Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retention of heavy metals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Retention of heavy metals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Yong, Raymond N., Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Yuwaree Phadungchewit. "Selective sequential extraction analysis of heavy-metal retention in soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 834–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-074.

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The selective sequential extraction method of analysis is used in this study to determine the distribution of heavy metals in some clay soils, to assist in evaluation of the role of the various clay soil solids (clay minerals, organics, amorphous materials, and carbonates) in heavy-metal retention capability as a function of acidity of the leachate. The chemical speciation model MINTEQ (metal speciation equilibrium model for surface and groundwater) is used to calculate the probable percent distribution of different species of heavy metals present in the leachate used. The selective sequential extraction method is based on the fact that different forms of heavy metals that are retained in soil (e.g., as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bound with organic matter) can be extracted selectively by using appropriate reagents. The results show that heavy metals can be retained in the four clay soils studied by several soil phases or mechanisms such as exchangeable, carbonate, hydroxide, and organic phases. The retention of heavy metals in any phase depends on soil solution pH, soil constituents, and the type of heavy metal. At high soil solution pH values, retention of heavy metal by precipitation mechanisms prevails, whereas at low soil solution pH, retention by cation exchange mechanisms becomes dominant. The results from the selective sequential extraction analysis support the conclusion of the significance of soil buffer capacity with regard to heavy-metal retention. The capacity of the soils to retain high amounts of heavy metals as they receive increasing amounts of acid (i.e., as the pH is reduced) depends directly on the soil initial pH values and on their buffer capacities. Key words : selective sequential analysis, exchangeable cations, heavy metals, equilibrium models, oxides.
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Scherer, U., S. Fuchs, H. Behrendt, and T. Hillenbrand. "Emissions of heavy metals into river basins of Germany." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0696.

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The input of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) into the large river basins of Germany via various point and diffuse pathways were estimated for the period of 1985 through 2000. To quantify the emissions via point sources a nationwide survey on heavy metal data of municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial direct discharges was carried out. The input via diffuse pathways was calculated using an adapted version of the model MONERIS. This model accounts for the significant transport processes, and it includes a Geographical Information System (GIS) that provides digital maps as well as extensive statistical information. For a comparison of the calculated heavy metal emission with the measured heavy metal load at monitoring stations the losses of heavy metals due to retention processes within the river systems have to be considered. Therefore heavy metal retention was calculated according to the retention functions given by Vink and Behrendt. For the large river basins a good correspondence could be found between estimated and measured heavy metal loads in rivers. The total emission into the North Sea decreased for each metal during the period of 1985 to 2000. The reduction varies between 87% for Hg and 41% for Ni mainly caused by the decline via point sources. Today's emissions of heavy metals into river basins of Germany are dominated by the input via diffuse pathways. The most important diffuse emission pathways are “paved urban areas” and “erosion”.
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Rusanescu, Marin, Carmen Otilia Rusanescu, Gheorghe Voicu, and Mihaela Begea. "Applications of Bentonite to Soil Decontamination." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 7 (August 15, 2018): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.7.6397.

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A calcium bentonite from Orasu Nou deposit (Satu Mare Romania) was used as raw material. We have conducted laboratory experiments to determine the influence of bentonite on the degree of heavy metal retention. It has been observed that the rate of retention increases as the heavy metal concentration decreases. Experimental studies have been carried out on metal retention ( Zn) in bentonite. In this paper, we realized laboratory experiments for determining the influence of metal (Zn) on the growth and development of two types of plants (Pelargonium domesticum and Kalanchoe) and the effect of bentonite on the absorption of pollutants. These flowers were planted in unpolluted soil, in heavy metal polluted soil and in heavy metal polluted soil to which bentonite was added to observe the positive effect of bentonite. It has been noticed that the flowers planted in unpolluted soil and polluted with heavy metals to which bentonite has been added, the flowers have flourished, the leaves are still green and the plants whose soils have been polluted with heavy metals began to dry after 6 days, three weeks have yellowish leaves and flowers have dried. Experiments have demonstrated the essential role of bentonite for the removal of heavy metals polluted soil.
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Yong, Raymond N., and Yuwaree Phadungchewit. "pH influence on selectivity and retention of heavy metals in some clay soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-073.

