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1
Riudavets, Mariona, Georgia Anguera, Daniela Camacho, Aida Bujosa, Raul Terés, Maria Borrell, Pablo Gallardo, et al. "Management of stage I seminomatous germ-cell cancer (SGCC): Results from 4 different risk-adapted strategies in a single institution." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e16047-e16047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e16047.
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e16047 Background: Management of stage I SGCC depends on pathological findings after orchiectomy. Four risk-adapted strategies were sequentially applied in a single institution during a 24-year (yr) period according to national guidelines. Here, we compare treatment burden and outcomes of each of them. Methods: From 1/1994 to 1/2018, 208 patients with stage I SGCC were prospectively included in 4 cohorts. Those without risk criteria underwent close surveillance. Patients received active treatment as follow: Group 1: 1994-1999, only patients with T > pT1 received 2 cycles of carboplatin (CBDCA AUC7 x2); Group 2: 1999-2003, patients received CBDCA AUC7 x2 if either tumor size > 4cm or rete testis invasion; Group 3 : 2004-2009, CBDCA AUC7 x2 if both tumor size > 4cm and rete testis invasion were present; Group 4 : ≥2010, CBDCA AUC7 x1 if either tumor size > 4cm or rete testis invasion. Kaplan Meier and log-rank tests were used to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS), Kruskal-Wallis test to compare amount of chemotherapy received per patient. Results: At a median follow-up of 108 months [range 3-423], 19 (9.1%) relapses had occurred. Global 3 and 5-yr DFS were 92.3% and 90%. All relapsing patients were rendered disease-free with 4 cycles of cisplatin (CDDP) - etoposide. Table 1 summarizes results by cohort: Conclusions: A risk-adapted program provided an overall specific survival of 100%. A clinically significant difference in RR was observed when 1 or 2 courses of CBDCA were given. In our series and considering treatment burden, vascular invasion was a better criteria for patient selection to adjuvant chemotherapy, showing a similar DFS but a lower no of total platinum cycles per patient.[Table: see text]
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Warde, Padraig, Lena Specht, Alan Horwich, Tim Oliver, Tony Panzarella, Mary Gospodarowicz, and Hans von der Maase. "Prognostic Factors for Relapse in Stage I Seminoma Managed by Surveillance: A Pooled Analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 4448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.01.038.
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PURPOSE: Several management options are available to patients with stage I seminoma, including adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a pooled analysis of patients from the four largest surveillance studies to better delineate prognostic factors associated with disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individual patient data were obtained from each center (Princess Margaret Hospital, Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group, Royal Marsden Hospital, and Royal London Hospital) for 638 patients. Tumor characteristics (size, histologic subtype, invasion of rete testis, and tumor invasion into small vessels [SVI]) as well as age at diagnosis were analyzed for prognostic importance for relapse. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range, 0.02 to 17.5 years), 121 relapses were observed for an actuarial 5-year relapse-free rate (RFR) of 82.3%. On univariate analysis, tumor size (RFR: ≤ 4 cm, 87%; > 4 cm, 76%; P = .003), rete testis invasion (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P = .003), and the presence of SVI (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P = .038) were predictive of relapse. On multivariate analysis, tumor size (≤ 4 cm v > 4 cm, hazard ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) and invasion of the rete testis (hazard ratio 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) remained as important predictors for relapse. CONCLUSION: We have identified size of primary tumor and rete testis invasion as important prognostic factors for relapse in patients with stage I seminoma managed with surveillance. This information will allow patients and clinicians to choose management based on a more accurate assessment of an individual patient’s risk of relapse. In addition, it will allow clinicians to tailor follow-up protocols based on risk of occult disease.
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Aparicio, Jorge, José R. Germà, Xavier García del Muro, Pablo Maroto, José A. Arranz, Alberto Sáenz, Agustín Barnadas, et al. "Risk-Adapted Management for Patients With Clinical Stage I Seminoma: The Second Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 34 (December 1, 2005): 8717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.01.9810.
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Purpose To assess the efficacy of a risk-adapted treatment policy for patients with stage I seminoma by using universally accepted risk criteria. Patients and Methods Between 1999 and 2003, 314 patients with clinical stage I seminoma after orchiectomy were prospectively included. One hundred patients (31.8%) presented no risk factors and were managed with surveillance. In contrast, 131 patients (41.7%) had tumors larger than 4 cm, 33 patients (10.5%) had rete testis involvement, and 50 patients (15.9%) had both risk factors. All the latter received two courses of adjuvant carboplatin. Results Chemotherapy was well tolerated, as only 17 patients (7.9%) presented grade 3 to 4 toxicity. Relapses were observed in six patients (6.0%) on surveillance and in seven patients (3.3%) treated with carboplatin (0.8% of tumors larger than 4 cm, 9.1% of those involving the rete testis, and 6.0% of patients with both risk criteria). All were located at the retroperitoneum, except for one at the spermatic cord. Median tumor size was 25 mm (range, 11 to 70 mm), and median time to relapse was 9 months (range, 4 to 28 months). All patients were rendered disease-free with chemotherapy (etoposide plus cisplatin). Median follow-up was 34 months (range, 12 to 72 months). The actuarial 5-year disease-free survival rate was 93.4% for patients on surveillance and 96.2% for patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall 5-year survival was 100%. Conclusion Adjuvant carboplatin is effective in reducing the relapse rate in patients with stage I seminoma and risk factors. A risk-adapted strategy is safe and feasible and should be considered an alternative to systematic approaches, such as irradiation, chemotherapy, or surveillance.
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de Souza, Fernanda Lopes, Mariana Oliveira, Marianne Brochado Nunes, Lucas Horstmann Serafim, Alan Arrieira Azambuja, Luisa Maria G. de M. Braga, Lisiani Saur, Maria Antonieta Lopes de Souza, and Léder Leal Xavier. "Sunitinib Improves Some Clinical Aspects and Reverts DMBA-Induced Hyperplasic Lesions in Hamster Buccal Pouch." ISRN Otolaryngology 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/859621.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a public health problem. The hamster buccal pouch model is ideal for analyzing the development of OSCC. This research analysed the effects of sunitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in precancerous lesions induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in this model. Thirty-four male hamsters, divided into six groups: control—C n=7, acetone—A n=12, carbamide peroxide—CP n=5, acetone and CP—A+CP n=8, 1% DMBA in acetone and CP—DA+CP n=6, and 1% DMBA in acetone and CP and 4-week treatment with sunitinib—DA+CP+S n=7. The aspects evaluated were anatomopathological features (peribuccal area, paws, nose, and fur), histological sections of the hamster buccal pouches (qualitatively analyzed), epithelium thickness, and the rete ridge density (estimated). Sunitinib was unable to attenuate the decrease in weight gain induced by DMBA; no increase in volume was detected in the pouch and/or ulceration, observed in 43% of the animals in the DA+CP group. DA+CP groups presented a significant increase in rete ridge density compared to the control groups (P<0.01) which was reverted by sunitinib in the DA+CP+S group. Sunitinib seems to have important benefits in early stage carcinogenesis and may be useful in chemoprevention.
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Jahan, Reza, Timothy D. Solberg, Daniel Lee, Paul Medin, Satoshi Tateshima, James Sayre, Antonio De Salles, Harry V. Vinters, and Fernando Vinuela. "Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the Rete Mirabile in Swine: A Longitudinal Study of Histopathological Changes." Neurosurgery 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000197335.93538.bd.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an established, effective treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations. The mechanisms of vessel occlusion in arteriovenous malformations has not been extensively evaluated. To better understand these mechanisms, we report histopathological changes in the swine rete mirabile after stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Thirty-five swine were used, 15 as nonradiated controls and 20 as radiated. Two in the control group and five in the radiated group were sacrificed before the study endpoint. Tissue was obtained from 13 nonradiated (4 at 3 mo, 5 at 6 mo, 4 at 9 mo) and 15 radiated swine (2 at 3 mo, 3 at 6 mo, 10 at 9 mo) for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Radiated vessels showed increasing intimal hyperplasia over the follow-up period. Histometrical analysis confirmed this with evidence of progressive luminal narrowing over the follow-up period. Immunohistochemical analysis showed intimal cells to be proliferating smooth muscle cells with surrounding extracellular collagen Type IV. Adventitial fibrosis composed of collagen Type IV was also seen with smooth muscle cells interspersed within the collagen matrix. The nonradiated animals showed no intimal hyperplasia or change in the appearance or size of the vessels over the same follow-up period. Adventitial fibrosis was minimal in the nonradiated animals. CONCLUSION: The vessels show an intimal response to radiation with progressive occlusion caused by migrating, proliferating smooth muscle cells, a likely source of the extracellular collagen in the intima. Cytokine mediated pathways likely produce these morphological changes. Future studies will be directed toward elucidating these underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Baker, Anne E. "Help or Hindrance? Outside Group Advertising Expenditures in House Races." Forum 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2018-0023.
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Abstract Super PACs, 501(c)4 social welfare organizations, and 501(c)6 professional associations are now major spenders in House elections. What remains unclear is how the strategic expenditure choices of these respective outside interest groups impact the competitive position of non-incumbent candidates running for the House – specifically do their advertising expenditures undermine or augment the expenditures made by the campaign. Using the Wesleyan Media Project datasets of 2012 and 2014 in combination with campaign finance data in a series of models, I find early television advertising expenditures by the aforementioned 501(c) dark money organizations diminish the effectiveness of non-incumbents’ campaign expenditures – both on television advertising and in general – whereas super PACs’ early television advertising expenditures have no significant impact on campaign spending. A comparison of 501(c) dark money organizations’ and super PACs’ advertising choices in 2012 and 2014 reveals these differential effects likely relate to legal constraints leading 501(c)s, and not super PACs, to devote more resources toward policy advertisements early in the general election cycle. I argue this choice by 501(c) s makes it difficult for non-incumbents’ campaigns to shape the policy agenda early in the race leading the campaign’s expenditures on television advertising and the campaign’s total disbursements to be less effective in terms of improving the candidate’s competitiveness.
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Lane, John C., and Yeichi Nagase. "Feasibility of Teaching Resuscitation by Television in Brazil." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043910.
