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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retentionist

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Academic literature on the topic 'Retentionist'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Retentionist"

1

Sattler, Mildred, Noreen Bernard, and Theresa Morrison. "The Magical Role of a Nurse Retentionist." Nurse Leader 19, no. 3 (June 2021): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2021.01.002.

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Hakim, Muhammad Andy, and Joko Setiyono. "INDONESIAN DEATH PENALTY: SEEN FROM THE CONCEPT BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS." Diponegoro Law Review 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.188-199.

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In the case of death penalty, Indonesia is a retentionist state of death penalty. It is evidenced through the regulation such as The Act Number 35 year 2009 on narcotics, The Act Number 1 year 1946 on criminal law regulation, The Act Number 31 year 1999 Jo The Act number 20 year 2001 about corruption and so on. Although Indonesia belongs to a retentionist country against death penalty, in the implementation remains in accordance with human rights. It was evidenced by ratifying international treaties relating to human rights and having legislation on human rights.

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Holmes, Billy. "Secretive Symbolism? The Death Penalty, Executions, and Japan." Criminal Law Forum 31, no. 4 (August 26, 2020): 579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10609-020-09402-0.

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AbstractThe importance of analysing the death penalty and state-imposed executions is derived from their concerning the right to life, and their retaining wide-spread support throughout retentionist, abolitionist de facto, and abolitionist states worldwide. Discrepancies in the execution rates of retentionist states appear reducible to their serving symbolic or pragmatic functions i.e. they are used primarily to validate public opinion or primarily to deter crime. Prima facie, Japan seems akin to a symbolic state, due to its low execution rate and its official justification for both retaining the death penalty and continuing to use executions i.e. doing otherwise would be undemocratic. However, the practices that surround executions in Japan shroud them in secrecy and silence, which appears at odds with both its apparent symbolic function and this justification. This makes Japan a uniquely important case study for research on practices surrounding executions. Understanding why this contradiction exists will entail a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which the death penalty, executions, and the practices surrounding them, can function in retentionist states. This essay aids such understanding by critically analysing this official justification and various other arguments for why this might be the case and advancing an alternative explanation.

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Cho, Kuk. "Death Penalty in Korea: From Unofficial Moratorium to Abolition?" Asian Journal of Comparative Law 3 (2008): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800000120.

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AbstractThe death penalty is one of the most contentious issues in Korea. In contrast to other Asian countries, the issue of whether the death penalty should be abolished has been actively debated and reviewed at governmental levels and in civil society. It is important to note that it is not just civic organizations that have begun to favor abolition of the death penalty but also state organizations including the National Assembly and the National Human Rights Commission. The Constitutional Court has invalidated some disproportionate provisions in relation to the death penalty. Since President Kim Dae-Jung took office in February 1998, there has been an “unofficial moratorium” on executions.This article provides an overview of the legal regime governing the death penalty and the ongoing debate on the death penalty in Korea. It begins by briefly reviewing international treaties that call for the abolition of the death penalty, contrasting them with the retentionist trend in most Asian countries. It then reviews the major decisions of the Korean Supreme Court and the Korean Constitutional Court. It also discusses recent moves in the National Assembly and the National Human Rights Commission to abolish the death penalty. It suggests that the Korean death penalty debate has potentially significant implications for its retentionist Asian neighbours grappling with similar issues.

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Salam, Abdul Jalil, and Zahlul Pasha Karim. "Death Penalty in Indonesia: Revisiting the Debate Between the Retentionist and the Abolitionist." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.20138.

