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1

Gonzales, Carranza Norman Nilovan. "Plan de Negocios para la Implementación de un Negocio Tipo Retail (Tienda de Conveniencia) en el distrito de Santa Anita." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652734.

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El presente Plan de Negocios, para la implementación de un negocio tipo Retail (tienda de conveniencia) en el distrito de Santa Anita, considera el análisis de la historia y como han venido creciendo las tiendas de conveniencia en el ámbito local y global. Asimismo, se evalúa la participación de estas y los niveles de ingresos promedio, en el mercado local, esto último que servirá para determinar un estimado de los ingresos para las proyecciones financieras. Se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa para poder obtener la información que servirá como fuente para la realización del presente plan. Se desarrolla el análisis del macro entorno (PESTEL) donde se evalúan los factores políticos, económicos, sociales, tecnológicos, ecológicos y legales. Asimismo, se desarrolla el análisis del micro entorno, en donde se aplica el análisis FODA (fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas del negocio), y el análisis de las cinco fuerzas de PORTER. Financieramente los resultados son favorables, considerando que para la realización de las proyecciones se han tomado valores conservadores, teniendo en cuenta la situación coyuntural de salud que se vive en el país. El cálculo del VAN y el TIR están dentro de los parámetros aceptables, así mismo, el cálculo de los ratios e Indicadores financieros, para los niveles de sensibilidad evaluados, nos dan resultados económicos y financieros aceptables. En tal sentido, se concluye que el Plan de Negocio para la implementación de una Tienda de Conveniencia en el Distrito de Santa Anita es viable por reunir las condiciones favorables para su implementación.
This Business Plan, for the implementation of a Retail-type business (convenience store) in the Santa Anita district, considers the analysis of history and how convenience stores have been growing locally and globally. Likewise, their participation and average income levels in the local market are evaluated, the latter being used to determine an estimate of income for financial projections. A qualitative investigation has been carried out in order to obtain the information that will serve as a source for carrying out this plan. The macro environment analysis (PESTEL) is developed where political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal factors are evaluated. Likewise, the analysis of the micro environment is developed, where the SWOT analysis is applied (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business), and the analysis of the five forces of PORTER. Financially, the results are favorable, considering that conservative values ​​have been taken to carry out the projections, taking into account the current health situation in the country. The calculation of the NPV and the IRR are within the acceptable parameters, likewise, the calculation of the ratios and financial indicators, for the sensitivity levels evaluated, give us acceptable economic and financial results. In this sense, it is concluded that the Business Plan for the implementation of a Convenience Store in the Santa Anita District is viable because it meets the favorable conditions for its implementation.
Trabajo de investigación
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2

Bwalya, Mirriam. "Understanding the effectiveness of performance management systems within food retail industry (convenience stores)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804060/.

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3

Ibojiemenmen, Celestine. "Critical evaluation of occupational health and safety management in Sasol retail convenience centres / Celestine Ibojiemenmen." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8237.

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Occupational health and safety management has continued to take the centre stage in the decision making process in most organisations. This is further fostered by agitation from labour unions and government intervention through legislation to promote safer work environment. This dissertation therefore presents some of the constraints and inadequacies of occupational health and safety management of Sasol Retail Convenience centres (Sasol RCCs), some of which are: • insufficient health and safety training of staff or lack of training; • low motivation of employee or outright absence of it; • lack of safety records; • non display of health and safety policy; • absence of fire prevention and control procedure; • inconsistent safety meeting. Information was sourced using questionnaires and conducting personal interviews. The information gathered via questionnaires and interviews of the four Sasol Retail Convenience Centres in Sasolburg indicates that Occupational health and safety management does not have full management commitment. Although management has provided safety gadgets and equipment for the purpose of health and safety, however, it has made little investment in human capital development toward the improvement of health and safety. Poor safety record and in some cases lack of safety records has made it difficult to determine the performance of the Sasol RCCs. The expositions made on the constraints and inadequacies of occupational health and safety management of Sa sol Retail Convenience Centers coupled with the conclusions and recommendations should further improve the health and safety of employees and better protect investment. Part of the recommendations is the development of health and safety management model that could serve as guide to the management of Sasol RCCs to develop a more functional health and safety system. The model should also serve as guide for further research in Occupational health and safety.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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4

Lima, Cláudia Pereira Bahia. "A necessidade de conveniência no varejo: um estudo sobre o comportamento de consumo nos formatos de shopping center e varejo eletrônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-05052009-165018/.

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Enquanto faz suas compras, o consumidor despende tempo e esforço para a realização de várias tarefas como o deslocamento até a loja, a busca por informação sobre o produto desejado, a localização do produto dentro da loja até sua efetiva posse, após a finalização da transação no caixa. É a conveniência o atributo que minimiza os gastos de tempo e esforço do consumidor durante todas as etapas do processo de compra. Sua importância é crescente, na medida em que os recursos não-monetários de tempo e energia se tornam escassos e, conseqüentemente, mais valorizados na sociedade contemporânea. Neste contexto, objetivouse neste trabalho, o estudo da conveniência como necessidade do consumidor moderno, com a finalidade de determinar se ela varia em distintos formatos de varejo. Sendo assim, esta necessidade é estudada no shopping center, um formato de varejo tradicional composto por lojas, e no varejo eletrônico, um formato sem lojas, de expansão recente. A comparação entre os formatos de varejo se deu pela determinação das dimensões do constructo necessidade de conveniência em cada um deles, bem como pela identificação dos tipos mais importantes de conveniência na composição do constructo em cada formato. A pesquisa teve caráter exploratório, quantitativo, sendo realizada por meio de um levantamento, aplicado em meio eletrônico. Os resultados mostraram que a necessidade de conveniência na amostra estudada varia entre formatos, indicando não se tratar de uma necessidade intrínseca do consumidor. A conveniência constitui, portanto, uma necessidade dinâmica, que se modifica de acordo com o contexto de compra. Foram identificadas, para o shopping center, quatro dimensões da necessidade de conveniência: acesso, busca, transação e posse. No varejo eletrônico, porém, esta necessidade se desdobra em apenas três tipos, com as conveniências de acesso e busca formando uma única dimensão. Além disso, na composição da necessidade de conveniência total dos consumidores, identificou-se relevância predominante de um tipo de conveniência distinto em cada formato de varejo. No shopping center, observou-se a predominância da conveniência de transação, enquanto no varejo eletrônico, o tipo mais relevante foi a conveniência de acesso e busca. Estes resultados indicam que os esforços para a criação de um composto de conveniência no varejo devem levar em conta as especificidades de cada formato.
Consumers spend time and effort to complete several tasks while shopping. These tasks include the trip to the store, the search for information on the desired product as well as locating the product they wish to purchase and completing the checkout process. Convenience is the attribute which minimizes the time and effort spent by the consumer in the buying processes stages. Its importance is growing as the non-monetary resources of time and energy become scarce and consequently more valued in contemporary society. This study has aimed to investigate convenience as a modern consumers need which has been analyzed in two different retail formats. The first one was the shopping center, a traditional format composed by stores and the second was electronic retailing, a non-store format of recent growth. The dimensionality of the need for convenience construct was assessed and the dimensions were compared across formats in terms of their composition and relevance for the overall construct. To accomplish the proposed goals, a quantitative research of exploratory nature has been undertaken by the administration of an online survey. It was found that the need for convenience varies according to the retail format for the sample studied. This result indicates that the need for convenience is not an enduring consumer need but a dynamic necessity that changes between different shopping contexts. Four dimensions have been identified for the shopping center, which are access, search, transaction and possession. However, for electronic retailing only three dimensions were obtained since the access and search conveniences have formed a single dimension. In addition, the relevance of each dimension in the overall construct composition was examined. It was found the predominance of one convenience type for each format, namely the transaction convenience for the shopping center and the access and search convenience for electronic retailing. These results indicate that the efforts toward the creation of a retailers convenience offer should take into consideration the particularities of each retail format.
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Bolumole, Yemisi. "Logistics outsourcing in the UK forecourt convenience retail sector : the supply chain role of third party service providers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10727.

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Outsourcing, where an organisation charges an external provider with the performance of an activity, has attracted growing interest in recent years as organisations have considered whether it is in their best interest to perform activities in-house or externally. Academic attention has also focused on the notion of supply chain management through effective Logistics management in organisations, as increased emphasis has been placed on the importance of seamiess supply chain processes for the achievement and sustenance of competitive advantage. Some academic theorists recommend that in order to achieve this, organisations should focus on their core, value-adding activities and outsource the non-core, non value-adding ones. In the UK, some petrol retailers have adopted Logistics outsourcing as a strategy through which supply chain solutions can be implemented within their petrol forecourt convenience retail operations. This research explores factors which influence these outsourcing decisions, the nature and supply chain impact of the outsourcing strategies and evaluates the supply chain role of Logistics service providers (3pls) and the implications of Logistics outsourcing in general for supply chain management and for the future of the 3pl industry. The study examines outsourcing from are source-based, transaction costs and supply chain perspective, highlighting the rationale behind organisations' decisions to outsource activities for which they lack in-house capability and which third parties can provide at lower costs. The study adopts an exploratory, theory building case-study approach in which data is gathered primarily through indepth interviews with informants from retailers and 3pls. Data analysis is carried out through a strategy of within- and cross-case evaluation of findings, highlighting key patterns and relationships in the data.
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Doan, Jan. "Podnikatelský plán na zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti večerek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193358.

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This dissertation is dealing with the preparation of business plan of innovative company. Company with the vision of unification Vietnamese convenience stores. Following strategic document was prepared as a support of the company business plan.
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Africa, Norman. "Measuring the controllable variables in the customer experience in convenience stores at filling stations / N. Africa." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4580.

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Convenience stores are playing a pivotal role in the contribution to profitability in the fuels retail environment. In order to increase market share that will lead to increased profits it is imperative to provide excellent customer service. Customer experience has been identified as the key construct in the modern retail environment to be addressed, in order to ensure a satisfied customer. It has been noted that customer experience is not measured in the convenience stores, but only at the pump stations and the carwash service points of Sasol garages. Sasol Oil has a fuels retail market share of 9% and it will be beneficial for the company to explore all avenues to increase market share since convenience stores contribute 25% towards the total profit of the company. A literature review was conducted to identify the important controllable elements of the total customer experience and the measuring instruments that can be used to measure these elements, which formed the basis of the empirical study. The measuring instruments discussed in the literature are Servqual, Kano and customised models. One of the dimensions of the total customer experience is service quality and a customised model was chosen as the measuring instrument of choice. Questionnaires were developed, based on the controllable elements of customer experience, and distributed via email and handouts. In total, 260 questionnaires were distributed with a response of 47.7%. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were employed to analyse the data. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach alpha. Cronbach alpha values above the minimum requirements and a cumulative variance of only 47% was achieved. Conclusions were drawn from the empirical study and recommendations were made in the final chapter.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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8

Alhasweh, Mohamed Abdulwahab, and Babrak Farid. "The effects of Ikea and external shopping centers on regional trade and retail growth : A comparative analysis of Ikea’s establishment in Kalmar and Karlstad." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21363.

