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Journal articles on the topic 'RETAINING WALL REINFORCED'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shi, Wei, Jin Han, and Yong Bin Li. "Study on the Role of Geogrid-Reinforced for Fly Ash Retaining Wall Basing on the Analysis of FLAC3D." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.599.

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Geogrid-reinforced retaining wall is widely used in civil engineering, the role of geogrid reinforcement and the calculations of reinforcement material in the retaining wall design need further refinement.This paper analyzes the fly ash retaining wall with and without reinforcement by using finite element software of FLAC3D,studys the impact of geogrid-reinforced function on the stability of fly ash retaining wall ,gets the design parameters of geogrid-reinforced fly ash retaining wall.The numerical results show that: the fly ash retaining walls' safety factor is lower when its height is great

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2

Ahn, Kwangkuk, and Hongsig Kang. "Behavior of Reinforced Retaining Walls with Different Reinforcement Spacing during Vehicle Collisions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/920628.

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Accidents involving vehicles crashing into reinforced retaining walls are increasing because of the increased construction of reinforced retaining walls on roads. Unlike a normal retaining wall, a reinforced retaining wall is not one united body but is made up of blocks. Hence, a reinforced wall can break down when a vehicle crashes into it. The behavior of such a wall during vehicle collision depends upon the reinforcement material used for its construction, its design, and the method of the construction. In this study, the behavior of a reinforced retaining wall was analyzed while changing t

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3

Li, Xupeng, Jianhui Long, Shiyi Guo, et al. "Experimental study on FBG sensing technology-based stress monitoring at the corners of reinforced soil retaining walls." Science Progress 105, no. 4 (2022): 003685042211353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504221135380.

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As a unique type of flexible slope fill-retaining structure, reinforced soil-retaining walls have the advantages of convenient construction, broad application conditions, good seismic performance, and high economic benefits. In general, reinforced soil-retaining walls appear at corners due to the restriction in topographic conditions during engineering construction. However, their special structures and stress conditions are usually ignored, thus triggering panel bulging, cracking, and collapse. In this study, an experimental method based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology was pro

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4

Zhu, Yalin, Kun Tan, Yin Hong, Ting Tan, Manrong Song, and Yixian Wang. "Deformation of the Geocell Flexible Reinforced Retaining Wall under Earthquake." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8897009.

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As a new type of reinforced material, geocells are widely used in flexible reinforced retaining wall projects, and a lot of practical experience shows that the geocell retaining wall has a great effect on earthquake resistance, but theoretical research lags behind engineering practice, and the deformation and failure mechanism under earthquake need to be further studied. In this paper, we use the FLAC3D nonlinear, finite-difference method to study the failure mechanism of geocell-reinforced retaining walls under earthquake, to analyze the advantages of the geocell retaining wall in controlling

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5

Zhang, M. X., and W. T. Zhong. "Numerical analysis of the working performance of ring combination reinforced retaining wall." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1335, no. 1 (2024): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1335/1/012022.

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Abstract In this study, a new combined reinforcement structure suitable for reinforced soil-retaining walls is proposed. FLAC 3D finite element software was used to establish three-dimensional numerical models of reinforced soil retaining walls with different forms of reinforcement, and the effects of reinforced rings on the mechanical and deformation characteristics of retaining walls, as well as the mechanism of the reinforced rings working with horizontal geogrids, were investigated. The test results verified the superiority of the ring combination-reinforced structure in bearing and deform

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6

Lin, Yu Liang, and Yi He Fang. "Settlement Behavior of New Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls under Loading-Unloading Cycles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.215.

