Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retained gas

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Retained gas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Retained gas"

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Napolitano, Lena M. "Carbon monoxide and ileus: Inhaled gas to prevent retained gas?*." Critical Care Medicine 33, no. 6 (June 2005): 1445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000166373.83050.ab.

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McLaughlin, Patrick D., Kevin P. Murphy, Lee Crush, Owen J. O'Connor, Joseph P. Coyle, Cressida R. Brennan, Attiya Suhail, Denis Kelly, and Michael M. Maher. "Computed Tomography Colonography Technique: The Role of Intracolonic Gas Volume." Radiology Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517246.

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Introduction. Poor distention decreases the sensitivity and specificity of CTC. The total volume of gas administered will vary according to many factors. We aim to determine the relationship between the volume of retained gas at the time of image acquisition and colonic distention and specifically the presence of collapsed bowel segments at CTC.Materials and Methods. All patients who underwent CTC over a 12-month period at a single institution were included in the study. Colonic luminal distention was objectively scored by 2 radiologists using an established 4-point scale. Quantitative analysis of the volume of retained gas at the time of image acquisition was conducted using the threshold 3D region growing function of OsiriX.Results. 108 patients were included for volumetric analysis. Mean retained gas volume was 3.3 L. 35% (38/108) of patients had at least one collapsed colonic segment. Significantly lower gas volumes were observed in the patients with collapsed colonic segments when compared with those with fully distended colons 2.6 L versus 3.5 L (P=0.031). Retained volumes were significantly higher for the 78% of patients with ileocecal reflux at 3.4 L versus 2.6 L without ileocecal reflux (P=0.014).Conclusion. Estimation of intraluminal gas volume at CTC is feasible using image segmentation and thresholding tools. An average of 3.5 L of retained gas was found in diagnostically adequate CTC studies with significantly lower mean gas volume observed in patients with collapsed colonic segments.
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Xue, Jun Hua, and Sheng Xue. "Retaining a Goaf-Edge Gateroad in a Three-Entry Panel Layout." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.681.

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In underground coal mining, a goaf-edge gateroad (GEG) in a longwall panel is often retained in full length, i.e. the length of the retained GEG is the same as the length of longwall block, for ventilation and gas control. In some cases, it can be extremely difficult to retain a GEG in its full length due to complex geological and geotechnical conditions. To address the issue, the concept of retaining a GEG in sections is introduced. The retained length of a GEG is optimised through the analysis of the inner and outer structures of surrounding rocks of the GEG. Retaining a GEG in sections avoids the intensive roof movement period and possible structural failure of its support. This method of retaining a GEG in sections was successfully applied in panel 24202 of Shaqu coal mine.
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Hussain, K., A. Tauqir, A. Ul Haq, and A. Q. Khan. "Effect of retained austenite on gas nitriding of high strength steel." Materials Science and Technology 14, no. 12 (December 1998): 1218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1998.14.12.1218.

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Pan, Liyou, Enhu Feng, Qingshou Zhao, Liqiang Chen, and Fanpeng Kong. "Wide pillar roadway retained in the deep high gas coal seam." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 22, no. 6 (November 2012): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.12.008.

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Konnerup, Dennis, Anders Winkel, Max Herzog, and Ole Pedersen. "Leaf gas film retention during submergence of 14 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 9 (2017): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16401.

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Flooding of fields after sudden rainfall events can result in crops being completely submerged. Some terrestrial plants, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), possess superhydrophobic leaf surfaces that retain a thin gas film when submerged, and the gas films enhance gas exchange with the floodwater. However, the leaves lose their hydrophobicity during submergence, and the gas films subsequently disappear. We tested gas film retention time of 14 different wheat cultivars and found that wheat could retain the gas films for a minimum of 2 days, whereas the wild wetland grass Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. had thicker gas films and could retain its gas films for a minimum of 4 days. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the wheat cultivars and G. fluitans possessed high densities of epicuticular wax platelets, which could explain their superhydrophobicity. However, G. fluitans also had papillae that contributed to higher hydrophobicity during the initial submergence and could explain why G. fluitans retained gas films for a longer period of time. The loss of gas films was associated with the leaves being covered by an unidentified substance. We suggest that leaf gas film is a relevant trait to use as a selection criterion to improve the flood tolerance of crops that become temporarily submerged.
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Zhao, Chun-tian, M. do Rosário Ribeiro, M. N. de Pinho, V. S. Subrahmanyam, C. L. Gil, and A. P. de Lima. "Structural characteristics and gas permeation properties of polynorbornenes with retained bicyclic structure." Polymer 42, no. 6 (March 2001): 2455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00554-1.