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Of the 110 million people in Brazil, only 4% to 6% read regularly; nevertheless, 50% have access to a television set. Instructors, audio-visual training aids, and manikins are virtually non-existent. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) through television (TV). Two representative groups were taught in this study: 1) high school students; and 2) regular army recruits. The first group because 50% of the population is under age 18; the second group of 18 to 19 years because they better represent the general population.
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Koutsoukos, Konstantinos, Michael Liontos, Maria Lykka, Georgios Rigakos, Anna Andreadou, Eleni Efstathiou, Angelos Koutras, et al. "Two cycles of carboplatin as adjuvant therapy in stage I seminoma: 8-year experience by the Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group (HECOG)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 4558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4558.
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4558 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is used in stage I testicular seminoma. We have reported a risk-adapted strategy of 2 cycles of cisplatin/etoposide (EP) in 64 patients with age < 34 and/or tumor diameter > 4cm) (Bamias et al, Urology 2007), resulting in no relapses over a median follow up of 5 years. Following the establishment of adjuvant carboplatin as a standard, we adopted this treatment for all patients with stage I seminoma. We report our 8-year experience and compare these results with our previous EP strategy. Methods: Patients with stage I seminoma, treated with 2 cycles of carboplatin AUC 6 and a minimum follow up of 1 year after chemotherapy were selected. All patients consented for the use of their medical information and the analysis was approved by the centers involved. Survival functions were presented using Kaplan-Meier curves. The log-rank test was used to test for survival differences across different categories. Results: 137 patients (Median age: 34; Age<34: 49%, tumor diameter>4cm: 42%; rete testis invasion: 24%), treated between 11/2003-12/2011 were selected. During a median follow up of 4 years, there were 5 relapses (5-y relapse rate [RR]: 97% [SE: 2%]): retroperitoneal lymph nodes (n=4) and isolated brain (n=1). All patients with relapse had tumor diameter > 4cm and/or age < 34. No relapse was associated with rete testis invasion. Patients with at least 1 of the above risk factors (n=94) had a significantly higher relapse rate compared with a similar population (n=64) treated with 2 cycles of adjuvant EP: 5-y RR was 95% (SE: 2%) vs.100% (SE 0%), (p=0.033). All relapsed patients were treated with BEP chemotherapy and are currently alive with no evidence of relapse. Neutropenia and nausea/vomiting were less frequent with carboplatin than with EP (11% vs. 36% and 15% vs. 65%). Conclusions: Our analysis confirms the association of age and tumor diameter with relapse in stage I seminoma treated with adjuvant carboplatin. Although adjuvant carboplatin in patients with age<34 and/or tumor diameter> 4 cm is associated with higher RR than EP, the prognosis of these patients is excellent with salvage chemotherapy and, therefore, the use of less toxic treatment is justified.
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Gbadamosi, Ayantunji, Robert E. Hinson, Eddy K. Tukamushaba, and Irene Ingunjiri. "Children's Attitudinal Reactions to TV Advertisements: The African Experience." International Journal of Market Research 54, no. 4 (July 2012): 543–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-54-4-543-566.
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This paper is aimed at exploring African children's attitudinal reactions to television advertisements. A total of 65 children from four African countries - Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda - participated in 12 focus group discussions on the subject matter. Findings suggest that they like television advertising in relation to its entertainment features - especially when the messages feature children characters, cartoons, music, celebrities and humour - and those promoting foods. They also derive excitement from advertising messages that are presented in Pidgin language and/or humorously integrated with local languages. However, they have an aversion to messages that terrify them and those they consider boring. This paper supplements the existing literature on the attitudes of children to advertising, but from Africa as a different contextual platform. It also suggests directions for the effective use of marketing communications strategies in relation to television advertising for marketers and other bodies with special roles in communicating with children such as government agencies and NGOs.
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Kelly, Deirdre, John Buckley, Geoffrey Watson, Desmond Carney, and John Mc Caffrey. "A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of Toxicity, Prognostication and Oncological Outcomes in Clinical Stage One Seminoma Treated with Carboplatin." Cancer and Clinical Oncology 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cco.v5n1p95.
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Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical role and side effect profile of adjuvant carboplatin in patients with clinical stage one seminoma. Methods: Twenty four patients with stage one seminoma who were treated with carboplatin were assessed retrospectively. Result: 54% (13/24) of patients experienced no acute toxicities with carboplatin.17%(8/24) had grade 1 myelosupression, 8% (2/24)had fatigue and 4%(1/24) had epididymo-orchitis.In terms of long-term toxicities due to carboplatin; 67% (15/24) were well at follow up,13% (3/24) had gastrointestinal toxicity,8% (2/24) had pulmonary changes ,4% (1/24)had grade two fatigue,4%(1/24) had a cardiac event and 4%(1/24) had erectile dysfunction.17% (4/24)had high risk histologic features with a tumour size greater than 4 cm and rete testis involvement.4% (1/24) patient had recurrent disease. 4% (1/24) patient had a second malignancy. All patients were alive at follow up. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that carboplatin is a safe and well tolerated alternative to Active Surveillance in a selected group of patients.
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Funnell, Liam, Isabel Garriock, Ben Shirley, and Tracey Williamson. "Dementia-friendly design of television news broadcasts." Journal of Enabling Technologies 13, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-02-2018-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand factors that affect viewing of television news programmes by people living with dementia, and to identify dementia-friendly design principles for television news programmes and factors for personalising object-based media broadcast. Design/methodology/approach Extensive public involvement comprising two discussion groups with people with dementia and family carers informed the study design and provided supplementary secondary data. Primary data collection comprised a focus group interview with people with dementia (n=4) and family carers (n=4). Past viewing experiences and perceived barriers and facilitators to viewing television were explored. Participants commented on an array of video clips comprising varying segments of fictional news programmes, plus control versions of each segment. Findings Four themes were identified: content (general comments, context, type of media and pace); presenter (body language, clothing and accent); background (location and studio appearance); and technical aspects (graphics, sound, colours, camera, transitions, general issues). Research limitations/implications Limitations included a modest sample size which is offset by exemplary public involvement in informing the study design. Practical implications Measures ensured research involvement and participation was made accessible to people living with dementia. Social implications Participants benefited from sharing views with peers and expressed enhanced wellbeing from knowing their participation could lead to improved television viewing, an important social occupation, for people with dementia in the future. Originality/value This study is the first to be published which focusses on dementia-friendly television news programmes.
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Hammons, Amber Jean, Elizabeth Villegas, Norma Olvera, Kimberly Greder, Barbara Fiese, and Margarita Teran-Garcia. "The Evolving Family Mealtime: Findings From Focus Group Interviews With Hispanic Mothers." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 3, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): e18292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18292.
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Background Given the protective effects of shared family mealtimes and the importance of family in the Hispanic culture, this context should be explored further to determine how it can be leveraged and optimized for interventions. Objective This study aimed to explore contextual factors associated with family mealtimes in Mexican and Puerto Rican families. Methods A total of 63 mothers participated in 13 focus group interviews across 4 states. Thematic analysis was used to analyze transcripts. Results Seven overarching themes were identified through the thematic analysis. Themes reflected who was present at the mealtime, what occurs during mealtime, the presence of television, the influence of technology during mealtime, and how mealtimes have changed since the mothers were children. Conclusions Hispanic mothers may be adapting family mealtimes to fit their current situations and needs, keeping the television and other devices on during mealtimes, and making additional meals for multiple family members to appease everyone’s tastes. All of these are areas that can be incorporated into existing culturally tailored obesity prevention programs to help families lead healthier lives.
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Hesketh, Kylie D., Konsita Kuswara, Gavin Abbott, Jo Salmon, Jill A. Hnatiuk, and Karen J. Campbell. "How to Change Young Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Mechanisms of Behavior Change in the INFANT Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." Children 8, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060470.
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Background: Understanding the mechanisms (mediators) of behavior change is crucial to designing more effective interventions. However, this is rarely reported. This paper investigates the mechanisms that explain the lack of intervention effect on physical activity and the significant effect on television viewing time from an early childhood trial. Methods: Secondary analyses were undertaken of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial. The Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (INFANT) was a 15-month group program promoting obesity-protective behaviors from the age of 4 months. Outcomes relevant to the current study were child physical activity (accelerometer), television viewing time (maternal report) and 12 potential mediator scales (maternal report). Linear regression models used the product of coefficients method with a joint significance test. Results: Complete data were from 398 mother-child dyads. Despite weak evidence of an intervention effect on the mother’s physical activity knowledge and optimism, there was no effect on children’s physical activity, and no clear mechanisms were identified. An intervention effect was observed for the mothers’ television knowledge (unstandardized regression coefficient for a path (a) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI95) = 0.22, 0.45), with weak evidence for maternal efficacy (a = 0.11, CI95 = −0.02, 0.24) and the use of television (a = −0.10, CI95 = −0.22, 0.01). The intervention impact on television knowledge explained 75% of the difference between the intervention and control groups in children’s television viewing. Conclusions: In the very early childhood period, as mothers are commencing their parenting journey, improving their behavioral knowledge appears to be the biggest contributor to reducing child television viewing, constituting a relatively simple strategy that could be implemented across clinical and public health settings. In contrast, it remains unclear what mechanisms may increase physical activity levels in this age group.
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Saleh, Saleh. "The Level of Mass Media Usage in Cattle Extension Communication Network." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v10i1.23.
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This research aim were: (1) To recognize the communication behavior of cattle farmers in searching information, (2) To analyze the level of farmer participation in cattle farmer communication network, (3) To explore the relationship between individual characteristics, (4) To explore interpersonal communication behavior and mass media utilization in cattle farmer communication network. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant difference of communication behavior between the advanced cattle farmers group and the less advanced one. This result informed the distinction of mass media used by cattle farmers in searching information i.e. interpersonal communication relationship in receiving and diffusing information and impersonal communication (media communication) behavior, particularly from television, broadcast and newspapers. (2) There was a significant relationship between formal education characteristic and impersonal communication behavior (television and radio and newspaper). There were significant relationship between economic class and newspaper impact behavior, between mass media ownership and television impact behavior, between education level and mass media ownership with the information search behavior. Individual characteristics of advanced farmers group have negative correlation with the information distribution behavior. Advanced farmer group were characterized by: well educated, higher economic class, more variety of mass media ownership, have more capability to select information according to their needs, profit oriented, risk taker, cosmopolites, have a communication pattern and good relationship among cattle farmer group. All of those characteristics caused un-proper of information diffusion
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Cianfrone, Beth A., and James J. Zhang. "Differential Effects of Television Commercials, Athlete Endorsements, and Venue Signage during a Televised Action Sports Event." Journal of Sport Management 20, no. 3 (July 2006): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.3.322.