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Three new types of reinforced earth structures were introduced including reinforced gabion retaining wall, green reinforced gabion retaining wall and flexible wall face geogrid reinforced earth retaining wall. In order to study settlement behavior of these three retaining walls, lab tests were carried out. Cyclic loading-unloading of different levels (0~50kPa, 0~100kPa, 0~150kPa, 0~200kPa, 0~250kPa, 0~300kPa, 0~350kPa) were imposed. The settlement behaviors of retaining walls were analyzed, and secant modulus when loading and unloading was obtained. Results show that retaining walls present gr

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7

Lazizi, A., H. Trouzine, A. Asroun, and F. Belabdelouhab. "Numerical Simulation of Tire Reinforced Sand behind Retaining Wall Under Earthquake Excitation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 4, no. 2 (2014): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.427.

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This paper studies the numerical simulations of retaining walls supporting tire reinforced sand subjected to El Centro earthquake excitation using finite element analysis. For this, four cases are studied: cantilever retaining wall supporting sand under static and dynamical excitation, and cantilever retaining wall supporting waste tire reinforced sand under static and dynamical excitation. Analytical external stability analyses of the selected retaining wall show that, for all four cases, the factors of safety for base sliding and overturning are less than default minimum values. Numerical an

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8

Lazizi, A., H. Trouzine, A. Asroun, and F. Belabdelouhab. "Numerical Simulation of Tire Reinforced Sand behind Retaining Wall Under Earthquake Excitation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 4, no. 2 (2014): 605–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14039.

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This paper studies the numerical simulations of retaining walls supporting tire reinforced sand subjected to El Centro earthquake excitation using finite element analysis. For this, four cases are studied: cantilever retaining wall supporting sand under static and dynamical excitation, and cantilever retaining wall supporting waste tire reinforced sand under static and dynamical excitation. Analytical external stability analyses of the selected retaining wall show that, for all four cases, the factors of safety for base sliding and overturning are less than default minimum values. Numerical an

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9

Liang, Xiaoyong, Jing Jin, Guangqing Yang, Xizhao Wang, Quansheng Zhao, and Yitao Zhou. "Performance of Modular-Reinforced Soil-Retaining Walls for an Intercity Railway during Service." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106084.

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In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of reinforced soil-retaining walls during service, this paper carried out a long-term remote observation test for 6 years on the modular-reinforced soil-retaining wall of the Qingrong intercity railway in eastern China’s Shandong Province. During the construction period, earth pressure boxes, flexible displacement meters, settlement pipes and displacement meters were buried to observe the soil pressure, reinforcement strain, horizontal displacement and settlement of the reinforced earth-retaining wall, respectively, for a long time; then, the res

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10

Kim, Young Je, Hyuk Sang Jung, Yong Joo Lee, Dong Wook Oh, Min Son, and Hwan Hee Yoon. "Behaviour Analysis of Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall According to Laboratory Scale Test." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030901.

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Reinforced soil retaining wall are ground structures that can be readily seen all around us. The development of reinforcements to these walls and their demand have increased rapidly. These walls are advantageous because they can be used not only in simple construction compared with reinforced concrete retaining walls but also when the height of the wall needs to be higher. However, unlike reinforced concrete retaining walls, in which the walls are integrated and resist the earth pressure on the back, the block-type reinforced earth retaining wall method secures its structural stability by fric

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11

Leshchinsky, Dov, Baris Imamoglu, and Christopher L. Meehan. "Exhumed Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136, no. 10 (2010): 1311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000354.

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12

Gofar, Nurly, and Hanafiah. "Contribution of suction on the stability of reinforced-soil retaining wall." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503004.

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Existing design methods of a reinforced-soil retaining wall were established for walls with cohesionless soil backfill. However, local soil has been used widely in the construction of such a wall for economic reasons. Laboratory and numerical studies have pointed out the merit of using cohesive backfill in association with geosynthetic reinforcement. Since the compacted soil was in an unsaturated condition during the construction of the reinforced wall, the apparent cohesion derived from both soil mineralogy and suction could contribute to the stability of the wall. This paper considers method

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13

Salah Eddine, Baaziz, and Mellas Mekki. "Influence of Parameters the Wall on Reinforced Soil Segmental Walls." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 6 (2017): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000100.