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Historically, Indonesia's death penalty does not originate from religious doctrine but a series of democratization processes agreed upon in the legislation. Amidst these processes, two competing opinions respond to Indonesia's death penalty: the retentionist and the abolitionist. These different approaches to address the death penalty, whether imposed or abolished, result in competing perspectives and arguments in regulatory and practical issues both in the national and international arena. This study aimed to revisit the death penalty discourse in Indonesia that opposes the human approach by assuming that the death penalty violates human rights. The data were analyzed in three steps, among other things, unitization, comparison, and conclusion. This study showed that the death penalty remains relevant to Indonesia despite the long struggle of its rejection. It concluded that Indonesia's imposition of the death penalty is regarded as worth defending, with specific and selective applications. The specific application means that the death penalty is applicable for corruptors, drug dealers, terrorists, gross human rights violators, and premeditated murders. Selective application means that a convict sentenced to death must be proven in court with a level of accuracy considered and accepted in law. KEYWORDS: Death Penalty, Criminal Law, Right to Life, Indonesian Law.

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Malkani, Bharat. "THE OBLIGATION TO REFRAIN FROM ASSISTING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 3 (July 2013): 523–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000134.

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AbstractIn this paper, I assert that the prohibition on the death penalty brings with it an obligation on abolitionist States to refrain from assisting the use of the death penalty in retentionist States. By considering the law on complicity and State responsibility, the obligation to protect under international human rights law, and the practice of States, I argue that although there are jurisdictional issues and although the death penalty is not prohibited under general international law, an obligation to refrain from being complicit in the death penalty is developing in international law.

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Burns, Adam D. "Retentionist in Chief: William Howard Taft and the Question of Philippine Independence, 1912-1916." Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 61, no. 2 (2013): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phs.2013.0009.

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Yamamoto, Lilian. "Os desafios para a eliminação da pena de morte no Japão." Estudos Japoneses, no. 35 (March 7, 2015): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i35p44-57.

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Death penalty has been present in most part of Japanese history. In the opposite direction of the majority of the developed countries, there is not any short-medium term perspective it will be abolished from the Japanese penal system. This article intends to investigate what are the reasons for the predominance of its favorable position and its retention, in special, the public opinion and governmental politics. Before that, it will analyze the evolution of its execution methods, a discussion of its constitutionality, as well as its retentionist reasonings. Eventually, it aims to demonstrate that the public opinion polls can generate results according to the interests of those who carry them out.

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Mukherjee, Amrita. "The ICCPR as a ‘Living Instrument’: The Death Penalty as Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment." Journal of Criminal Law 68, no. 6 (November 2004): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.68.6.507.54143.

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This article examines the recent views of the UN Human Rights Committee on the issues related to the death penalty. Obligations under Articles 6 (the right to life) and 7 (the right not to be subjected to torture or other, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment) are correlated. Despite widely divergent opinions within the Committee on the issue, this human rights body is moving towards strengthening the obligations of abolitionist states and, in so doing, restricting the availability of the sanction for retentionist states. This is consistent with the object and purposes approach and the nature of the ICCPR as a living instrument.

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Pascoe, Daniel, and Michelle Miao. "VICTIM–PERPETRATOR RECONCILIATION AGREEMENTS:WHAT CAN MUSLIM-MAJORITY JURISDICTIONS AND THE PRC LEARN FROM EACH OTHER?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66, no. 4 (October 2017): 963–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000409.

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AbstractAs States that use the death penalty liberally in a world that increasingly favours abolition, the Muslim-majority jurisdictions that are strict exponents of Islamic law and the People's Republic of China share a crucial commonality: their frequent use of victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements to remove convicted murderers from the threat of execution. In both cases, rather than a prisoner's last chance at escaping execution being recourse to executive clemency, victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements fulfil largely the same purpose, together with providing means of compensating victims for economic loss, and enabling the State concerned to reduce execution numbers without formally limiting the death penalty's scope in law. Utilizing the functionalist approach of comparative law methodology, this article compares the 13 death penalty retentionist nations that have incorporated Islamic law principles into their positive criminal law with the People's Republic of China, as to the functions underpinning victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements in death penalty cases.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retentionist"

1

Jordan, Aisha Z. "African retentions of Capoeira Angola." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2008. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/21.