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This paper examines the effects of Ikea store establishment in Kalmar and Karlstad on the trade and retail inside the two cities, and as well on the trade and retail in the close neighboring municipalities and in further peripheral municipalities in both regions. After the establishment of Ikea store, Kalmar and Karlstad have experienced significant growth in trade and retail. The question, however, is how big this growth is in both cities? And how different locations on different distances from Ikea have been affected? What impact there was on different segments of the retail? How different business branches have been affected? How large the catchment area for the emerging new large-scale retail locations is? These questions, in addition to few others, are investigated in this paper. The thesis starts with an introduction chapter containing a background of the topic, problem description, the investigated questions, the purpose, and the outline of the paper. The next chapter includes the frame of reference which consists of literature review and theoretical framework about the external shopping centers and their impact on retail and regional trade development. It includes also information gathered from previous studies technical reports and other available sources about the subject. The third chapter includes description for the methods used to collect the primary and secondary data needed for the purpose of this study. Then the empirical framework which demonstrates the results of the conducted research followed by analysis and concluded in discussion and conclusion. Mixed methods are used as research strategy in this thesis, and the method to conduct the research is based on telephone interviews for the primary (qualitative) data, and documents and desk research for the secondary (quantitative) data. The gathered data is analyzed and designed in a way that allows the usage of comparative analysis technique to present the findings and draw conclusions. The results showed that new established Ikea retail store outside the city boundaries results with many effects on the city center and on the neighboring municipalities as well. The city center seems not to be affected negatively, but on the contrary positive effects were witnessed in both regions, these positive effects are linked to the increase inflow of customers from the external retail area which is known as spillover effect. III On the other hand, the neighboring towns and municipalities are more negatively affected especially with the trade of con-convenience goods as the consumers in these towns and municipalities start to go to the area of Ikea and the large external retail center to do their purchasing, the substitution effect is then said to be occurred. Moreover, the further far municipalities do not seem to be significantly affected by the establishment of Ikea. These effects whether positive or negative could be monitored by looking to few trade parameters such as the turnover, the sales index, and the consumers’ expenditure, these parameters can be very useful to measure the developments and changes in the trade and retail in a given place.
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Pinares, Loayza Gerdy Alexia, and Samame José Luis Vásquez. "El e-commerce en el proceso de internacionalización de las tiendas por conveniencia del sector retail en Lima Metropolitana en los años 2017-2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655459.

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En presencia de la evolución constante y los cambios de las tendencias del mercado, es necesario buscar formas de adaptarse a las necesidades de los clientes, siendo el comercio electrónico una forma de revolucionar el sector retail, el cual se considera relativamente estable, a pesar de los momentos difíciles que ha experimentado el país. El sector minorista no escapa a la realidad de que el mercado se considera altamente volátil, por lo que el interés en torno a este estudio se centra en profundizar en el conocimiento de la intervención del comercio electrónico en el proceso de internacionalización. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue conocer y comprender cómo interviene el e-commerce en el proceso de internacionalización de las tiendas por conveniencia del sector retail en Lima Metropolitana en los años 2017-2019. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, fue de tipo exploratoria y se utilizó la entrevista semi-estructurada como instrumento de recolección de datos, cuya muestra fueron seis expertos en el área del e-commerce y la gerencia de dos cadenas de tienda de conveniencia importantes como lo son Oxxo y Repsol Sprint. Dentro de sus resultados se encontró que el e-commerce, aunque no es necesario para el proceso de internacionalización, sí puede representar un ingreso extra o incluso un factor de éxito para empresas que inician actividades en un país nuevo.
In the presence of constant evolution and changes in market trends, it is necessary to seek ways to adapt to customer needs, with e-commerce being a way to revolutionize the retail sector, which is considered relatively stable, despite the difficult times the country has experienced. The retail sector does not escape the reality that the market is considered highly volatile, so the interest around this study focuses on deepening the knowledge of the intervention of electronic commerce in the internationalization process. The main objective of the research was to know and understand how e-commerce intervenes in the internationalization process of convenience stores in the retail sector in Metropolitan Lima in the years 2017-2019. From the methodological point of view, it had a qualitative approach, it was exploratory and it used the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument, whose sample was six experts in the area of e-commerce and the management of two important chains such as Oxxo and Repsol Sprint. Among its results, it was found that e-commerce, although not necessary for the internationalization process, can represent an extra income or even a success factor for companies that start activities in a new country.
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Supasansanee, Latika, and Patthaveekarn Kasiphongphaisan. "Logistics Management in Retail Industry : A case study of 7-Eleven in Thailand." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9670.

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Master’s thesis in International Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Title:  Logistics Management in Retail Industry: a case study 7-Eleven in Thailand

Author:  Latika Supasansanee and Patthaveekarn Kasiphongphaisan

Tutor:     Susanne Hertz and Benedikte Borgström

Date:      June 1, 2009

Keywords: 7-Eleven Thailand, Logistics, Retail     Convenience, Distribution Center and Warehouse, IT-Apply in retail store, and Competitive advantage

Introduction: In today’s challenging competition in the consumer goods, the manufacturers strive for their products to reach final customers before they turn their heads to the rival’s ones. This research attempts to understand and investigate how 7-Eleven company manages its logistics activities, distribution and applying information technology to achieve competitive advantages.

Purpose: The purpose of thesis is, in retailing industry and retailing convenience store’s perspective, to identify and describe the way 7-Eleven manages and operates its retail convenience business focusing on several aspects; strategic fits, distribution and IT, which support 7-Eleven’s activities and how they contribute to competitive advantages for the firm.

Frame of reference: Based on various sources of literature concerning competitive advantage and strategic fits, distribution related to marketing and retail, distribution centers and warehousing, and information system apply in retail store.

 

Method: The study is considered as qualitative single-case study. Data is collected from the interviews with several parties involve with retail convenience industry in Thailand. Secondary data is retrieved from the information system, research and reports, publication sources as well as internet sources.  Lastly, data analysis is followed by the literature chapter.

 

Conclusion: By applying the synchronized strategies between supply chain members to adjust and modify the capabilities of firms, leads to supply chain benefits and competitive advantage for retail firm. The applications of IT and Distribution Centers enhance supply chain capabilities, reliability, and dependability which result in better service and market performance. They are also the keys that facilitate the operations of supply chain and retail store.

 

 

 

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Huang, Chen-I. "A comparative examination of the relationships and conflicts within the convenience store and estate agency industries in the Taiwanese retail franchise market." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17682.

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This thesis is an examination of the relationships and conflicts between franchisors and franchisees in the Taiwan retail franchise market. Two examples, convenience stores and estate agencies, are compared as these typify the retail and service sectors. The method adopted in this research is a form of exploratory qualitative research, since the purpose is to provide insights and understanding of the nature of marketing. In this research, there are many points, which conflict with previous research, such as the performance between multi-unit and single franchising, monitoring issues, buying back franchisees, the resource constraints of management talent and financial capital,brand transference and so on. From the empirical findings, the author suggests this is related to local culture and operational customs. Further, in international franchising, the author's results show that there is no relationship between internationalisation and company scale. What is important is whether any two businesses have the same commercial objective. Some interviewees offer valuable insights, which have never been discussed before, for example, most of the previous researches on financial constraints focus on whether it is cheaper to obtain capital from franchisees as compared to stockholders or financial institutions. However, a valuable point interviewees have suggested is that the question should be related to whether the power of the brand is strong as compared with other factors. In other words, if the brand power is strong, then other constraints will be minimized. Based on the above findings, relationships and conflicts between franchisors and franchisees are then explored. Based on the nature of industry and ownership patterns, what the franchisees care about is autonomy in the convenience store sector, whereas brand power is highlighted in the estate agency sector. The common point is that both industries stress the importance of communication, but this function fails in this research for different reasons and these reasons can be traced back to the difference of ownership patterns. Therefore, aside from the contribution to theories, three models are developed for practical application from the perspective of communication. In conclusion, with smooth organizational communication and constructive interactions, both parties will benefit from each other and enjoy the synergy of increased brand power.
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Andersson, Joakim, Linus Runesson, and Casper Svensson. "The power of in-store technology : A qualitative study about how in-store technology creates value for Swedish retail companies and their customers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95755.

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With an ongoing development in technology, retailers faces new challenges in terms of higher customer expectations. To meet these expectations, retail companies can use in-store technology to enhance the shopping experience and to create more value. This study aims to provide an understanding of in-store technology and how retailers can work with these tools in order to create customer value and improve the customer experience. The purpose of this study will be to investigate the Swedish market and see how Swedish retail companies work with in-store technology.   In this context, the following research questions were formed: (1) How do retail managers use in-store technology to create value for the customers? and (2) How do in-store technology affect frontline employees within retail? In order to answer these questions, a qualitative method was used, where five different retail companies were interviewed, which all have implemented in-store technology. Before the empirical gathering, we chose to keep the companies and the respondents anonymous in order for us to reduce the risk for complications later on in the thesis. This study aims to provide theory and to get an understanding of in-store technology and how companies can use it to develop their business. A conceptual framework was made to clarify which concepts that was used in order to answer these questions. These concepts were in-store technology, customer value creation, convenience, frontline employees, customer engagement and improved customer experience.   The empirical findings generated theory in which the authors developed two models: (1) The value dynamics, which describe how in-store technology and the interplay between managers, frontline employees, and customers generate value to each other. (2) A three step model where the authors have several suggestions of what retail companies should think of when they implement new technology.  The results of this study conclude how retail companies can use in-store technology in order to create customer value to improve the customer experience. In-store technology has created more value for the customer in terms of a more convenient shopping experience, and in-store technology provides the customer with more information which makes the shopping experience more independent as well. In-store technology has also contributed, in some extent, to a better working environment for frontline employees.
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Chávarry, García Karol Nohely, and Villanueva Jenny Patricia Pereyra. "Influencia del merchandising utilizado en las tiendas de conveniencia de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana en la satisfacción del cliente, el ticket de compra y la recompra según 4 tipos de clientes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626133.

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La presente tesis plantea que el merchandising utilizado en las tiendas de conveniencia de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana contribuye positivamente en la satisfacción de los clientes, el ticket de compra y la probabilidad de recompra según 4 tipos de clientes, lo cual se ha comprobado mediante la validación de 4 hipótesis específicas. Luego de haber realizado el análisis se obtuvo que, dichas hipótesis fueron aceptadas. En cuanto a la primera fue aprobada mediante un análisis factorial y se encontraron cuatro tipos de clientes: Premium, visuales, buscadores de ofertas y oportunistas. De la segunda hipótesis se obtuvo que de los shoppers que habían tenido una opinión positiva en cuanto al merchandising, el 90% de ellos estaba de acuerdo con que tuvieron una experiencia de compra agradable. En la tercera hipótesis, mediante un análisis descriptivo de la valoración de las técnicas de merchandising; es decir, que los shoppers hayan notado la presencia de dichas técnicas al momento de su ingreso y recorrido por la tienda, se obtuvo que: el incremento promedio del ticket de compra fue de 52% en clientes Premium, 65% en clientes Visuales, 46% en clientes Buscadores de ofertas y 51% en clientes Oportunistas. Por último, en la cuarta hipótesis se pudo comprobar que los shoppers que habían adquirido alguna oferta en la tienda de conveniencia, regresaban en mayor número de veces en comparación con los shoppers que no adquirían ofertas.
This thesis states that the merchandising used in convenience stores in zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima contributes positively in customer satisfaction, the purchase ticket and the likelihood of repurchase according to 4 types of customers, which has been proven through the validation of 4 specific hypotheses. After having made the analysis, it was found that these hypotheses were accepted. As for the first one, it was approved through a factorial analysis and four types of clients were found: Premium, visuals, offer finders and opportunists. From the second hypothesis, it was found that of the shoppers who had a positive opinion regarding merchandising, 90% of them agreed that they had a pleasant shopping experience. In the third hypothesis, through a descriptive analysis of the valuation of merchandising techniques; that is, that the shoppers had noticed the presence of such techniques at the time of their entry and tour of the store, it was found that: the average increase in the purchase ticket was 52% in Premium clients, 65% in Visual clients, 46 % in customers Search engines and 51% in Opportunistic customers. Finally, in the fourth hypothesis it was found that the shoppers who had purchased some offer in the convenience store, returned in greater number of times compared to the shoppers who did not acquire offers.
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Bolm, Nadine, and Betty Hartigan. "From Bags to Boxes; : A Study of the Consumers Perception of Value in Online Fashion Retail Sales." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75883.

