions included (1) ‘original’ NAS advertising text before the agreement; (2) ‘2017 agreement’ language permissible under the FDA–SFNTC agreement (removing ‘natural’, ‘additive-free’); (3) more restrictive (‘stricter’) language representing additional regulation (removing ‘natural’ from the brand name and the phrases ‘tobacco+water’, ‘no chemicals’). Participants completed outcome measures assessing misinformed beliefs and intentions towards NAS.ResultsOne-way ANOVA showed that relative to the ‘original’ language, the ‘2017 agreement’ language reduced misconceptions about NAS addictiveness, but not about health or constituent composition. Yet ‘stricter’ language significantly reduced all categories of misinformed beliefs, which in turn mediated effects on (lower) intentions to use NAS.ConclusionThe 2017 agreement helps dispel some misconceptions about NAS addictiveness, but does not sufficiently rectify misinformation about health or composition. Since ‘stricter’ language more effectively corrects misinformed beliefs, our results suggest the need for further regulations in addressing misinformation that drives intentions towards NAS.
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Gray, Anthony Davidson. "Public Servants and the Implied Freedom of Political Communication." Federal Law Review 49, no. 1 (2021): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x20973477.
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The High Court of Australia recently overturned a tribunal decision in favour of a public servant who was dismissed after sending tweets critical of various politicians and government policies. All members of the Court found the relevant provisions were valid and did not infringe the implied freedom of political communication. This article first discusses development of freedom of speech at common law, through development in ideas about governance from a Hobbesian tradition to a Lockean model of representative government. Notions of representative government underpinned earlier High Court decisions on freedom of political communication, reflecting values such as the sovereignty of the people, accountability and informed decisions at election time. The article then considers restrictions on the ability of public servants to contribute to public debate in that light. Scholars and courts elsewhere have recognised the important contribution public servants can make to representative democracy. The recent decision pays insufficient interest to such contributions and is too willing to accept government arguments as to the need to suppress opinion by public servants in the name of an apolitical and independent public service, without considering counter arguments in terms of democracy, and without sufficient evidence of actual or likely interference with government functions. The proportionality analysis undertaken by the court was inadequate in its failure to do so. Whilst the freedom of communication of public servants is not absolute, restrictions must be narrowly confined and fully justified. Neither test was satisfied in this case.
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Zeng, Wenjing, Rui Tang, Haizhou Wang, Xingshu Chen, and Wenxian Wang. "User Identification Based on Integrating Multiple User Information across Online Social Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533417.
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User identification can help us build more comprehensive user information. It has been attracting much attention from academia. Most of the existing works are profile-based user identification and relationship-based user identification. Due to user privacy settings and social network restrictions on user data crawl, user data may be missing or incomplete in real social networks. User data include profiles, user-generated contents (UGCs), and relationships. The features extracted in previous research may be sparse. In order to reduce the impact of the above problems on user identification, we propose a multiple user information user identification framework (MUIUI). Firstly, we develop multiprocess crawlers to obtain the user data from two popular social networks, Twitter and Facebook. Secondly, we use named entity recognition and entity linking to obtain and integrate locations and organizations from profiles and UGCs. We also extract URLs from profiles and UGCs. We apply the locations jointly with the relationships and develop several algorithms to measure the similarity of the display name, all locations, all organizations, location in profile, all URLs, following organizations, and user ID, respectively. Afterward, we propose a fusion classifier machine learning-based user identification method. The results show that the F1 score of MUIUI reaches 86.46% on the dataset. It proves that MUIUI can reduce the impact of user data that are missing or incomplete.
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Caianiello, Michele. "Criminal Appeals in Europe: The Perspective of the Defence." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 24, no. 4 (2016): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-24042097.
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This paper is focused on the appeal system in criminal justice, in a comparative perspective, considered from the standpoint of the defendant. Most part of the directives adopted after the 2009 Stockholm Programme in the afsj area involve issues related to the appeal stage. Appeal represents an instrument prevailingly conceived in favour of the defence. This pro-defence inclination of the appeal bears some relevant risk for the effectivity of the system, under the viewpoint of law enforcement. Some restrictions to avoid destructive strategies by the defence can be accepted. However, legal instruments devoted to preserve the self-integrity of the proceedings must be used with extreme caution. The risk is that an excessive recourse to such provisions might lead the system to disregard procedural legality, and the values protected by procedural rules, in the name of an effective ascertainment of the substantial truth.
