Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retail trade areas

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Retail trade areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Retail trade areas"

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Danylo, Svitlana. "Efficiency of innovations in retail trade." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(137) (2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-3-8.

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The trade is the most important area of forming and stabilizing of consumer market, the coordinating link in the system of cross-sectoral, regional and interregional links and the efficient mechanism of meeting social needs. Retail trade performs the range of important functions in providing the socio-economic development of a region, rational distribution of production forces and resources and forming of financial-investment capacity of territories’ balanced and sustainable growth. However, lack of effective regional policy leads to the shortfall in GRP and industry income, growing problem of import dependency, reduced employment, revenues and labour remuneration, etc. The paper aims to evaluate current condition and trends of retail trade development and to define preconditions of efficient use of innovations in retail trade. Development condition and trends of retail trade in stores are analyzed, the problems of their development are defined and preconditions of efficient use of innovations in retail trade are outlined. Considering innovative development as the process of positive qualitative changes in innovative condition of an enterprise is characterized. Innovations in retail trade are classified by types. Efficient ways to develop retail trade innovations taking into account the crisis situation and to realize them in perspective are suggested. The article proves that trade is one of the most successful areas for introduction of innovations. Innovations introduced in retail trade will not be neglected by consumers and their efficient use improves the efficiency of stores’ activity.
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Mazankova, Т. V. "Differentiation of retail trade in the Khabarovsk Territory." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 95, no. 2 (2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-95-2-73-85.

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The lack of trade services can lead to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, and as a result, the outflow of the population to other regions. It is necessary to assess the dynamics, scale and level of retail trade development in the Khabarovsk Territory, to assess the intraregional differentiation of the population's access to retail trade services. Conclusions are drawn about an increase in the concentration of trade in the cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as an increase in the differentiation in the consumption of retail trade services in the regions of the region. Areas with insufficient provision of retail space were identified. The directions of state regulation in this matter are proposed.
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ZHAO, Shichen, and Satoshi HAGISHIMA. "ESTIMATING BALANCED SALES AREAS OF RETAIL TRADE WITH CONSIDERATION INVESTMENT THEORY." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 70, no. 591 (2005): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.70.133_2.

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Boots, Barry, and Robert South. "Modeling retail trade areas using higher-order, multiplicatively weighted voronoi diagrams." Journal of Retailing 73, no. 4 (December 1997): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(97)90033-6.

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Twardzik, Małgorzata, and Krystian Heffner. "Small Towns and Rural Areas – as A Prospective Place of Modern Retail Trade Formats in Poland." European Countryside 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0005.

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Abstract Retail trade and services are becoming the most dynamically developing sector of non-agricultural activity in Polish rural areas. State-owned and cooperative stores have been closed down and they were replaced mostly by private stores. There are more and more commercial outlets of various formats, including supermarket chains, discount stores and integrated chains. Despite growing number of modern retail trade formats, traditional small-format, often referred to as local market is also really important. New trading posts in small towns and rural areas are mainly located in the zones of influence of larger cities. They affect many changes of spatial, social and economic character. Small towns and rural areas surrounding them more and more frequently start to compete for further retail trade investments while noticing lots of benefits and costs of this process. The aim of the article is to show the scale of new retail investment in small towns and rural areas in Poland. Research devoted to this field is important from the point of view of choosing the location of new investments related to discount chains and of the strategy for the development of small towns and rural areas. Identification of consequences of the operation of discount chains in chosen rural areas and in small towns can impact the verification of the policy adopted by local authorities in relation to spatial planning and forming the functional structure.
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Joseph, Lawrence, and Michael Kuby. "The Location Types of US Retailers." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016100101.

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This manuscript presents the results of an inductive analysis of the types of locations chosen by US retailers. Using a large cross-sectional database, including fifty US retail chains and over 70,000 store locations, a classification of retail location types is presented using cluster analysis on situational and trade area data. These data are then applied to create a location profile for each retailer. Based on the results of the first cluster analysis, a second cluster analysis then groups together the chains with the most similar location profiles. A total of twelve distinct location types were identified in the first cluster analysis. Eight groupings of retailers with similar location profiles were identified in the second cluster analysis. Retailers within the same retail business chose similar types of locations and thus were placed in the same clusters. Retailers generally restrict their deployment to one of three overall strategies including metropolitan, large retail areas, or market size variety with specialty retailers favoring large retail areas of urban markets.
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Mateos-Mora, Cristina, María Rosa Herrera-Gutiérrez, and Cristina González-Benítez. "The Impacts of Area-Based Policies on Essential Retail in Vulnerable Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 8023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148023.