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The problem of varying species of heavy metals existing as individual species or in combination with each other in simulated contaminant leachates (solutions) is studied in relation to selectivity and retention in four different kinds of soil. The influence of pH on the retention characteristics is also examined. The results obtained from the heavy metals single-species and composite-species adsorption tests indicate that in evaluating the attenuation potential of the soil substrate (i.e., contaminant attenuation), account needs to be given to the sensitivity of the soil – heavy metals contaminant system to the pH of the leachate and the competitive effect between the heavy metals present in the leachate. A change in the soil solution pH results in a corresponding change of the dominant retention mechanism of heavy metals in the soils. At high pH values, precipitation mechanisms (e.g., precipitating as hydroxides and (or) as carbonates) dominate. As pH decreases, precipitation becomes less important, and cation exchange becomes dominant. High amounts of heavy metals are retained in the soils if the soil buffer capacity remains high enough to resist a change in pH. The selectivity order of heavy-metal retention in soils depends on the pH of soil solution. At soil solution pH values above 4 or 5, when precipitation prevails, the selectivity order obtained is given as Pb > Cu > Zn ≥ Cd, as demonstrated for the illite, montmorillonite, and natural clay soils. At lower soil solution pH values, the selectivity order obtained is given as Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu, as can be seen in the case of kaolinite and montmorillonite. Key words : heavy metals, retention, selectivity, preferential adsorption, precipitation.
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Albu, Raluca Marinica, Ecaterina Avram, Iuliana Stoica, and Silvia Ioan. "Polysulfones with chelating groups for heavy metals retention." Polymer Composites 33, no. 4 (March 2, 2012): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.22174.

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Dubé, Jean-Sébastien, Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Thierry Winiarski. "Heavy metal transport in soil contaminated by residual light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-113.

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This paper presents an experimental study on mixed soil contamination, more specifically on heavy metal behaviour in soil contaminated by residual non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Remediation of mixed contaminated sites is a complex technical goal because of the presence of physically and chemically different contaminants and potential interactions between them. Commonly encountered contaminants in mixed contaminated soils include light and dense organic liquids (LNAPLs, DNAPLs) and heavy metals. This study investigated interactions between three residual LNAPLs and three heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb) in a carbonated soil. The objectives of the study were to (i) establish the presence of interactive processes in the behaviour of the contaminants, with a focus on the influence of residual LNAPL on heavy metal transport and retention; and (ii) determine the nature of these interactions. Results showed that the LNAPL having the highest residual saturation enhanced heavy metal mobility and decreased heavy metal retention by the soil. On the other hand, the geochemical distribution of heavy metals was not significantly modified by chemical interactions with the residual LNAPLs. Specific modifications of Pb and Cu geochemical distributions rather appeared to be the result of modifications of soil hydrodynamics by residual LNAPL.Key words: contaminated soil, mixed contamination, heavy metals, LNAPL, preferential flow, contaminant mobility.
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Quinn, Ruth, and Alejandro Dussaillant. "The impact of macropores on heavy metal retention in sustainable drainage systems." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.277.

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Abstract Numerous laboratory and field experiments have found that rain gardens exhibit excellent heavy metal retention (>88%). However, none examined the impact of macropore flow on this retention; this was established to be a key factor in heavy metal capture by previous landfill leachate experiments. Therefore, the aim of the experiments detailed in this paper was to investigate the effect of a single artificial macropore on heavy metal retention in a layered soil column (with a similar configuration to a rain garden). The findings of these experiments suggest that macropore flow does not impact the hydraulic performance or heavy metal retention of the columns with 99% of copper, lead and zinc captured. This indicates that macropores are not detrimental to heavy metal retention in rain garden systems with highly conductive soils; this was attributed to the high hydraulic conductivity of the media used and the depth of the system. However, in shallower systems, such as green roofs, the retention of heavy metals and other pollutants may be impacted by the existence of preferential flow, and more research into this area is needed.
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Shanshan, Jia, and Zhou Yanqing. "Ecological Compensation Method for Soil Polluted by Heavy Metals Based on Internet of Things." Earth Sciences Research Journal 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n2.87441.