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Petrou, Petros, Despoina-Georgia Kokosiouli, Trushar Patel, Philip J. Banerjee, Ilias Georgalas, Dimitrios Papakonstantinou, Dimitrios Brouzas, and Lyndon DaCruz. "Trapped Pre-Macular Bubble of Octafluoropropane Gas Masquerading as Retained Submacular Perfluorocarbon Liquid." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499855.

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Introduction: To demonstrate, with the aid of retinal imaging, an abnormal post-operative macular appearance caused by the presence of a “fragmented” pre-retinal bubble of octafluoropropane (C3F8) masquerading as retained subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL). Methods: This is an interventional case presentation. Results: Colour fundus photography high-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and clinical progress demonstrate that the abnormal reflex was caused by the presence of a small fragment of C3F8 becoming lodged at the pre-foveal area. Conclusion: Submacular entrapment of various substances used during vitrectomy has been described in a number of case reports and case series. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of a retained fragment of fluorocarbon gas trapped at the macula following successful retinal detachment repair and highlights a previously unreported cause of an abnormal foveal appearance. However, clinical examination together with the use of SD-OCT is helpful in differentiating the appearance from that seen in other retained vitrectomy adjuncts.
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Wang, Xu Tao, Hua Zhen Cai, and Li Sha Liu. "Experimental Study on Anaerobic Fermentation of Steam Explosion Pretreated Corn Stalk." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1975.

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Using the steam exploded pretreatment technology to process the corn stalk, and then the pretreated corn stalk were used the materials of anaerobic fermentation under the temperature 35°C. Experimental results show that: the biogas production per unit of pretreated corn stalk increased 16.8 % ~ 63.2% than the unexploded corn stalk. The gas production can up to the peak (484.3ml / g dry steam exploded straw) under the condition (retained time 90s, pressure 3.0Mpa). The longer the retained time is the earlier the gas production peak occurs under the same steam pressure and the peak range become wider. The main gas production area is the former 20d, the production amount to about 80% of total production, while the gas production of untreated straw fermentation in is only 60% of total production under medium temperature.
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Xue, Jun Hua, and Sheng Xue. "Mining Gassy Coal Seams with a Three-Entry Panel Layout." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.613.

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To address the issue of high gas emissions in mining gassy coal seams in underground coal mines, the concept of a three-entry panel layout with a retained goaf-edge gateroad and a “Y” type ventilation system is introduced in this paper. With the layout and ventilation system, distribution characteristics of methane concentration in the panel goaf is analyzed, technologies of gas drainage with boreholes drilled from the retained goaf-edge gateroad and into stress-relieved overlying and underlying seams are described, and an application case of such layout in a coal mine is also presented in this paper.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retained gas"

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Dhaouadi, Hatem. "Étude d'un réacteur à gazosiphon à recirculation externe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL030N.

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Deux réacteurs à gazosiphon à recirculation externe sont utilisés pour effectuer une étude hydrodynamique et de transfert de matière. Le premier à 6 m de haut et 0,15 m de diamètre, le second à 2,5 m de haut et 0,1 m de diamètre. Les résultats ont été obtenus avec différents systèmes ; air-eau, air+solutions aqueuses de glycérol et air-eau-billes de verre. Deux types de séparateurs gaz-liquide et de jonction descente-montée ont été étudiés. L’influence du diamètre de la descente à lui aussi été étudié. Les principaux paramètres hydrodynamiques sont estimés en utilisant divers techniques de mesures. Ainsi la rétention de gaz dans la montée a été mesurée en utilisant trois techniques indépendantes ; la méthode volumétrique, la méthode manométrique et la méthode optique. La vitesse de liquide dans la montée est estimée en utilisant des techniques de traçage (thermique et salin). Un modèle hydrodynamique est proposé et la résolution des équations de bilan de matière se fait dans le domaine de temps en utilisant un logiciel de résolution de systèmes d'équation différentielles assez puissant (MODEST). Les paramètres du modèle sont évalués en comparant la courbe expérimentale à la courbe théorique. Le modèle développé pour l'étude hydrodynamique est étendu au transfert de matière et montre une bonne concordance entre les résultats expérimentaux (réponses des sondes mesurant l'oxygène dissout dans le liquide) et le modèle théorique proposé
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Suess, Katherine A., Rachel Bezanson, Justin S. Spilker, Mariska Kriek, Jenny E. Greene, Robert Feldmann, Qiana Hunt, and Desika Narayanan. "Massive Quenched Galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 Retain Large Molecular Gas Reservoirs." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625739.