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The behaviour of retaining walls in geosynthetic reinforced soil is complex and requires studies and research to understand the mechanisms of rupture, the behaviour of the reinforcements in the soil and the behaviour of the main elements of the system: reinforcement-wall-soil. Several researches have been done on the use of geosynthetics as backfill massive reinforcement material (experimental studies, numerical analysis, reduced models ...). This parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of numerical parameters of the wall which confront us in the projects, on the behaviour

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14

Lin, Ji Sheng. "An Urgent Slope Reinforcement for a Power Transmission Tower Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.289.

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The main focus is to present an urgent reinforcement for a power transmission tower foundation beside a slope. The method is based on the theory of the uplift and down-pressure lines in low slope. The strategy adopts the geosynthetic-reinforced gunite concrete and two-storey retaining wall to reinforce the slope. The results show that the theory of the uplift and down-pressure lines in low slope can be used in the slope with the height of 10m by combining retaining wall reinforcement. The heavy excavation under the transmission tower foundation is avoided by using the inclined back along the e

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15

Zhang, Hong Bo, Jian Qing Wu, Ying Yong Li, Xiu Guang Song, and Zhi Chao Xue. "Model Tests on Force Characteristics of Reinforced Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.368.

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The recent research and development of the reinforced retaining wall is composed of cantilevered reinforced concrete retaining walls which symmetric set on both sides of subgrade and through roadbed width of counter-pulled anchors. The prestressing force can be applied on anchors.The retaining wall has the advantange of high safety, lateral small deformation , wide applicable range and low requirements for the foundation bearing capacity. But due to the lateral restraint of bolt, the soil pressure distributions of retaining wall change a lot. The change will have a significant impact on struct

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16

Liu, Yong, Zhanyong Yao, Hongzhe Liu, Mingxia Shao, and Yulong Zhao. "Mechanical Behavior of the Reinforced Retaining Wall Subjected to Static Load." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8844033.

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To study the mechanical behavior and influence factors of the reinforced retaining wall under the static load, numerical simulation of the reinforced retaining wall is conducted by finite element analysis, and its mechanical behavior and influencing methods are studied in accordance with relevant theories. The results showed that the properties of back fill, reinforced spacing, reinforced stiffness, reinforced length, and panel stiffness all affect the mechanical behavior of retaining walls. According to the example calculations of different wall heights, the distribution of panel horizontal d

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17

Feligha, Marwa, Fatima Zohra Benamara, Nouaouria Mohamed Salah, Souhila Rehab Bekkouche, and Benayoun Fadila. "Tensile Force Distribution And Development Within Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall." Civil and Environmental Engineering 19, no. 2 (2023): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0049.

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Abstract Geogrid-reinforced earth retaining walls used to improve soil quality, and provide additional shear strength in the soil mass through the tensile strength in the reinforcement layers. A numerical model was developed by finite element code PLAXIS2D, of a segmental facing geogrid-reinforced retaining wall. This research has been carried out to investigate the effect of loading increments, loading increments width, loading increments location, facing inclination angle, geogrid inclination angle, and geogrid-soil friction factor, on the behaviour of a geogrid-reinforced soil retaining wal

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18

Kim, Gwang Hee, Hyun Woo Joh, Young Do Lee, and Yoon Seok Shin. "A Case Study of Reinforced Self-Supported Retaining Wall (RSW)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2799.

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With increasing land prices and a lack of space in urban areas, urban construction sites are requiring deeper and larger excavations. For this reason, excavation is becoming more important. With deeper excavation, the retaining wall system needs to be adjusted, and a support system for retaining walls needs to be established so that the construction can resist the soil pressure. This can have potential problems depending on construction costs, the duration of construction, and the quality of structural frame. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the conventional retaining wall s

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19

Qingbiao, Wang, Zhang Cong, Wang Tiantian, et al. "The Mechanical Property of Bidirectional Geogrid and its Application Research in Retaining Wall Design." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801509010214.