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Chakravorty, Indranil. "What's in a Name? Why it is of vital importance to get the pronunciation right?" Sushruta Journal of Health Policy & Opinion 14, no. 2 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/14.2.12.
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Health services across the world are on the one hand the most regulated of all professions, the workforce planning is the most advanced and the restrictions on licence to practice most stringent, especially across borders- yet the workforce is dependent on the ability of large scale movement of professionals across nation-states. The UK NHS has over 41% of its doctors and a quarter of all nurses who were born / trained overseas. This is not much different to many other advanced health systems.
 It is also recognised that patient outcomes, recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals who are in great demand depends on autonomy, job satisfaction and a sense of value, equality and a just environment.
 A fundamental tenet of equality, celebrating diversity and inclusion is how organisation or society deals with the immigrant professionals or ‘foreigners’. The ability to correctly pronounce ‘foreign’ names is one of the fundamental and most obvious demonstration of respect one accords to a fellow human.
 There is a long standing practice of transfiguring foreign sounding names to anglicised or westernized versions for ease of use. The westernization of foreign names is predominantly imposed by the dominant segments of populations on those considered inferior. There is clear evidence of social inequalities linked to one’s race, ethnicity, immigration and gender. Transfiguring one’s name is a clear example of such discrimination, microaggression and a form of bias.
 It is time that we understood the impact of such microaggressions of colleagues and our patients. It should be vital for all professionals to take the time and attention needed to get the pronunciation right and in the process understand the cultural diversity, identity and demonstrate due respect and equality. It is also imperative on those of us with foreign sounding names that we help colleagues navigate the rich heritage of our culture and identity and do so with humility. It can only then be a win-win for all.
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OKOLOCHA, H. OBY, and LENDZEMO CONSTANTINE YUKA. "Neologism and Dual Gender Status." Matatu 47, no. 1 (2016): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000393.
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Wazobia, the name of the female king in Tess Onwueme’s play The Reign of Wazobia, is a neologism derived from Yorùbá, Igbó, and Hausa respectively, the three dominant languages in Nigeria. Motivated by the relevance of Onwueme’s lexical selection and the socio-political contexts in which the play is set, the essay relies on pragmatic contexts of language usage to analyse the coinage of the name to ascertain whether it dramatizes a political attempt to advocate unity between the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The essay also interrogates Wazobia’s dual gender status, and the feminist implications of the fact that she does not rule as a woman but as either a man or an androgynous figure. Wazobia’s dual gender and the illegal extension of her three-year regency raise a number of questions, some of which appear to contradict Onwueme’s well-articulated feminist stance. The essay shows that the neologism of Wazobia is largely restricted to a feminist stance, canvassing intra-gender unity among all Nigerian women as a prerequisite for attaining power and emergence into politics and spaces of leadership. Wazobia’s gender duality is interpreted as Onwueme’s rejection of gender-associated restrictions. This dual status also embodies socio-political implications for unity in the male/female divide, and the Igbóo/Hausa/Yorùbá division. The work interprets the favourable treatment of Wazobia’s tyranny as Onwueme’s feminist bias and political aspirations for women.
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Rochman, Afifur. "Mediating Shari’a and Religious Freedom: The Case of the So-Called False Prophet in Indonesia." Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/religio.v10i1.1306.
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Indonesia’s religious blasphemy law has been used to restrict the religious freedom of the so-called false prophet (nabi palsu). The prominent examples are Lia Eden and Ahmad Musadeq, to name but a few. They were previously Muslim and later maintain their prophethood respectively, claiming to be the heir of preceding prophets, most notably within the Abrahamic religions. Referring to this law, both Eden and Musadeq are arrested for the charge of blasphemy against religion. This article seeks to examine the phenomenon of Indonesian prophets from the perspective of Shari’a and human rights to religious freedom in the Indonesian context. Can both Shari’a and the Human Rights accommodate the Indonesian prophethood? This article aims at reconciling the two different viewpoints in favor of the realization of justice and equality regardless of religious identity. The reconciliation I propose implies evaluating permissible restrictions of religious freedom within the Indonesian legal framework that takes religious values into consideration.