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The physical mechanisms that quench star formation, turning blue star-forming galaxies into red quiescent galaxies, remain unclear. In this Letter, we investigate the role of gas supply in suppressing star formation by studying the molecular gas content of post-starburst galaxies. Leveraging the wide area of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we identify a sample of massive intermediate-redshift galaxies that have just ended their primary epoch of star formation. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO(2-1) observations of two of these post-starburst galaxies at z similar to 0.7 with M-* similar to 2 10(11) M-circle dot. Their molecular gas reservoirs of (6.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(9) M-circle dot and (34.0 +/- 1.6) x 10(9) M-circle dot are an order of magnitude larger than comparable-mass galaxies in the local universe. Our observations suggest that quenching does not require the total removal or depletion of molecular gas, as many quenching models suggest. However, further observations are required both to determine if these apparently quiescent objects host highly obscured star formation and to investigate the intrinsic variation in the molecular gas properties of post-starburst galaxies.
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Mausling, Hermana. "The effectiveness of the tenth schedule tax regime to attract and retain foreign investment: The current issues and uncertainties experienced within the tenth schedule tax regime and a comparison between the incentives provided by the tenth schedule and those provided by the Ghana oil and gas tax regim." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21749.

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In South Africa, oil and gas companies are subject to the ordinary tax rules within the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 ("the Act"), but enjoy certain tax concessions within the Tenth Schedule to the Act. The main reason for introducing the Tenth Schedule was to create certainty and transparency for oil and gas exploration and production with the aim to secure foreign investment (National Treasury, 2006:15). Considering the growth potential of South Africa's oil and gas industry and the fact that the Tenth Schedule was introduced to create certainty and transparency in the hopes of securing foreign investment, this dissertation evaluates whether the Tenth Schedule achieves its aim of providing certainty and transparency in order to attract and retain foreign investment in the oil and gas industry. Furthermore, this dissertation identifies issues and uncertainties found within the Tenth Schedule which could hinder such foreign investment. Finally, as countries are in competition with one another to attract foreign investment, this dissertation evaluates how the incentives provided by the Tenth Schedule compare to the incentives provided by Ghana's oil and gas tax regime.
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Chen, Yu-chin, and 陳玉錦. "The Application of Six Sigma for Improving The Process Efficiency － A Case Study of One Gas Retailer in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58008656231118188737.

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碩士
大葉大學
工業工程與科技管理學系
97
In the current marketplace, consumers are going to pay attention to the service quality which is an essential factor for the businesses. In order to enhance the competence, the businesses are aggressively to build an efficient service procedure which can improve the operation efficiency, lower the cost, and valuing customers’ opinion. Moreover, with the improving technology, the good service is not only based on the serving attitude from the front desk but also on the efficiency of the serving process. Thus, to improve the serving process and integrate them is the top urgent issue for many businesses. Six-Sigma focuses on “customer first priority”, “procedure improvement”, and “performance combination”. Thus, this study is taking a gas retailer to execute DMAIC to improve the service procedures. Result demonstration: DMAIC can increase the efficiency of serving process for the gas retailer and better the consumer satisfaction.
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Hong-SengAw and 歐康成. "Active Control to Retain Constant Gap With Respect to Eccentric Flywheel in Energy-recycled System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74006973064397226325.