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Abstract Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration. Bachelor of Science with Specialization in Marketing – Main Field of Study: Business Administration. School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Course Code 2FE21E, 2018 Title: From Bags to Boxes: A Study of the Consumers Perception of Value in Online Fashion Retail Sales Authors: Nadine Bolm, Betty Hartigan Supervisor: Michaela Sandell Examiner: Åsa Devine Background: Online retail sales has been growing steadily since the late twentieth century. Fashion, as a segment of the online marketplace, is the largest market in cyberspace and as new companies are combined with old ones who want to establish a presence online, competition is stifling. As more companies offer fashion in the online world consumers behavior evolves with this new reality and customer-perceived value shifts as the consumers values in their transactions shifts. In order to gain and maintain a strong consumer base companies need to know what the variables are that make up customer-perceived value in hopes of affecting it. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between values of utilitarian nature, those being; monetary savings, convenience, product variety, product information, and customer-perceived value in online fashion retail and to explain the relationship between values of hedonic nature, those being; adventure, gratification, best deal, idea, and customer-perceived value in online fashion retail. Methodology: The research conducted here was an explanatory study to determine how different independent variables related to a single dependent variable. The study was deductive in nature and used a quantitative approach. Independent variables were studied with the use of a convenience sample and self-reporting survey posted online. Statistical analysis was conducted with data collected from 142 valid responses and through the use of validity and reliability methods the data was determined statistically meaningful and valid to test the hypothesis as accepted or rejected.   Findings: The findings of this study show that a new theoretical model was needed to better demonstrate the direct connection between variables that consumers identified as valuable to them in online fashion shopping, had with consumer-perceived value. By examining data collected through online survey it was determined that of the 8 variables, seen as valuable by research into consumer perceived value, 4 would be accepted as such. These 4 variables would become the basis for a new model that explained how consumers develop customer-perceived value. Conclusion: The research explains the relationship the 8 variables selected by previous research for their effect on customer-perceived value. It also provides a model for future research activities or for development of marketing plans with exceptional efficiency and effectiveness in mind. In directly relating each variable to customer-perceived value on its own merit it was found that the variables respondents valued most were of the more practical or utilitarian in nature aside from one, adventure, which possessed the highest level of value of the 8 variables.     Keywords: Customer-perceived value; Utilitarian value; Hedonic value; Online retail; Online fashion retail; Ecommerce; Monetary savings; Convenience; Product variety; Product information; Adventure; Gratification; Best deal; Idea
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Beauchamp, Michelle Bednarz. "The need for retail shopping convenience an empirical examination of its antecedents and consequences in Mexican-American consumers and white, non-Hispanic consumers in the United States /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04042007-105430.

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Nesvačilová, Dana. "Marketingový výzkum maloobchodního trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223149.

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The purpose of the master’s thesis is a marketing research in retail market with fast-moving goods in relation to food purchases via the Internet. The first part of this work is devoted to theoretical description of the retail sector, current trends and aspects associated with the customer. The second part contains an analysis of retail development in the last decade and further analysis of the findings which serve as bases for the processing of marketing research. The information obtained from this survey will be used to formulate a proposal on new services for retailers, to reveal the perspectives of grocery shopping and consumer goods through the Internet or through other communication media.
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Vejnarová, Alena. "Vybrané aspekty dodavatelsko odběratelských vztahů retailu a jeho dodavatelů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113666.

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The Diploma thesis ,Selected aspects of the retail supplier-purchaser relations' defines British grocery retailing. It presents government bodies which regulate retail industry and important independent not-for-profit organizations which have a strong influence on the market situation. It introduces the reader into legislation which regulates supplier-purchaser relations, particularly the Supermarket Code of Practice and its revised version the Groceries Supply Code of Practice. The analytical part examines the British market at the macroeconomical level, outlines the grocery retailing structure, describes the supply chain, customer behaviour, points out certain pricing and product policy trends and presents subjects which are bonded by the provisions set out in the Groceries Supply Code of Practice. The findings on local market competition and barriers which prevent the entry by a competitor are of a high significance as well. Despite the introduction of legal regulation the supplier-purchaser relations remain unequal and unfair. The thesis proposes a forecast of possible future grocery market development in the United Kingdom.
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Azama, Kuwae Carlos Alberto Yoshikazu, and Ybañez Hilary Venegas. "Factores comerciales que influyen en la preferencia de los consumidores millennials hacia las tiendas de conveniencia del distrito de San Miguel." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655916.

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La sociedad ha cambiado, es así como también el retail ha tenido que evolucionar para adaptarse a las necesidades y nuevos requerimientos de los consumidores. Las tiendas de conveniencia, formato dentro del sector retail, han tenido gran aceptación en el mercado peruano, ya que durante los últimos años hemos visto cómo locales de este tipo han incrementado en la ciudad formando parte casi de nuestro día a día. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no solo basta estar cerca del consumidor, sino entender qué necesita. La presente investigación dentro de la limitación de su población de estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar la influencia de la exposición y variedad de productos en el grado de preferencia de los consumidores en las tiendas de conveniencia. La metodología empleada en esta investigación fue cuantitativa no probabilística con un instrumento aplicado a 400 personas en un muestreo por cuotas para analizar variables como los atributos de tienda, motivos de selección y el comportamiento del consumidor.
Society has changed, this is how retail has also had to evolve to adapt to the needs and new requirements of consumers. Convenience stores, a format within the retail sector, have had great acceptance in the Peruvian market, since in recent years we have seen how stores of this type have increased in the city, almost forming part of our daily routine. However, nowadays it is not only enough to be close to the consumer, but to understand what their needs are. The present investigation within the limitation of its study population aims to verify the influence of exposure and product mix on the consumer’s choice preference in convenience stores. The methodology used in this research was quantitative non-probabilistic with an instrument applied to 400 people in a quota sampling to analyze variables such as store attributes, selection reasons and consumer behavior.
Tesis
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Troncoso, Lara Jorge Andrés. "Diseño de Estrategias de Micromarketing para una Tienda de Conveniencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103064.

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El micromarketing consiste en la focalización de acciones marketing mediante la adaptación de marcas, surtido, precio y otras variables de marketing de acuerdo a las necesidades y requerimientos de los clientes y a la ubicación de la tienda. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo generar estrategias de micromarketing a partir del análisis de ventas de tres categorías y de las características del entorno de cada uno de los locales de una cadena de tiendas de conveniencia. Con este proyecto se espera identificar las diferencias entre los locales, en base a la participación en unidades vendidas de cada categoría y sus respectivos atributos, y al análisis del entorno de cada local, lo que permite caracterizar las tiendas para formular estrategias de micromarketing. En la primera parte de este trabajo se realiza una descripción del entorno basada en datos cualitativos de 17 locales de una cadena de tiendas de conveniencia. Por otra parte, se realiza una descripción global de las ventas de las categorías en estudio en cada una de las tiendas. La segunda parte del trabajo se enfoca al estudio de ventas a nivel de categorías, realizando para cada una de ellas un análisis proporcional a nivel de atributos. Posteriormente, en base a las preferencias por cada atributo y a las características del entorno, se identifican factores que determinan el desempeño en cantidad de unidades vendidas y en la participación de los niveles de atributos dentro de cada categoría. Finalmente, se sugieren estrategias de micromarketing por local, identificando el potencial que posee cada tienda de acuerdo a sus particularidades respecto al conjunto de locales estudiados. Los resultados cuantitativos muestran que existen bastantes diferencias en las preferencias de los clientes entre los locales en estudio, las cuales se pueden explicar cualitativamente en base a las diversas características del entorno y de los clientes. Se identifican factores que influyen tanto en el volumen de venta como en la preferencia por categorías y atributos. Dentro de los resultados, se destaca que la categoría galletas se vende en mayor proporción en la zona sur de Santiago, mientras que los productos light se venden en mayor proporción en la zona oriente, lo que permite recomendar la creación en algunos locales de una zona con este tipo de productos. Por otra parte, se determina que el volumen de venta del local, si bien depende de la zona de Santiago donde se ubica la tienda y del formato de esta, también se ve influenciado fuertemente por el flujo, acceso del local y actividad del entorno. Con el presente trabajo se ha logrado el objetivo de formular estrategias de micromarketing y desarrollar una caracterización de los locales. Con esto, se ha generado información que puede ser utilizada directamente por la empresa o bien que puede ser una entrada para la elaboración de nuevas estrategias. Para futuras investigaciones se recomienda acotar el número de locales, para realizar estudio con mayor profundidad que permita entender las dinámicas de cada local. Se sugiere la realización de una encuesta o análisis de datos desagregados para identificar motivos de visitas de los clientes, buscando relación con el desempeño de las categorías.
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Romero, Melendez Katherine Mariella, and Claros Karen Yasmin Antialon. "El Marketing Mix y su influencia en la Competitividad en las tiendas de conveniencia en el distrito de Miraflores, año 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652241.

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Los últimos años se ha podido observar el alto crecimiento en las tiendas de conveniencia en Lima siendo Miraflores unos de los distritos con mayor concentración de esta modalidad tiendas, esto se debe a las características que ofrece este tipo de canal a los consumidores, entre estos podríamos indicar los precios accesibles, calidad en los productos, promoción en redes y medios , los cuales comunican opciones nuevas que faciliten sus compras ,promociones llamativas como combos y productos resaltante que forman de la preferencia de los consumidores peruanos, por último la cercanía en las que se ubican estas tiendas. Con esto se observa que el Marketing Mix juega un papel importante en el crecimiento, expansión y éxito de este canal en el público peruano. Además de esto, se ha podido identificar que la aplicación de la Competitividad de igual manera es esencial para el logro de los objetivos y metas en una compañía. Por este motivo, en esta investigación se pretende mostrar el Marketing Mix y su influencia en la Competitividad en las tiendas de conveniencia en el distrito de Miraflores, año 2018. En el Capítulo I, se expondrá el marco teórico que define el concepto del Marketing Mix y Competitividad, luego se desarrollará la evolución, la importancia de ambos términos para el crecimiento y éxito en una compañía, sus ventajas y dimensiones. Para concluir este punto, se realizará un análisis del sector retail, en el Capítulo II, se indicará el plan de trabajo de investigación, donde se planteará el problema en las tiendas de conveniencia. De igual manera, se presentará la relevancia de la aplicación de ambos términos para este sector, objetivos e hipótesis para este análisis. En el Capítulo III, se desarrollará la metodología de investigación, el cual se definirá el enfoque, diseño de estudio, aplicación de instrumentos y finalmente se presentará la muestra utilizada para alcanzar lo estimado. En el Capítulo IV, se mencionará la metodología aplicada (cualitativa y cuantitativa), donde se presentarán las respuestas obtenidas. En el Capítulo V, se detallarán los resultados obtenidos por la investigación. Finalmente, se indicarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones que podrían llevarse a cabo gracias a este estudio.
In recent years, it has been possible to see the high growth of convenience stores in Lima, being Miraflores one of the districts with the highest concentration of this type of stores. This is due to the particular characteristics offered by this type of channel to consumers, among the ones we could indicate: accessible prices, product quality, networks and media promotion, which communicate new options that facilitate their purchases, flashy promotions such as combos and highlighted products that form the preference of Peruvian consumers and finally the proximity in which these stores are located. With this, it is observed that the Marketing Mix plays an important role in the growth, expansion and success of this channel in the Peruvian public. In addition to this, it has been possible to identify that the application of competitiveness in the same way is essential for the achievement of the objectives and goals in a company. For this reason, this research aims to portray Marketing Mix and its influence on the competitiveness of convenience stores in Miraflores district, 2018. In Chapter I, the theoretical framework that defines the concept of Marketing Mix and Competitiveness will be presented, then the evolution and the importance of both terms for growth and success in a Company, its advantages and dimensions will be developed. To conclude this point, an analysis of the retail sector, in Chapter II, the research work plan will be indicated, where the problem in the convenience stores. In the same way, the relevance of the application of both terms for this sector, objectives and hypotheses for this analysis will be presented. In Chapter III, the research methodology will be developed, which will define the approach, study design, application of instruments and finally the sample used to reach our aim will be presented. In Chapter IV, the applied methodology (qualitative and quantitative) will be mentioned, where the answers obtained. In Chapter V, the results obtained by the investigation will be detailed. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations that could be carried out thanks to this study will be indicated.
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Carranza, Rojas Franco Alfredo, Tirado Gabriel Fernando Chavez, Macera Ricardo Martin Dorador, and Alvarado Juan Carlos Ore. "Tienda de Conveniencia Eco amigable de productos orgánicos y saludables "Qhali Store"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652844.