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Sommer, Janine [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur Retentions- und Perfusionszeit der Niere nach Applikation von Röntgenkontrastmitteln / Janine Sommer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025305221/34.

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Mitrou, Evisa. "Defined benefit plan retentions and pension buy-ins/buy-outs : evidence from the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32820.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained papers on defined benefit (DB) pension provision in the United Kingdom (UK). In particular, in the first paper, I examine the effect that labour market incentives, managerial incentives and the adoption of FRS17 by UK firms, have on DB plan retention decisions. In this paper, I also examine the role of insider trustees, defined as trustees that are also company executives, on the firm’s decision to keep DB plans open. I find that firms for which human capital is especially important are more likely to retain their defined benefit plans. In addition, CEO and CFO membership in the same pension plan that is provided for other employees positively influences the retention of defined benefit pension plans. Additional analysis using a sub-sample for which data on pension plan trustees are available suggests that being a CEO and a trustee increases the probability of DB plan retentions. Moreover, being a CEO/CFO trustee and a member of the DB plan offered to all employees increases the likelihood of DB plan retention. However, I do not find any evidence that voluntary adoption of FRS 17 influences DB plan retention. In addition, I find that insider-trustees have a positive influence on the decision to maintain DB plans, especially when they are members of these plans. In the second paper, I look at the effect of DB plan retentions and executive membership in them, on corporate credit ratings and the investment and dividend decisions. Empirical findings suggest that firms which continue to sponsor DB plans are more likely to have lower credit ratings which are exacerbated when these plans are underfunded. Despite the above effect however, I find that if the CEO is a member of the DB plan, it positively affects credit ratings. In addition, I find some evidence that the participation of CEOs in the main DB plans in conjunction with overfunded pension plans, negatively affect investment decisions when these schemes remain open. I do not find any association between CEOs membership in the main DB plan and dividend payments which may be explained by the market signalling effects of dividends. Finally, in the third paper, I provide a thorough analysis of the pension buy-in and buy-out market in the UK, and I empirically examine the determinants of such transactions from a firm and plan perspective. I find that firms that implement buy-ins have larger and more funded pension plans, are more profitable and have higher union densities. Moreover, firms that complete buy-outs have larger pension plans and allocate less pension assets in equity. Moreover, the number of employees is negatively associated with both transactions implying it is costlier for firms to conduct either a buy-in or buy-out transaction. While union density is positively associated with buy-ins, it has a negative effect on the likelihood of buy-outs suggesting that unions support buy-in but not buy-out transactions. This may be potentially explained by the fact that the latter are associated with with plan winding-ups.

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Chenwi, Lilian Manka. "Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa a human rights perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/.

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Thesis (L.L.D.)--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 22, 2006). "Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Laws (LLD) in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria." Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-386).

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Dell'Orto, Francesca. "Recherches de phénoménologie génétique entre le temps et la vie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040028.