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This study examined the differential effectiveness of television commercials, athlete endorsements, venue signage, and combined promotions as assessed by Generation Y consumers. A 2 × 4 independent-group experimental design was conducted, consisting of two experimental conditions (experimental and control) and four video footage interventions with different promotional procedures (television commercial, athlete endorsement, venue signage, and combined promotion). A total of 253 subjects were randomly assigned into the eight groups. The subjects responded to a questionnaire that measured brand awareness in terms of unaided recall, aided recall, and recognition. A factorial MANCOVA revealed that after controlling for differences in the consumption backgrounds of action sports among the subjects, all four promotional procedures effectively increased brand awareness during a televised action sports event. Television commercials were the most effective, followed by combined promotion, athlete endorsement, and venue signage.
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LeBlanc, Allana G., John C. Spence, Valerie Carson, Sarah Connor Gorber, Carrie Dillman, Ian Janssen, Michelle E. Kho, Jodie A. Stearns, Brian W. Timmons, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (aged 0–4 years)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37, no. 4 (August 2012): 753–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2012-063.
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Accumulating evidence suggests that young children spend excessive time being sedentary. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between sedentary behaviours and health indicators during the early years (ages 0–4 years). Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, this review aimed to present the best available evidence on the threshold of sedentary behaviour associated with healthy measures of adiposity, bone health, motor skill development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, and cardiometabolic health indicators in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Online databases, personal libraries, and government documents were searched for relevant studies. Studies that included an intervention (or experimental) group or prospective analysis were included. Twenty-one unique studies, representing 23 papers and 22 417 participants, met inclusion criteria; 7 studies included information on infants, 13 on toddlers, and 10 on preschoolers. Of these, 11, 6, and 8 studies reported data on adiposity, psychosocial health, and cognitive development, respectively. No included study reported on motor skill development, bone, or cardiometabolic health indicators. In conclusion, this review found low- to moderate-quality evidence to suggest that increased television viewing is associated with unfavourable measures of adiposity and decreased scores on measures of psychosocial health and cognitive development. No evidence existed to indicate that television viewing is beneficial for improving psychosocial health or cognitive development. In several instances a dose–response relationship was evident between increased time spent watching television and decreased psychosocial health or cognitive development. This work may be used as evidence to inform public health guidelines. (PROSPERO registration: CRD4011001280.)
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Mitsutake, Seigo, Ai Shibata, Kaori Ishii, Shiho Amagasa, Hiroyuki Kikuchi, Noritoshi Fukushima, Shigeru Inoue, and Koichiro Oka. "Clustering of Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Their Association With Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0219.
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Background: The present study examined the cluster of domain-specific sedentary behaviors (SBs) and their associations with physical function among community-dwelling older adults to identify the target groups that require intervention for SBs. Methods: A total of 314 older adults who participated in a population-based cross-sectional survey and an on-site functional assessment in Matsudo City in Chiba participated in this study. Participants were asked to report the daily average of 6 domain-specific SBs. To identify the cluster of domain-specific SBs, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method. Analysis of covariance adjusted for sociodemographic factors, exercise habit, chronic disease, and total SB time was performed to examine the associations between each cluster and physical functional status. Results: The average age of the participants was 74.5 (5.2) years. The 4 clusters identified were leisure cluster, low cluster, work and personal computer use cluster, and television viewing cluster. The analysis of covariance adjusted for covariates showed that grip strength (P = .01), maximum walking speed (P = .03), and 1-leg standing time (P = .03) were significantly poorer in the television viewing cluster than other clusters. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the television viewing group identified as a high-risk group of physical functional decline; therefore, interventions targeting this group are needed to prevent physical functional decline.
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Ha, Yun-Sok, Kwang Taek Kim, Wook Nam, Hongzoo Park, Sangjun Yoo, Chan Ho Lee, Ho Seok Chung, et al. "Investigation of Information Acquisition Channel for Prostate Cancer High-Risk Group." Korean Journal of Urological Oncology 19, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22465/kjuo.2021.19.3.174.
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Purpose: The survey was conducted on Korean men to examine information acquisition channel for prostate cancer high risk group as part of the “Blue Ribbon Campaign” of the Korean Urological Oncology Society.Materials and Methods: An online survey of 500 men aged 50 years old or older was completed to query investigation of the status of prostate cancer awareness and information acquisition from February 4 to February 9, 2021.Results: Most men in their 50s and older are well aware that prostate cancer can also occur in young men in their 40s, so the rate of misunderstanding of the timing of prostate cancer screening after their 60s is very low. Two-thirds of all respondents (67.2%) were also confirmed that prostate cancer had no initial symptoms and was not included in the national cancer screening. Seventy-five percent of people look up information on their own in case of suspected prostate cancer, and 51.6% seek out knowledge on their own to prevent prostate cancer. Of the respondents, 27.4% of men contacted prostate cancer-related information within the past year, and the percentage of people contacted through ‘Internet/Phone,’ ‘People Around’ and ‘Television’ was high. The most trusted channel among prostate cancer information channels was ‘medical professionals,’ but the experience rate was not high, and the channel with high experience rate and reliability was shown as ‘television.’Conclusions: Much effort is still needed to understand the information acquisition behavior of Korean men and to improve awareness of early screening for prostate cancer.
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Subardjo, Yovita Puri, Toto Sudargo, and Madarina Julia. "Paparan iklan televisi terhadap pemilihan makanan dan asupan energi pada anak." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18852.
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Background: Obesity in school children is the problem of world epidemics of which its prevalence increases sharply. Food marketing through television is presumed to be one of the causing factors.Objective: To find out whether exposure to food and beverage ads through television influenced food choice and intake in children and whether its effect varied in different nutrition status.Method: The study was an experiment involving 2 experiment groups. The first group was exposed to film with food and beverage ads; the second with ads excluding foods and beverages. The children were given 8 advertised foods and drinks and 4 natural foods. The assessment was then made on energy intake and food choice. The population of the study was elementary school children at Yogyakarta Municipality and samples were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively and through correlation analysis.Results: Children exposed to food and beverage television ads had higher energy intake (262.7±99.7 kcal) from those on ads than children not exposed to ads (233.7±103.3 kcal), and chose more from those on ads (4.7±1.7) than children not exposed to ads (4.2±1.7). Children with normal nutrition status were influenced more by food and beverage television ads than children with over nourished and undernourished nutrition status.Conclusion: Exposure to food and beverage television ads influenced food choice and energy intake in children.
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Zappasodi, Patrizia, Laura Marbello, Erika Borlenghi, Monica Fumagalli, Massimo Bernardi, Nicola Stefano Fracchiolla, Matteo Da Vià, et al. "Real Life Analysis of the Rete Ematologica Lombarda on ELN Favorable Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Molecular Remission Is a Necessary Goal for a Good Outcome in All Different Cytogenetic/Molecular Subgroups." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3740.3740.
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Abstract Introduction: The European Leukemia Net (ELN) stratification classifies as favorable prognosis four different subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with specific cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities. These forms are potentially curable with standard chemotherapy, even though about 30% of patients (pts) still relapse. Overall survival (OS) of 60% at 5 years is reported but it is not clear if all different subgroups show an homogeneous outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess, in a real life setting, the response rate and the outcome of newly diagnosed AML patients with favorable prognosis based on ELN classification. Data were collected from six hematological centers of the regional network REL (Rete Ematologica Lombarda). Methods: Between 2007 and 2014 we analyzed adult AML patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1(group1), inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13q22)/CBFbeta-MIH11(group 2), normal karyotype and mutated NPM1 and negative FLT3-ITD (group 3) or double mutated CEBPA (CEBPA dm) (group 4). All patients received induction, mainly standard 3+7 chemotherapy (or reduced 1+5 in older pts) in 66% of cases, followed by high dose cytarabine based consolidation in 77% of pts. Clinical and molecular data were analyzed at diagnosis and at different time points during treatment and follow up with qualitative and quantitative PCR. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to estimate survival curves, and the log-rank test was adopted to evaluate differences between groups of pts. Results: We studied 177 AML pts (96 males and 81 females) with a median age of 55 years (range 20-80): 27 of group 1, 35 of group 2, 98 of group 3 and 17 of group 4. Complete hematological response (CHR), assessed in 176 pts, was achieved in 161 pts (92%): 23(85%), 32(91%), 90(93%), 16(94%) respectively in group 1, 2, 3, 4 without significant difference (p=0.26). Molecular complete remission (mCR), evaluated in 152 pts out of 161 in CHR, was documented in 102 pts. Forty pts entered mCR after induction and 62 pts at the end of consolidation or later (1-40 months); therefore, mCR rate was 67%. Considering the type of the method, 48 pts resulted in mCR with qualitative PCR, the remaining 54 (53%) with qualitatitive and quantitative PCR. Median time to mCR was 4 months and was different among groups (p=0.03); in particular, t(8;21) pts obtained mCR later than NPM1 pts (8 versus 2.6 months) (p=0.01). The relapse rate was 41% and the median time to relapse was 10.2 months, without any difference among groups (respectively p=0.5 and p=0.8). Five years overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were 65% and 47% with no significant difference among groups (respectively p=0.3 and p=0.9). Age (<60 years) was the only parameter that affected OS (80% versus 41%, p<0.001) and DFS (56% versus 33%, p=0.038). In a time-dependent analysis there is a significant association between mCR and DFS, therefore, if mCR was reached the risk of relapse decreased of 60% (p<0.001). Moreover, if qualitative mCR was confirmed by quantitative analysis, 5 years-DFS was much higher (78%). Conclusion: This study, conducted in a non selected population of favorable risk AML patients, confirms high CR rate and the prognostic value of age, favoring patients younger than 60 years. Our data confirm that the ELN classification identifies a clinically homogeneous group of good risk AML patients sharing comparable outcome even outside clinical trials setting. Molecular complete remission is associated with better outcome, in particular when assessed by quantitative PCR. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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., Muslim. "THE COMMUNICATION PATTERN IN THE COOPERATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTV TELEVISION STATION AND KOMANDO PRODUCTION HOUSE AT PESBUKERS PROGRAM." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i1.2341.