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The introduction and rise of new geotechnical composite material greatly promote the development of civil engineering construction. Studying the mechanical properties of bidirectional geogrid and determining the reinforced soil retaining wall design calculation based on the friction reinforcement theory provide theoretical basis and research foundation for its application in the practical engineering. The mechanical properties of bidirectional geogrid are analyzed in depth through theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation. The mechanical property tests in light of di

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20

V. Т. Guzchenko and М. А. Lisnevskyy. "CLASSIFICATION OF RETAINING WALLS." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 3 (May 12, 2015): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2012/26417.

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Classification of various retaining walls structures is given in the article. It gives special attention to material saving structures. Particularly this article talks us about structures of retaining walls with membrane materials andreinforced earth. Retaining walls with application of reinforced concrete shell structures of the various shapes, wall on pile foundation, gabion walls and anchor counterfort retaining walls are noted.

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21

Garga, Vinod K., and Vince O'Shaughnessy. "Tire-reinforced earthfill. Part 1: Construction of a test fill, performance, and retaining wall design." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (2000): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-084.

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The satisfactory disposal of scrap tires is a major environmental problem worldwide. This waste occupies valuable space in landfill sites, and tire stockpiles pose serious health and fire hazards. The use of scrap tires as reinforcement for construction of retaining walls and slopes is a viable method towards reduction of this waste. This paper describes the construction of a 57 m high × 17 m wide instrumented test fill, comprising both retaining wall and reinforced slope sections. Approximately 10 000 whole tires and tires with one sidewall removed, tied together with polypropylene rope, were

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22

Li, Yun. "Fatigue Life Analysis of Reinforced Retaining Wall under Cyclic Loading." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1437.

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Large-scale reinforced earth retaining wall model test has been Designed and completed. The model size is 3.0mχ0.85m χ2.0m(lengthwidthhigh) Slope angle is 70º, Fill with the use of red sandsχtone construction site preparation materials By entering a different amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal load, to discuss the law of Dynamic characteristics of the model wall and fatigue life under the repetition load. The results showed that, the fatigue life has a linear relationship with the stress amplitude of three reinforced structures ,the logarithm of fatigue life changes with the stress ampl

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23

Geng, Min. "A Short Review on the Dynamic Characteristics of Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls under Cyclic Loading." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537912.

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The internal force and the form of reinforced soil wall used in high-speed railway change due to the static loads of self-gravity and rail system and dynamic load of train travelling. As a kind of flexible retaining structure, the study of the dynamic characteristics of reinforced retaining walls is of great significance for its engineering application and structural analysis. In this article, recent advances in using various research methods on the dynamic characteristics of reinforced retaining walls are reviewed. Through a series of experimental studies and numerical analysis, the research

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24

Lu, Liang, and Peng Liu. "Horizontal residual displacement of reinforced soil retaining wall under seismic forcing." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 48 (February 11, 2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2022.23066.

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As a new type of flexible retaining structure, reinforced soil retaining wall is widely used in civil engineering and highway engineering because of good seismic performance and economy. The residual displacement under seism is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced soil retaining wall. The related theoretical research is rare. Taking the pseudo-dynamic method and kinematic differential equation as the theoretical basis, considering the residual deformation under large magnitude, a theoretical method is proposed to calculate the residual displace

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25

O'Regan, Chris. "Technical Guidance Note (Level 2, No. 18): Design of unreinforced masonry retaining walls." Structural Engineer 96, no. 10 (2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/edha8799.

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This Technical Guidance Note is intended to act as an aide to those seeking to design an unreinforced masonry retaining wall. Following this guidance will prevent cracking and ensure that the wall performs as originally intended. The note will not cover the design of reinforced masonry retaining walls and variants of that form. Such reinforcement typically strengthens the wall itself against induced bending stresses and the wall’s geometry will therefore be somewhat different to that of an unreinforced retaining wall. The note will also not discuss the applied actions that a retaining wall wil

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26

Saran, Swami, K. G. Garg, and R. K. Bhandari. "Retaining Wall with Reinforced Cohesionless Backfill." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 118, no. 12 (1992): 1869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1992)118:12(1869).