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Books on the topic "Retained gas"

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Commission, Victoria Essential Services. Energy retailer of last resort: Final decision. Melbourne, Vic: Essential Services Commission, 2006.

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Li Bassi, Gianluigi, and J. D. Marti. Chest physiotherapy and tracheobronchial suction in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0121.

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The airway lining fluid is a biphasic layer covering the respiratory tract epithelium. It has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, and it is formed by a gel-phase (mucus), and a low-viscosity inner layer (sol-phase) that provides lubrication for ciliary beating. Mucus is continuously cleared from the airways through the ciliated epithelium and via the two-phase gas–liquid flow mechanism (i.e. coughing). Mucus production in healthy subjects is approximately 10–100 mL/day. Whereas, mucociliary clearance rates range between 4 and 20 mm/min. Critically-ill, mechanically-ventilated patients often retain mucus. Several chest physiotherapy techniques are applied to promote mucus clearance in these patients. The role of chest physiotherapy in mechanically-ventilated patients is debated, due to the lack of evidence from well-designed clinical trials. Retained mucus is aspirated through tracheobronchial suctioning. Closed suctioning is beneficial in patients with severe lung failure and at risk of alveolar collapse upon ventilator disconnection.
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Shue, Henry. Mitigation. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.41.

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Mitigation—preventative actions to reduce the human forcing of climate change with the goal of keeping climate change within a range to which humans can adapt—must be prompt, rigorous, and focused on eliminating emissions of carbon dioxide, beginning with rapid cessation of the use of coal. Carbon dioxide is by far the most threatening greenhouse gas because it remains in the atmosphere for millennia longer than any other major greenhouse gas, and the heat retained on the planet by atmospheric carbon dioxide will continue to emerge from its transitional storage in the deep oceans for millennia after the atmospheric carbon finally dissipates. Sustainable development can be increased and ocean acidification can be stopped only if the dominant fossil fuel regime is promptly replaced by an affordable and accessible alternative energy regime. Poorer countries cannot be reasonably expected to cooperate with vigorous mitigation unless they are assisted with necessary adaptation.
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Marini, John J., and Paolo Formenti. Pathophysiology and prevention of sputum retention. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0119.

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Retention of airway mucus is one of the major problem that confronts post-operative and critically-ill patients, as well as the caregivers that address it. Retained secretions increase the work of breathing and promote hypoxaemia, atelectasis, and pneumonia. The airway-intubated patient is at particular risk of retaining mucus, as the presence of the tube interrupts normal flow of airway secretions toward the larynx by the mucociliary escalator and coughing effectiveness is degraded by a glottis that is stented open and cannot close effectively. Clearance of mucus is aided by using sufficient gas stream and total body hydration to reduce sputum viscosity and lubricate secretion plugs. Airway suctioning, a routine, but inherently traumatic experience for the patient, may clear the central airway, but leave peripheral airways unrelieved of their secretion burden. Prone positioning appears to confer an advantage regarding secretion drainage and clearance. Physiotherapy techniques may be useful in re-establishing and maintaining airway patency.
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Rudel, Thomas K. Shocks, States, and Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190921019.001.0001.

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For the past three decades scientists have urged us to abandon fossil fuels as rapidly as possible. Despite these pleas, the global energy sector has retained a familiar profile, dominated by the use of oil and natural gas. Only states have powers that are commensurate with rapidly reshaping societies in sustainable ways, but how do their politics enable these surges in sustainability? Shocks, States, and Sustainability answers this question through a comparative historical study of four radical environmental reforms: in the Dust Bowl during the New Deal, in Britain after World War II, in Cuba after the Soviet collapse, and in the Gulf of Maine after the Depression. This analysis suggests that states reform environmental practices in the aftermath of focusing events that draw popular attention to environmental degradation and suggest sharp limits in the availability of natural resources. These crises prompt the creation of encompassing coalitions of diverse peoples who push through laws and regulations that conserve natural resources.
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Carpenter, William J. Can a migrating gas giant planet retain a system of moons? 2001.

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Carpenter, William J. Can a migrating gas giant planet retain a system of moons? 2001.

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Jordan, Robert B. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.001.0001.