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The purpose of this research is to know the communication pattern in the cooperation relationship between ANTV television station and KOmando production house at Pesbukers program and to know the production process done by cooperation between ANTV television station with KOmando production house (pra-production, production, until post-production) on the Pesbukers program, as well as to find out what problems will occur in the cooperation relationship between ANTV television station and KOmando production house on Pesbukers program. This research uses a qualitative research approach, because this research requires field observation and also researchers conducted interviews with the sources related to this research to obtain valid data. This research uses relationship theory, known by the name Palo Alto Group according to Stephen W. Littejohn [4]. ANTV joined with KOmando production so that cooperate and form a relationship as "Group" or group in Pesbukers program, that is a number of people exist between relations each other and the interconnection is a structure. Sources of data used in this study consist of primary and secondary. Primary data include conducting in-depth interviews on Key Informants, such as Producer in ANTV at Pesbukers and Informant program, such as Producer at KOmando Production, and Screenwriter at KOmando Production on Pesbukers program. While secondary data include documents related to the program event as well as various libraries or expert opinions sourced from books or from links. In the triangulation stage of the data held interviews with observers, he has the experience of being a Dubber, Screenwriter, and Director in a Production House.
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Aparicio, Jorge, Pablo Maroto, Xavier García del Muro, Josep Gumà, Alfonso Sánchez-Muñoz, Mireia Margelí, Montserrat Doménech, et al. "Risk-Adapted Treatment in Clinical Stage I Testicular Seminoma: The Third Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 35 (December 10, 2011): 4677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.36.0503.
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Purpose To confirm the efficacy of a risk-adapted treatment approach for patients with clinical stage I seminoma. The aim was to reduce both the risk of relapse and the proportion of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy while maintaining a high cure rate. Patients and Methods From 2004 to 2008, 227 patients were included after orchiectomy in a multicenter study. Eighty-four patients (37%) presented no local risk factors, 44 patients (19%) had tumors larger than 4 cm, 25 patients (11%) had rete testis involvement, and 74 patients (33%) had both criteria. Only the latter group received two courses of adjuvant carboplatin, whereas the rest were managed by surveillance. Results After a median follow-up time of 34 months, 16 relapses (7%) have been documented (15 [9.8%] among patients on surveillance and one [1.4%] among those treated with carboplatin). All relapses occurred in retroperitoneal lymph nodes, except for one case in pelvic nodes. Median node size was 25 mm, and median time to recurrence was 14 months. All patients were rendered disease-free with chemotherapy. The actuarial 3-year disease-free survival rate was 88.1% (95% CI, 82.3% to 93.9%) for patients on surveillance and 98.0% (95% CI, 94.0% to 100%) for those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall 3-year survival was 100%. Conclusion With the limitations of the short follow-up duration, we confirm that a risk-adapted approach is effective for stage I seminoma. Adjuvant carboplatin seems adequate treatment for patients with 2 risk criteria, as is active surveillance for those with 0 to one risk factors. More reliable predictive factors are needed to improve the applicability of this model.
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Murrar, Sohad, and Markus Brauer. "Entertainment-education effectively reduces prejudice." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 7 (January 9, 2017): 1053–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216682350.
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We show that entertainment-education reduces prejudice and does so more effectively than several established prejudice reduction methods. In Experiment 1, participants exposed to an educational television sitcom with diverse, yet relatable Arab/Muslim characters had lower scores on implicit and explicit measures of prejudice than participants exposed to a control sitcom featuring an all White cast. The prejudice reduction effect persisted 4 weeks after exposure. In Experiment 2, viewing of a 4-minute music video that portrayed Arabs/Muslims as relatable and likable resulted in a larger reduction in prejudice against Arabs/Muslims than two established prejudice reduction methods ( imagined contact exercise and group malleability article), which produced no improvements. In both experiments, increased identification with target group members was associated with greater prejudice reduction. Entertainment-education, in addition to being scalable, is likely to be one the most effective methods for improving intergroup relations and promoting diversity.
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Hohepa, Maea, Robert Scragg, Grant Schofield, Gregory S. Kolt, and David Schaaf. "Associations Between After-School Physical Activity, Television Use, and Parental Strategies in a Sample of New Zealand Adolescents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, no. 3 (May 2009): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.3.299.
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Background:Youth display suboptimal levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Few studies have examined the existence of the “displacement hypothesis” or the effect of parental strategies on activity behaviors during the after-school period.Methods:A total of 3471 students (12–18 years old) completed a self-report survey that assessed after-school physical activity and television (TV) use and perceived parental strategies (ie, encouragement to be active, TV-viewing rules). Participants were grouped into 4 activity groups: high TV/low active, high TV/active, low TV/low active, or low TV/active. Descriptive statistics and nominal logistic-regression analyses were conducted.Results:Compared with students who watched less than 1 h of TV, participants who watched ≥4 h of TV were half as likely to be active after school (≥4 h; adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI .40–.65). Compared with the low TV/active group, the other activity groups were at least 1.28 times more likely to have parents that provided only 1 parental strategy (encouragement for activity or TV rules) and up to 4.7 times more likely to have parents that provided neither strategy.Discussion:Sedentary behaviors are associated with displacement of active pursuits. Parental strategies exert a strong influence on after-school behaviors of high school students.
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Widuhung, Selvy Maria. "Sinetron Remaja Indonesia ( Studi Kualitatif Persepsi Orang Tua Tentang Sinetron Remaja & Pubertas Dini Pada Anak SD)." Cakrawala - Jurnal Humaniora 19, no. 2 (September 6, 2019): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jc.v19i2.5674.
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Jurnal ini membahas mengenai persepsi orang tua terhadap tayangan sinetron remaja dan pubertas terhadap anak mereka yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah dasar. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat melalui aspek visual, narasi, dan nilai yang dilihat oleh para orang tua dari sinetron yang mereka saksikan. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode FGD dan desain Deskriptif Kualitatif sebagai strategi analisis data. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa orang tua menyadari akan sisi negatif dari sinetron terhadap anak-anak mereka dan dapat menyebabkan anak mengalami pubertas dini, namun mereka tak dapat melakukan apapun karena mereka sendiri telah "kecanduan" dalam menontonnya. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan pendapat beberapa pakar yang mengungkapkan suatu fakta baru bahwa anak yang tertempa tayangan yang tidak sesuai usianya, apalagi mengandung seksualitas (meskipun tidak secara vulgar) dapat menyebabkan kerusakan di lima bagian otaknya. Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Sinetron, Pubertas DiniThis paper focuses on the parent's perception on Indonesian television cinema and early puberty that can hit their children who are still in primary school. There are 4 points that we will know about their perception, such as visual, narration, value from the cinema that they have watched and early puberty of their children. The analysis data strategic of this research is using descriptive qualitative design with focused group discussion as the main method and deep interview to support it. The researcher finds that all parents who joined the discussion realize about the negative effects from television cinemas and that it also can cause early puberty to their children. But unfortunately, they couldn't do anything to avoid it, because the parents themselves have been addicted to watch it. This research is also completed by some expert's opinions that will show us the newest fact about the children who like to watch television cinemas and that it can cause the damage of their brain in 5 parts.Keywords: Perception, Television Cinema, Puberty
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JONES, CAROLINE H. D., TESSA M. POLLARD, CAROLYN D. SUMMERBELL, and HELEN BALL. "COULD PARENTAL RULES PLAY A ROLE IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT SLEEP AND OBESITY IN YOUNG CHILDREN?" Journal of Biosocial Science 46, no. 3 (June 11, 2013): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000291.
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SummaryShort sleep duration is associated with obesity in young children. This study develops the hypothesis that parental rules play a role in this association. Participants were 3-year-old children and their parents, recruited at nursery schools in socioeconomically deprived and non-deprived areas of a North-East England town. Parents were interviewed to assess their use of sleep, television-viewing and dietary rules, and given diaries to document their child's sleep for 4 days/5 nights. Children were measured for height, weight, waist circumference and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. One-hundred and eight families participated (84 with complete sleep data and 96 with complete body composition data). Parental rules were significantly associated together, were associated with longer night-time sleep and were more prevalent in the non-deprived-area compared with the deprived-area group. Television-viewing and dietary rules were associated with leaner body composition. Parental rules may in part confound the association between night-time sleep duration and obesity in young children, as rules cluster together across behavioural domains and are associated with both sleep duration and body composition. This hypothesis should be tested rigorously in large representative samples.
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Cendra, Romi. "PENGARUH MENONTON PERTANDINGAN SEPAKBOLA DI TELEVISI TERHADAP PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK DALAM BERMAIN SEPAKBOLA." Gelanggang Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um040v1i1p56-62.
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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of soccer matches on television to the social behavior of children in playing football. The research method used is ex post facto with causal-comparative research design that compares the heavy audience and light audiences. The sample in this research is SMAN 4 Garut Garut Regency West Java Province consists of 21 heavy viewers and 21 light viewers selected by purposive sampling. The results of data analysis can be concluded that the heavy audience ofsoccer games on television influence the social behavior of children in playing soccer with the significance value 0.019 <0.05 and seen from the average score score of social behavior group children heavy audience / often larger than the group of social behavior of children A light / sparse audience with a score of 146.52> 135.05. Thus there is a significant difference between the social behavior of the children with the heavy audienceand the light audiences in playing football.Keywords: Watching, social behavior. SoccerAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertandingan sepakbola ditelevisi terhadap perilaku sosial anak dalam bermain sepakbola. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah ex post facto dengan design penelitian causal-comparative yang membandingkan anak penonton berat dan penonton ringan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah SMAN 4 Garut Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat terdiri dari 21 orangpenonton berat dan 21 orang penonton ringan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penonton berat pertandingan sepak bola ditelevisi berpengaruh terhadap perilaku sosial anak dalam bermain sepakbola dengan nilai signifikansinya 0.019 < 0.05 dan dilihat dari nilai skor rata-rata kelompok perilakusosial anak penonton berat/sering lebih besar dari kelompok perilaku sosial anak penonton ringan/jarang dengan skor 146.52 > 135.05. Dengan demikian terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perilaku sosial anak penonton berat dengan anak penonton ringan dalam bermain sepakbola.Kata Kunci: menonton, perilaku social. Sepak bola
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Vollherbst, Dominik F., Ruth Otto, Andreas von Deimling, Johannes Pfaff, Christian Ulfert, Hans U. Kauczor, Martin Bendszus, Christof M. Sommer, and Markus A. Möhlenbruch. "Evaluation of a novel liquid embolic agent (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL)) in an animal endovascular embolization model." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, no. 3 (July 8, 2017): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013144.