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The traditional ecological compensation method for soil polluted by heavy metals is complicated and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and cannot meet the real life needs, so take the area where the soil is polluted by heavy metals as an example. Increasing soil retention in this area is the specific target for ecological compensation, and compensation for polluted areas is based on the internet of things. The willingness of users to participate in the land heavy metal pollution control project was studied, and the pollution degree was calculated. Through radio frequency identification information sensing equipment, the soil heavy metal pollution area was connected with the Internet according to the agreed agreement, and the information exchange was carried out, so as to provide the basis for the ecological compensation standard of soil heavy metal pollution area. According to the content, changing trend and characteristics of pollutants in the study area, the best forest species were selected for this area, and the soil retention was increased to the maximum extent in order to realize the ecological compensation to the area polluted by heavy metals. The final results show that the ecological compensation method for soil polluted with heavy metals based on the internet of things is cost-effective and has great feasibility, which can be the important means for sustainable development of ecological construction.
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Tam, N. F. Y., and Y. S. Wong. "Nutrient and Heavy Metal Retention in Mangrove Sediment Receiving Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0189.

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Soil column studies were carried out to examine the capacity of mangrove sediments in retaining wastewater nutrients and heavy metals. Synthetic wastewater of three different concentrations, namely diluted sewage (DW), medium sewage (MW) and concentrated sewage (CW), were applied to the columns daily over a period of 54 days. Leachate from each column was collected and analyzed. The study revealed that the concentrations of ammonium in the leachates from all sewage treatments decreased dramatically in the first week with a pattern similar to the control. After this initial decrease, ammonium contents increased rapidly especially in the column treated with CW, then remained at a steady level. At the end of the experimental period, the concentrations of ammonium found in the leachate were in the declining order of CW > MW > DW > control. Organic nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates were not detected in the leachates from all sewage treatments. This suggested that denitrification might have occurred and some of the nitrogen from sewage might have been retained in the mangrove sediment. The changes in leachate K concentration were similar to that of NH4+-N content. On the other hand, the soluble phosphorus and heavy metal contents of leachates from sewage treated columns were similar to those of the control. Most of the heavy metals, including Cu, Zn and Cd, were not detected in the leachate. The sediment data showed that NH4+-N, ortho-P, and heavy metals were accumulated on the top layer of the soil column and their contents decreased with the depth of the soil column. The highest metal content was found in the column treated with concentrated sewage. It is clear that mangrove sediments acted as a good filter/trap for phosphorus and metals, but were less efficient for ammonium nitrogen.
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Søberg, Laila C., Jes Vollertsen, Godecke-Tobias Blecken, Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen, and Maria Viklander. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two wet retention ponds." Urban Water Journal 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2015): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2015.1024689.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Diaz, Mendoza Alvaro. "Conception of a fibrous composite material for the retention of heavy metals." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI125.

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La contamination par les métaux lourds est un problème actuel qui affecte les écosystèmes et leurs organismes constitutifs. Ce problème a été reconnu dans le monde entier comme l'un des plus grands défis de notre époque. Depuis le milieu du siècle dernier, les innovations dans le domaine de la science des matériaux ont permis de mettre au point de nouvelles méthodes pour faire face à ce risque, avec des techniques telles que la précipitation chimique ou la flottation. Toutefois, il reste encore beaucoup à faire dans ce domaine. En outre, des recherches récentes ont exploré comment combiner des biomolécules telles que les protéines avec des matériaux tels que les polymères pour créer des solutions plus actives. Ce travail de thèse vise à créer un prototype de matériau adsorbant hybride capable de capturer spécifiquement les ions métalliques divalents Ni(II), Cd(II) et Pb(II) grâce à la présence d'une métalloprotéine synthétique dans sa structure. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le travail de thèse se concentre sur le développement d'une métalloprotéine synthétique capable de capturer spécifiquement les trois ions métalliques cibles, de la conception in silico à sa synthèse in vivo. D'autre part, le support de matériau est traité avec la technique d'électrofilage qui consiste en un matériau membranaire fibreux, étant optimisé pour accueillir la métalloprotéine synthétique dans sa structure. En outre, une méthode permettant d'intégrer la métalloprotéine dans le support polymère est recherchée. Ceci est réalisé au moyen d'une voie de greffage à travers des nanoparticules de silice modifiées en surface. À la fin, l'intégration des deux composants crée le prototype attendu de matériau biosorbant synthétique. Ce matériau a été caractérisé afin d'évaluer sa capacité à adsorber les trois ions métalliques d'intérêt, ce qui permet de dégager certaines tendances des perspectives futures de développement pour créer des matériaux plus efficaces pour l'industrie
Heavy metal contamination is a current problem which affects the ecosystems and their constituent organisms. This problem has been worldwide recognized as one of the biggest challenges of our time. Since the middle of the last century, innovations in the material science field have developed new methods to confront this risk, with techniques such as chemical precipitation or flotation. However, there is still significant room for improvement in this line. Furthermore, recent research has explored how to combine biomolecules such as proteins with materials like polymers to create more active solutions. This thesis work seeks to create a prototype hybrid biosorbent material capable to capture specifically the divalent metal ions Ni(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) thanks to the presence of a synthetic metalloprotein in its structure. To address this objective, the thesis work focuses on the development of a synthetic metalloprotein capable to specifically capture the three target metal ions, from the in silico conception to its in vivo synthesis. On the other hand, the biosorbent material support is processed with the electrospinning technique that consists of a fibrous membrane material, being optimized to host the synthetic metalloprotein in its structure. Additionally, a method to integrate the metalloprotein into the polymeric support is researched. This is achieved by means of a grafting route through surface modified silica nanoparticles. At the end, the integration of both components creates the expected prototype synthetic biosorbent material. This material has been characterized to evaluate its capacity to adsorb the three metal ions of interest, providing some trends of the future perspectives for further development to create more efficient materials for the industry
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Harper, Harvey H. "Fate of heavy metals from highway runoff in stormwater management systems." Diss., University of Central Florida, 1985. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/75101.