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This third edition retains the general level and scope of earlier editions, but has been substantially updated with over 900 new references covering the literature through 2005, and 140 more pages of text than the previous edition. In addition to the general updating of materials, there is new or greatly expanded coverage of topics such as Curtin-Hammett conditions, pressure effects, metal hydrides and asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts, the inverted electron-transfer region, intervalence electron transfer, photochemistry of metal carbonyls, methyl transferase and nitric oxide synthase. The new chapter on heterogeneous systems introduces the basic background to this industrially important area. The emphasis is on inorganic examples of gas/liquid and gas/liquid/solid systems and methods of determining heterogeneity.
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Into--and Out of--The GAP: A Cautionary Account of an American Retailer. Quorum Books, 2001.

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Mineka, Susan, Deepika Anand, and Jennifer A. Sumner. Important Issues in Understanding Comorbidity Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.031.

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The comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders has been of great interest to psychopathology researchers for the past 25 years. One topic––the comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD)––has received considerable attention, in part because it has raised fundamental nosological issues regarding whether GAD should continue to be categorized as an anxiety disorder or whether it should be recategorized as a mood disorder. We review the logic for reclassifying GAD with the mood disorders as well as what we believe to be even more compelling reasons for why it should be retained as an anxiety disorder. In doing so, we review three different kinds of comorbidity—cross-sectional, cumulative (lifetime), and sequential. We also discuss overlaps and distinctions in what is known about the etiology of GAD and MDD and how their somewhat different cognitive and affective profiles bear on these issues of classification. Finally, we briefly discuss what some of the treatment implications may be for individuals with comorbid GAD and MDD.
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Book chapters on the topic "Retained gas"

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Boda, Phillip Andrew, and Vanessa Svihla. "Minding the Gap: Lacking Technology Inquiries for Designing Instruction to Retain STEM Majors." In Handbook of Research in Educational Communications and Technology, 423–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36119-8_19.

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Nourollahi, Ramin, Sayyad Nojavan, and Kazem Zare. "Risk-Based Purchasing Energy for Electricity Consumers by Retailer Using Information Gap Decision Theory Considering Demand Response Exchange." In Electricity Markets, 135–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36979-8_7.

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Rabe, Barry G. "A Carbon Pricing Work in Progress." In Can We Price Carbon?, 163–84. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037952.003.0006.

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California may be on the way toward replicating the experience of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, as it moves beyond early stages into full operation as a cap-and-trade system. It formally partners with one Canadian province, Quebec, and has begun to expand beyond its original focus on electricity. The program has experienced a number of significant challenges to longer-term operations but has retained a strong base of political support and could be poised to become a leading example of cap-and-trade effectiveness.
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Rabe, Barry G. "When Cap-and-Trade Works." In Can We Price Carbon?, 125–62. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037952.003.0005.

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Cap-and-trade has also faced numerous political challenges but also includes some more successful cases. Some of the experience of the American sulfur dioxide emissions trading program has been replicated for carbon in the case of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. This alliance among nine Northeastern states has retained political support for more than a decade and also pioneered a system to auction allowances to generate revenue. These funds are then concentrated on expansion of energy efficiency and renewable energy in the region, thereby further addressing climate change and also building a broader base of political support.
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N., Kapilan. "Recent Trends in Cold Storage Systems." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 26–43. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1924-0.ch002.

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The cold storage is a big room or commercial building used to store perishable items like vegetables, fruits, fish, milk products, meat, etc. under controlled conditions where temperature, humidity, etc. are controlled for a longer duration. Different types of cold storages are available and selection of cold storage is based on the application. In recent years, solar hybrid cold storage systems are getting popular due to lower operating cost and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Also, thermal energy storage systems with phase change materials are being used in cold storage systems. The new technologies are developed to reduce the energy consumption of cold storage systems. The quality of the perishable items stored in the cold storage may be retained by applying nano coating on the fruits. This chapter reviews cold storage systems, elements of cold storage, design of cold storage, application of phase change and nano particles in cold storage system.
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Orr, James C., and Olivier Aumont. "Exploring the capacity of the ocean to retain artificially sequestered CO2." In Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 4, 281–86. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043018-8/50045-x.

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"Pollution Control." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0017.