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Since the 1990s, urban regeneration has emerged as the main initiative of the European Territorial Development Strategy. A series of integrated urban regeneration policies have subsequently been implemented to redress the socio-territorial imbalance in urban areas by improving the structure of opportunities available to inhabitants. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the effect of such policies of proximity on the “essential retail trade” in neighborhoods in Andalusia. A quasi-experimental methodology was applied using the Difference in Differences (DiD) technique in order to ascertain the changes attributed to the intervention of the projects. In addition, change trends were analyzed using repeat measurements models for each calculated indicator and in the different considered contexts. The findings show an increase in the density and diversity of essential retail businesses in experimental and control areas. We found that in general, intervention had no significant effect on essential retail trade. However, the results do indicate that the impact of these plans is conditioned by the possible effect of different contexts and their specific dynamics (historical districts of large cities or towns on the one hand or peripheral suburbs on the other). The study may contribute to improving the design of integrated policies by controlling for the specificities of urban areas targeted by intervention.
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Bieliaiev, Oleksandr, Iryna Liutenko, and Nataliia Stratiienko. "ALGORITHMIC SUPPORT FOR MULTICRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF RETAIL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 1 (5) (July 12, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2021.01.01.

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This article is devoted to the issues of assessing the effectiveness of information systems for enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods. This article describes the tasks that the retail FMCG trade, as well as the functions of the retail trade, solve. The features of the subject area were considered, which will form the basis for the formation of scales for assessing the effectiveness of information systems. The priorities, tasks, and features of the business model of enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods, depending on the market segment they occupy. Various types of corporate information systems that can be used in retail trade are considered. The analysis of the subject area made it possible not only to determine important metrics for assessing the effectiveness of information systems but also to determine the priority of the requirements for the availability of certain functionality in the information system from each business segment, large, medium and small. Also, the existing standards in the subject areas of software development and enterprise organization were considered. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating information systems for enterprises engaged in consumer goods retail trade that belong to different market segments. The proposed methodology is based on the approach of multi-criteria expert assessment. An example of linguistic variables for one of the questions of the questionnaire for experts is given. The order of operation of the expert system is also presented in the form of an activity diagram. The developed expert information system can be monetized by providing referral links to the products of companies supplying information systems for retail. In the future, it is planned to add the ability for qualified experts to select combination of metrics for assessment, as well as change the assessment scale to increase accuracy. Keywords: information system, retail trade, consumer goods, performance assessment, expert assessments.
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Karimi, Seyed M., Sonali S. Salunkhe, Kelsey B. White, Bert B. Little, W. Paul McKinney, Riten Mitra, YuTing Chen, et al. "Prevalence of unmasked and improperly masked behavior in indoor public areas during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of a stratified random sample from Louisville, Kentucky." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 28, 2021): e0248324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248324.

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Wearing a facial mask can limit COVID-19 transmission. Measurements of communities’ mask use behavior have mostly relied on self-report. This study’s objective was to devise a method to measure the prevalence of improper mask use and no mask use in indoor public areas without relying on self-report. A stratified random sample of retail trade stores (public areas) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, was selected and targeted for observation by trained surveyors during December 14–20, 2020. The stratification allowed for investigating mask use behavior by city district, retail trade group, and public area size. The total number of visited public areas was 382 where mask use behavior of 2,080 visitors and 1,510 staff were observed. The average prevalence of mask use among observed visitors was 96%, while the average prevalence of proper use was 86%. In 48% of the public areas, at least one improperly masked visitor was observed and in 17% at least one unmasked visitor was observed. The average prevalence of proper mask use among staff was 87%, similar to the average among visitors. However, the percentage of public areas where at least one improperly masked staff was observed was 33. Significant disparities in mask use and its proper use were observed among both visitors and staff by public area size, retail trade type, and geographical area. Observing unmasked and improperly masked visitors was more common in small (less than 1500 square feet) public areas than larger ones, specifically in food and grocery stores as compared to other retail stores. Also, the majority of the observed unmasked persons were male and middle-aged.
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Brezdeń, Paweł, and Waldemar Spallek. "Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wielkopowierzchniowych sieci handlowych w województwie dolnośląskim i jego uwarunkowania." Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 6 (January 1, 2010): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.6.22.