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University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis
The movement and fate of heavy metal inputs (Cd, Zn, Mn, Cu, Al, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cr) from highway runoff were investigated in a three-year study on 1.3 hectare retention facility near the Maitland Interchange on Interstate 4, north of Orlando, Florida. Physical characteristics of the retention pond and surrounding watershed were defined and field instrumentation was installed. Stormwater samples were collected over a one-year period, representing a wide range of intensities and antecedent dry periods. Stormwater characteristics were compared with average retention pond water quality to determine removal efficiencies for heavy metals within the pond. A total of 138 core samples were collected in the pond over a three-year period to investigate the horizontal and vertical migrations of heavy metals within the pond. Sediment core samples were also carried through a series of sequential extraction procedures to examine the type of chemical associations and stability of each metal in the sediments. An apparatus was built which allowed sediments to be incubated under various conditions of redox potential and pH to investigate the effects of changes in sediment conditions on the stability of metal-sediment associations. Five groundwater monitoring wells were also installed to monitor metal movement and accumulations under stormwater management systems. Heavy metal inputs from highway runoff were found to be predominantly particulate in nature, with dissolved fractions for most metals of only 25 percent. Upon entering the retention pond, most metal species settled into the sediments within 60-90 m of the inlet. Removal efficiencies for metals after entering the pond averaged 70-90 percent for particulate species and about 50 percent for dissolved species. Sediment concentrations of heavy metals were highest near the surface, with rapidly decreasing concentrations with increasing depth. Metal-sediment associations appear to be very strong for most metals, with the vast majority of metal inputs into the pond over the eight-year life still remaining in the top 10 cm. Concentrations of all heavy metals measured were higher in groundwaters beneath the pond that in the pond water; but for most metals, the increases only extended to depths of 1-3 m beneath the pond. In general, metal concentrations beneath swale areas were significantly higher than concentrations beneath the retention pond. Due to slow groundwater movement in the area, the effects of increased metal concentrations are very localized. Evidence was presented to suggest that mobilization of metals into groundwaters could substantially increase with time if maintenance procedures are not conducted.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Engineering
Environmental Engineering
390 p.
xix, 390 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Almutairi, Fahad M. "Feasibility of polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) for heavy metals retention under competitive conditions." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42647.