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BackgroundThe choice of the embolic agent and the embolization technique can have a significant impact on the success of endovascular embolization.ObjectiveTo evaluate a novel iodinated copolymer-based liquid embolic agent (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL)) in the porcine rete mirabile (RM), serving as an endovascular embolization model. Onyx, as an established liquid embolic agent, served as comparator.Materials and methodsSixteen embolization procedures were performed using PHIL (n=8) or Onyx (n=8) as liquid embolic agent. Waiting time between injections was set to 30 or 60 s (n=4 per study group). Survival time after intervention was 2 hours or 7 days. Embolization characteristics (eg, procedure times, number of injections and volume of embolic agent) and embolization extent (percentage of embolized RM in post-interventional x-ray) were assessed. Post-interventional CT and histopathological analyses were performed.ResultsEmbolization characteristics and embolization extent were not significantly different for PHIL and Onyx, including subgroups (eg, embolization extent 44% vs 69% (medians); p=0.101). For PHIL, extension of the waiting time from 30 to 60 s led to a significantly higher embolization extent (24% vs 72% (medians); p=0.035). Moderate disintegration and mild inflammation of the embolized blood vessels were present for both embolic agents.ConclusionPHIL is feasible for transarterial embolization in an acute and subacute endovascular embolization model. In this preliminary experimental in vivo study, embolization characteristics, embolization extent, and biocompatibility seem to be similar to those of Onyx.
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Papandreou, Dimitrios, Pavlos Malindretos, and Israel Rousso. "Risk factors for childhood obesity in a Greek paediatric population." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 10 (January 15, 2010): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009993156.
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AbstractObjectiveObesity in children is a serious public health issue in Greece. The purpose of the current study was to identify risk factors such as birth weight, breast-feeding, dietary patterns, family history of obesity and sedentary behaviours that are possibly associated with paediatric obesity.DesignTwo hundred and five overweight and obese children (OW/OB; group 1) aged 7–15 years from eight primary and secondary schools and a control group (group 2) of normal-weight children were matched for age and sex. Overweight and obesity were calculated based on the International Obesity Taskforce criteria. Lifestyle parameters as well as anthropometric data were collected in all children. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for obesity.ResultsBreast-feeding (≥3 months) and leisure-time physical activity proved to be protector factors against obesity (OR = 0·21, 95 % CI 0·11, 0·79, P < 0·001 and OR = 0·87, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·89, P < 0·001 respectively). On the other hand, family history of obesity (OR = 3·79, 95 % CI 2·61, 4·18, P < 0·001), sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (OR = 1·77, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·76, P < 0·001) and watching television (OR = 1·99, 95 % CI 1·54, 2·76, P = 0·04) were found to be positively associated with a higher obesity risk.ConclusionsThe current findings support the literature according to which duration of breast-feeding (<3 months), a family history of obesity, watching television, sedentary lifestyle and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are important risk factors for childhood obesity. More studies are needed to elucidate the relationship of paediatric obesity and possible predictor factors in order to avoid health consequences in these children later on in life.
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Fracchiolla, Nicola Stefano, Elisabetta Todisco, Andrea Bilancia, Sara Gandolfi, Valentina Mancini, Laura Marbello, Massimo Bernardi, et al. "Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) Implantation in the Clinical Management of Oncohematologic Patients: Results of a Large Multicenter, Retrospective Study of the REL Group (Rete Ematologica Lombarda - Lombardy Hematologic Network, Italy)." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 5611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5611.5611.
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Abstract Background: PICCs are vascular devices inserted from a peripheral vein of the upper third of the arm under ultrasound guide, and provide a central venous access (CVA) with an intermediate duration between short term central venous catheters (CVCs), such as jugular or subclavian CVCs, and long term ones (port-a-caths). PICC insertion is ease and safe with no pneumothorax or hemothorax risk. Their extremity reaches a central vein, and can be used for cytostatic drugs, hyperosmolar solutions, and antibiotics infusion. Furthermore, patients (pts) at high risk of hemorrhage for thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy are eligible for PICC insertion. Nevertheless, some concern exists about the risk of infectious and thrombotic complications associated with PICC use in immunocompromised cancer pts characterized by a prothrombotic state. In particular, few clinical data from large oncohematologic pts series are available on PICCs' implants and their complications. Aims: To analyze the results of a large multicenter, retrospective study of the REL group (Rete Ematologica Lombarda-Lombardy Hematologic Network, Italy) aimed at clinically characterizing PICC use in oncohematologic patients management. Methods: Four REL Hematology Centers participate to the study. The clinical data of 453 implanted PICCs from January 2010 to June 2015, were retrospectively collected, for a total of 44,577 catheter days. Pts median age was 61 yrs (range 10-88). Patients' diagnoses were 197 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 10 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 105 acute myeloid leukemia, 45 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 33 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 39 multiple myeloma, 12 myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome, 6 miscellaneous. All pts received intravenous chemotherapy, long term anti infectious drugs (antibiotics and antifungals), and hypertonic solutions. PICCs were inserted by ultrasound-guided puncture of a peripheral vein of the arm, by microintroducer technique, under strict asepsis. Chest X-ray was performed to verify correct tip location (ideally in the proximity of cavo-atrial junction). Data on PICCs' lumen number are available in 423 cases: 292 (69%) were single-lumen and 131 were double-lumen (31%). Results: Median PICC life-span was 90 days (range 1-760, Kaplan-Meier method). No major insertion-related complications were observed. Late complications occurred in 172/453 PICCs (38%, 3.8/1000 catheter days): 93 infectious (20%, 2/1000 catheter days), 38 thrombotic (8%, 0.8/1000 catheter days), 37 mechanical (8%, 0.8/1000 catheter days), 5 (1%, 0.1/1000 catheter days) miscellaneous complications (patient intolerance, local pain and hematoma). Among infectious complications, we reported 24 cases (5%, 0.5/1000 catheter days) of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and 69 (15%, 1.5/1000 catheter days) catheter-related bloodstream infections. Mechanical complications consisted of 3 (1%) catheter dislocations, 19 accidental removals (4%), 16 (3%) lumen occlusions and 3 (1%) breakages of the external section of PICC. In 376/453 (83%) cases PICC was removed due to end of intravenous therapy in 160 patients (35%), death in 98 (22%) and to various complications in 118 (26%) cases. Specifically, FUO lead to PICC removal in 10 (2%), infection in 40 (9%), venous thrombosis in 25 (5%) cases, catheter dislocation or accidental removal in 22 (5%), lumen occlusion in 13 (3%), breakage of the external section of PICC in 2 (0,5%), other mechanical complication in 4 (1%), local pain and miscellaneous 2 (0,5%) each. In the case of a complication occured, the incidence of PICC removal was 68% (118/172): FUO/infections represented the removal cause in 50/172 (29%), mechanical complications in 40/172 (23%), thrombosis in 25/172 (14%) cases. Conclusions: Traditional CVCs are associated with significant complications, reported at varying frequencies in highly heterogeneous oncohematologic pts series: infections are reported from 4.6 to 23% and thromboses from 1.2 to 30.2% of the cases. We have clinically characterized a large series of PICCs in oncohematologic patients. Our data suggest that their implant, as an alternative to traditional CVCs, is a safe and effective way to provide oncohematologic patients at high risk of hemorrhagic and infective complications with a CVA. PICCs compare favorably with traditional CVCs reported complications, and facilitate the proper management of complex and prolonged therapeutic programs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Da Rosa, Bruna Nichele, Tássia Silveira Furlanetto, Matias Noll, Juliana Adami Sedrez, Emanuelle Francine Detogni Schmit, and Cláudia Tarragô Candotti. "4-year Longitudinal Study of the Assessment of Body Posture, Back Pain, Postural and Life Habits of Schoolchildren." Motricidade 13, no. 4 (January 27, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.9343.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of postural variables and the associated factors, like back pain and life habits, in schoolchildren during a period of four years. Forty-two school children underwent a postural assessment using Digital Image-Based Postural Assessment software. They also answered the self-administered questionnaire titled, “Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument” to evaluate their back pain and life habits. We observed a significant trend of forward head, thoracic hyper kyphosis, and lumbar hyper lordosis in the entire group, as well as a trend of cervical rectification in girls. Both boys and girls presented a constant frequency in back pain, but girls presented higher prevalence along the years. We found a high prevalence of poor sitting posture in male (between 72.2-89.5%) and female (between 73.3-100%). We also found that girls had poor posture due to the way they carried their school supplies. However, occurred a decrease of time spent in front of television for male (from 87% to 10.5%) and female (from 93.3% to 0%). Significant changes occurred in analysed variables over evaluation period.
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Roemmich, James N., Christina L. Lobarinas, Jacob E. Barkley, Tressa M. White, Rocco Paluch, and Leonard H. Epstein. "Use of an Open-Loop System to Increase Physical Activity." Pediatric Exercise Science 24, no. 3 (August 2012): 384–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.3.384.