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Bokek-Cohen, Ya’arit, and Smadar Ben-Asher. "The Double Exclusion of Bedouin War Widows." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 25, no. 1 (2018): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02501007.
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We critically examine the officially declared policy vis-a-vis the actual fulfilment of minorities’ equal rights in Israel. According to the theory of democratic exclusion, minority groups are tacitly disadvantaged despite formal policies and laws aimed at ensuring equality. We showcase this phenomenon in a hitherto unstudied minority sector in Israel, namely Bedouin Israel Defence Forces (idf) war widows. Analysis of in-depth interviews has led us to expose a failure to take the unique religious and cultural imperatives and restrictions into consideration, as well as a paradox of Bedouin war widows’ entitlement to equal rights while reporting suffering discrimination, exclusion, and marginalisation. In the name of these silenced Israeli citizens we call this severe violation of civil rights to public awareness and propose some practical suggestions as to how to adjust the provision of treatment and support to their cultural features, in order to truly adhere to the democratic vision.
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Ivanova, Veselina, Deyan Pavlov, Tolya Assenova, et al. "COVID-19 pandemic impact on the pharmaceutical sector in Bulgaria." Pharmacia 68, no. 3 (2021): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71638.
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In December, 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a new, unknown strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 was identified. The virus has spread rapidly to other countries around the world, among which the most affected were Italy, Spain and the United States. As a result, in March 2020 The WHO has declared the new coronavirus epidemic a global pandemic. Despite timely measures and efforts to reduce morbidity, up to date, confirmed cases are 119,452,269, while the number of deaths reached 2,647,662 people. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all areas of human life – health, social, economic. In each of them, a number of restrictions and obligations were imposed, including wearing of masks, use of disinfectants, education in an online environment, limited work in restaurants and shops. The health sector was particularly affected, and all actors in the pharmaceutical system had to reorganize and adapt their activities in the name of a common goal – ending the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Farley, Shannon M., Kevin RJ Schroth, Victoria Grimshaw, et al. "Flavour chemicals in a sample of non-cigarette tobacco products without explicit flavour names sold in New York City in 2015." Tobacco Control 27, no. 2 (2017): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053552.
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BackgroundYouth who experiment with tobacco often start with flavoured products. In New York City (NYC), local law restricts sales of all tobacco products with ‘characterising flavours’ except for ‘tobacco, menthol, mint and wintergreen’. Enforcement is based on packaging: explicit use of a flavour name (eg, ‘strawberry’) or image depicting a flavour (eg, a fruit) is presumptive evidence that a product is flavoured and therefore prohibited. However, a tobacco product may contain significant levels of added flavour chemicals even when the label does not explicitly use a flavour name.MethodsSixteen tobacco products were purchased within NYC in 2015 that did not have explicit flavour names, along with three with flavour names. These were analysed for 92 known flavour chemicals plus triacetin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results14 of the 16 products had total determined flavour chemical levels that were higher (>0.3 mg/g) than in previously studied flavour-labelled products and of a chemical profile indicating added flavour chemicals.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the tobacco industry has responded to sales restrictions by renaming flavoured products to avoid explicitly identifying them as flavoured. While chemical analysis is the most precise means of identifying flavours in tobacco products, federal tobacco laws pre-empt localities from basing regulations on that approach, limiting enforcement options. If the Food and Drug Administration would mandate that all tobacco products must indicate when flavourings are present above a specific level, local jurisdictions could enforce their sales restrictions. A level of 0.1 mg/g for total added flavour chemicals is suggested here as a relevant reference value for regulating added flavour chemicals in tobacco products.
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Fedoruk, Oles. "Censor History of Kulish’s Novel “The Black Council”: Introductional Remarks." Слово і Час, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.08.30-45.
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A censor history is one of the most important issues in the textual study of Kulish’s novel “The Black Council”. However, this problem has never been considered before by the Ukrainian scholars, and even more general issue, i.e. “Kulish and the Censorship”, was not involved much into the field of research. This paper gives an introduction to this topic shedding some light on the censor history of “The Black Council”.Relations between Kulish and the tsarist censorship in different times were ambiguous which was caused by several reasons. The first one was individual approach of the censors to his works which might be connected, in particular, with the trial of Saints Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood (1847). Other reason was general persecution of the Ukrainian literature, especially after the Ems Ukase (1876). In order to circumvent censorship Kulish published his works also abroad. Before Kulish was arrested he wrote his works without paying particular attention to the censorship.