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Ce travail prend en examen le rapport, du point de vue phénoménologique, entre les notions de temps et de vie, et leur implications transcendantales. À ce but les recherches exposées ici se présentent comme l’étude, plus thématique que historiographique, et le développement de questions qui s’appuient sur le noyau profond de l’oeuvre husserlienne, bien que pas toujours directement abordées par Husserl lui-même. Notre thèse consiste à reconsidérer le statut du transcendantal depuis l’articulation entre la vie et le temps, c’est-à-dire entre la vie et la mort, en interprétant par cela toute l’évolution de la philosophie occidentale, qui s’est significativement déroulée sous le signe de la mort socratique. Husserl donne l’impression d’osciller entre la nécessité de distinguer la vie, en tant que détermination transcendantale, de la temporalité, relative à la dimension du constitué, et leur assimilation, dans la mesure où il reconnaît à une certain type de temporalité une originarité constituante et absolue. En d’autres mots, la tentative de définir la vie tombe sur la même ambiguïté qui émerge déjà à l’époque des Zeitvorlesungen à propos de la conscience absolue: tout comme le seuil entre temporalité constituante et temporalité constituée devient mince et perméable, de même façon celui entre vie et temporalité s’estompe en ce que Husserl appelle Vor-Zeitigung et pour laquelle «nous n’avons pas de noms». Il en va de la possibilité de penser la vie sans la réduire à une détermination physique ou biologique, en évitant tout naturalisme (ce qui ne signifie pas son complet discrédit), et de faire ressortir la priorité du sens toujours impliquée par la temporalité, sans pour autant la connecter à une détermination psychologiste
This work takes into consideration the relationship, as in a phenomenological perspective, between the notions of time and life, and their transcendental implications. To this aim, here is presented a research coping with the study, thematic more than historiographic, and with the development of those issues that, even if not always tackled as such by Husserl himself, deal with the deeper core of Husserlian oeuvre. This dissertation reconsiders the status of the transcendental after the articulation between life and time, that is to say, between life and death, interpreting in this light the whole evolution of Western philosophy, significantly unwound under the sign of Socrates’ death.Husserl gives the impression to swing back and forth between the necessity of distinguishing life, as transcendental determination, and temporality, inasmuch as related to the dimension of the constituted, and their assimilation, insofar as he acknowledges to a certain type of temporality a constituent and absolute originarity. In other words, the attempt to define life meets the same ambiguity already emerged at the time of the Zeitvorlesungen about the absolute conscience: as the threshold between constituent and constituted temporality grows thinner and more permeable, that between life and temporality softens in what Husserl calls Vor-Zeitigung and that «we have no names [for]». Two issues are here at stake: on one hand, the possibility to think life without reducing it to a physical or biological determination, shying away from any naturalism (which does not entail its complete disrepute); on the other, the chance to consider life without connecting it to a psychologistic understanding, as the link with temporality would imply, though preserving, instead, the priority of sense

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Li, Zhi. "Optimal Reinsurance Retentions under Ruin-Related Optimization Criteria." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4123.

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Quota-share and stop-loss/excess-of-loss reinsurances are two important reinsurance strategies. An important question, both in theory and in application, is to determine optimal retentions for these reinsurances. In this thesis, we study the optimal retentions of quota-share and stop-loss/excess-of-loss reinsurances under ruin-related optimization criteria. We attempt to balance the interest for a ceding company and a reinsurance company and employ an optimization criterion that considers the interests of both a cedent and a reinsurer. We also examine the influence of interest, dividend, commission, expense, and diffusion on reinsurance retentions.