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27

Lin, Yu Liang, and Guo Lin Yang. "Dynamic Deformation Behavior and Life Analysis of Green Reinforced Gabion Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.251.

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In order to study dynamic deformation behavior of green reinforced gabion retaining wall, lab test was carried out and the dynamic loads of 4 frequencies and 4 amplitudes were imposed. The total cycles of dynamic load reached 2 million. Lateral and vertical deformation behaviors of green reinforced gabion retaining wall were investigated, and the main factors which influenced the dynamic deformation behavior and their significance were obtained. Meanwhile, fatigue life analysis on green reinforced gabion retaining wall was made. The results show that dynamic deformation is greatly affected by

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28

Li, Xinxin, Xiaoguang Cai, Sihan Li, Xin Huang, Chen Zhu, and Honglu Xu. "Analysis of the Structural Behavior Evolution of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls Under the Combined Effects of Rainfall and Earthquake." Buildings 15, no. 1 (2024): 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010115.

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Major earthquakes and rainfall may occur at the same time, necessitating further investigation into the dynamic characteristics and responses of reinforced soil retaining walls subjected to the combined forces of rainfall and seismic activity. Three sets of shaking table tests on model retaining walls were designed, a modular reinforced earth retaining wall was utilized as the subject of this study, and a custom-made device was made to simulate rainfall conditions of varying intensities. These tests monitored the rainwater infiltration pattern, macroscopic phenomena, panel displacement, tensio

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Ha, Yongsoo, Gichul Kweon, and Yuntae Kim. "Monitoring Technique Using a Vision-based Single-Camera System for Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (2020): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.209.

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Reinforced soil retaining walls are widely applied, and their frequency of collapse increases along with their use. Safety inspections are regularly conducted to ensure the structural safety of such walls. However, unexpected collapses occur for different reasons, such as design and construction problems, maintenance issues, and natural disasters including intensive rainfall. In this study, a single-camera system is proposed to evaluate the behavior of a retaining wall based on a single-perspective image. Various feature matching methods were compared to determine the optimal method for monito

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30

Li, Fu Lin, and Fang Le Peng. "FEM Analysis on Tensile Force of Geosynthetic Reinforcement Arranged in GRS-RW Considering Variable Loading Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 188 (June 2012): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.188.60.

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The combined effects of the rate-dependent behavior of both the backfill soil and the geosynthetic reinforcement have been investigated, which should be attributed to the viscous property of material. A nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analysis procedure based on the Dynamic Relaxation method was developed for the geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall (GRS-RW). In the numerical analysis, both the viscous properties of the backfill and the reinforcement were considered through the unified nonlinear three-component elastic-viscoplastic model. The FEM procedure was validated against a

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31

Wen, Shu Lian, and Hai Bin La. "Analysis of Engineering Application about Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.585.

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Geogrids reinforced soil retaining walls are widely used in various fields, such as highway, railway, architectural engineering, hydraulic engineering and so on because of its remarkable economical benefits, constructing convenience, adaption to the foundation simplicity of foundation treatment good vibration resistance shapely configuration and environmental pollution-free etc. Combined with a real engineering, the applied effects of geogrids reinforced earth retaining was tested. Based on the field test results and finite element method numerical analysis, the engineering characteristics of

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32

Lu, Liang, Zong Jian Wang, Huan Feng, and Katsuhiko Arai. "Analysis of Long-Term Deformation of Reinforced Retaining Wall Using Optical Fiber Sensor Geotextile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.338.