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This paper deals with the spatial diversity of modern channels of retail trade represented by large shops (such as hypermarkets, supermarkets and discount shops) in the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. This is presented against the background of the main changes to which Polish retail trade has been subjected in recent years.Despite the dynamic growth of a large retail network in Poland, the internal trade market, especially that of the grocery market, is one of the most fragmented in Europe. This still developing market is where the processes of consolidation and creation of complex networks of large shops will take place in the near future. Changing consumer preferences in favour of modern commercial buildings, but also the investment of foreign and, increasingly, Polish capital have led to this situation.The article sets out the conditions of distribution of large retail areas in the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, which are: population density, the concentration of population (urban areas, cities), level of socio-economic development and the proximity of the German-Polish border. It shows the position of the Dolnośląskie region alongside the rest of the country within the parameters of the research. The Dolnośląskie Voivodeship is a region with a high density of retail space. Its accessibility ratio’s value is slightly lower than in those provinces with the highest values of the index, as a result of its higher population density.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retail trade areas"

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King, Jun-ping Christopher. "Repulse bay commercial redevelopment." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946304.

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金潤賓 and Jun-ping Christopher King. "Repulse bay commerical redevelopment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982864.

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Kodukula, Santhosh Kumarm Ross William. "Retailers, Pedestrianisation and Khao San road /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4737891.pdf.

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Oppenheim, Vicki Ann. "Public Market Trade Areas: Local Goods, Farmers, and Community in the U.S. Southwest Region, 1996-2016." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157534/.

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The number of public markets in the United States increased from more than 300 in the 1970s to more than 8,600 by 2016. This increase in markets is related to changes in food production, localism and the local food systems movement, socioeconomic changes, cultural changes, and perceptions of embeddedness. Research on the underlying conditions for the success of public markets is scant in the United States, and especially in the USDA Southwest Region. This study provides analysis of public market locations as compared with non-market locations by drive-time trade areas during a 20-year period, 1996 and 2016, to gain further insights into factors leading to their success. The results from logit regression analyses and simulations of socioeconomic, college-town status, and climate-grid classifications find an increased likelihood of public markets with population, education, college town status, and some climate-grid locations. Median income, surprisingly, has an inverse relationship with public market success. Qualitative data and a literature review point to three types of embeddedness that motivate customers to attend public markets. This study concludes that "local nontradable consumer goods" tied to place are offered at these "nontradable consumption amenities." These amenities are "third places" that promote social interaction and become important places of community, farmer support, and commerce across the Southwest Region.
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Korn, Juliane. "Transiträume als Orte des Konsums." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15509.

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Insbesondere seit den 1990er Jahren ist international eine wachsende Bedeutung der Transiträume Tankstelle, Flughafen und Bahnhof als Einzelhandels- und Dienstleistungsstandorte zu beobachten. Vielfältige Gründe sowohl auf standortendogener als auch auf standortexogener Seite sind dafür verantwortlich. Nach einer vergleichenden Analyse der drei Transiträume auf allgemeiner Ebene wendet sich die Betrachtung der praktischen Umsetzung der Einzelhandelsansiedlung an den Standorten zu. Für die Flughäfen und Tankstellen geschieht dies mittels einer Literaturauswertung. Der Einzelhandelsstandort Bahnhof wird dagegen im Rahmen einer eigenen empirischen Studie im Großraum Berlin einer speziellen Prüfung unterzogen. Den Ausgangspunkt stellt ein deduktives Modell zum Versorgungsstandort Bahnhof dar, das die wichtigsten Einflussgrößen nennt und zueinander in Beziehung setzt. Ziel des Modells ist es, die Entwicklung eines Bahnhofs zu einem erfolgreichen Versorgungsstandort zu erleichtern. Außerdem hilft es, die Effekte der Bahnhofskommerzialisierung auf Standortcharakter und städtischen Raum abzuschätzen. Der Modellentwurf wird mit Hilfe einer Bestandsaufnahme auf Bahnhofs- und Angebotsseite und einer Besucherbefragung überprüft und inhaltlich konkretisiert, so dass schließlich ein verifiziertes Modell zum Versorgungsstandort Bahnhof vorliegt, das mit empirischen Daten und Planungshilfen untermauert ist und zur Anwendung bereitsteht.
Since the 1990s there has been a growing significance of transit areas like gas stations, airports and railway stations as retail locations. This development is caused by various reasons. Having compared the three types of transit areas in general the thesis illustrates how the setting-up of retail in transit areas is put into practice. The shopping areas of airports and gas stations are presented on the basis of a literature review. The retail in railway stations is analysed by own research. Starting point of the study is a deductive model describing the railway station in its function as retail location. It shows the key elements of the retail system and their relations to each other. The model aims at facilitating the development of profitable shopping areas within railway stations and it helps assess the effects of the commercial using on the location''s character and its surroundings. To check and fill up the model with empirical data own surveys (inventory, interviews) have been carried out in the metropolitan area of Berlin. Eventually a verified model describing the railway station in its function as retail location exists. It is supported by empirical data and planning aids and ready for application.
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Yu, Lap-kee Richard. "A study on possible commercial development opportunities of subterranean space in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13362392.