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El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es demostrar la viabilidad, rentabilidad y durabilidad del proyecto desarrollando una tienda de conveniencia eco amigable de productos orgánicos y saludables – QHALI STORE. Tienda que satisface la preocupación por el cuidado de la salud, bienestar y estilo de vida que viene en tendencia creciente en el país. Se presenta la oportunidad de atender esta necesidad, mediante la intermediación de productos orgánicos de alta calidad, y productos que cuentan con poco alcance o cobertura de mercado en la ciudad de Lima. Estos productos, aportan grandes beneficios al cuerpo humano y al medio ambiente. La investigación del presente estudio, empleo una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa a través de encuestas, que concluye en una necesidad de mercado desatendida y con mucho potencial de crecimiento. Qhali emplea canales digitales como las redes sociales o páginas web para llegar y conectar con su público objetivo el cual inicialmente está conformado por un sector de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana donde se encuentra la mayor población de consumidores con un estilo de vida saludable. Para lograr captar mayores ingresos e incrementar las transacciones, se contará con 2 canales de venta, como son, visita en tienda física (tienda de conveniencia), compras web o compras a través de redes sociales, en donde destacara la participación del delivery. Para finalizar se realizó un estudio de factibilidad del proyecto en donde se demuestra su viabilidad en las áreas comerciales y financiera. Con una inversión de 106,175.00 soles, financiados con un 50% con aporte de los accionistas y un 50% financiado con un préstamo bancario con un plazo de 5 años, y una tasa de interés de 25%.
The objective of this research work is to demonstrate the viability, profitability and durability of the project by developing an eco-friendly convenience store for organic and healthy products - QHALI STORE. Store that satisfies the concern for health care, well-being and lifestyle that is growing in the country. The opportunity to meet this market need is presented, through developing a retail store (convenience store) of high-quality organic products, and products that have little scope or market coverage in the city of Lima. These products provide great benefits to the human body and the environment. The research of the present study used a qualitative and quantitative methodology through surveys, which concludes in an unattended market need with great potential for growth. Qhali Store will use digital marketing channels such as social networks or web pages to reach and connect with its target audience, which is initially made up of a sector of Zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima where the largest population of consumers with a healthy lifestyle is found. In order to capture more income and increase transactions, there will be 2 sales channels, such as visits to a physical store (convenience store), web purchases or purchases through social networks, where the participation of delivery stands out. Finally, a feasibility study of the project was carried out, demonstrating its viability in the commercial and financial areas. With an investment of 106,175.00 soles, financed with 50% with a contribution from the shareholders and 50% financed with a bank loan with a term of 5 years, and an interest rate of 25%.
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Carrasco, Tejada Brenda Cecilia, and Dellepiane Paola Beatriz Tenorio. "Propuesta de mejora en el sistema de abastecimiento de una cadena retail: tiendas de conveniencia en el 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623812.

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La presente tesis sostiene una propuesta de mejora en el sistema de abastecimiento de una cadena retail, enfocada en el subsector de las tiendas de conveniencia, que contribuirá a la optimización de recursos y procesos en la cadena de abastecimiento. Esta propuesta analiza a una empresa de tiendas de conveniencia, su situación competitiva en el sector retail en el Perú y principalmente su sistema de abastecimiento actual para proveer de productos a los diversos puntos de venta que posee en el mercado local. Desde el 2015, las tiendas de conveniencia lograron posicionarse en el mercado peruano como un canal alternativo moderno de compra que viene desplazando al canal tradicional (mercados y bodegas). Estas practi-tiendas han tenido un gran crecimiento y aceptación por parte del shopper limeño debido al amplio surtido de productos, cercanía y promociones competitivas. El retail y abastecimiento surgen como parte integral y esencial para garantizar la existencia de productos en tienda. Sin embargo, existen deficiencias en el sistema de abastecimiento debido a roturas de stock y la alta rotación de productos; es por ello, que el objetivo de la investigación es brindar una propuesta de mejora en este proceso con la finalidad de asegurar su eficiencia e incrementar los ingresos de la empresa mediante la implementación de un Centro de Distribución. Además, para identificar que variables impactan a las ventas de las practi-tiendas, se aplicará un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple tomando como variables: fill rate, merma conocida, cobertura de productos, merma desconocida y stock.
The present thesis sustains a proposal for the improvement of the supply system of a retail chain, focused on the convenience store subsector, which will contribute to the optimization of resources and processes of the supply chain. This proposal analyse a convenience store company, its competitive situation in the retail sector of Peru and, mainly, its current supply system for the provision of products to the diverse sale spots that it possess in the local market. Since 2015, convenience stores have managed to position themselves in the Peruvian market as a modern alternative of the purchasing channel that has been displacing the traditional channel (markets and warehouses). These have had a great growth and acceptance by the customer due to its wide range of products, proximity and competitive promotions. The retail and supply arise as an integral and essential part to ensure the availability of products in the stores. However, there are shortcomings in the supply systems due to stock breakages and high product turnover; that is why the main objective of this research is to provide a proposal for the improvement in the process, in order to ensure its efficiency and increase the company's income through the implementation of a Distribution Centre. In addition, to identify which variables impact the sales of the stores, a multiple linear regression model will be applied taking as variables: fill rate, known shrinkage, product coverage, unknown shrinkage and stock.
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Henríquez, Cheuquepil Esteban Gabriel. "Determinación de la asignación y localización de los productos en la zona de impulsivos, para una tienda de conveniencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116496.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Industrial
Dentro de la industria del retail existen varios formatos de tienda, uno de los cuales corresponde a las tiendas de conveniencia. Este formato se caracteriza por sus clientes que permanecen poco tiempo comprando, lo que se debe a las dimensiones de la tienda, la practicidad en la ubicación de los productos y la rapidez en el área de cajas. El cliente no permanece más de dos minutos frente a la caja, y es bajo ésta donde se ubica la zona de productos impulsivos, siendo necesario que el cliente sepa de la existencia de los productos, tenga una buena visualización de los que allí se exhiben, se sienta persuadido y decida comprarlos. La memoria tiene como objetivo central determinar la asignación y la localización de los productos dentro de la zona de impulsivos, para una tienda de conveniencia perteneciente a la red Pronto Copec. El proyecto tiene la finalidad de ser un aporte en la etapa de diseño de los planogramas de la zona, incluyendo los inputs, adicionales a los utilizados en los procesos de diseño actuales, que se deben considerar y que tienen relación con los hábitos y patrones de compra de los clientes. Es en la zona de impulsivos donde la tienda de conveniencia se enfrenta a algunos paradigmas, varios de los cuales no han sido analizados aún por Pronto. Se efectúa un estudio en profundidad, para generar propuestas que ayudan en el sustento y apoyo en la toma de decisiones que se llevan a cabo en la zona de impulsivos, de cara a que haya una mayor efectividad en la persuasión hacia los clientes para que realicen compras imprevistas. Se realiza un levantamiento de la situación actual relativa a los procesos, que van desde la determinación del mix de productos hasta la configuración y diseño de un planograma. Una vez seleccionada la tienda y formato de interés para el estudio, se utiliza un modelo de optimización para la localización y asignación de productos. El modelo es ajustado a las condiciones espaciales, contractuales y de exhibición de la tienda seleccionada. Posteriormente, con la resolución del modelo de optimización, se obtiene un planograma para la zona de impulsivos, el cual se completa incorporando un análisis de atributos de productos, elementos de merchandising de visualización y criterios propios relativos a las condiciones del local. Finalmente, el diseño del planograma se desarrolla, con la ayuda del software de planogramación Spaceman Professional , para la tienda Pronto Camilo Henriquez formato P190. Se concluye que el objetivo principal relativo a la resolución del modelo de optimización, para la localización y asignación de los productos, es alcanzado. Además, se obtiene una metodología adaptable, y escalable, a cualquier formato de las tiendas de conveniencia Pronto.
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Arriola, Becerra Ana Luz, and Martínez Guillermo Meléndez. "Las estrategias de las tiendas de conveniencia ante la entrada de nuevos competidores en el Perú. Análisis del caso Tambo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625127.

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Actualmente, en el Perú, las tiendas de conveniencia retail representan un sector atractivo para futuros inversionistas, pues este se encuentra en pleno desarrollo. Solamente en la ciudad de Lima se cuenta con la capacidad de tener 1,500 tiendas operando, de las cuales, hasta el momento, solo existen 408 tiendas operando, siendo la cadena con la mayor apuesta en aperturas: Tambo+. En la presente investigación, se considera pertinente evaluar si las tiendas de conveniencia en el Perú aplican las estrategias de: desarrollo de mercado, liderazgo en costos y diferenciación, estrategias empleadas por las cadenas de tiendas de conveniencia líderes a nivel mundial. Además, se desea evaluar si la aplicación de estas estrategias permite mantener una posición de liderazgo en el mercado actual y en un mercado donde, posiblemente, puedan ingresar nuevos y fuertes competidores. Se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa con la finalidad de recopilar información exclusiva y de primera mano mediante data real e histórica. También, se llevó a cabo una entrevista a profundidad con un experto del sector. Se validaron las estrategias de manera individual y conjunta mediante un análisis FODA, en donde se permita el análisis de las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas; y las estrategias que están alineadas a estas variables. Cabe precisar que el diseño de investigación del trabajo es exploratorio. Como resultado del análisis del caso, las tiendas de conveniencia que aplican las estrategias de: desarrollo de mercado, liderazgo en costos y diferenciación mantienen el liderazgo del sector de tiendas de conveniencia retail en el mercado peruano y seguirán manteniéndolo en un escenario donde nuevos y fuertes competidores deseen entrar. Palabras claves: tiendas de conveniencia retail, estrategias, liderazgo en costos, desarrollo de mercado, diferenciación, canal tradicional, canal moderno, ventaja competitiva, clusterización  Currently, in Peru, retail convenience stores represent an attractive sector for future investors, as it is in full development. Only in the city of Lima has the ability to have 1,500 stores operating, of which, to date, there are only 408 stores operating, being the chain with the largest bet openings: Tambo +. In the present investigation, it is considered pertinent to evaluate if the convenience stores in Peru apply the strategies of: market development, cost leadership and differentiation, strategies employed by the leading chains of convenience stores worldwide. In addition, we want to evaluate if the application of these strategies allows us to maintain a leading position in the current market and in a market where, possibly, new and strong competitors can enter. Quantitative research has been carried out in order to collect exclusive and first-hand information through real and historical data. Also, an in-depth interview was conducted with an industry expert. The strategies were validated individually and jointly by means of a SWOT analysis, where the analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is allowed; and the strategies that are aligned to these variables. It should be noted that the research design of the work is exploratory. As a result of the analysis of the case, the convenience stores that apply the strategies of market development, cost leadership and differentiation maintain the leadership of the retail convenience store sector in the Peruvian market and will continue to maintain it in a scenario where new and strong competitors want to enter. Keywords: retail convenience stores, strategies, cost leadership, market development, differentiation, traditional channel, modern channel, competitive advantage, clustering.
Tesis
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Benboubker-Jebbari, Samira. "Risque, sécurité et responsabilité du transporteur aérien à l'égard de son passager." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D004.