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Heavy metals are valuable resources for the modern world; however, they are potentially hazardous. Contamination exists in aqueous waste streams of many industries, such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, and tanneries. The soils surrounding many military and industrial sites are also contaminated and pose a risk of metals groundwater and surface water contamination. Some metals associated with these activities are cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury. Heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms, causing various diseases and disorders. However, heavy metals have a high commercial value if they can be recovered in pure form. Polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) was investigated because it offers the potential to selectively recover metals rapidly from solutions containing low concentrations. However, the major drawback (complex solutions containing other chelators and competitors) of these processes have not been investigated in detail and a fundamental understanding of these processes in real systems is required to truly assess and exploit their potential. The aim of this project was to investigate the performance of PEUF for metal ions filtration in batch mode and continuous feeding using metals, individual and in mixtures, metal binding chelator and competitor. A variety of feed compositions were used, and metal ions retention profiles were determined. The competition from other chelators or competitors for metal ions was investigated in the presence of PEI. The binding mechanisms of metal ions were explored and the ability of the Langmuir isotherm model to describe these systems using a batch and continuous feed was determined. Based on the principal of mass balance and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, a mathematical model describing the continuous feed of PEUF was developed. Ultrafiltration experiments were carried out in the stirred dead-end ultrafiltration cell and cross flow ultrafiltration systems. The metals investigated were: Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cr6+, Co2+ and Cd2+. The results showed that adding PEI to metal ion solutions significantly increases the retention of the metal ions in the solution to greater than 90% at its best. However, the addition of the polymer significantly reduces the flux of the process (by approximately 50%) for equivalent solution conditions. Membrane surface charge is also a factor which is critical to the process performance. In general, the highest retention of metal ions occurred when the membrane had its highest negative charge. The results of the binding studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm offers a better description of the binding process than the Freundlich isotherm. The work reported here showed that competition for ions from other chelators or competitors is possible and change the performance compared to ideal simple systems. It also showed some potential advantages of this approach by changing capacity and selectivity of the separation based on PEUF processes. Under competitive conditions with chelators and competitors, maximum capacities of metal ions bind to PEI using Langmuir isotherm in continuous feed of PEUF were greater than those obtained from batch system, they were similar for Cu2+-PEI complex in single and mixed metals solutions of both systems. The model developed in this project showed good predictions of the experimental results with minor exception in the case of strongly competitive situations.
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Potter, Hugh 1967. "A study of the retention of heavy metals by amorphous iron-aluminium oxides and kaolinite /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36683.

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Amorphous iron-aluminium oxides are ubiquitous in the environment and control the availability of heavy metals (Pb, Cu). Oxide physicochemical properties are affected by the proportion of Fe and Al, the Fe/Al ratio. Five amorphous oxides containing Fe and/or Al were synthesised: "Fe" (only Fe); "3FeAl" (3 moles Fe per mole Al, Fe/Al = 3); "FeAl" (Fe/Al = 1); "Fe3Al" (Fe/Al = 0.3); "Al" (only Al). Kaolinite clay was also investigated along with kaolinite to which Fe-Al oxides had been added.
The effect of Fe/Al ratio on these physicochemical properties was studied: (1) Specific surface area---EGME retention; (2) pH-dependent cation and anion exchange capacity---Ca(NO3)2 saturation; (3) Particle size density---sieving, pipette methods; (4) Surface charge density---potentiometric titrations.
The Fe/Al ratio influenced the specific surface area: Fe and 3FeAl had significantly greater surface areas than Fe3Al and Al; FeAl exhibited the maximum surface area. The cation exchange capacity increased rapidly above pH 5, with Fe > 3FeAl > Al > Fe3Al > FeAl at pH 6 to 7. Surface charge density of low Fe/Al oxides was more sensitive to pH changes implying ≡AlOH surface hydroxyl groups are more easily protonated and de-protonated than ≡FeOH species. An open (porous) structure of loosely linked small particles was proposed with SO42- anions forming bridges between Al3+ and Fe3+ ions during oxide precipitation while inhibiting extensive crystal growth.
Pb and Cu retention was measured using 24 hour batch suspension tests with varying pH and contaminant concentrations (0.5 to 25 mmol/L). Higher Fe/Al ratio oxides retained more Cu and Pb at all pH values. Cu retention (0.5 to 5 mmol/L) and Pb retention (all concentrations) followed Fe > 3FeA > FeAl > Fe3Al > Al but at 25 mmol Cu/L, only Fe accumulated more Cu. However, low Fe/Al ratio oxides preferentially sorbed Cu over Pb from multi-contaminant solutions. Adsorption rather than bulk precipitation was the dominant accumulation mechanism. Geochemical modelling suggested surface precipitation occurred at higher contaminant concentrations.
Adding oxides to kaolinite significantly increased the clay's specific surface area, surface charge density and contaminant retention capacity; higher Fe/Al ratio oxide-amended clays retained more Pb and Cu.
Amorphous Fe-Al oxides substantially enhance heavy metal accumulation by soils with higher Fe/Al ratio oxides being particularly effective.
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Potter, Hugh. "A study of the retention of heavy metals by amorphous iron-aluminium oxides and kaolinite." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0029/NQ64646.pdf.

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Nehrenheim, Emma. "Metal retention from leachate using Industrial Waste Products." Licentiate thesis, Västerås : Department of Public Technology, Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-197.