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Coal is now used mainly as fuel for the production of electricity. Worldwide about 28% of commercial energy production depends on coal. In the United States it is about 31% and in some coal rich but oil poor countries such as China, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic the figures are 73%, 56%, 95% and 86%, respectively (1). Because of the ample supply of available coal, dependence on coal as an energy source will probably remain high for some time to come. However, coal is the most polluting of all fuels; its main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Depending on its origin, coal contains between 1 and 2.5% or more sulfur. This sulfur comes in three forms: pyrite (FeS2), organic bound sulfur, and a very small amount of sulfates (2). Upon combustion, about 15% of the total sulfur is retained in the ashes. The rest is emitted with flue gases, mostly as SO2 but also, to a lesser extent, as SO3. This mixture is frequently referred to as SOx (2). The three basic approaches to the control of SOx emission are prepurification of coal before combustion, removal of sulfur during combustion, and purification of flue gases. The first approach, referred to as a benefication process, is based on a difference in specific gravity between coal (sp gr = 1.2–1.5) and pyrite (sp gr = 5). Although the technical arrangements may vary, in essence the procedure involves floating the crushed coal in a liquid of specific gravity between that of pure coal and that of pyrite. Coal is removed from the surface while pyrite and other minerals settle to the bottom. Coal benefication can reduce sulfur content by about 40% (2). Although gravity separation is presently the only procedure in use, research was initiated on microbial purification of coal. A research project conducted by the Institute of Gas Technology, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, was aimed at the development of genetically engineered bacteria capable of removing organic sulfur from coal. Inorganic sulfur can be removed by the naturally occurring bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (3).
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Ghaziani, Amin. "Resonance." In There Goes the Gayborhood? Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158792.003.0006.

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This chapter examines how Boystown can retain its queer character, how an increasing presence of straight residents affects this possibility, and how different types of sexual minorities perceive the cultural significance of gayborhoods in Chicago. Although Americans are more tolerant of gay people in general, one study, using nationally representative survey data from a Gallup poll, found that more than a quarter of Americans still prefer to not have them as their neighbors. Many gays and lesbians wonder about the right balance between inclusion and straight dominance in the gayborhood. The chapter considers the role of existing gayborhoods as safe harbors and think about how they can retain their cultural and institutional character despite the arrival of more straight newcomers.
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Ghaziani, Amin. "Introduction." In There Goes the Gayborhood? Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158792.003.0001.

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This book explores why gay neighborhoods are changing in the so-called post-gay era so as to better understand how shifting conceptions of sexuality—especially allegations that its significance is declining in terms of how we define ourselves and how we structure our everyday lives—affect where we choose to live. It examines the conditions under which gayborhoods can retain their resonance for certain people, despite ongoing gay flight and a steady stream of straight newcomers into them. It also considers the possibility that new gay and lesbian settlements are emerging, if we just know how and where to look for them. In the course of the discussion, the book highlights the multiple, seemingly contradictory meanings that gayborhoods have for both gays and straight residents; why those meanings matter; and how they inform the many material stakes that are involved for those who live in and visit these places.
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Barile, Sergio, and Marialuisa Saviano. "A New Systems Perspective in Retail Service Marketing." In Handbook of Research on Retailer-Consumer Relationship Development, 197–218. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6074-8.ch011.

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The aim of this chapter is to highlight the necessity of a change in perspective and a new approach to Retail Service Marketing by addressing the recent challenges posed by a radical rethinking of market exchange logic using a service view. Recent Service Marketing advances are analyzed, which lead to the Service Dominant Logic proposal to take a general service view of market exchange, envisaging an emerging paradigm change. However, the key to this potential paradigm change is not yet well focused. A gap in the theoretical approach emerges that can be closed by adopting the Viable Systems Approach and the structure-system interpretation scheme. Their implications for retailing are discussed, and the key to change is emphasized. This chapter introduces a new theoretical and conceptual framework rooted in systems thinking, which recommends a Service Systems Approach to Retail Marketing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Retained gas"

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Valentine, Anthony V. "Accurately Measuring Discharged Drilled Cuttings and Retained Fluids." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/73933-ms.