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Fonseca, Maria Margarida Vilela. "O ius retentionis. O carácter oculto da garantia e a protecção de terceiros: o caso especial do promitente comprador." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95735.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Com esta dissertação pretendermos, numa primeira abordagem, analisar a figura do direito de retenção, nomeadamente, as suas características, a evolução histórica e os seus pressupostos gerais e especiais.De seguida, debruçamo-nos sobre algumas generalidades do direito de retenção do promitente-comprador no que concerne às normas civilísticas aplicáveis ao contrato-promessa de compra e venda.Mais à frente, atendemos à questão, ainda tão controvertida na doutrina, acerca da prevalência do direito de retenção sobre a hipoteca, ainda que esta tenha sido anteriormente registada.Por fim, no último capítulo, estudaremos o direito de retenção do promitente-comprador no âmbito da insolvência do promitente-vendedor e procuraremos dar resposta à divergência doutrinal, problematizada pelo Ac. n.º 4/2014, no qual o STJ fixou jurisprudência no sentido de fazer prevalecer o direito de retenção do promitente-comprador no contrato-promessa com eficácia meramente obrigacional, tenha havido tradição da coisa, e desde que lhe assista a qualidade consumidor, aplicando-se, em consequência, as normas civilísticas dos arts. 755.º/ 1 al. f) e, por remissão, o art. 442.º do CC, em detrimento das normas do CIRE. O direito de retenção está previsto nos arts. 754.º e ss do CC e traduz-se no direito conferido ao devedor que disponha de um crédito sobre o seu credor e que se encontre adstrito a entregar determinada coisa, recusar licitamente a entrega da coisa ao credor, mantendo-a em seu poder .A lei estabelece o direito de retenção com carácter geral, no art. 754.º, cuja constituição depende de certos requisitos e um conjunto de casos específicos no art. 755.º.
This dissertation firstly, addresses the analysis of the right to retention, specifically its characteristics, historic evolution, and its general and specific prerequisites. Subsequently, the general aspects of the right to retention (from the perspective of the promising purchaser), concerning civil law standards, in this case, applicable to the promissory sales contract shall be examined.Furthermore, the question surrounding the prevalence of the right of retention concerning mortgages, (even when the specific mortage has been previously registered) shall be discussed. This question remains debatable in terms of doctrine.Finally, the right to retention of the promissory purchaser concerning the insolvency of the promissory seller shall be studied as we search for an answer to the doctrinal divergence due to the ruling established in the AC Nº4/2014, in which the STJ (supreme court of justice) gave prevalence to the right to retention of the promissory purchaser in the promissory contract, thus detaining a merely compulsory efficiency. This is effective only when the transfer of the asset has taken place and as long as the other part is considered a purchaser. If these preconditions are fulfilled, consequently, the civil law standards established in article 755º/1 f) shall come into effect, referencing also article 442º of the Civil Code, surpassing the insolvency and company recovery (CIRE) norms. and following of the Civil Code.The right of retention is provided for in articles 754 and of CC and translates into the right conferred on the debtor who has a claim on his creditor and who is bound to deliver a certain thing, to lawfully refuse to deliver the thing to the creditor, keeping it in his power .The law establishes the right of retention in general, in article 754, whose constitution depends on certain requirements and a set of specific cases in article 755º.

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Renjaan, Eugenius Alfred [Verfasser]. "The role of hydrodynamic regimes and water properties on transports, retentions, and settlements of mollusc larvae at a lagoon and its adjacent open shore in Kai Islands, Indonesia / vorgelegt von Eugenius Alfred Renjaan." 2003. http://d-nb.info/972153594/34.

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Books on the topic "Retentionist"

1

Will, Hughes. Financial protection in the UK building industry: Bonds, retentions, and guarantees. London: E & FN Spon, 1998.

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M, Hillebrandt Patricia, Murdoch J. R. 1945-, and Reading Construction Forum, eds. Financial protection in the UK building industry: Bonds, retentions and guarantees. London: Spon, 1998.

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3

The use of retentions in the UK construction industry: Second Report of session 2002-03. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

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4

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Trade and Industry Committee. Retaining retentions?: Comments on the Government's response to the Committee's report on the use of retentions in the UK construction industry : fifteenth report of session 2002-03 : report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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Hubbard, R. Glenn. Corporate payouts and the tax price of corporate retentions: Evidence from the undistributed profits tax of 1936-1938. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Trade and Industry Select Committee. Retaining retentions?: Government observations on the committee's fifteenth report of session 2002-03 : seventh special report of the session 2002-03. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Trade and Industry Committee. The use of retentions in the UK construction industry: Government reply to the second report of session 2002-03 from the Trade and Industry Committee : second special report of session 2002-03. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency, minority hire, retentions and promotions: Hearing before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, October 28, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Realist Metaphysics of Race: A Context-Sensitive, Short-Term Retentionist, Long-Term Revisionist Approach. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2014.

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10

Heyns, Christof, Thomas Probert, and Tess Borden. The Right to Life and the Progressive Abolition of the Death Penalty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272654.003.0008.