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Le transport aérien s'est fortement démocratisé ces dernières décennies, la réglementation qui l'accompagne s'est considérablement renforcée. Les sources applicables à la responsabilité du transporteur aérien reposent sur des conventions internationales, des règlements communautaires et des législations internes. Ce travail de recherche montre l'application dynamique des sources et les résultats produits par les différentes combinaisons. L’évolution de la notion de responsabilité ouvre d'autres champs de réflexion à travers une étude combinée des concepts de risque et de sécurité du transporteur aérien à l'égard des passagers. Il s'agit également d'étudier le particularisme du contrat de transport aérien de personnes au regard des nouvelles considérations. Le droit communautaire a insufflé une nouvelle vision au contrat de transport, au point d'assimiler le passager à un consommateur. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien s'apprécie sur le terrain des nouvelles technologies. Aujourd'hui, le passager aérien bénéficie des mesures protectrices du droit de la consommation. L'analyse des postes de responsabilité du transporteur aérien permet de comprendre ce processus d'imbrication des sources, et la variété des solutions jurisprudentielles. Le droit communautaire a instauré une réglementation innovante et pragmatique en phase avec les nouvelles exigences des passagers en matière de retard et d'annulation de vol. L'intérêt est de montrer le rôle important de la jurisprudence communautaire dans l'application cumulative du droit conventionnel et du règlement n°261/2004. Le retard est à dissocier des situations générant du retard; le droit communautaire a élaboré une distinction aboutie entre ces événements. Le retard peut être subi collectivement par les passagers, comme en cas d'annulation de vol, ou les affecter de manière individuelle, comme par exemple en cas de refus d'embarquement. Le droit communautaire a édicté des mesures standardisées d'assistance et d'indemnisation. Il conviendra d'expliquer ces dispositifs et les perfectionnements envisagés par le législateur européen. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien en cas d'accident replace le droit conventionnel au centre de toutes les attentions. L'exclusivité des conventions est plus que jamais réaffirmée par la jurisprudence internationale. Mais cette élévation du droit conventionnel est mise à mal par la pratique de certains tribunaux, qui n'hésitent pas mettre à l'écart la Convention au profit du droit interne. Le risque de démantèlement du droit conventionnel est tempéré par les différents renvois du droit communautaire et du droit interne à la primauté de la Convention. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien est une responsabilité objective. Elle met fin à toute limitation financière en cas de lésion corporelle ou de décès du passager. L'absence de définition de la notion d'accident suscite toujours autant d'interrogation. En matière d'accident, le droit conventionnel opère un renvoi implicite au droit interne pour la détermination des postes de préjudices. Dans le cadre de la complémentarité des sources, il est important d'avoir une approche combinée du droit interne français, qui consacre le principe de réparation intégrale et l'application du droit conventionnel. Le passager aérien voyage avec ses effets personnels. Le droit conventionnel a instauré des régimes de responsabilité différents en fonction de la destination du bagage. L'apport du droit communautaire est minimaliste en matière de bagages, mais la jurisprudence de la CJUE a permis une interprétation renouvelée de la réparation due pour les dommages aux bagages. L'étude de cette responsabilité nous conduira à souligner l'importance des réglementations de l'IATA et des conditions générales de transport qui viennent combler les lacunes du droit communautaire et conventionnel, peu intéressés par cette partie de la responsabilité du transporteur aérien. (...)
In recent decades, air transport has been greatly democratized, the regulations has increased significantly. The applicable sources for the air carrier liability are based on international conventions, EU regulations and domestic legislations. This research points dynamic application of the sources and the results produced by different combinations. The evolution of the responsibility concept starts other fields of thought through a combined study of the concepts of risk and safety of air carrier towards passengers. It's also studying the particularism of the carriage contract by air of persons under new regards. EU law has brought a new vision of the carriage contract to the point that it assimilates the passenger to a consumer. The liability of the air carrier also values the new technologies field. Today, air passenger benefits from protective measures of consumer law. The damage analysis helps to understand this nesting process sources, and the diversity of cases law. EU law has set up an innovative and pragmatic regulation in line with new requirements on passenger delays and flight cancellations. The purpose is showing the important role of EU law in the cumulative application of treaty law and of Regulation No 261/2004. The general notion of delay has to be dissociated from ordinary situations generating delay; EU law has drawn a distinction between these events. The delay may be experienced collectively by the passengers, as in case of flight cancellation or individually as in case of denied boarding. EU law enacted standardized measures of assistance and compensation. These mechanisms should be explained such as the improvements proposed by the European legislator. In case of accidents the air carrier liability puts the Convention at the center of attention. Exclusivity agreements are more than ever reasserted by international jurisprudence. However this elevation of treaty law is undermined by some courts practices, which do not hesitate to put aside the Convention to the benefit of the domestic law. Dismantling risk of conventional law is softened by the different references of EU law and domestic law to the primacy of the Convention. The air carrier's liability is a strict liability. It puts an end to any financial limitations in case of body injury or death of passenger. The lack of definition of accident concept continues to raise many questions. For accidents, treaty law carries out an implicit reference to domestic law in order to determine the positions damages. As part of the complementarity of sources, it is important to have a combined approach of French domestic law, which enshrines the principle of full compensation, and the enforcement of treaty law. Air passenger travels with his personal effects. Treaty law has introduced different liability regimes depending on luggage destination. The provision of EU law is minimalist in terms of luggage, but the CJUE cases law allowed a renewed interpretation of the compensation for luggage damages. The study of this liability will lead us to stress the importance of IATA regulations and general terms of carriage which fill in the gaps in EU and treaty law, not interested in this part of the air carrier's liability. The Convention has established options of competence which lead to a multitude of courts. The advent of fifth option of competence is part of a consumerist approach of treaty/conventionnal law. More ground of jurisdiction are, more important is the practice of forum shopping. Jurisdiction rules have been enacted by the jurisprudence as mandatory. The introduction of standardized measures of assistance and compensation by EU law highlighted the purview of exclusive nature of the jurisdiction rules. A liability action of victims in case of aircraft accidents or their heirs before the U.S. courts is likely to result in a forum non conveniens. A survey of American and French jurisprudence is needed to measure the extent of this phenomenon. (...)
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26

Molefe, Montoeli Mosikoane. "Consumer motivations in forecourt convenience retailing in South Afica." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23654.

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The proliferation of forecourt convenience shops in South Africa spawned an entirely new model within an existing fuel sales business model. Conversely South Africa’s regulated fuel industry was stunned by a near merger of Sasol and Engen, which led to petrol stations looking for new ways to attract business. The forecourt convenience shops are not price regulated and hence have become a strategic revenue generator for petrol station operators. These factors made the study of consumer motivations in forecourt convenience retailing necessary.Specific research hypotheses were formulated, based on a literature review, in order to prove or disprove the researcher’s viewpoint and fully appreciate consumer motivations. A survey of 115 convenience shop patrons was undertaken, the data was analysed statistically and hypotheses were then either rejected or failed to be rejected.Petrol brands play no role in consumer motivations, while forecourt shops independently play a role in why people shop. Age plays no role in motivations, whereas gender does, as more men shop at forecourt shops than do women. White people buy more from these outlets than non-whites. Hygiene factors and motivators do not lead to greater spending, but motivators alone lead to repatronage. Total customer experience leads people to shop more often. Price plays no role in customers’ intentions to repatronise the stores.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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CHANG, KENG-HO, and 張耿和. "Research on the Retail Shelves of Convenience Shop for Middle Schools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tbaqnq.

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碩士
育達科技大學
資訊管理所
107
Nowadays, because of the limit oflaw, declining birth rate, changes in consumptionpatterns,and reduction of goods variety, shoppers are fewer than ever which results in more and more convenience shops in middle school close down. The shop owners encounter business difficulties which make them change the business operation mode to effectively manage. Refer to the relevant literature and apply the modified Defi method to establish the four factors of the convenience shop for middle schools, seller consideration, product and store details, and establish a hierarchical structure. Then, using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) to obtain the weight of the factors affecting the retail shelves of the four facets, and establish a weight system. As can be seen from the above, the empirical result shows “buyer demand” has the most significant impact within the 4 main criteria in this study. Followings are “sellers consideration” and “products”, and finally is “store details” which has the minimal impact. For the 16 secondary criteria, “essentials”, “regulations” and “buyers preferences” are the most significant factors, which means consumers are the primary consideration for sellers. No matter in the 4 main criteria or in the 16 secondary criteria, “juice” is the most popular, and the expert questionnaire for the alternative plan shows the same rank for “juice”, “Pure Tea”, and “coffee”.This study was undertaken to find the logic of product launches for similar products a more precise direction. Also to be the reference for the future comparison study on the product factors customers care about.
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28

Sousa, Raquel Patrícia Matos. "The impact of new retail trends in the context of convenience stores." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18445.

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The convenience retailing sector is being challenged with the threat of new formats from existing competitors, a downward trend in demand and a new type of customer, which is more demanding, empowered and informed. The purpose of this thesis is to study how the newest trends in retail can be adapted to the context of convenience stores located in gas stations, thus increasing shoppers’ intentions to purchase and to visit those stores. To meet this dissertation goal, an empirical research was pursued, in which a Focus Group was conducted as an exploratory and qualitative method. Empirical research was complemented with individual questionnaires for each concept evaluated. Findings show that from an initial bulk of seven trends, only three are positively accepted, two are partially accepted and other two are rejected. Concepts such as Payment with Smartphone, Interactive Screens with Storytelling and Tutorials and Pick-Up Point Lockers received the best feedback and evaluation from the Focus Group participants and proved that must be implemented by retailers in the convenience store sector. Findings also revealed that new concepts to apply in convenience stores must contribute to an automatized store that is able to provide personalized and more convenient services to its customers – the convenience factor proved to be an obligatory factor when innovating in a convenience store. Moreover, concepts that contribute to bring closer the physical and digital world will be appreciated by customers. Today’s customer no longer fears digital innovations in stores, in fact accepts and want stores to have digital features and processes. Subsequently, retailers should acknowledge the impact that new retail trends have on customers’ behavior and intentions toward convenience stores. Furthermore, they must keep in mind that despite the innovation intended, the main goal needs to be to provide convenient experiences and services to the customer.
O setor das lojas de conveniência está a ser desafiado com a ameaça de novos formatos de concorrentes existentes, uma tendência de queda na procura e um novo tipo de cliente, que é agora mais exigente e informado. O objetivo desta tese é estudar a forma como as mais recentes tendências do retalho podem ser adaptadas ao contexto das lojas de conveniência, localizadas em postos de gasolina, aumentando assim as intenções dos consumidores em comprar e visitar estas lojas. De maneira a alcançar o objetivo desta dissertação, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica, na qual um Focus Group foi conduzido, enquanto método exploratório e qualitativo. A pesquisa empírica foi complementada com questionários individuais para cada um dos conceitos avaliados. Os resultados mostram que, de sete tendências iniciais, três são aceites, duas são parcialmente aceitas e outras duas são rejeitadas. Conceitos como Pagamento com Smartphone, Ecrãs Interativos com "Storytelling" e Tutoriais e Cacifos de Recolha de Encomendas receberam o melhor feedback e avaliação por parte dos participantes do Focus Group, provando que devem ser implementados pelos retalhistas no setor das lojas de conveniência. Os resultados desta dissertação também revelaram que novos conceitos a serem aplicados em lojas de conveniência devem contribuir para uma loja mais automatizada, que seja capaz de fornecer serviços personalizados e mais convenientes aos seus clientes - o fator conveniência mostrou ser um fator obrigatório ao inovar numa loja de conveniência. Para além disso, conceitos que contribuam para aproximar o mundo físico do digital serão apreciados pelos clientes. O cliente de hoje já não receia inovações digitais nas lojas, na verdade aceita e quer que as lojas tenham processos digitais. Assim, os retalhistas devem reconhecer o impacto que as novas tendências do retalho têm no comportamento e nas intenções de compra dos clientes em relação às lojas de conveniência. Além disso, devem ter em mente que, apesar da inovação pretendida, o principal objetivo deve ser fornecer experiências e serviços mais convenientes ao cliente.
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Hayakawa, Yoko, and YokoHayakawa. "Individual Franchisee Business Owners’ Strategies in A Convenience Retail Market Dominated By One Franchisor: A Case Study in 7-ELEVEN Chain Convenience Stores Business." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46402813182499064352.