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Whitney, Paul D., and Guang Chen. "Statistical analyses of nuclear waste level measurements to estimate retained gas volumes." In Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), edited by David E. Robertson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.339075.

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Glover, K., R. Hawkes, and A. Cui. "Rock Rheology, In Situ Stress and Fracture Interface Mechanics as Controls on Retained Fracture Conductivity in Prospective Unconventional Reservoirs." In EAGE Workshop on Geomechanics in the Oil and Gas Industry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20140476.

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McCluskey, Robert J. A., Gang Zheng, Andrew H. Sherry, and David J. Smith. "Characterisation of Residual Stress Levels Retained in Fracture Mechanics Specimens Machined From Non-Stress Relieved Welds." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97445.

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The structural integrity assessment of weldments in engineering components, including piping, is dependent upon the acquisition of valid fracture toughness data. Test standards provide guidance for the preparation of fracture mechanics specimens machined from welds, recognising that under some circumstances retained weld residual stress in the specimens may influence the test, for example, by impairing the ability to establish a valid fatigue pre-crack. To date, however, there are little experimental data quantifying the level and distribution of retained residual stress in fracture mechanics specimens. This paper describes an experimental study characterising the residual stresses retained in single-edge notched bend specimens machined from a non stress-relieved, narrow-gap Tungsten Inert Gas welded pipe, manufactured from 304L stainless steel. The original weld residual stress field was characterised using neutron diffraction and deep hole drilling. The residual stress levels retained in the test specimens were subsequently quantified using deep hole drilling. The results indicated that reasonable levels of residual stress are retained within specimens, although for high toughness, ductile steel, this is insufficient to influence the fracture toughness measurement. The results, however, have implications for testing non stress-relieved welds manufactured from low toughness materials, where retained residual stresses could unduly influence fracture toughness measurements.
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Pujar, Vijay V., and Gregory N. Morscher. "Tensile Creep Behavior of Melt-Infiltrated SiC-SiC Composites for Gas Turbine Engine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27491.

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SiC-SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) manufactured by the melt-infiltration (MI) process are considered leading candidates for hot-section turbine engine components. MI composites consisting of different commercially available SiC fibers were fabricated and their room temperature and elevated temperature performance was evaluated. In this paper, results on the performance of composites under tensile creep conditions and the properties of these materials retained after creep are discussed. Specimens were subjected to 100-h creep tests at different stress levels. For samples that did not rupture during creep, retained tensile properties were measured after creep and compared to those on the as-produced samples. Interestingly, the after-creep specimens show higher 0.005% offset stresses (or matrix cracking strengths) relative to those in the as-produced materials, which is attributed to redistribution of stresses among the constituents during the tensile creep test. That is, the results show that the offset stresses in these materials can actually improve with use under tensile creep conditions, which is a desirable attribute for components of these materials for turbine engines.
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Deshpande, Srikanth, Marcus Thern, and Magnus Genrup. "Influence of Compound Lean on an Industrial Steam Turbine Stage." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1221.

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Compound lean implemented on stator of an industrial steam turbine stage in order to reduce secondary losses are discussed. Baseline stator is a prismatic vane with aspect ratio of unity. Compound lean stator blade is designed by shearing the airfoil sections in tangential direction. Modifications are analyzed numerically using commercial code CFX. Three blade rows i.e. one complete stage with a downstream stator are analyzed. Steady state Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations are solved. Total pressure loss (TPL) is used as objective function to monitor reduction in secondary losses. Rotor is retained the same for baseline as well as compound leaned stator. Results show reduction in total pressure loss of stator in excess of 5 %. Also, computations of co-efficient of secondary kinetic energy shows significant reduction in secondary losses in excess of 30 % in stator. Efficiency gained by implementation of compound lean are discussed.
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Chuang, Han-Sheng, and Steven T. Wereley. "Microfluidic Gas Purge Valves." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18534.