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of an open-loop system that reinforces physical activity with TV watching to increase children’s physical activity. Nonoverweight, sedentary boys and girls (8–12 y) were randomized to a group that received feedback of activity counts + reinforcement for physical activity by providing access to television (F+R, n = 20); or to feedback, no reinforcement (Feedback, n = 20) or no feedback, no reinforcement control (Control, n = 21) groups. Children wore an accelerometer with a count display for 4-months with a 1-year follow-up. F+R reduced TV by 68 min/day and TV time was lower than the Feedback (p < .005) and Control (p < .002) groups. TV time of F+R remained 31 min lower (p < .02) than baseline at 1-year. F+R had a 44% increase in physical activity, which was greater than the feedback (p < .04) and control (p < .01) groups. An open-loop system decreases TV viewing and increases physical activity of children for 4-months. TV of the F+R group remained lower at 12 months, suggesting a reduction in screen-time habits.
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Volkova, Irina, Leila Algavi, Shuanat Kadyrova, and Natalya Rastorgueva. "Let Them Talk as “Encyclopedia of Russian Life”: Latent «Accursed Questions» on Russian Television (2017)." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001199.
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International Research Group KVAR performs the first of studies about media influence on the transformation of sociocultural matrix, within which a deep society regulation takes place. For citizens of the Russian Federation, TV is a main source of information about events. Whereas for sociologists and philologists federal channels are unique basic institutions that provide: reproduction of socially significant patterns of citizen’s thoughts and behavior; integration of society on the basis of common values. TV Shows on central channels are constantly reaching the top of media credibility rating: 3/4 of Russians (75%) trust them. They help to create circulation of meanings TV proposes the values, audience reproduces and modifies them. Thus, we have chosen a Russian TV show “Pust’ Govoryat”(Let Them Talk) that presents all the things “that interest everyone” by» exploring intimate issues of a particular person, a family”. Authors of this work seek to find out what “interests everyone” in the Russian society. This article includes first results of the research. Latent Theme Identification analysis of transcripts from every episode of the show for 2017 has led to a conclusion that the Russians see a family as a system-forming value concept, words like “child”, “children” were used mostly in “Let Them Talk” in 2017. Furthermore, our analysis has established a value paradox: “child”, while being an important part of narrative, plays out the role of “McGuffin” (A. Hitchcock)
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Wang, Junjun, Benxiao Wang, Yongliang Tang, and Hui Yan. "Diagnosis of Early Neurological Deterioration after Intravenous Thrombolysis for Patients with Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Using Compressed Sensing-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Algorithm." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2529936.
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This study was to explore the risk factors and prognosis of early neurological deterioration (END) after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) with the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under the compressed sensing-MRI (CSMRI) algorithm. 187 patients with CIS in the hospital were selected and grouped into a deterioration group and a control group according to whether they had END. The CSMRI algorithm was constructed and compared with digital television (DTV) algorithm and Bayesian compressed sensing (BCS) algorithm. It was found that the reconstruction time of CSMRI algorithm in platform I (1134.9 s) and platform II (2615.8 s) was visibly lower than that of DTV algorithm (2634.6 s, 3963.4 s) and BCS algorithm (5631.5 s, 7412.3 s), showing statistically obvious differences ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, the reconstruction efficiency of the CSMRI algorithm was the best. After 4 hours of intravenous thrombolysis, the stroke scale score (12.3 scores) of the deterioration group was much higher than that of the control group (8.4 scores) ( P < 0.05 ). The occlusion of responsible great vessel in the deterioration group (30 cases, 83.33%) was obviously higher in contrast to that in the control group (74 cases, 49%) ( P < 0.05 ). Stroke scale score and occlusion of responsible great vessel were risk factors for EBD after intravenous thrombolysis.
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Olaru, Claudia, Smaranda Diaconescu, Laura Trandafir, Nicoleta Gimiga, Gabriela Stefanescu, Gabriela Ciubotariu, and Marin Burlea. "Some Risk Factors of Chronic Functional Constipation Identified in a Pediatric Population Sample from Romania." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3989721.
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We conducted an observational study over a 1-year period, including 234 children aged 4–18 years and their caregivers and a matching control group. 60.73% of the children from the study group were males. Average age for the onset of constipation was 26.39 months. The frequency of defecation was 1/4.59 days (1/1.13 days in the control group). 38.49% of the patients in the sample group had a positive family history of functional constipation. The majority of children with functional constipation come from single-parent families, are raised by relatives, or come from orphanages. Constipated subjects had their last meal of the day at later hours and consumed fast foods more frequently than the children in the control sample. We found a statistically significant difference between groups regarding obesity/overweight and constipation (χ2=104.94, df=2, p<0.001) and regarding physical activity and constipation (χ2=18.419; df=3; p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the number of hours spent watching television/using the computer and the occurrence of the disease (F= 92.162,p<0.001, and 95% Cl). Children from broken families, with positive family history, defective dietary habits, obesity and sedentary behavior, are at higher risk to develop chronic functional constipation.
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Bolger, Michael. "Meeting the Doctors." AVMA Medical & Legal Journal 3, no. 5 (September 1997): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135626229700300505.
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Michael Bolger is an AVMA Director and local contact. As a result of medical negligence, he is paraplegic and confined to a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He won substantial damages in the High Court after suing the Health Authority and senior consultant concerned. Michael has written several articles and has been interviewed on radio and television about his experience as a victim of medical negligence and as a plaintiff and has views on the need for change. In this article, Michael describes the seminar at which he was the lead speaker at the AVMA Medical Negligence Conference, held on 4–5th July 1997, where he discussed the impact of medical negligence on victims and doctors with a group of senior hospital doctors and consultants, the first time that a face-to-face discussion of this kind has taken place.
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Pelizzari, Anna Maria, Paola Tozzi, Francesca Bocchio, Maurizio Bonfichi, Silvia Artuso, Nicola Fracchiolla, Valentino Conti, et al. "Lower Leukocytosis with Biosimilar Compared with Originator G-CSF during Autologous Stem Cell Mobilization after Chemotherapy in Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Patients. a Pharmacovigilance Study of “Rete Ematologica Lombarda” (FARMA-REL)." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5836.5836.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Based on therapeutic equivalence extrapolated from originator, the use of biosimilar Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the context of stem cell harvest was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), however “ad hoc” studies are limited. AIMS: To assess the efficacy and safety profile of biosimilar compared with originator G-CSF on PBSC autologous mobilization in association with chemotherapy (CT) in lymphoma (LY) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts) treated in the Hematology Units of “Rete Ematologica Lombarda” (REL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data retrospectively collected from consecutive pts with Hodgkin disease (HD), non-Hodgkin LY (NHL) and MM undergoing PBSC harvest after CT with biosimilar filgrastim between July 2012 and December 2013 (LY) or June 2014 (MM), were compared with a historical control group treated with originator G-CSF. Biosimilar G-CSF was used at doses ranging from 5 (MM and lymphoma HIV-negative) to 10 mcg/kg/d (lymphoma HIV-positive) subcutaneously, starting from the day after the end of CT until the end of leukapheresis. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality of data: p-values were derived from chi-square test for categorical data and from Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous data. RESULTS: One hundred-five leukapheresis from 96 consecutive pts including 3 HD, 51 NHL (46 HIV-negative and 5 HIV-positive) and 42 MM cases were analyzed. Median age was 53 yrs (19-65) among LY and 63 (43-72) among MM pts. Thirty-two/54 (59 %) and 19/42 (45 %) cases were male, respectively. Mobilization was planned as part of first line CT in 65% of LY pts; only one case was mobilized during 3rd line CT. Forty-five LY cases (47 %) had been previously treated with alkylating drugs (47 %), three (3 %) with fludarabine-containing regimens. All MM pts mobilized after first line CT. Mobilization started a median of 13 (range 10-21) and 10 (range 10-18) days after CT for LY and MM, respectively; it was completed in a median of one procedure (range: LY 1-4, MM 1-3). Median number of CD34+ cells collected was: 9,1 (range 3,0-47) and 7,8 (range 4,1-12,9) x 106/Kg/pt in LY and MM pts, respectively. Planned end-point was reached in all MM cases and all but 2 LY cases (3 %). Biosimilar G-CSF use was well tolerated in both LY and MM pts: mild bone pain (WHO grade 1-2) was frequently reported (LY: 16/54, 23 %; MM: 16/42, 38 %); two LY pts needed treatment with acetaminophen for headache (1) and bone pain (1), both WHO grade 3. Data were compared with a historical control group of 58 LY pts (HD 10, NHL 45, NHL-HIV 3) and 32 MM pts mobilized with originator G-CSF (filgrastim or lenograstim)(Table): while MM cohorts are similar, LY cohorts differed for a higher frequency of mobilization with high-dose cyclophosphamide (2/54, 4 % vs. 14/58, 24 %, p<0.001) and a slight prevalence of HD cases (3/54, 5 % vs. 10/58, 17%, p= 0.053) only. Median number of procedures, CD34+ count peak and CD34+ collected were similar in both groups; however a difference in median WBC count peak during leukapheresis was documented in both cohort, statistically significant in LY, even if treated without cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSION. We confirm efficacy and safety of biosimilar filgrastim for autologous PBSC mobilization in LY and MM pts. Noteworthy, biosimilar seems to be more selective on CD34+ cells compared with originator G-CSF, inducing efficient CD34+ cells mobilization with lower leukocytosis. This result, confirmed in both LY and MM populations, needs to be proved in larger studies and can play a major role in the setting of voluntary donors. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Husna, Hikmatul. "Implementasi Pengembangan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf Selama Masa Belajar di Rumah Pada Anak Kelompok A2 Tk ABA Jogokaryan." Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v1i1.8.
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This study describes the implementation of language learning in children aged 4-5 years in TK ABA JOGOKARYAN while studying at home. The assessed research was to describe the implementation of letter recognition in children aged 4-5 years at TK ABA Jogokaryan. This research is a qualitative approach and descriptive research type. The subjects of this study were the principal, class A teachers, parents of class A students, and grade A children. The object of this study was the implementation of letter recognition in children aged 4-5 years at TK ABA JOGOKARYAN in class A2 while studying at home. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The validity of the research data was re-tested using source triangulation and method triangulation. The results of this study indicate: 1) Planning begins with making daily lesson plans, then sent to parents via Whatsapp group or give to parents directly when they come to school. 2) The implementation of letter recognition is played by parents by accompanying and documenting the learning activity process. 3) Evaluation is carried out through documentation reported by parents on the Whatsapp group. 4) Supporting factors include guidance from parents in letter recognition while children are studying at home, online media, which is used as a communication tool for teachers and parents, and special programs on television that help children's learning while at home. At the same time, the inhibiting factors are some families who do not make it a habit knowing letters, parents' busyness, mood swings, and a lack of enthusiasm for learning.