 The first writer’s concerns about possible restrictions that might be imposed on his works by the censorship arose with the novel “The Black Council”. Kulish’s arrest radically changed circumstances of his life and creative activity. Until 1856 he had to submit his works to prior censorship consideration and used pseudonym Nikolai M. (the name of his friend Nikolai Makarov) to avoid these restrictions. The Third Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Personal Chancellery allowed Kulish to publish his works on the base of the general censor regulations only in April 1856. In a short time Kulish sent the manuscript of “The Black Council” to the censorship committee.
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Abriola, Sergio, Pablo Barceló, Diego Figueira, and Santiago Figueira. "Bisimulations on Data Graphs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 61 (January 27, 2018): 171–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5637.
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Bisimulation provides structural conditions to characterize indistinguishability from an external observer between nodes on labeled graphs. It is a fundamental notion used in many areas, such as verification, graph-structured databases, and constraint satisfaction. However, several current applications use graphs where nodes also contain data (the so called "data graphs"), and where observers can test for equality or inequality of data values (e.g., asking the attribute 'name' of a node to be different from that of all its neighbors). The present work constitutes a first investigation of "data aware" bisimulations on data graphs. We study the problem of computing such bisimulations, based on the observational indistinguishability for XPath ---a language that extends modal logics like PDL with tests for data equality--- with and without transitive closure operators. We show that in general the problem is PSpace-complete, but identify several restrictions that yield better complexity bounds (coNP, PTime) by controlling suitable parameters of the problem, namely the amount of non-locality allowed, and the class of models considered (graphs, DAGs, trees). In particular, this analysis yields a hierarchy of tractable fragments.
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Cooper, Miguel, Edson Roberto Teramoto, Pablo Vidal-Torrado, and Gerd Sparovek. "Learning soil classification with the Kayapó indians." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 6 (2005): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000600016.
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The Kayapó Xicrin do Cateté (Xicrin) indigenous reserve is located within the Amazon forest in Pará (Brazil). The Xicrins have developed a soil classification system that is incorporated in their language and culture. The etymology of their classification system and its logical structure makes it similar and comparable with modern soil classification. The etymology of the Xicrin's language is based on the junction of radicals to form words for different soil names. The name of the soil is formed by the main noun radical "puka", to which adjectives referring to soil morphological attributes are added. Modern classification systems are also based on similar morphological variables, and analytical support for defining boundaries of chemical or physical soil attributes are important only in lower hierarchical levels. Soil scientists have developed a soil classification system that is sensitive for the restrictions and potentialities the soil will show for modern agriculture. The Xicrins classify soils for what is important for their life style, i.e. a harmonic and friendly life with the resources they gain from the forest.
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Fionda, Valeria, and Gianluigi Greco. "LTL on Finite and Process Traces: Complexity Results and a Practical Reasoner." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 63 (November 23, 2018): 557–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11256.
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Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a modal logic where formulas are built over temporal operators relating events happening in different time instants. According to the standard semantics, LTL formulas are interpreted on traces spanning over an infinite timeline. However, applications related to the specification and verification of business processes have recently pointed out the need for defining and reasoning about a variant of LTL, which we name LTLp, whose semantics is defined over process traces, that is, over finite traces such that, at each time instant, precisely one propositional variable (standing for the execution of some given activity) evaluates true.
 The paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings of LTLp and of a related logic formalism, named LTLf, which had already attracted attention in the literature and where formulas have the same syntax as in LTLp and are evaluated over finite traces, but without any constraint on the number of variables simultaneously evaluating true. The two formalisms are comparatively analyzed, by pointing out similarities and differences. In addition, a thorough complexity analysis has been conducted for reasoning problems about LTLp and LTLf, by considering arbitrary formulas as well as classes of formulas defined in terms of restrictions on the temporal operators that are allowed. Finally, based on the theoretical findings of the paper, a practical reasoner specifically tailored for LTLp and LTLf has been developed by leveraging state-of-the-art SAT solvers. The behavior of the reasoner has been experimentally compared with other systems available in the literature.