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Yu, Lap-kee Richard, and 余立基. "A study on possible commercial development opportunities of subterranean space in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258116.

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Roig, Tierno Honorat. "Análisis de áreas comerciales mediante técnicas SIG: Aplicación a la distribución comercial y centros tecnológicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32832.

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Esta Tesis centra la atención en la aplicación que los SIG pueden tener en diferentes campos de la economía como las empresas minoristas o los centros tecnológicos intensivos en conocimiento. Los SIG pueden definirse como el conjunto de herramientas para recoger, almacenar, transformar y mostrar los datos espaciales para un conjunto particular de propósitos (Burrough, 1988). Por su parte, Barredo (1996) precisa que los SIG son sistemas digitales que, a través de un conjunto de herramientas de hardware y de software, permiten el análisis y manipulación de datos geográficos proporcionando una modelación de la realidad. Por una parte, en el sector minorista, la apertura de un nuevo local es un factor crítico ya que comporta una serie de riesgos monetarios y de imagen muy elevados para la empresa. Por ello, resulta clave realizar un correcto análisis de la localización para las nuevas aperturas (Hernández & Bennison, 2000). El uso de los SIG ha facilitado la comprensión de la información geográfica para los gerentes que carecen de conocimientos técnicos, ayudándoles, por tanto, a tomar decisiones difíciles y de gran envergadura (Ozimec et al., 2010). Además, los SIG son capaces de gestionar la información cartográfica con datos alfanuméricos. Por ello, los SIG se están convirtiendo en una herramienta indispensable para la toma de decisiones sobre la localización de establecimientos (Mendes & Themido, 2004). Por otra parte, los centros tecnológicos, cuando se conciben como proveedores de servicios avanzados para permitir la innovación (COTEC, 2003), también pueden ser considerados ¿minoristas¿ cuyo producto son los servicios intensivos en conocimiento o knowledge intensive business services (KIS). Por lo tanto, el concepto de trade areas también se puede aplicar a los centros tecnológicos en cuanto a su ubicación y el diseño de sus estrategias, entre otros aspectos. Así, diferentes autores destacan la importancia de la proximidad geográfica de los centros de tecnología para que puedan ofrecer un servicio eficaz y apoyar a las empresas (Barrio & García-Quevedo, 2005; Tödtling & Kaufmann, 2001). Por ello, en la investigación que se llevará a cabo en esta Tesis, también se aplicarán técnicas GIS a los centros tecnológicos, en un intento de mejorar el conocimiento sobre los determinantes de la distribución espacial entre las empresas asociadas a un centro tecnológico.
Roig Tierno, H. (2013). Análisis de áreas comerciales mediante técnicas SIG: Aplicación a la distribución comercial y centros tecnológicos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32832
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Acuna, Katherine Louise 1960. "Retail pricing of grocery stores in the Tucson metropolitan area." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276833.

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This study employs three ordinary least squares regression equations to analyze retail grocery store prices. The grocery stores studied were from the Tucson metropolitan area. The price data collected consisted of a typical market basket purchased in this market. Different price categories were analyzed in order to determine the relevance of interstore comparisons between two different brand categories, national brand and cheapest brand categories. Grocery prices for the two brands were tested to determine if the organization of retail grocery stores (chain and independents), location of the store, store neighborhood average income, and size (in square feet) of the grocery store affected price.
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Ozuduru, Burcu H. "An empirical analysis of shopping center locations in Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157038477.

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Books on the topic "Retail trade areas"

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Lord, J. Dennis. Retail trade areas and sales estimates. Alexandria, VA (4232 King St., Alexandria, VA, 22302-9950): American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association, 1988.