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Hossain, Mosharaf, and Kulanthayan K. C. Mani. "Effectiveness of mobile short message service intervention to increase parental socio-demographic knowledge of drowning prevention in Bangladesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203362.
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Background: Drowning is the third leading cause of death for children aged 0–4 years in many Asian countries, and is a serious but neglected health problem in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, drowning rates are 10 to 20 times more than those in other developed countries. The aim of this study is the efficiency of mobile SMS intervention for increasing parental socio-demographic knowledge of drowning prevention in Bangladesh.Methods: A cluster randomized community trial with 788 parents of children aged under five in a rural community of Bangladesh. The intervention was the mobile short message service (SMS) for parents of children under five years concerning the prevention of drowning. The main outcome of this study was the differences in knowledge of parents with socio-demographic factors concerning the prevention of drowning between the baseline and immediate follow-up after the intervention, and after three months.Results: There was a significant improvement in knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group at different time points. There is a significant association with parental age, education, gender, and income and to improve childhood drowning prevention knowledge of parents to compare control group of parents.Conclusions: Special programmes and training could be increase knowledge about childhood drowning prevention in Bangladesh and should be broadcast on the radio and television networks.
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Battista, Jackie, Claudio R. Nigg, Jo Ann Chang, Marisa Yamashita, and Richard Chung. "Elementary After School Programs." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i4.1785.
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Objective: To present project design and baseline characteristics of a project promoting life-long physical activity (PA) in an elementary after-school program. Methods: The project incorporates a two group design with delayed treatment control. PA and context observations and surveys (n=533; grades 4-6; attitude, enjoyment, intention, subjective norm, confidence, PA behavior, and fruit and vegetable consumption) were conducted. Results: Students spend almost 90 minutes standing, sitting and lying down and less than 17 minutes in moderate and vigorous PA during the after-school program. Students were strenuously active 3.89 days per week, moderately active 3.12 days per week, and mildly active 3.06 days per week, and watched television or played video games for 3.71 hours per day during leisure time. Attitudes, enjoyment, intention, and subjective norms differentiated students in different stages of PA. Discussion: There is an opportunity for PA promotion during after school, and stage specific interventions are indicated to facilitate PA.
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Musambira, George W., and Nicole E. Jackson. "A Preliminary Analysis of Tyler Perry’s ‘House of Payne’ and ‘Meet the Browns’: Effect on the Black Identity, African Americans’ Frequency of Exposure, Perception of Accuracy and Affective Evaluation." Journal of Creative Communications 13, no. 3 (October 21, 2018): 212–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258618803465.
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A survey method was applied to a sample of 145 self-identified African American members of four predominantly African American churches to assess the influence of Tyler Perry’s House of Payne and Meet the Browns television shows on their racial identity and how they perceived and evaluated the shows. Results indicate that (1) particular socioeconomic factors, more specifically education attainment, may negatively influence exposure to House of Payne and Meet the Browns, 2) religiosity may account for viewers’ exposure more to House of Payne than to Meet the Browns, 3) House of Payne may have a more significant influence on viewers” black identity than Meet the Browns, 4) Frequency of exposure, income, and education may predict affective evaluation and perceived accuracy of both House of Payne and Meet the Browns, and 5) House of Payne may be considered a more accurate and positive reflection of the black group experience than Meet the Browns.
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Adie, U. B., N. A. Ayi, and J. E. Eya. "Factors affecting mass media methods of extension delivery system in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 18, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v18i1.8.
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The study examined the factors affecting mass media methods of extension delivery system in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specially, the objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, access the teaching aids available for mass media method of extension delivery, identify the extension teaching methods exposed to farmers thanmass media and to identify factors affecting mass media method of extension service delivery in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 110 respondents from five (5) council wards. Data was obtained from the farmers using a set of structured and validated questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and likert scale analysis. Majority (58.18%) of the farmers were male, above 50 years (44.55%), married (56.36%) and with a family size of 1-4 (43.64%).Majority (76.3%) are Christians and had obtained their First School Leaving Certificate (54.55%). The result also revealed that the individual methods, group discussions, brainstorming, lecture methods, result demonstration, method demonstration, field trip, panel discussion, seminars and workshops (representing 70%, 53.6%, 70%, 73.6%, 71.8%, 60.9%, 59.1%, 60.9%, 70% and 62.7% respectively) were the extension methods exposed to farmers in the study area. Inability to access timely up-to-date information, unavailability of broadcast facility, lack of feedback, language barriers, time barriers and difficulty in accessing information (mean values being 3.72, 3.68, 3.57, 3.55, 3.54 and 3.51 respectively) were the major factors affecting mass media methods of extension delivery system in the study area. The decision rule (chi square),revealed that four mass media, namely radio (52.510), television (52.510), print media (newspaper) (44.546) and internet (14.546) were highly accessible by the farmers but radio (52.510) and television (52.510) were more highly accessible in the study area while billboards (0.290), magazines (0.582), pamphlets (2.328) and bulletins (1.310) were not accessible by the farmers. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: Agricultural Extension Services, including the Ministry of Agriculture in the state should strengthen the use of radio and television in information dissemination to farmers in the study area.
Keywords: Mass media, Extension ,Service delivery, Dissemination, Broadcast, Agriculture
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Ray, Carola, Karen Campbell, and Kylie D. Hesketh. "Key Messages in an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Are They Recalled and Do They Impact Children’s Behaviour?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091550.
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Knowledge of the impact of health messages as an intervention strategy is sparse. The aim of this study was to explore recall and use of health behaviour messages among mothers, and whether recall is associated with child health behaviours. Intervention group data from the 15 months Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) were used (n = 127, children 4 months at commencement). Mothers recalled (unprompted then prompted) at 2 and 3.5 years post-intervention six key messages used in the program, and reported whether they had used them. Children’s food intake was measured by three days of 24-h recall; physical activity by accelerometers; and television viewing by parent report. Unprompted recall ranged between 1–56% across messages and follow-up points, and 37–90% for prompted recall. The most commonly recalled messages “tap into water”, “parents provide, kids decide” and “color every meal with fruit and veg” were also most commonly used. There were few associations between recall and children’s health behaviours. Given the association between recall and reported use, it is important to plan messages so they resonate well with the target group and its needs. Messages should be used as one of multiple strategies within health promotion programs.
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Janota, Barbara, Elżbieta Szczepańska, and Karolina Janion. "Young people's lifestyle and frequency of physical activity – an original study." Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences 66, no. 4 (February 1, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.681.
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Abstract Introduction A healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating, frequent physical activity, abstention from recreational substances, appropriate amounts of sleep and restricted amounts of television and computer time have a positive impact on the development and health of adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess selected aspects of adolescent lifestyle with a focus on rates of physical activity. Materials and methods The study material included a questionnaire completed by 304 secondary school students. The answers were analysed with respect to the physical activity of the respondents and then grouped accordingly: group 1 consisted of respondents with a low rate of physical activity, group 2 with a moderate rate of physical activity and group 3 with a high rate of physical activity. Differences in the the percentages of healthy behaviour the groups engaged in was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on ranks test. Post hoc, a 2-way test with Bonferroni correction was performed. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results The recommended number of 4–5 meals a day is consumed mostly by individuals from group 2 (52.94%) and to the least extent by those in group 1 (47.17%). The recommended daily consumption of fruit is mostly reported by respondents from group 3 (39.34%) and the least, by those from group 1 (26.42%). Subjects from group 2 are least likely to drink alcohol, which is harmful for one's health (26.47%); this group also includes the largest number of individuals who do not smoke cigarettes (69.12%). The most favorable behaviour with regards to sleep is displayed by subjects from group 3, in which 10.38% of participants slept for the recommended 8–10 h a day. Conclusions The majority of adolescents, regardless of the frequency of physical activity they undertook, had an unhealthy lifestyle. The most favourable lifestyle was led by subjects who performed physical activity between once a week and a few times a month.
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Bock, Naomi N., Mark J. Sotir, Patricia L. Parrott, and Henry M. Blumberg. "Nosocomial Tuberculosis Exposure in an Outpatient Setting Evaluation of Patients Exposed to Healthcare Providers With Tuberculosis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 6 (June 1999): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501644.
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Objective:To evaluate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission to patients potentially exposed to two healthcare providers who worked in outpatient settings for several weeks prior to being diagnosed with acid-fast bacilli smear-positive pulmonary TB.Design:Potentially exposed patients were notified by letter and television reports of the recommended evaluation for TB infection or disease and availability of free screening at the hospital. Prevalence of infection in the screened patients and the incidence rate of TB over the subsequent 2 years were compared to those of a control group of unexposed outpatients.Setting:An urban inner-city hospital.Patients:1,905 patients with potential exposure to the ill healthcare workers; 487 (25%) presented for evaluation. Controls consisted of 951 unexposed patients.Results:361 potentially exposed patients had their tuberculin test read; 97 (27%) had a purified protein derivative ≥10 mm. In the comparison group, 148 (25%) of 600 with test readings had a ≥10-mm reaction (risk ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.60). In multivariate analysis, male gender, non-white race, and older age were significantly associated with a positive tuberculin test; exposure was not. No TB cases were identified during screening. Two years after the exposure, 7 TB cases had been reported to the state registry among 1,905 potentially exposed patients (184 cases/100,000 person-years) versus 4 cases in the comparison group of 951 (210 cases/100,000 person-years).Conclusions:Evaluation of patients exposed to health-care workers with TB disease in ambulatory settings of an inner-city hospital revealed no evidence of transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisdue to the exposure.
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Mulik, Pratibha U., and Sudam R. Suryawanshi. "An epidemiological study of the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) group in an urban slum." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211774.