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Pokalchuk, O. Y. "The Right of Persons Who Have Undergone Sex Reassignment (Correction) Procedure for Cryopreserved Sperm, Oocytes, Embryons, Biological Material Disposal." Medicne pravo, no. 27(1) (February 22, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/medicallaw2021.01.091.
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Nowadays, the reproductive sphere and the institute of family are at the stage of rapid development and transformation. Despite rather wide and solid scientific base of studies of assisted reproductive technologies, it should be stated that scientific interest is low in issues of access to the reproductive rights for particular categories of individuals, as well as there is lack of legal support for the application of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. The issue of access to their own biological material for individuals who have undergone the sex reassignment (correction) procedure has been considered by describing two practical examples. It has been proposed to amend the list of information required from applicants, provided by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 771 dated 23.12.2008, eliminating the requirement to indicate sex, as the sex of an individual is not decisive for exercising the right to dispose of their own biological material. Also, the person is suggested to apply to the court in non-litigious (separate) proceedings to ascertain the fact that the person who has applied to a health care institution for cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos or biological material, and the person who is currently applying for transportation or use of the same cryopreserved sperm, oocytes, embryos or biological material, is the same person. Such proceedings should be held in the same manner as a change of name, surname or patronymic, because the reassignment (correction) of sex does not have legal consequences different from the change of name, surname or patronymic. It has been concluded that there is the need for a research regarding the protection of the right to reproduction for various categories of subjects. Reproductive rights should remain protected and accessible to every person without redundant restrictions that are contrary to human rights.
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Desch, Michael C. "America's Liberal Illiberalism: The Ideological Origins of Overreaction in U.S. Foreign Policy." International Security 32, no. 3 (2008): 7–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7.
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Why has the United States, with its long-standing Liberal tradition, come to embrace the illiberal policies it has in recent years? The conventional wisdom is that al-Qaida's attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent war on terrorism have made America less Liberal. The logic of this argument is straightforward: interstate war has historically undermined domestic liberties, and the war on terrorism is causing the United States to follow this well-worn path. This explanation confronts a puzzle, however: illiberal U.S. policies—including the pursuit of global hegemony, launching of a preventive war, imposition of restrictions on civil liberties in the name of national security, and support for torture under certain circumstances—manifested themselves even before the September 11 terrorist attacks and were embraced across the political spectrum. Indeed, it is precisely American Liberalism that makes the United States so illiberal today. Under certain circumstances, Liberalism itself impels Americans to spread their values around the world and leads them to see the war on terrorism as a particularly deadly type of conflict that can be won only by employing illiberal tactics.
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Gondivkar, Shailesh M., Sachin C. Sarode, Amol R. Gadbail, et al. "Top cited articles on ameloblastoma: A bibliometric analysis." Translational Research in Oral Oncology 4 (January 1, 2019): 2057178X1882101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057178x18821018.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the characteristics of 100 most cited articles on ameloblastoma (AB). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive list of citation classics in AB was generated by searching the Scopus database without year or language restrictions. The top 100 articles were retrieved after reading abstracts or full texts. The following study variables were evaluated: number of citations, citation density, journal name, impact factor, category and quartile of journals, publication year, authors with their affiliations, and article type. Results: The citation number ranged from 76 to 367, with a mean of 122.78 citations per article. The one hundred top cited articles were distributed in 41 journals with Cancer having the highest number of articles ( n = 16). There was a dominance of authors form United States (42 articles). The articles were published from 1955 to 2014, and eight authors published more than three papers. There were 57 research articles and 43 review articles. Conclusions: This first citation analysis provide a detailed list of the most influential articles on AB to help recognize the quality of the works, discoveries, and the trends steering the study of AB.
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Parsono, Slamet. "Analisis Bahasa Kekuasaan pada Biografi Perjalanan 50 Tahun Surya Paloh." SOSIOHUMANITAS 21, no. 2 (2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36555/sosiohumanitas.v21i2.1244.