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Karapanagiotis, Nicolas Konstantine. "Heavy metal retention by the organic fraction of sewage sludge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342264.

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Laallam, Gitte. "Transport and retention of heavy metals in contaminated soil and groundwater : A case study from Pukeberg glassworks in Småland, Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141651.

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As much as 80 000 sites, including landfills from glass production industries, are estimated to be contaminated in Sweden. One of these landfills is located near the glassworks factory of Pukeberg, in the municipality of Nybro, Southeast Sweden. It has been found to be severely contaminated with heavy metals, which have toxic effects to humans and biota. The aim of this study is to investigate hydrologic properties at Pukeberg, including groundwater velocities and their potential (spatial) heterogeneity that would affect the transport of metals. Metal concentrations in soil, pore water and groundwater were measured to investigate such metal transport and retention at the site. Slug tests were conducted at the site to determine local discharges and water velocities. For comparison, total groundwater flows through the landfill were estimated by considering water balances of the upstream catchment. Results showed a much higher groundwater flow through the landfill at Pukeberg when estimated from water balance constraints of the upstream catchment, compared to when up-scaled from local measurements of hydraulic conductivities and gradients within the landfill. This points to the existence of aquifer heterogeneity, including preferential flow paths and low-flow zones. Depending on flow path, transport velocities of heavy metals could therefore differ considerably. With a pH of 7 in pore water, and relatively low DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations, environmental conditions were found likely to favour a strong retention for most of the metals investigated. This conclusion is supported by our estimates of Kd (the soil-water partitioning coefficient), derived from the in-situ ratio between soil concentrations and pore water concentrations at the landfill. These estimates were consistently higher than previously reported laboratory results from leaching tests, as well as guideline values from the Swedish EPA. For instance, Kd for Pb and As was found to be 50600 l/kg and 16400 l/kg, respectively. Thus, for most metals, a limited transport downstream could be expected. Indications of high aquifer heterogeneity within the limited area investigated in this study however give rise to uncertainties, for instance regarding the representativeness of the taken samples. Possible future analyses of extended sampling schemes could decrease these uncertainties.
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Syrovetnik, Kristina. "Long-term metal retention processes in a peat bog : Field studies, data and modelling." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-460.

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Lander, Mark S. "Evaluation of selected heavy metal concentrations in soils of an urban stormwater retention basin." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002831.

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Books on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Campbell, Kym Rouse. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish living in stormwater treatment ponds. Palatka, Fla: St. Johns River Water Management District, 1995.

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Fish, William. Behavior of runoff-derived metals in a well defined paved-catchment/retention pond system. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1988.

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Fish, William. Behavior of runoff-derived metals in a well defined paved-catchment/retention pond system. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1988.

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Gibb, James P. Retention of zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead by geologic materials. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Bailey, Rachael. The performance of SuDS: An investigation of heavy metal and suspended solid removal by single and series SuDS retention basin systems. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2001.

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Förstner, Ulrich, Wim Salomons, and Pavel Mader, eds. Heavy Metals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5.

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service), SpringerLink (Online. Soil Heavy Metals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Furini, Antonella. Plants and heavy metals. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.

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Varma, A., and Irena Sherameti. Detoxification of heavy metals. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

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Alloway, B. J., ed. Heavy Metals in Soils. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1344-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Tütem, Esma, and Reşat Apak. "The Role of Metal-Ligand Complexation Equilibria in the Retention and Mobilization of Heavy Metals in Soil." In Soil & Environment, 425–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_114.

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Życzyńska-Baloniak, Irena, Barbara Szpakowska, Lech Ryszkowski, and Janusz Pempkowiak. "Role of meadow strips for migration of dissolved organic compounds and heavy metals with groundwater." In Nutrient Dynamics and Retention in Land/Water Ecotones of Lowland, Temperate Lakes and Rivers, 249–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1602-2_27.

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Schulin, R., G. Geiger, and G. Furrer. "Heavy Metal Retention by Soil Organic Matter under Changing Environmental Conditions." In Biogeodynamics of Pollutants in Soils and Sediments, 53–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79418-6_3.

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Kazda, M., and G. Glatzel. "Dry Deposition, Retention and Wash-Off Processes of Heavy Metals in Beech Crowns: Analysis of Sequentially Sampled Stemflow." In Atmospheric Pollutants in Forest Areas, 215–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4736-8_18.