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Abad, Juan Carlos Gázquez. Areas comerciales, capacidad de compra y riqueza en la provincia de Almería. Almeria: Universidad de Almería, 2000.

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Fabricius, M. P. Port Elizabeth retail analysis: The structure of the northern areas in Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage. Port Elizabeth [South Africa]: University of Port Elizabeth, Institute for Planning Research, 1986.

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Lazzarotti, Raymond. Contribution à la connaissance géographique du commerce français: Synthèse des travaux et analyses de dossiers étudiés. Sceaux: Institut universitaire de technologie, Paris XI, Département de "commerce international", Paris onze édition, 1991.

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Finney, Michael. Finney's finds: The Bay Area's consumer watchdog shows you where to find funky, fun, and cheap deals. Alamo, CA: Wires & Lights Pub., 2013.

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Brad, Miser, and Partington Marta Justak, eds. The Microsoft Merchant server book: The Webmaster's guide to building an online storefront : Windows NT. Research Triangle Park, NC: Ventana, 1997.

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McGoldrick, Peter J. Regional shopping centres: Out-of-town or in-town shopping. Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1992.

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McGoldrick, Peter J. Regional shopping centres: Out-of-townversus in-town. Aldershot: Avebury, 1992.

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United States. Bureau of the Census, ed. 1992 economic census of outlying areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1995.

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Rural trade: Best European practices : local distributive trades in less-favoured rural areas. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retail trade areas"

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Ozment, John, and Michael A. Jones. "Changing Economic Conditions of Small Rural Trade Areas: Some Notes on the Presence of Discount Retail Chains." In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 451–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13254-9_90.

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Wang, Shuguang, and Paul Du. "Trade Area Delineation and Analysis." In Retail Geography, 151–81. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003762-8.

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Iwasaki, Sachiko, Ko Hashimoto, Kohei Otake, and Takashi Namatame. "Analysis of Trade Area for Retail Industry Store Using Consumer Purchase Record." In Social Computing and Social Media. Human Behavior, 177–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58559-8_15.

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Thrall, Grant Ian. "Mixed Use." In Business Geography and New Real Estate Market Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076363.003.0013.

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With perhaps the exception of building a new town, mixed-use (MXD) development requires the most complex real estate market analysis. As with the structural organization of the preceding chapters on real estate products in this book, this chapter will begin with a background of the real estate product type. A background of MXDs is necessary to understand those developments that are already in place across the North American landscape. Some MXDs have been successful and others have been dismal failures. A goal of this chapter is to describe and explain the instruments hypothesized to make an MXD successful. Some MXDs are approaching their functional age of obsolescence—25 or 50 years old. They may require new real estate market analysis to guide their redevelopment and that redevelopment must be executed in the context of how they originated. The background coverage, contemporary notions of trade areas, demand, supply, and report, for MXDs are presented. What Is a Mixed-Use Development? To be defined as an MXD, the real estate project must have three components (Schwanke 1987): . . . Three or more significant revenue-producing uses (such as retail, office, residential, hotel, and/or entertainment/cultural/recreation), which in well-planned projects are mutually supporting Significant physical and functional integration of project components (and thus a relatively close-knit and intensive use of land), including uninterrupted pedestrian connections Development in conformance with a coherent plan, which frequently stipulates the type and scale of uses, permitted densities, and related items. . . . Each of the above concepts is discussed below. Three or More Significant Revenue-Producing Uses Many real estate projects have multiple uses. However, MXDs as denned and discussed here must have at least three major revenue-producing uses. These uses should be nontrivial. In other words, if retail space is one of the mixed uses, then that retail space should have a trade area beyond the mere project site. In most contemporary mixed-use projects, retail, office, residential, and/or hotel facilities are the primary revenue-producing uses. Other revenue-producing uses of MXDs might include sports arenas and convention centers, performing arts facilities, and museums.
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Puri, Sandeep, and Jayanthi Ranjan. "Delhi Bank of India." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 121–26. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4357-4.ch010.