Full textAbstract:
Media ownership is often used as a tool to perpetuate power to achieve certain political goals. Especially when the tap of a press release business license (SIUPP) was opened as wide as possible since the beginning of the 1998 reforms. From a simple perspective, the freedom to obtain SIUPP brought a breath of fresh air for investors to glance at the lucrative media sector. Don't be surprised if the term media conglomerate then sticks out, that is, mastering the mass media business in all its forms. Furthermore, the tendency of the desire for media ownership is bulging and creating his own work. From the perspective of media politics it is easy to predict that the role of media conglomeration leads to a host of dominant effects that have never been seen before. The work usually manifests in almost all restrictions on press freedom in the name of the interests of the community - and actually serves the special interests of certain groups, groups, groups, ideologies, institutions or individuals. Naughty indeed, the work is getting wilder in the midst of media competition to hunt for ratings.
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Замалютдинова, Эльмира Рафаилевна. "PECULIARITIES OF DESIGNATION OF PERSONS IN THE FUNCTION OF PREDICATES AND SUBJECTS WITH ADJECTIVES IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 2(107) (July 30, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2020.107.2.004.
Full textAbstract:
В статье рассматриваются особенности употребления наименований лица в синтаксических функциях предиката и субъекта с прилагательными в русском и английском языках. Актуальность темы определяется незначительной степенью изученности средств конкретизации наименований лица и средств ограничения их синтаксических функций, особенно в плане сопоставительного анализа разноструктурных языков. Цель статьи - исследование зависимости атрибутивного определения наименования лица от реализации его синтаксической функции в высказывании. Задачей является проведение соответствующего анализа с целью определения ограничений сочетаемости с определениями и ограничений реализации русскими и английскими наименованиями лица синтаксической функции предиката и субъекта. Объектом исследования послужили высказывания, содержащие существительные заявленной семантики, из лингвистических корпусов русского и английского языков. Авторами использованы методы компонентного и дистрибутивного анализа. Работа выполнена в русле исследований пространственной референции Е. В. Падучевой и Н. Д. Арутюновой. Установлено, что предикативный статус наименования лица детерминирован его семантическим значением. Обнаружены сходства и различия в употреблении адъективов-конкретизаторов наименований лица в двух языках: в английском не выявлены наименования лица, для которых невозможна предикативизация. Посредством семантического анализа содержания установлено, что ряд прилагательных, сочетаясь с одним и тем же наименованием лица, репрезентирует разные значения в зависимости от синтаксической функции. This article is devoted to the use of designation of persons in syntactic functions of predicate and subject with adjectives in Russian and English. The relevance of the topic is determined by the insignificant degree of knowledge of the means of concretizing person names and the limitations of their syntactic functions especially in comparative terms. The purpose of the article is to investigate the dependence of person’s name attributive on its possibilities of implementing various syntactic functions in a statement. The task is to conduct an appropriate analysis to determine the limitations of attributive compatibility and the restrictions of the predicate and subject syntactic function implementation by the person names in Russian and English. The study objects are statements from Russian and English linguistic corpus including the nouns of the declared semantics. The article uses the methods of component, distribution analysis. This article is done in line with the researches of spatial reference carried by E. V. Paducheva and N. D. Harutyunova. It is established that the predicative status of a person name is determined by its semantic meaning. Some similarities and differences in the person names use with adjectives in English and Russian are found out - in English statements some person names are not adopted for predicatization. The semantic analysis showed that adjectives combined with the same person name represent different meanings depending on its syntactic function.
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Richardson, LeeAnne. "Michael Field’s “A Dance of Death”." Nordlit 15, no. 2 (2012): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2050.
Full textAbstract:
The 1912 poem "A Dance of Death" by Michael Field (pen name of Katherine Bradley and her niece Edith Cooper) depicts Salome in an alternate version of the biblical story: this Salome dances on a frozen river, falls through the ice, and is decapitated on a jagged edge. Nonetheless, her beautiful head continues dancing over the frozen river. This poem is highly unusual, especially in the context of the other poems in the postconversion volume Poems of Adoration, because it questions, rather than submits to, authority. In re-writing a familiar Christian tale, as well as a familiar decadent theme, Field uses the poem to assert the supremacy of their artistic vision, which (despite their ardent Catholicism) cannot be subject to any law outside themselves. Like the continually dancing head of Salome, which continues to create beauty even after nature (and perhaps God) has struck it down, the poet is subjugate only to her own law and creates without boundaries or restrictions on her art. Bradley and Cooper were acutely aware of their authorial persona (actively taking not only a masculine but also a singular poetic identity), and their mode of reconciling the apparent contradictions of this identity are mirrored in their presentation of Salome in a "Dance of Death."