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碩士
南台科技大學
應用英語系
97
The current convenience retail market in Taiwan is full of vitality, and the 7-ELEVEN chain convenience stores are one of the most popular franchisee businesses for Taiwanese franchisees. However, when most people think about purchasing a 7-ELEVEN convenience store, and consider the best choice of joining a franchised business system and gaining huge profits, they are generally not too careful or concerned about unpredictable difficulties and threats which exist in the market. Much research has been undertaken in terms of the obvious advantages of purchasing a franchise business and clearly, the 7-ELEVEN franchise chain system provides franchisees with a beneficial store operation environment. More specifically, most academics and studies focus more on successful strategies from the franchisor’s viewpoint, but little is recorded from the perspective of the franchisees. Nowadays, the convenience retail market is becoming saturated and much more competition than ever before has a huge impact on the franchisees and, even though more and more entrepreneurs enthusiastically set up business as a chain convenience store, having actually operated the store, difficulties and worries begin. Hence, the value of investigating the real market, and evaluating and discovering the advantageous opportunities for those individual franchisee business owners, has become much more significant. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the convenience store sector of the current retail market in Taiwan, and to identify the opportunities and strategies for those franchisee business owners to compete with, not only the external environment, but also the internal competitive one.
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Tsai, Ying-Fang, and 蔡英芳. "The newspaper purchase behavior research report of “consumer to convenience store purchase retail sales newspaper”." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w2z335.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班
97
Taiwan media market faces a big innovation due to the internal and external circumstance has been changed continuously, for this reason all the management of media became difficulty more and more. Such as the news of “China time” sold their business operation by Jun 2008 to “ Wang Wang “ group was a big shock to everyone . A big competition not only come from print media , newspaper journalism itself but also from cable TV and network . It made the Taiwan newspaper marketing scheme from the original Two company monopolized the newspaper market became Three company and now have 4 newspaper company --- CHINA TIMES, UNITED DAILY NEWS,THE LIBERTY TIMES, APPLE DAILY. The newspaper no longer the main source or channel for the reader , the compatriot reading rate,reading behavior, reading hours is reducing by a wide margin. Due the convenience chain store was set up everywhere, and the change of Taiwan people’s living type , cause the retail style of newspaper has already become the main power of newspaper issuing. Sales volume of retail newspaper will be the goal of newspaper circulation, and the sales volume depend on the consumers purchase behavior finally . But the speech at present, consumer buy the newspaper , per different area and different kindly of newspaper, the consumer buy from convenience chair store up 85% - 95% , especially Apple daily newspaper put all main sales volume on retail market. So that, it turn very important of retail market and the convenience chain store at now , we , all shall look back to re-consider the sales currency of retail newspaper and take more concentration to real understanding the purchasing behavior for the consumer .   This research report probe into the effect sale of retail newspaper by competition of marketing 4P (product , pricing , promotion, and passageway ) and external influence of politics. We focus the main research object on the consumer behavior of retail newspaper from Taiwan province , 10 major city, 4 most bigger retail chain store ,( included 7-11, Family market , OK market, Life market ) , we take the way of paper investigation for the consumer behavior questionnaire and visit in depth , analyze all working scheme and sales tactic for all management of retails newspaper. The part of consumer’s behavior investigation ( the report of investigation altogether 1,200 ), it major on the appearance of buying ability by the change of buying in demography , the factors of purchase decision. The other part of visit in depth , we go to visit the manager of newspaper office to discuss about the working scheme and sale tactic . The most important thing is that we shall take the point of view from the consumer and focus on the influence of purchasing behavior, and then making comprehensive analysis with the marketing tactics of the newspaper office people again , and provide analysis report for consulting.
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YANG, CHIH-CHIANG, and 楊志強. "A Study on Constructing Consumer-based Differential Retail Service System─As an example for convenience chain stores." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59425104713211412191.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
生產系統工程與管理研究所
91
Retailing is at the end of the loop of distribution channel and a direct department of consumer relationship. By a lot of style, Retailer provides goods or services to the end of consumers. However, market has become intensely these years, and customers consciousness have grown. Retailers must invent and create for demand of customers diversification. This study is mainly for the basic of customers, and building a retail service model of diversification. To get the lowest cost , the best flexible, and quality of service by the conditional of limit of resources at this moment. Convenient store as an example is mainly discuss in this study. The construction is divided into(1)It is confirmed the property of retail service demand of customers by question sheets.(2)After confirmed the purchase property of customer, we process important items by Plato ABC analysis.(3)To understand evaluate performance of retail and differential of customer demand by evaluate performance.(4)To understand the retailing in superior and weakness of every customer by competition position analysis. To maintain competition superior causing behavior differential by time cost analysis. Also, we need to concern the service property to improve the disadvantage. Finally, the main purpose will build a retail service model by the basic of differential of customer, to obtain a balance of providers and customers, dealing with overall environment change and differential of customer demand.
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32

Lennon, Michael. "Walking the talk! Re-invigorating accessible healthy food retail as an anchor of urban livelihood: a shopping list for planners." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30853.

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Between the 1970s and 2014, Winnipeg experienced dramatic change in the distribution of healthy food retailers in inner-city neighbourhoods. Winnipeg’s “active core” neighbourhoods identified through Dr. David Gordon’s research on Canadian suburbs (Gordon & Jean 2011), have undergone a decline in accessible healthy food options and a rise in food deserts. This practicum identifies the causes of food retail decline and possible strategies for improving accessible healthy food retail options within Winnipeg’s active core. The changes in the distribution of food retail over time in Winnipeg are displayed through a series of maps: one for 1971 and every five years thereafter until 2011, and the year 2014, using data collected through telephone directories. Spatial data of Winnipeg’s active core is compared with population density data, informational maps, and other statistical data. Finally, various stakeholders, including planners, current and former business owners and other experts are interviewed to discuss these trends, lessons learned, and possible solutions.
October 2015
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33

Mau, Ming-Ha, and 毛明華. "A Study of the Retail Industry in Taiwan(Refer To Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Stores)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65150096849290754473.

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碩士
義守大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
95
The target subjects in the study were Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Store retail business by empirical study. The study started with the understanding and analysis of the background and value among Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Store retail business, then inducted the four patterns, -- Business Model, Revenue Model, Profit Model, Critical Success Factors .after discussing strategies of operation, service and business hours. I will make a comparison among this three cases. This thesis of primary data and secondary data of these three cases were collected that included management strategy, market information, and financial reports. First I used financial reports and Revenue Model to compare why this three cases can have gotten profit and how to get progress and adjust strategic. Second, I used Business Model and Profit Model to find the same and difference in Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Store retail business .After comparison, I can advice which is good for learning and where is bad for adjustment. Finally, the empirical study and the method of SWOT (Strength, Weak, Opportunity, Threat) analysis are used to investigate these three cases. The results show that the Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Store retail business are the leading brand name in the market of retail stores in terms of market share, revenues, and profits. At last, I make a conclusion and advice for the Department Stores、Convenience Stores and General Merchandise Store retail business . Key word: retail business,Business Model, Revenue Model, Profit Model, Critical Success Factors
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34

Sirimarco, Cassio. "An examination of Correios’ product portfolio and its best solution to overcome challenges in the convenience/retail segment." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/20261.

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Product portfolio has always been a challenge for most companies. Increasing or reducing it may impact positively or negatively your company. Therefore, a careful analysis is needed, and most times, it is not enough. The purpose of this study is to show Correios and its product portfolio in the convenience/ retail sector. The goal is to find an efficient strategy to shrink its portfolio to stay competitive in the market, reduce costs and increase overall revenue. Surveys and interviews were conducted to show that the spectrum of product portfolio goes beyond the marketing department. There are many external influences that if not thought of can affect tremendously the business of your firm. Doubts arise when evaluating whether shrinking the portfolio is the best solution for Correios, as other postal companies became successful increasing its product portfolio. The study shows that there are no ways of proving which one is best (shrink or not) but often demonstrates that the external influences can provide an important analysis for determining the most adequate solution.
O portfólio de produtos sempre foi um desafio para grande parte das empresas. Seu aumento ou diminuição pode impactar sua empresa positiva ou negativamente. Portanto, uma análise cuidadosa é necessária, e na maioria das vezes, não é suficiente. O propósito deste estudo é mostrar os Correios e seu portfólio de produtos na esfera do setor de conveniência. O objetivo é encontrar uma estratégia eficiente para reduzir este portfólio para com as finalidades de se manter competitiva no mercado, reduzir custos e aumentar as receitas. Pesquisas e entrevistas foram conduzidas para mostrar que o portfólio de produtos vai muito além do âmbito de marketing. As influências externas, quando não antecipadas, impactam tremendamente os negócios da sua empresa. Quando avaliamos se diminuir o portfólio é a melhor solução para os Correios, dúvidas surgem, principalmente por outras empresas do ramo terem apresentado sucesso quando aumentaram o seu leque de produtos. Este estudo mostra que é impossível provar que aumentar o portfólio de produtos é melhor do que diminuir, e vice-versa. Porém, demonstra que as influências externas fornecem uma importante análise para determinar qual é a solução mais adequada.
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Steyn, Johan Stewart. "The ideal tenant mix and shopping centre size for the proposed Thatchfield Convenience Centre." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001322.