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Delhi Bank of India (DBI) is a leading private banking and financial services organization in India. DBI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital, and asset management. It has entered the banking consortia of over 30 corporations for providing working capital finance, trade services, corporate finance, and merchant banking. DBI is also providing sophisticated product structures in areas of foreign exchange and derivatives, money markets and debt trading, and equity research. Dwarka Branch of DBI has not been doing well since its inception in March 2008. It is having a very low customer base and many customers have shifted their accounts to other banks because of dissatisfaction with the bank. In the last 6 months, the number of customers has reduced to 2875 from 2900. This branch is having allocation of 1.50 Crores only for loan disbursements during Jan-March, 2011 period but the loan applications are for 2.20 crore. There are six applicants with different backgrounds and this amount cannot be increased. Bank manager Siddhant, needed to take the call for final disbursements.
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Robertson, Donald. "The Regulation of Firms in Globally Intertwined Markets: The Case of Payment Systems." In Megaregulation Contested, 240–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.003.0011.

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Intertwined markets and disaggregated means of production give rise to new types of economic entities. Organized along global value chains, the relevance of state borders for the legal norms that apply to them are often reduced and new governance responses have emerged. Modern retail payment systems are an example of cross-border, network structures requiring both private (contractual) and public (regulatory) governance. The two main legal responses—private international law and harmonization—fail to deal effectively with coherence. Based in a principled regulatory approach which relies on public reason, megaregional trade and investment agreements such as TPP provide a route to effective transnational governance of global and regional value chains in this area.
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Martin, Liebi, Markham Jerry W, Brown-Hruska Sharon, De Carvalho Robalo Pedro, Meakin Hannah, and Tan Peter. "4 Trading Regulations." In Regulation of Commodities Trading. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198799962.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on trading regulations. Derivative trading in financial instruments on organized exchanges consists largely of the following instruments: futures, options, options on futures, and swaps. Those transactions are differentiated from ‘cash’ transactions and ‘forward’ contracts. Forward and cash contracts are traded in over-the-counter (OTC) markets, which are generally subject to the day-to-day oversight of a government financial services regulator. Nevertheless, OTC cash and forward transactions may not entirely be free of governmental restrictions. For example, in the US, the anti-manipulation prohibitions in the Commodity Exchange of 1936 (CEA) may be applied to trading in cash and forward contracts where they are effected in order to create artificial prices. Particular OTC derivative transactions involving retail customers in foreign currency are also subject to regulation by US authorities, including the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and banking regulators. The purpose of those regulations is to protect unsophisticated retail customers from fraudulent business conduct and dealer failures. Meanwhile, the trading in OTC derivatives in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA) is regulated under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) as amended by EMIR Refit.
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Ripa, Tetiana. "UKRAINE’S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS ON THE WORLD STAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-34.

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In the current economic conditions and increased competition, the ability of an entity to attract investments, i.e., its investment attractiveness, becomes important. It largely depends on the stability of the external and internal environment, the efficiency of economic activity, the priority of tasks, etc. The needs of modern society are growing rapidly; therefore, it is necessary to carry out the economic development of the country at the same time. Assessing the development of the investment market is the basis for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the investment attractiveness of economic entities. The investment market is the area of investment objects in all its forms, taking into account the conditions of investment activity at certain stages of economic development of an enterprise, the economy, the region, and the country as a whole. The article considers the main indicators that characterize the economic development of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the main indicators that characterize the investment attractiveness of the country. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the level of investment attractiveness of Ukraine during 2010-2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is based on scientific methods, among which it is expedient to distinguish: analysis and synthesis, comparison, idealization and abstraction, as well as systematization and generalization – when formulating conclusions as a result of the study. As a result, the dynamics of the gross domestic product, the index of investment attractiveness are analyzed. The change in the number of business entities in Ukraine over the past decade has shown a negative trend. It is found out that the structural sector in Ukraine is wholesale and retail trade. The dynamics of the volume of retail trade turnover of Ukraine during 2010-2020 and the index of the physical volume of retail trade turnover of Ukraine are determined. The method of assessing the level of investment attractiveness of the country is considered. The importance of the ability to create new competitive advantages and keep the existing ones under the influence of various factors has been proved. Ukraine's ranking positions in comparison with other countries of the world in terms of gross domestic product, index of business conditions, index of economic freedom, index of global competitiveness, world competitiveness and world digital competitiveness are also determined. The investment environment during 2020 was negatively assessed by entrepreneurs and investors. It turned out that 78% of surveyed company executives consider the current investment climate unfavorable, only 12% consider Ukraine a profitable market for new investors. At the same time, among the negative factors influencing the investment climate, there was chosen a weak judiciary, high levels of corruption and the shadow economy. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of these indicators, negative trends were revealed due to the aggravation of economic crises, hostilities in the east, the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, destabilization of social and political life, COVID-19 pandemic. There is a deterioration of rating places on these indicators, which requires the immediate development of new regulations, the choice of a new strategy for attracting investment, as well as the effective use of levers of influence on the country's economy.
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Moid, Sana. "Taxation Policy Measures for E- Retailers." In Advances in E-Business Research, 276–90. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9921-2.ch015.