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Geotextile have been widely used in the reinforced retaining wall, but it is not easy to measure the deformation of the wall during and after construction. To assess the deformation stability of the reinforced retaining wall, an optical fiber sensor was used in geotextile. Based on the measurement accuracy of strain for the sensor geotextile, an actual geotextile-reinforced retaining wall was studied using the fiber sensor geotextile. The experimental results were compared with the results from a numerical procedure, which employs the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and an initial stress method a

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33

Zhu, Yalin, Renyi Chen, Liming Wu, Qian Xu, and Zijian Zhan. "Reinforcement placement on mechanics and deformation of stepped reinforced retaining wall experimental study of characteristics." Applied Rheology 32, no. 1 (2022): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2022-0131.

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Abstract Three sets of indoor model tests of reinforced retaining walls were conducted to study the effects of reinforcing material placement on the displacement of reinforced retaining walls, wall top settlement, earth pressure distribution, and potential failure surface. The test results show that under different reinforcement laying conditions, the maximum horizontal displacement of the lower wall panel appears at the top of the lower retaining wall, and the maximum horizontal displacement of the upper wall panel appears at 0.6H. The settlement of the top of the wall decreases by about 9.1%

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Jadhav, Kavita, Shital Desai, Punam Tayade, Raj Bhandari, Prajakta Mote, and N. V. Khadake. "Analysis and Design of RCC Retaining Wall to Overcome Landslide." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 3972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51171.

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Abstract: This article examines and designs the 3.5 m cantilever retaining wall and the SBC 200 T/M3 reinforced concrete retaining wall. Retaining walls provide vertical support for the soil. They are often used in poorly sloping areas or where landscaping is heavy and must be designed for various purposes such as hillside planting or road overpasses. The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of retaining walls, their behaviour and different types of failure. Retaining walls are usually walls that support the soil behind them. The purpose of this study is to understand the

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35

Liu, Yi Tong, and Xing Huang. "Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Stability of Reinforced High Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.227.

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To solve the designing problem in control the deformation and stability of reinforced retaining wall in the airport, the paper introduced the method of finite element strength reduction. After the determination of the soil constitutive model, the geogrid reinforcement constitutive model and stability calculation parameters, the research established the stability and deformation numerical simulation model of a reinforced retaining wall, and carried out a systematic analysis of the retaining wall by the finite element method, provided a scientific basis in order to ensure slope safety and optimi

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36

Bian, Changrong, Zhiqiang Lai, Ruonan Liu, Zhongmei Wang, and Kewei Fan. "Study on Non-Limited Earth Pressures of Soilbag-Reinforced Retaining Structures with Surcharge Loads." Materials 17, no. 3 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17030611.

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The earth pressure acting on soilbag-reinforced retaining structures subjected to surcharge loads under non-limited states is crucial for designing these structures. In this study, mode tests on soilbag-reinforced retaining walls were conducted to the earth pressure of the wall subjected to surcharge loads. The findings from these tests reveal a non-linear distribution of lateral earth pressure on the wall when subjected to surcharge loads in non-limited states, with an observed escalation in pressure corresponding to increased surcharge loads. Insights from the tests facilitated the developme

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37

Liu, Yong, Zhanyong Yao, Mingxia Shao, Hongzhe Liu, and Yulong Zhao. "Mechanical Behavior of the Reinforced Retaining Wall under Vehicle Load." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2197572.

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This study primarily aims to explore the mechanical behavior and influence factors of the reinforced retaining wall subject to vehicle loads. Mohr–Coulomb model was adopted to simulate and analyze the structural characteristics of the reinforced retaining wall by the finite element method. Its mechanical behavior was investigated in accordance with relevant theories. The results showed that the vertical and horizontal maximum displacement of the reinforced retaining wall occurs at the wall surface of the retaining wall, the maximum internal soil pressure appears at the middle and lower part of

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38

Li, Fu Lin, and Fang Le Peng. "FEM Simulation of Earth Pressure on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall under Variable Rate Loading." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.266.