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Background: After comparing data of NFHS-3 and 4, prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of an urban population almost doubled in 10 yr. So, the causes of increasing prevalence need to be studied as public health concern. Objective of the study is to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive age group (15-49 years) of women in an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods: Total 220 women were selected among 11 sectors from A to K by simple random method and data collected by using validated questionnaire. WHO’s classification was used to classify as overweight and obese.Results: Out of 220 women participated in study, 14 (6.36%) were obese, 75 (34.09%) were overweight according to BMI and 17 (7.7%) were found to be obese according to waist to hip ratio. From the present study it was seen that age group of the women, socio economic class, education, history of hypothyroidism, family history of obesity, types of work women do, hours of television watching, calorie and fat intake, had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas physical exercise they used to do and tendency to sleep in the afternoon and hours of sleep in the night had non-significant relationship with BMI.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is found to be a growing public health problem and can be preventable. Interventional measures include developing healthy eating habits, regular moderate physical exercise, sleeping habits, health camps for screening of overweight and obesity.
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Allen, A. J., D. I. I. Wright, C. N. McCollum, and J. E. Tooke. "Impaired Postural Vasoconstriction: A Contributory Cause of Oedema in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835558800300306.
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Dependent oedema is a common feature in patients suffering from venous insufficiency. Postural vasoconstriction which prevents oedema has been shown to be impaired in several conditions complicated by dependent oedema. We therefore investigated the postural vasoconstrictor response, foot swelling rate and capillary density in eight patients with venous insufficiency and seven normal controls. Foot skin blood flow was measured on the pulp of the big toe using laser–Doppler flowmetry with the foot at heart level (H) and placed approximately 1 metre below the heart (D). Postural fall in flow was calculated as (H – D) × 100/H. Foot swelling rate was measured simultaneously using a strain gauge Plethysmograph. Postural vasoconstriction was impaired in venous insufficiency at 62 ± 12% compared to 88 ± 4% in controls ( P < 0.02). Capillary density in the forefoot was assessed using television microscopy and was significantly reduced in the venous insufficiency group at 26.83 ± 2.74 per mm2 compared to 36.96 ± 1.09 per mm2 ( P < 0.01). These findings suggest impaired postural vasoconstriction may contribute to the formation of oedema characteristic of venous insufficiency. The apparent reduction in capillary density may be implicated in the pathogenesis of venous ulceration to which such patients are prone.
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Farina, Lucia, Francesca Patriarca, Maddalena Mazzucchelli, Chiara Salvetti, Giulia Quaresmini, Marta Medeot, Daniele Vincenti, et al. "Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Versus B-Cell-Receptor Inhibitors in 17p Deletion and/or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of 'Real Life' Approaches to High Risk Patients, on Behalf of Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL) and Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Di Midollo Osseo (GITMO)." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4695.4695.
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Abstract Introduction: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent disease, but 17p deleted (del) and/or patients who experience early relapse or not responding to chemoimmunotherapy have a very poor outcome. In these patients an allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is indicated, whenever possible. B-cell receptor inhibitors (BCRi) have shown high efficacy with a low toxicity, making the choice of an alloSCT challenging even in high risk patients. The aim of the study is to highlight the outcome of different clinical approaches available in the era of the new drugs. Method: this is a multicenter retrospective analysis on 88 high risk patients treated in 8 Italian Centers. Inclusion criteria were: i) age ≤ 70 years; ii) responding to one of the EBMT (European Bone Marrow Transplantation) criteria for elegibility to alloSCT: relapse within one year after purine-analogues or two years after chemioimmunoterapy or autologous-SCT (ASCT); de novo or acquired 17p del; iii) alloSCT from 2001. Patients who received BCRi before alloSCT or ineligible to alloSCT due to comorbidities were excluded. Patients were assigned to alloSCT or BCRi based on physician and/or patient choice or unavailability of a donor. The analysis started from the transplant date or the start date of BCRi therapy. Results: 50 patients (M/F: 42/8) received an alloSCT, and 38 (M/F 30/8) were treated with BCRi (ibrutinib n=28, rituximab-idelalisib n=10). Median age was 55 (range, 34-68) in alloSCT and 60 years (42-69) in BCRi (p=0.06). Time from diagnosis to alloSCT or BCRi was 59,4 (range, 5-210) and 86,3 months (1-211) (p=0.15), respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) data were available in 34/50 (68%) alloSCT patients: 17p del was positive in 21 (62%) (de novo n=12, acquired n=8, unknown n=1). Elegibility criteria for alloSCT group were: early relapse n=11, refractory n= 7, ASCT relapse n=11, 17p del n=21 (of which 11 were also chemorefractory). FISH data were available in all BCRi patients: 17p del was positive in 26 (68%) (de novo n=8, acquired n=14, unknown n=4). Elegibility criteria for BCRi group were: early relapse n=2, refractory n= 9, ASCT relapse n=1, 17p del n=26 (of which 16 were also chemorefractory). AlloSCT group had more patients in early relapse or with a failed ASCT (p=0.03 and p=0.01). Heavy chain gene rearrangement was available in 26/50 (52%) alloSCT and 35/38 (92%) BCRi patients and was unmutated in 87% and 86%, respectively. The median number of previous therapy was 2 in both groups (alloSCT: range 1-7; BCRi: range 0-8, p=0.25). Reduced-intensity conditioning regimen was used in 48/50 alloSCT patients, and donor type was sibling in 19, matched unrelated in 26 and haploidentical in 5 cases. Disease status before alloSCT was complete remission (CR)=20, partial remission (PR)=17, stable/progressive disease (SD/PD)=13. The median follow-up was 33 months (1-134) and 14 months (3-32), respectively for alloSCT and BCRi group (p=0.0008). Two-year OS was 59% vs 79% in alloSCT and BCRi, respectively (p=0.32). The cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 30% in alloSCT and 23% in BCRi, with a non-relapse mortality of 20% after alloSCT. Median PFS was 18,6 months (range 1-134) and 12,6 (range 3-24,6) in alloSCT and BCRi, respectively. Two-year PFS was 54% in alloSCT and 77% in BCRi (p=0.19). The main cause of treatment failure was disease progression. In the BCRi group, 8 patients achieved CR at the last follow-up, 5 patients relapsed and died of progressive disease (2 with Richter's transformation), 1 patient died of second cancer. In the alloSCT group, 17 patients were alive and in CR, 11 CR patients died of transplant-related-mortality (6 graft-versus-host disease, 2 infections, 1 embolism, 2 second cancers), 19 patients died in SD/PD at the last follow-up. Conclusions: these retrospective data showed that so far no significant difference in the outcome of 17p del and/or refractory CLL patients have been observed after either alloSCT or BCR inhibitors. The significant different follow-up of the two groups implies some limits: i) BCR inhibitors still have to show long term responses; ii) alloSCT results may improve over the next future by a better selection of eligible patients and the improvement of the transplant procedures. Hopefully, the combination of the two strategies will increase the chance of cure of poor risk CLL patients. Disclosures Reda: Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Research Funding.
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Sharquie, Khalifa, and Raed I. Jabbar. "Classification and clinical evaluation of the types of angiokeratoma." Our Dermatology Online 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20212.5.
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Background: Angiokeratoma is a group of benign vascular telangiectasias in the superficial dermis associated with hyperkeratosis of the epidermis. There are different types of angiokeratoma and the color of the lesions—pink, red, dusky red, blue-red—depends on their age. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with different varieties of angiokeratoma were collected from April 2013 through March 2020 and classified according to well-defined types. Each patient gave their formal consent after the nature of the disease was explained to them. Full medical history taking and clinical examination were performed on all patients. Skin biopsies were taken from 12 cases and processed for histopathology with H&E stain. As for therapy, diathermy was used for the treatment of selected localized cases, especially those on the scrotum. Results: Twenty-four cases with different types of angiokeratoma were evaluated, 19 (79.16%) males and 5 (20.83%) females, with ages ranging from 13 to 25 years and a mean age of 19 years. The age of onset was most commonly around adolescence and early adulthood. The lesions were classified into the following: 11 (45.83%) cases of Fordyce, 5 (20.83%) cases solitary, 4 (16.66%) cases circumscriptum, 3 (12.5%) cases oral (on the tongue), and one (4.16%) corporis diffusum (Fabry disease). All patients displayed warty red, blue, or black papules, nodules, or plaques, with the exception of isolated angiokeratoma. Their histopathology revealed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, which could have been mild or marked acanthosis, as seen in the form of pseudoepithelial hyperplasia with marked elongation of rete ridges. As a dermal change, markedly dilated blood vessels occupied the papillary and reticular dermis. Diathermy was an effective mode of therapy in selected patients with satisfactory cosmetic and therapeutic results. Conclusion: All types of angiokeratoma were recognized but the most common were angiokeratoma of Fordyce, mainly affecting male genitalia, followed by solitary angiokeratoma, affecting mainly the limbs, and angiokeratoma circumscriptum linearly along the limbs. Oral angiokeratoma of the tongue appeared in three patients. All these types have a characteristic presentation that is easy to recognize: warty dusky-red lesions.
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Monserud, Maria. "SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS OF GENDER AND PHYSICAL HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.787.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Studies in developed countries indicate that social activities can make a difference in mental health in later life. Yet, research on potential benefits of social activities for older adults in developing countries, including Mexico, has been scarce. This study uses the two most recent waves (2012, 2015) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study to investigate the impact of social activities on depressive symptoms among older men (n = 4, 749) and women (n = 6,527), aged 50+, in Mexico. The results of Ordinary Least Squares regressions indicate that it is important to differentiate among specific social activities in later life. Particularly, not only group-based but also solitary social activities were predictive of better mental health. Moreover, the findings demonstrate several gender differences and similarities. Participation in clubs, communication with relatives and friends, physical exercise, and watching television were beneficial for mental health among men, whereas volunteering, playing games, and making crafts were associated with fewer depressive symptoms among women. At the same time, reading as well as doing household chores were related to better mental health among older Mexicans, regardless of gender. Furthermore, this study shows that self-reported health, functional limitations, chronic conditions, and frequent pain might shape the implications of social activities for depressive symptoms among older adults in Mexico. The insights from this study can be helpful for intervention programs that are being developed to promote benefits of group-based and solitary social activities for mental health among older men and women with different levels of physical health.