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The internet has already revolutionized many aspects of modern business and living and promises to bring even more radical future changes. In contrast, tax laws are normally slow to changing realities. It is anticipated that trade in tangible (physical) goods with e- commerce will not introduce problems. However, trade in intangible (electronic or digital) goods can be problematic because they will be difficult if not impossible to track. The chapter discusses the important concepts woven around the idea of taxing e tailing transactions and aims at coming up with a conclusion which will help further to determine the appropriate tax policies for e retailers keeping in mind the global framework. The chapter aims at discussing the concept of Internet Taxation, E- Retailing laws and regulations in Global Context. The chapter also discusses broad outlines relating to taxability of E Retailing transactions from VAT and CST angle under different scenarios and arguments in favor and against of taxing the e tailing transactions. The chapter also discusses important acts passed in different economies for taxing online retailers including Marketplace Fairness Act 2013 and Internet Tax Freedom Act. It is concluded by discussing the possible effects of the online retail tax. It could be argued that e- commerce for most part will not require new tax principles. Existing principles still apply only the old ways of doing things need to be digitized. The internet and e- commerce certainly does introduce some new business models and products that would not have been possible with old technology. And in some case, new laws may be required or old laws amended. Trade in intangibles or goods that are in digital format promises to be the main problem area.
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Guirao, Fernando. "Finale." In The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975, 433–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861232.003.0010.

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The Nine failed to establish an industrial free-trade area with Spain and thus to gain access to the Spanish market, the largest west European industrial market outside their direct influence. The decision of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities, in October 1975, to suspend FTA negotiations with Spain, without denouncing the 1970 Agreement, meant the ultimate success of the Spanish government’s politico-economic strategy, the last episode of the European rescue of the Franco regime. The EC Council decision might have been inevitable in terms of public opinion and democratic morality, but it meant to permit Madrid to retain full control over the country’s import policy while fully exploiting the export prospects offered by the 1970 Agreement. In the end, the decision was detrimental for the overall interests of all the parties involved, whether the Spanish population or Western Europe. The final section of this book invites economic historians to estimate the costs of the Spanish EEC policy concerning the inefficient allocation of resources, weak technological transfer, lesser accompanying investment, and limitations to total-factor-productivity increases. Political historians, in turn, should explore what specific interests explain, in each case, why, if official Spanish trade practices in export promotion and import restriction gave the Six every incentive to denounce the 1970 Agreement, apart from obvious political reasons, they did not do so. Finally, scholars dealing with Spanish EEC-membership negotiations should determine the extent at which the Community experience over the 1970 Agreement explains Community attitudes towards some Spanish demands after 1979.
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Conference papers on the topic "Retail trade areas"

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Galkin, Andrii, Iryna Polchaninova, Olena Galkina, and Iryna Balandina. "Retail trade area analysis using multiple variables modeling at residential zone." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.041.

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Purpose – the purpose of the paper is to set up a method of retail trade area analysis using multiple variables modeling at a residential zone. Research methodology – system analysis; regression analysis; correlation analysis; simulating; urban characteristics analysis. Findings – retail trade area analysis using multiple variables modeling at residential zone based on the proposed method is performed by directly processing and analysing data in a separate zone. Research limitations – the obtained results can be used for data variation range of conducted experiment. Practical implications – the proposed method makes some adjustments in estimating the limits of the trade area, specifying it with the help of the non-linearity factor and area slope, thereby changing the shape of the circle into a complex figure, depending on the geographical landscape and the structure of the roads. Implementation is made for one of the consumer’s zone in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The results allowed to adjust the trade zone, which in fact reduced it twice. Originality/Value – the probabilities of visiting retailers have been calculated according to the developed model considering surrounding limitation. In such conditions, the analysis of the consumer market and identification of the trade zone of the retailers is one of the forms to improving the efficiency of the retailer functioning
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Yong, Li, and Li Qianye. "Subdividing trade area of cigarette retail stores based on big data analytics." In 2015 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162183.

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