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M. Tech. Business Administration
This study was motivated by the lack of adequate convenience retail shopping facilities for the residents of the study area, comprising Thatchfield Residential Estate, The Reeds, Heuweloord and a small portion of Rooihuiskraal. Tenants generate the income for a shopping centre and therefore the value of this type of retail property to the owners depends on the forecast of consumer demand for the products or services sold by tenants. Through balanced tenancy, the stores in a planned shopping centre complement each other in the quality and variety of their products offerings, and the type and number of stores are linked to the overall need of the population of the catchment area.
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36

shu-jing, xu, and 許淑淨. "Analysis the Feasibility on Implement VMI and Expect Performance Assessment of the Retail Sale of General Merchandise of Convenience Story." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51736298820744908538.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
商務經營研究所
93
Present enterprises often think how to promote the efficiency of supply chain, about making cost reduce and profit raise. Stocks control ability is one of the factors of key success. More and more enterprises adopt Vendor Managed Inventory to expect to satisfy consumer demand and fast adjusting ability in the market with commodity. Improving supply chain’s bullwhip effect makes most use of low circulation of commodities cost in the commodity channel. Because VMI has already a lot of cases of success in the retail business, for this reason, this research wants to analysethe feasibility on implement VMI and expect to perform assessment of the retail sale of general merchandise of convenience story. The first, I made up 4 dimensions and 30 principles to support VMI assess the basis in performance by historical literature. The Second, by this way of visiting and reference to the questionnaire to fill out and answer to help enterprises made the performance assessing that uses fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the convenience story belongs to a bit in success on the performance that expects to perform VMI is weighed. But project executor saying” about the analysis the feasibility on implement VMI of the retail sale of general merchandise of convenience story is very identify but valuation is not high.”
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37

Wu, Hui-Ling, and 巫惠鈴. "Innovation of Business Models and Social Media Marketing Affecting Operational Performance: A Case Study of Taiwan's Retail Chain Convenience Stores." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4bjfq6.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理系碩士專班
106
The development of the Internet has not only changed the way people communicate with each other, but also changed their past consumption habits. Convenience stores are also changing the living habits of people. This study explores the current business model innovation and social media marketing in Taiwan's convenience store industry. In the case studies social media marketing and operational performance relevance business model innovation and operational performance relevance. Through data analysis and interview results, we can know that social media marketing has been widely used in convenience stores, combining the needs and characteristics of different business districts to create differentiation through small business circle activities and bring more business. Business opportunities, while convenience stores use social media marketing, FB posts or lines provide preferential information to attract customers to the store, thereby increasing the customer's loyalty, so that although the overall number of visitors is reduced, the turnover is still improving. Finally, company A and competition The biggest difference between opponents is the strength of the connection of the entire group. From the strategy of the exhibition store to the introduction of the products of related companies, whether it is procurement, marketing, personnel, logistics, etc., make other competitors are difficult to surpass it.
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38

Liu, DengHer, and 劉登和. "The Store Image of Retail Industry and Marketing Mix Strategy - Use Convenience Voluntary Store and General Merchandise Store as an Example." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18823060137900694014.

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39

Mendonça, Filipe de Amaral Pedro Bota de. "New trends in marketing: the impact in convenience store's atmosphere." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16368.

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The decision to apply atmospheric elements to the store environment has been implemented by many managers with favorable outcomes for the company and the clients. Despite the usual application of the traditional stimulus (e.g. color, light, music, scent) the effect of implementing new trends in marketing on the retail space remains unclear. These future trends include hybrid stores, interactive screens, new payment methods, customer-employee interaction, revolving decors, retailtainment, storytelling, co-creation, reverse channels and store mood zones. The effects of these trends become even more unpredictable if these are implemented in the convenience store sector. Hence, the goal of this master’s dissertation is to validate the impact of the new trends in marketing in convenience store’s atmosphere to impact the Portuguese customers. This dissertation reached the established goal through the study of the relevant literature and empirical application. Based on case studies from the literature, the research questions were formulated. These research questions consider the impact of hybrid stores, interactive screens, new payment methods, customer-employee interaction, revolving decor and new products, services and retail formats on the convenience store environment. Furthermore, the empirical research included an exploratory and qualitative methodology (focus group and virtual reality). The following results were confirmed in this study: displaying a parapharmacy showcase will increase the sales of the store (hybrid stores); an employee’s positive attitude will increase the satisfaction of the experience and affect the loyalty of the customer (customer-employee interaction); selling healthy food will increase the shopping intentions; the existence of a printer/copy machine will increase the interest of going to a convenience store and a fresh and natural convenience store concept will attract more customers (new retail products, services and retail formats). Other trends such as the interactive menu screen and the revolving decor (digital signage) were considered with some potential even though the insights were not sufficient to validate the research questions. The rest of the research questions were not conclusive or rejected by the empirical findings. Despite the shortcomings of this study, convenience store retail managers in Portugal must, therefore, understand the potential of these solutions towards convenience stores, but must also always consider the consumption habits of Portuguese consumers.
Estímulos sensoriais em ambiente de loja (cor, luz, música e aroma), têm sido largamente implementados por muitos gestores trazendo resultados bastante positivos tanto para as empresas como para os clientes que entram na loja. Pelo contrário se considerarmos as novas tendências de marketing estas acabam por ainda não ser muito abordadas na atmosfera de loja. Estas novas tendências incluem lojas híbridas, ecrãs interativos, novos métodos de pagamentos, relação empregado-cliente, decoração rotativa, "retailtainment", "storytelling", co-criação, canais invertidos e criação de vários ambientes em loja. O impacto destas novas tendências é ainda menos estudado no sector das lojas de conveniência. Assim sendo, o principal objetivo desta dissertação é validar o impacto destas novas tendências de marketing no contexto do ambiente das lojas de conveniência, em especial para os consumidores portugueses. A questão de partida foi definida após um estudo intensivo da literatura científica e aplicação empírica existente sobre o tema. As questões de investigação foram definidas tendo por base estudos de caso das novas tendências existentes na literatura. As questões de investigação pretendem avaliar o impacto de algumas tendências num ambiente de loja de conveniência, tais como lojas híbridas, ecrãs interativos, novos métodos de pagamento, interação entre empregados e clientes, decoração rotativa e novos produtos, serviços e formatos de retalhos. O método adotado para responder a estas questões foi uma metodologia exploratória e qualitativa ("focus group" e experimentação de realidade virtual). Foram aprovadas as seguintes questões de investigação: a exposição de uma vitrine de parafarmácia irá aumentar as vendas da loja (lojas híbridas); uma atitude positiva por parte dos empregados aumenta a satisfação do cliente e influencia e lealdade do mesmo (interação entre empregados e clientes); vender comida saudável numa loja de conveniência aumenta as intenções de consumo de quem visita a loja; a existência de uma máquina de fotocópias aumenta o interesse a ir a uma loja de conveniência e por fim um novo conceito de loja de conveniência com produtos frescos e naturais vai atrair mais consumidores (novos produtos, serviços e formatos de retalhos). Outras tendências de marketing apresentadas na parte empírica, como menus interativos e decoração rotativa (sinalização digital) foram consideradas com algum potencial, apesar do "feedback" dos participantes não ter sido totalmente conclusivo. As restantes questões de investigação do estudo foram rejeitadas ou tiveram resultados inconclusivos.Apesar das limitações deste estudo, os gestores das cadeias de lojas de conveniência em Portugal devem capitalizar estas soluções para as suas lojas, não esquecendo os hábitos de consumo do consumidor Português.
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40

CHEN, CHING-YI, and 陳青儀. "A Study of Impact of Retail Store Image, Trust, Word of Mouth and Convenience on Customer Purchasing Intention – A case of “PXmart”." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jhj325.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
106
In recent years, Taiwan's retail supermarket industry has continued to deepen its efforts to expand its stores in the community. The Group strengthened its raw and processed fruits and vegetables and increased its sales of products. In addition, it adopted a strategy of low prices and products differentiation, introduced a membership system, opened credit cards and stored value cards. As a result, the turnover has risen year by year. As the diversification of goods sold in the retail supermarket industry is more and more active, the competition between the stores becomes more and more fierce. How to attract consumers to choose or purchase becomes an important issue facing the enterprises one. Outdated research shows that companies should pay more attention to their store image and build consumer trust in their services because of consumer trust and satisfaction Word of mouth is considered the cheapest and easiest to attract new consumers Instead of spending a lot of TV commercials, billboards and more. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of store image, trust, word-of-mouth and convenience on customer purchase intention. For the purpose of this study, this study analyzed the method of data collection network acquisition questionnaire survey, and statistical software SPSS and structural equation model tests the validity and reliability of measurement facets. The results show that the retail store image has a significant impact on convenience, customer trust, word-of-mouth and consumers 'intention to purchase; convenience, customer's word of mouth and consumer's purchase intention have a significant impact; In addition, customer's trust for consumers' purchase Intentions have no significant effect.
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41

Chia-Wei, Chang, and 張家瑋. "A Study on The Space Structure and Consumer Behavior of Retail Industry in Chiayi City-A Case Study of Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and Convenience Stores." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12579223216106995933.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
史地學系碩士班
93
National Chiayi University Department of History and Geography Master Thesis Thesis Title:A Study on The Space Structure and Consumer Behavior of Retail Industry in Chiayi City-A Case Study of Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and Convenience Stores Adviser:Chang Chun-Chia Student:Chang Chia-Wei Abstract This thesis is analyzing the relationship between the location of hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores and consumer behavior;meanwhile, to assay the space structure of retail industries in Chiayi City. In an opinion of the commercial condition of supply side conduct retailers’ space distribution and positional character. Run the figures through the service area to delimit new area, amount of consumers and expendable custom. At the other aspect of consumers’ acts recognize the properties of consumers and their own identities of acknowledgement. According to stands of the consumers behavior (both expectance and real) seek the relationship between buying decision and spacing structure of the retail industries in Chiayi. Throughout this study we can find out that the space distribution of the retailers disproportionately, they obviously concentrates in the urban district of city. Because of the disproportion, the suburban retailers own a larger service area; on the contrary, at the highly competitive town, the service area is so little. We observe the motive of consumers that have several considerations. The factor of “the nearest distances” is taking the highest rate in urban area, besides various class ranks go different area shopping also. We count the statistics of consumers’ properties to make a conclusion:1. sexual aspect:there are not apparently difference between hypermarkets and convenience stores;2. age aspect:the younger consumers go convenience stores shopping frequently;3. marriage aspect:the married are the main consumers of hypermarkets and supermarkets;4. education aspect:the well educated consumers prefer hypermarkets and supermarkets to others;5. occupation aspect:there aren’t apparently concentrate among the three kinds of retailers, the proportion among the occupation are high. Through the space graphic and the analysis we can know that there is some different between the reality and the expected. The space distant of the hypermarkets is within the expected of the consumer but the supermarket and the convenient store are different. Because of the space distribution is concerted, the really situation can’t fill the bill. So that the supermarket and the convenient store that is belong to the society can’t totally conform to the space distribution structure of the consumer’s expect. Keywords:hypermarkets、supermarkets、convenience stores、space structure、consumer behavior
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42

Chen, Yi-Jyun, and 陳怡君. "The Development of Relationship Between The International Retail Technology Transfer and Corporate Social Capital as shown on The Uni-President Convenience Store in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jpy769.

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碩士
國立東華大學
社會學系
102
Abstract The purpose of this research is to get a better knowledge about the application of social capital as the multinational retail enterprises operate. The subject focuses on the impact and the role social capital plays when the convenience store in Taiwan managing international technology transfers. Nan Lin (2005) considers that social capital is the resources inserting in the networks of relationships, and that the actor can get and use these resources. The concept includes two aspects: the resource which inserted in social relationships but not possessed by individual, and the individual of the networks who have the power to obtain and apply the resource. In this research, we anticipate to interpret the multinational retail enterprises in Taiwan by the concept of social capital. By the book Path Godfather Hsu Chung-Jen’s Note-35 Years of Farewell from PCSC, we interpret the process which 7-ELEVEN was introduced in Taiwan by President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC), developing issues from the text and the documents. In this research, we use semi-structured interview to know how the internal executive manager of convenience store operates social capitals in the process of introducing. Consulting the process of introduction in Taiwan by multinational retail enterprises, we depict the developing pictures of technology importing country while the multinational retail enterprise expands and transfers. Through qualitative analysis, we found that Taiwan’s multinational retail enterprises have the abilities of influencing and creating consumer purchasing habits, also the capability of devising labor clearly, applying the structural hole and strong links theory. The research suggests two conclusions: one is that the internal industry is made of marketing cooperation which is composed mainly by distributors, introducing the convenience stores and hence pushing the enterprise forward; the other one is that the establishment of social capitals possessing by multinational retail enterprise comes from the continual transformation between financial capitals and social capitals.
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43

Aires, Isabel Alexandra dos Santos. "Shrinking shrinkage: how and why is fruit shrinkage being caused in Sonaemc's convenience stores? Finding opportunities of improvement envisioning its optimization." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15658.