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On the basis of the Dynamic Relaxation method, a nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analysis procedure was developed for the geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall. The FEM procedure technique incorporated the unified three-component elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model which can consider the rate-dependent behavior of both the backfill soil and the geosynthitic reinforcement. A simulation was performed on a physical model test on geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall to validate the presented FEM. Extensive finite-element analyses were carried out to investigate the earth pres

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Su, Jun, and Xiao Qiang Yang. "Model Experimental Research of Double-Sided Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.482.

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Double reinforced earth retaining wall belongs to flexible structures, so it adapts well to soft foundation deformation. Compared with other forms of retaining wall, double reinforced earth retaining wall is more economic. An experimental study was conducted to assess the earth pressure on the facing of double-sided reinforced earth retaining wall, and its fundamental mechanism was researched. The results indicate that the horizontal earth pressure on the back grows with the increase of the thickness of the filled soil, its value was between active earth pressure and static earth pressure, the

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Bhattacharjee, Arup, and A. Murali Krishna. "Seismic Response of Rigid Faced Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 3, no. 2 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgee.2012070101.

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Reinforced soil walls offer excellent solution to problems associated with earth retaining structures under seismic conditions. Among different types of reinforced soil walls, rigid faced walls are widely used in various infrastructure projects. Presented is the seismic response of such rigid faced reinforced soil retaining walls through numerical models. Development of numerical model for simulating the shaking table tests on rigid faced reinforced soil retaining walls and its application in investigating the seismic response of wall models are presented. These models are discussed in depth i

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Yuedong, Wu, Zhang Lei, Xu Nan, and Lui Jian. "Stability analysis of composite I-shaped masonry reinforced retaining wall." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019802032.

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Based on the actual project, the influence of geogrid on the stability of the retaining wall of the single-layer masonry reinforced retaining wall is studied through field test and finite element software ABAQUS numerical simulation. The influence of geogrid on the stability of the retaining wall was determined by analyzing the changes in the pressure of the backfill, the displacement of the retaining wall and the strain of the geogrid, and changing the length and spacing of the geogrid through the controlled variable method. The results show that the geogrid can limit the horizontal displacem

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Song, Zehan, Lijun Wan, and Quansheng Sun. "Study on the Anti-overturning Stability of Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall with Filling-reinforcement Band." Journal Of The Geological Society Of India 101, no. 5 (2025): 664–75. https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2025/174139.

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ABSTRACT Soil retaining walls are a novel civil engineering structure. However, in recent years, the occurrence of forward tilt problem in these walls has drawn attention. This paper discusses the influence of changes in reinforcement and fill properties on the anti-overturning stability of retaining walls using field test data and Plaxis 2D finite element software’s strength reduction method. It also analyzes the coupling effect between fill and reinforcement. The results indicate that increasing the stiffness of georeinforced belts by 500kN/m can reduce horizontal wall displacement by approx

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Laba, J. T., and J. B. Kennedy. "Reinforced earth retaining wall analysis and design." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 3 (1986): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-045.

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An experimental and theoretical study was conducted to assess the maximum tensile forces mobilized in a reinforced earth retaining wall, subjected to a vertical surcharge strip load or the combined action of vertical and horizontal surcharge strip loads. A simple design method for determining the maximum magnitude of the tensile force and its distribution with depth of the reinforced earth backfill was developed. The design method takes into consideration the ability of the reinforced earth wall system to retain its internl equilibrium by stress transfer from overstressed regions to those regi

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Srivastava, Shubham, Saurabh Pandey, and Rajesh Kumar. "Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall using Particle Swarm Optimization." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012042.