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Gupt, Chandra Bhanu, Anamika Kushwaha, Atma Prakash, Alok Chandra, Lalit Goswami, and Sreedeep Sekharan. "Mitigation of Groundwater Pollution: Heavy Metal Retention Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Liner Materials." In Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants, 79–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6564-9_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Heavy Metals." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 362. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5872.

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Liu, Dongyou. "Heavy Metals." In Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 1161–68. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019] | Series: Food microbiology series | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22030-110.

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Reitner, Joachim, and Volker Thiel. "Heavy Metals." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 441. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_109.

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Woodson, Erika. "Heavy Metals." In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1158. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_200178.

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Oliveira, Leiva Casemiro, Antonio Marcus Nogueira Lima, Carsten Thirstrup, and Helmut Franz Neff. "Heavy Metals." In Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors, 273–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17486-6_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Mazzieri, Francesco, and Erio Pasqualini. "Retention of Heavy Metals in Conventional and Factory-Prehydrated GCL Materials." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41165(397)198.

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Mazzieri, Francesco. "Assessment of Heavy Metals Retention in GCLs by Column and Batch Tests." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.353.

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Gulyurtlu, I., M. Helena Lopes, P. Abelha, I. Cabrita, and J. F. Santos Oliveira. "The Study of Partitioning of Heavy Metals During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-079.

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The behaviour of Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg during the combustion tests of granular dry sewage sludges on a pilot FBC of about 0,3 MW was evaluated. The emissions of these heavy metals from mono-combustion were compared with those of co-combustion of the sludge with a bituminous coal. The effect of the addition of limestone was also studied in order to retain sulphur compounds and to verify its influence on the retention of heavy metals. Heavy metals were collected and analysed from different locations of the installation, which included the stack, the two cyclones and the material removed from the bed. The results showed that the volatility of metals was rather low, resulting in emissions below the legal limits of the new directive on incineration, with the exception of Hg during the mono-combustion tests. The partitioning of metals, except for Hg, appeared to follow that of ashes, amounting to levels above 90% in the bed streams in the mono-combustion case. For co-combustion, there was a lower fixation of HM in the bed ashes, mostly originating essentially from the sewage sludge, ranging between 40 and 80%. It is believed that in this latter case, a slightly higher bed temperature could have enhanced the volatilisation, especially of Cd and Pb. However these metals were then retained in cyclone ashes. In the case of Hg, the volatilisation was complete. The bed ashes were free of Hg and part of it was retained in the cyclone and emitted as both fine ash particles and in gaseous forms. In mono-combustion the Hg emissions from the stack (particles and gas) accounted for about 50%, although there was a significant amount unaccounted for. This appeared to have significantly decreased in the case of co-combustion, as only about 15% has been emitted, due to the retention effect of cyclone ashes which presented high quantities of unburned carbon and possibly condensed sulphur species.
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Muthukrishnan, Swarna, and Ariamalar Selvakumar. "Evaluation of Retention Pond and Constructed Wetland BMPs for Treating Particulate-Bound Heavy Metals in Urban Stormwater Runoff." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)381.

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Moghal, Arif Ali Baig, and Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani. "Effect of Temperature on the Heavy Metal Retention Characteristics of Semi-Arid Soils of Saudi Arabia." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.405.

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Na nagara, Viravid, Dibyendu Sarkar, Sameer S. Neve, Zhiming Zhang, and Rupali Datta. "HEAVY METAL AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM STORMWATER RETENTION POND BY VETIVER GRASS (CHRYSOPOGON ZIZANIOIDES): PLANT GROWTH CHAMBER STUDY." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357761.

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Xiang, Qingan, Jian Deng, Dahuan Zhu, Xiaoli Wu, Jinsheng Bi, Baowen Chen, Rong Cai, Libo Qian, and Yugao Ma. "Stratification and Heat Transfer of Molten Corium Pool for In-Vessel Retention." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16742.