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This work project regards a challenge presented by a Portuguese organization on the retail sector, SONAEMC, which is a case study of how and why fruit shrinkage occurs in the fruit supply chain within their convenience stores. A qualitative research methodology enabled to infer in which stages throughout the chain shrinkage’s causes occur and, to conclude that internal rules for procedures and processes are not always followed and whose compliance would be enough to reduce fruit shrinkage. The key conclusion is that if fruit stock loss is reduced by as much as 15% the category’s profitability could increase about 8%.
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44

Lee, Chia-chu, and 李嘉駒. "The Research on International Transfer Process of the Retail Sale System of Convenience Stores in Taiwan and Japan -A Comparative Analysis between PCSC and 7-ELEVEN JAPAN-." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91837345832937420574.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
應用日語所
98
Abstract The Borderless Age has come, and under the tide of globalization, parts of the retail sale channel brands have walked out of the countries’ gateways by waves. Leading by each major retail sale enterprise in Europe and the USA, internationalization has progressed very fast especially after 1990s, and the issue of retail sale industry internationalization has started to draw people’s attention. However, up to now, most of the research fields regarding enterprise internationalization have given priority to manufacturing industry, and the research that takes retail sale industry as the subject is comparatively not much. The main cause is that the retail sale industry and the manufacturing industry have different attributes. The retail sale industry is the so-called local industry, and the consumers of home country are taken as its chief target market; therefore, it must have a high adaptation ability to the distribution system and consumers’ demands in the home country. Hence, the development of retail sale industry internationalization is relatively slower, and the research results are much fewer than those of manufacturing industry. Most of the research of retail sale industry at the initial stage of internationalization applies the research results of manufacturing industry. Consequently, they can not completely explain the contained special features while retail sale industry internationalization takes place. For example, the retail sale industry is doing business activities, and does not produce products. Therefore at the stage of internationalization, the export mode does not exist, and most of the proprietors adopt the way of contract or investment to do it. For this reason, to establish the theoretical foundation peculiar to retail sale industry is really significant. Based on the above-mentioned viewpoints, and from the existing literature, the dissertation found that regarding the retail sale industry internationalization research, the exploration to the retail sale system’s international transfer is comparatively insufficient, and the relevant investigation of change that occurs after the retail sale system is transferred overseas is especially rare. Besides, nowadays, the retail sale industry has numerous types of operation, and to do the research and investigation of all types of operation at the same time is impossible. So, from the angle of the necessity of doing the investigation on varied types of operation respectively, the dissertation chose the convenience stores 7-ELEVEN in Taiwan and Japan as the subjects to do the research of the retail sale system’s international transfer. In the past, the content of the research that took the convenience stores 7-ELEVEN as the subjects was mostly the discussion from the viewpoint of innovation of retail sale know-how or integration of manufacturing and sales. Dissimilarly, the dissertation skipped the existing research framework, took the internationalization of convenience stores as the main content of exploration, which is different from those in the past and with its own features. Moreover, the past research about retail sale industry internationalization was chiefly either “outside-in internationalization” that introduces the technology from overseas via a contract, or “inside-out internationalization” that a domestic retail sale enterprise develops overseas by the way of investment. The dissertation combined these two kinds of research framework, and proposed the research viewpoint of “outside-in first and then inside-out” that is distinct from those in the past to do the investigation; hence, the places of investigation were not merely one country or two countries, but more than three countries. The dissertation adopted literature research method principally with the analyses of partial official and civil statistic data as auxiliary. Although the concrete statistics were somewhat insufficient, generally speaking, the original research target was completed and achieved. Hopefully, the dissertation’s research results can be beneficial for those with lofty ideals for promoting retail sale industry internationalization.
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45

Shumba, Knowledge. "Franchising in a volatile business environment: a case of the fast food industry in Harare, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/769.

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46

Yeh, Su-Fen, and 葉淑芬. "The Degree of Centralization of Intra-Channel Decision-Making and Communication Structures and Its Impact on the Performance and Satisfaction of Retail Store Mangers-An Example for Convenience Stores." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32721748960052540815.

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碩士
元智大學
管理研究所
90
The major purpose of this research intends to investigate the issue of how the distribution of scanner-generated information within a chain-store organization affects the relationship between corporate managers at headquarters and store managers at local branch stores. Subjective and objective analysis models were used respectively to probe into the notion of sharing information and/or even sharing merchandising decision power with local branch managers, that is, the match (or mismatch) of decision-making and communication structure in terms of degree of centralization. Besides, how would personal characteristics, such as the strategic capability and the need of control, affect the reaction of the local store manager to the prospect of “local empowerment” and the intra—channel relationship in terms of conflict and satisfaction? Moreover, particular attention was made on the new practice called “flexible shelf-space arrangement,” recently adopted by 7-Eleven in Taiwan. The hypothesis of this paper is based on the statement of “the better matched of the decision-making and communication structure, the lower the conflict level, and the higher the satisfaction and performance level it would reach between corporative managers and store managers. The main contributions for this study are as follows: (1) The communication structure within the chain-store organization should be matched with decision-making structure. (2) Whether the store manager is willing to get the information of merchandise proactively or not can be an index to measure the capability of the store managers. (3) The headquarters of chain stores should recruit store managers who possess unique personal characteristics based on the specific feature of this organization. (4) Most store managers in 7-Eleven have a positive and supportive attitude toward the new practice of flexible shelf-space arrangement.
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47

Figueiredo, Francisco Bravo de Almeida e. Silva. "Estratégias de resposta da Auchan Retail Portugal aos hábitos de consumo dos portugueses na era do digital." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28261.

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Neste estudo são exploradas algumas das dimensões tidas como relevantes no processo de compra de bens de retalho alimentar do consumidor português, tanto na sua decisão entre insígnias de distribuição alimentar, como na escolha do canal de compras a utilizar. Realizada uma contextualização do setor e uma caracterização destas dimensões (preço, conveniência, confiança, diversidade de oferta), elaborou-se um estudo de caso de ordem reflexiva com o objetivo de perceber a perceção do consumidor português quanto ao peso destas dimensões nas suas decisões e hábitos de consumo. Através de um inquérito por questionários administrado presencialmente a 100 sujeitos num dos pontos de venda da insígnia Auchan em Portugal, averiguou-se que dimensões mais encorajam o consumidor português a utilizar o canal de compras online em deterioramento da compra em loja e vice-versa, como também quais as dimensões mais importantes na escolha entre insígnias e estabelecimentos de distribuição alimentar. Posteriormente, através de um trabalho de pesquisa sobre as estratégias e investimentos mais atuais da Auchan, averiguou-se que estas demonstram uma forte correspondência com as necessidades e exigências do consumidor português nos dias de hoje, sendo que vão ao encontro da sua valorização nas diversas dimensões retratadas.
This study explores some of the dimensions considered relevant in the Portuguese consumer purchasing process of retail goods, both in their decision between food distribution corporations and shopping channels. After a characterization of the sector and these dimensions (price, convenience, confidence, diversity), a reflexive case study was elaborated with the purpose of understanding the Portuguese consumer’s perception in terms of the weight these dimensions take on their decisions and consumption habits. Through a questionnaire survey administered in person to 100 subjects at one of the Auchan’s stores in Portugal, it was examined which dimensions encourage the use of the online shopping channel the most, as well as which are the most important ones in the choice between food distributors and stores. After that, through a research work on Auchan’s most current strategies and investments, it was verified that these show a strong correspondence with the current needs and demands of the Portuguese consumers, being that they meet their valuation in the various dimensions addressed.
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48

"How information technology (IT) can help the Hong Kong grocery retailer to gain competitive advantage over his rivals." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888930.

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Abstract:
by Hui Peter.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 65).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.vi
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Scope and Statement of the Problem --- p.1
Definition --- p.2
Grocery Retail Industry --- p.2
Scanning --- p.4
EDI --- p.4
The Company --- p.5
Objectives --- p.7
Methodology --- p.8
Chapter II. --- PRESENT SITUATION AND PROBLEM AREAS --- p.9
Accounting System --- p.9
Tangible .Problem --- p.10
Prices Change --- p.10
Price Marking --- p.13
Pricing Control --- p.13
Store Shrinkage --- p.14
Intangible Problems --- p.14
Product Movement --- p.15
Monitor Promotion --- p.16
Customer Information --- p.17
Manpower Shortage --- p.17
Chapter III. --- THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCANNING AND EDI --- p.19
Electronic Point-of-Sale (EPOS) Terminal --- p.19
Bar Code Scanner --- p.20
Mechanics Of EPOS Terminal --- p.21
Scanning System --- p.23
EDI Concept --- p.24
Chapter IV. --- THE BENEFITS OF SCANNING AND EDI --- p.26
Tangible Benefits - Scanning --- p.26
Elimination Of Prices Change --- p.26
Reduction In Price Marking And Price Change Labour --- p.27
Reduction In Store Shrinkage --- p.27
Increase In Checkout Productivity --- p.28
Reduction In Store Bookkeeping --- p.28
Intangible Benefits - Scanning --- p.29
Improved Product Movement Information --- p.29
Markdown Losses --- p.30
Improved Customer Information --- p.30
Customer Benefits --- p.31
Front-End Labour Scheduling --- p.31
Security --- p.31
Simplified Training --- p.32
Use Of Plastic Money --- p.32
EDI Benefits --- p.32
Purchasing --- p.33
Inventory --- p.34
Invoices --- p.34
Chapter V. --- HOW TO GET STARTED --- p.35
Vendor Presentation --- p.35
Talk To Other Retailers --- p.36
Define Goals To Achieve --- p.36
Costs And Benefits Analysis --- p.37
Set Up Steering Committee And Project Team --- p.38
Project Planning --- p.39
Implementation Plan --- p.40
Monitoring Plan --- p.41
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.42
APPENDIX --- p.44
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.65
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49

Edwards, Lauren Jean. "RediClinic : an evaluation of a convenient care clinic in a shifting medical landscape." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2461.

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This paper offers in-depth look at the convenient care/retail clinic industry in the context of today’s changing medical landscape with specific focus on Texas-based RediClinic. In addition to a detailed analysis of RediClinic, this paper proposes detailed advertising, marketing and social media recommendations that will aid RediClinic in bolstering its brand image and expanding its client base. Every suggested tactic is framed within the rapidly changing healthcare environment present in America, and specific focus is given to the recent passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This paper attempts to aid RediClinic in understanding and leveraging its most important strengths: its strong position within the Texas market, and its service to those who are currently uninsured.
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50

Chueh, Jia-Shiuan, and 闕嘉萱. "Implementation into GMDH for Customer Relationship Management—Case for Convenient Stores of Retail Trade." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44900176289855082315.

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碩士
元智大學
工業工程研究所
89
In this research, we propose a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) model constructed by Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) neural network. Purchasing amount each time and frequency per week are our targets to considered in the CRM model, the well-established CRM model can be used as a reference index in the capital analysis. At present, it requires experts or scholars to manipulate CRM models, however, the complexity of the variables, it’s not easy to setup a satisfactory CRM model to use. In this thesis, we will use the merits of GMDH to establish a CRM model. The GMDH is a self-organizing method, it can find a best model between input variables and output variable by self-learning, and give the most significant factors at the end automatically. We use real data with size 217 to validate the constructed model, and then study the performance of the proposed model by simulation. The simulated data is generated according to the distributions of input variables in 217 real data. The input variables considered in the CRM model include sex, age, income, education, job, satisfactory of goods, satisfactory of service , satisfactory of environment. The simulation results show that the purchasing frequency of GMDH output is effected by data sample size, while the accuracy of purchasing amount is increasing as sample size is large enough.
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