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Abstract The design of structures depends on designer’s experience and generally, the designer proceeds with trial and error until he arrives at a design which satisfies prescribed limit states. This is especially true for reinforced concrete structures in which the structural configuration is decided first and then reinforcement requirements are determined, resulting in higher cost. Retaining walls involve a large number of variables and therefore have been far from optimization. However, since retaining walls comprise of 20-30 percent of the cost of highways in hilly regions, their optimizat

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Changwei, Yang, Zhang Shixian, Zhang Jianjing, and Bi Junwei. "Seismic Stability Time-Frequency Analysis Method of Reinforced Retaining Wall." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178692.

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The first-order differential equation of the seismic active earth pressure is established by horizontal slices analysis method, based on the elastic wave theory, with the summarized dynamic analysis model of the reinforced retaining wall and the plane of fracture assumed as linear type. And then this paper proposes a time-frequency analysis method for the internal antiseismic stability analysis on the retaining wall. The reasonability of this method is verified by the results from other methods, for example, rule. The internal frictional angle of filling earth, the seismic intensity, and the f

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Tang, Xiao Song, Ying Ren Zheng, and Lai Jie. "Application of FEM Strength Reduction Dynamic Analysis in the Seismic Design of Reinforced Earth-Retaining Wall with Geo-Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1419.

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Due to the special mesh structure, geo-grid material can avoid local subsidence of filling material, reduce uneven settlement of soil mass to the largest degree and improve the whole stability of soil mass, so the reinforced earth-retaining wall with geo-grid is widely used in engineering. Meanwhile, researches on its dynamic characters are not enough and it is hard to judge the whole stability of reinforced earth-retaining wall under seismic condition. When unstable failure happens, the location of failure surface can hardly be identified. These disadvantages have seriously limited the develo

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Qin, Pinpin, Zhicheng Xu, and Yiyuan Shi. "Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Deformation of Critical Vehicle Components and Damage to Retaining Walls of Emergency Escape Ramps During Truck Impacts." Sensors 25, no. 4 (2025): 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041013.

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In this study, finite element numerical simulations were used to investigate the deformation of critical vehicle components and the damage characteristics of the retaining wall at the end of the emergency escape ramp after the impact of a Ford 800 truck on the retaining wall of the refuge lane. A finite element model of the reinforced concrete retaining wall of the truck was created using the LS-DYNA (R11.0) program and the correctness of the constructed finite element model was confirmed by tests. The parameters of the reinforced concrete retaining wall were determined using orthogonal tests.

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Kukina, O. B., V. V. Volkov, O. A. Volokitina, and N. A. Rozhdestvina. "Modeling of the Retaining Wall Structure Reinforced with Metamorphosed Clay Soil." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 1(65) (February 5, 2025): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.36622/2542-0526.2025.65.1.005.

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Statement of the problem. In order to increase the strength characteristics of retaining walls, the problem of their design using weak soils, dispersed silicate bricks, and concrete is considered. Results. An example of modeling the characteristics of retaining walls reinforced with metamorphosed clay soil in places of the bulk layer using secondary silicate is shown. The paper shows one of the ways of using silicate gas and weak soil; a design scheme of a massive retaining wall is created; the basic geometric and mechanical parameters of a massive retaining wall are calculated; the coefficien

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KITAMOTO, Yukiyoshi, Hiroshi ABE, Kazunori KAMIKI, and Hironori YAMAMURA. "Construction of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall." Geosynthetics Engineering Journal 13 (1998): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal.13.23.

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Rubin, Oleg D., Sergey E. Lisichkin, and Fedor A. Pashenko. "Development of a method for calculating the stress state in horizontal sections of hydraulic engineering angular-type retaining walls." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 15, no. 5 (2019): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-5-339-344.

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Angular retaining walls are widespread in hydraulic engineering. They are characterized by large dimensions, small percentages of reinforcement, block cutting along the height of the structure. The bulk of the existing retaining walls were built in the 1960s-1980s. The regulatory documents that were in force during this period had certain shortcomings that caused the non-design behavior of a number of retaining walls. Improvement of calculation methods for reinforced concrete structures of retaining walls is required, within the framework of which a more complete account of the characteristic

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