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We present two PDMS-based gas purge valves for general lab-on-a-chip applications. The valves are devised based on a three-layer configuration comprising a top layer for fluid channels, a membrane, and a bottom layer for gas channels. The pneumatic valves work as a normal gateway for fluids when the membrane is bulged down (open state) or up (closed state) by vacuum or pressure, respectively. In a closed state, the residual gas in front of a fluid can be eliminated through a small notch or a permeable PDMS membrane by simply pumping the fluid. The purge valve with a small notch, termed surface-tension enable valve (ST valve), can resist pressure under 5.5 kPa. The liquid is retained by the surface tension force resulting from the surrounding hydrophobic walls. In contrast, the purge valve with vacuum grooves above the fluid channel, termed gas-permeation enable valve (GP valve), can resist pressure higher than 5.5 kPa. Based on permeation principle, the unwanted gas can slowly escape from the fluid channel through the PDMS membrane. The unique purge valves enable users to passively align fluids at the desire locations without actively sensing or having a feedback loop. A mixing process was successfully performed with the GP valves, showing their potential applications in microfluidics.
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Jia, W., X. L. Liu, Q. Wang, and P. Peng. "Pyrolysis of an Artificially Matured Shale Havning Type Ii Kerogen and Its Retained Oil: Implications for Late Gas Potential." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134218.

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Gould, J. E., and T. V. Stotler. "Application of Flash Welding to a Titanium Aluminide Alloy-Microstructural Evaluations." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-231.

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Alpha-two titanium aluminides represent strong candidates for replacing many conventional titanium and nickel-base superalloys for intermediate temperature applications. One potential application of these alloys is turbine engine rings. Nonrotating rings of this type are typically manufactured by flash butt welding. The performance of welds in this alloy are known to be strongly affected by the weld microstructure. Welding processes that result in very slow cooling rates yield relatively coarse Widmanstatten-type microstructure(s) which generally yields acceptable weld performance. Processes that result in intermediate cooling rates, however, result in acicular alpha-two martensite microstructures. These microstructures have very little ductility and lead to reduced weld performance. Finally, for processes where the cooling rate is very rapid, the weld microstructure is a retained ordered beta phase, which apparently results in improved weld properties.
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Tran, Le T. "A Model for Calculating Turbulent Friction and Heat Transfer Coefficients of a Rectangular Duct With Angled Ribs on Two Opposite Walls." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-183.

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A new model is presented in this paper to calculate the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient for a rectangular duct with two smooth walls and two rough walls. Ribs on the rough walls may be at an angle with the main flow and are distributed in a repeated pattern. The model is based on the law-of-the-wall theory, which is known to give satisfactory results for turbulent flows in a circular duct or a channel, and for two-dimensional boundary layer flows. When the theory is applied to a rectangular duct, it gives simplified relationships between the friction, heat transfer coefficients, the flow Reynolds number, and geometry parameters, which include the rib angle, rib height, the rib pitch, and the duct aspect ratio. Comparisons with experimental data show that the present model gives satisfactory results for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and geometry parameters. A Prandtl number dependence is retained for applications involving fluids other than air.
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Reports on the topic "Retained gas"

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BARTON, W. B. Retained gas inventory comparison. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782271.

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Cannon, N. S. Retained gas sampler interface volume. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/325210.

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Cannon, N. S. ,. Fluor Daniel Hanford. Retained gas sampler interface volume. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/326431.

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Shekarriz, A. Retained gas sampler visualization guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190349.

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Pasamehmetoglu, K. O., W. O. Miller, C. Unal, and R. K. Fujita. Retained gas sampler interim safety assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/37592.

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Wootan, D. W., R. C. Bolden, A. E. Bridges, N. S. Cannon, S. A. Chastain, B. E. Hey, R. C. Knight, C. G. Linschooten, A. L. Pitner, and B. J. Webb. Summary report on the design of the retained gas sampler system (retained gas sampler, extruder and extractor). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191564.

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J.M. Bates, L.A. Mahoney, M.E. Dahl, and Z.I. Antoniak. Retained Gas Sampling Results for the Flammable Gas Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14789.

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Mahoney, Lenna A., Zenen I. Antoniak, James M. Bates, and Michael E. Dahl. Retained Gas Sampling Results for the Flammable Gas Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002684.

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Mahoney, Lenna A. Ammonia Results Review for Retained Gas Sampling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965207.

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CRAWFORD, B. A. Retained Gas Sampler Calibration and Simulant Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801122.

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