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Abstract In-vessel retention (IVR) consists in cooling the molten corium contained in the lower head of reactor vessel by natural convection and reactor cavity flooding. The general approach which is used to study IVR problems is a “bounding” approach which consists in assuming a specified corium pool stratification in the vessel and then demonstrating that the vessel can cope with the resulting thermal and mechanical loads. Thermal loading on the vessel is controlled by the convective heat transfer inside the molten corium pool. Traditionally molten corium pool in the lower head was expected to stratify into two-layer with the dense oxide pool at the bottom and the light metal layer on the top. Based on the MASCA experiments, the increased density of the metal layer attributed to a transfer of uranium metal leads to inverse stratification with a heavy metal layer relocating below the oxide pool. This behavior can be explained by physicochemical interaction between the oxidic and metallic phases of the corium pool. Therefore, a methodology which couples physicochemical effects and thermal hydraulics has been developed to address the IVR issue. The main purpose of this paper is to present this methodology and its application for calculate stratification probability of two-layer and three-layer configuration, analyze the safety margin of IVR in two-layer and three-layer configuration, and evaluate the lower head heat thermal failure probability.
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Carénini, L., and F. Fichot. "Evaluation of the Kinetics of Molten Pool Stratification in Case of In-Vessel Melt Retention Strategy." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82243.

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The In-Vessel Retention (IVR) strategy for Light Water Reactors (LWR) intends to stabilize and retain the core melt in the reactor pressure vessel. This type of Severe Accident Management (SAM) strategy has already been incorporated in the SAM guidance (SAMG) of several operating small size LWR (reactors below 500MWe, like VVER440) and is part of the SAMG strategies for some Gen III+ PWRs of higher power like the AP1000. One of the main issues for the demonstration of the success of the IVR strategy lies in the evaluation of the transient heat fluxes applied by the corium pool along the vessel wall. Indeed, these transient heat fluxes, during the corium pool stratification evolution, are expected to be higher than the steady-state ones, in particular due to the concentration of the heat flux in the top metal layer when it is thin (so called focusing effect). Another issue appears when a heavy metal is initially formed and rises later to the top (inversion of stratification): in such a situation, the metal goes through the oxide phase and accumulates a significant superheat which is likely to produce a high transient heat flux. Thus, it is of primary importance to be able to evaluate the duration of these transient peaks in order to evaluate the minimal residual vessel thickness after such fast transient ablation and draw conclusions about the vessel integrity. This paper first presents the phenomenology associated to the transient molten pool stratification and the model implemented in the severe accident integral code ASTEC (Accident Source Term Evaluation Code) to evaluate this kinetics. Then, evaluations are presented, based on a typical PWR reactor configuration. A sensitivity study is proposed to consider the impact of the main uncertainties on parameters which govern this kinetics. A particular focus is made on the physical phenomena driving the transient stratification of material layers in the corium pool and on the identification of critical situations with possible consequences in terms of vessel failure. The characteristic times of each individual process (chemistry, stratification, natural convection) are compared. In particular, the limiting cases of very fast chemistry or very slow chemistry are evaluated. This work is performed in the frame of the European H2020 project IVMR (In-Vessel Melt Retention) coordinated by IRSN. This project has been launched in 2015 and gathers 27 organizations with, as main objective, the evaluation of feasibility of IVR strategy for LWR (PWR, VVER, BWR) of total power 1,000MWe or higher.
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Zorica, Bacinschi, Cristiana Zizi Rizescu, and Aurora Anca Poinescu. "Heavy metals concentrations control." In 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596105.

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Tatar, Adina. "HEAVY METALS IN TG JIU." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b41/s17.039.

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Reports on the topic "Retention of heavy metals"

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Putnam, Mike, and Pilar Umnuss. Heavy Metals Analyzer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607339.

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De Quesada, Armando, David Silveri, and Tom Bright. Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453186.

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Wilson, R. F. Transport of heavy metals in process wastewaters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6203104.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., I. J. W. Elbers, J. de Jong, M. K. van der Lee, and W. C. M. de Nijs. Proficiency test for heavy metals in compound feed. Wageningen: RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/397952.

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Watson, L. D., and J. E. Thompson. Heavy metals processing near-net-forming summary progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/132677.

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Detering, B. A., and J. A. Batdorf. Plasma treatment of INEL soil contaminated with heavy metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5665137.

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Bunting, Wade. Elimination of Toxic Heavy Metals From Small Caliber Ammunition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada371028.

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Heather Richard, Heather Richard. Are biofilms responsible for heavy metals on plastic debris? Experiment, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2743.

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Detering, B. A., and J. A. Batdorf. Plasma treatment of INEL soil contaminated with heavy metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139135.

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Ames A. Grisanti and Charlene R. Crocker. EM Task 13 - Cone Penetrometer for Subsurface Heavy Metals Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3838.

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