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This chapter begins with the contention that global norms surrounding the death penalty have evolved considerably over the last fifty years. It reviews the extent to which international human rights treaties, including the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and some of the regional human rights treaties, allow for and indeed arguably require the progressive abolition of the death penalty. It then further examines the trends at a global level in terms of the imposition of the death penalty, and some of the potential spaces for advocacy or litigation, in both retentionist and abolitionist states, aimed at reducing and ultimately ending the practice.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retentionist"

1

Straub, Erwin. "Retentions." In Non-Life Insurance Mathematics, 76–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03364-7_5.

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Lott, Tommy L. "African Retentions." In A Companion to African-American Philosophy, 168–89. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470751640.ch10.

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Scarr, Deryck. "Transformations, Retentions and the Islands Trade, 1800–1900." In The History of the Pacific Islands, 134–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15138-7_13.

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Sama, Ramzan. "Impact of Employer Branding on Customer Acquisitions and Retentions." In Employer Branding for Competitive Advantage, 181–99. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Information technology, management and operations research practices: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127826-12.

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Sama, Ramzan. "Impact of Employer Branding on Customer Acquisitions and Retentions." In Employer Branding for Competitive Advantage, 181–99. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Information technology, management and operations research practices: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003127826-12.

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Pressacco, Flavio, and Laura Ziani. "The influence of correlation and loading on M–V efficient retentions in variable quota share proportional reinsurance." In Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance, 349–57. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2342-0_41.

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Laub, R. J., and O. S. Tyagi. "Characterization of Siloxane Polymer Solvents by Family Regression of Gas Chromatographic Retentions of Aliphatic and Aromatic Probe-Solutes." In ACS Symposium Series, 264–73. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0391.ch019.

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Yost, Benjamin S. "Introduction." In Against Capital Punishment, 1–31. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901165.003.0001.

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The introduction situates Against Capital Punishment within larger philosophical debates about punishment. It begins by reminding readers why punishment needs to be justified at all, emphasizing punishment’s normative significance in liberal polities, where any coercive state action must survive rigorous scrutiny. Moving to capital punishment, it explains why it is most philosophically profitable to focus on the retributive slice of the debate and exclude communicative, restitutive, and consequentialist competitors: restitutive and communicative theories are fundamentally incompatible with execution, and deterrence theories stand or fall with social scientific research, which fails to establish execution’s preventative effect. The introduction also lays out the dialectical strategy of the book, which is to present the strongest possible case for the retentionist program, then develop an abolitionism that defeats this view.

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Yost, Benjamin S. "Death and Retribution." In Against Capital Punishment, 32–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901165.003.0002.

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Any retributivist defense of capital punishment must establish that execution is a morally permissible punishment for at least some first-degree murderers. This chapter makes a case for the permissibility of execution, suggesting that it is sometimes a proportionate punishment. The existence of reasons to execute is thus made plausible. After outlining objections to competing deterrence theories of sentencing, the chapter returns to retributivist considerations, illuminating the affinities of cardinal proportionality and the lex talionis, which states that offenders deserve whatever harm they impose on their victims. Although the talion has a suspect reputation, it can be understood as standing for the unobjectionable principle that punishments must reproduce the relevant wrong-making features of the offense. Accordingly, it can be used to establish the cardinal proportionality of murder and execution. Chapter 1 concludes by showing how the retentionist can repel abolitionist attacks based on the right to life and human dignity.

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Pascoe, Daniel. "Conclusion: Clemency’s Place." In Last Chance for Life: Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases, 226–52. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809715.003.0009.

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The Conclusion, after briefly summarizing the respective country positions and restating the three-part hypothesis outlined in Chapter 7, considers what Southeast Asia’s ‘natural experiment’ on clemency means for policymakers, NGO staff, and legal practitioners working on death penalty cases in the region. The four national case studies, together with Chapter 7’s comparative hypothesis, suggest various practical means of boosting each Southeast Asian jurisdiction’s clemency rate within finalized capital cases. The Conclusion also considers what implications the comparative findings outlined in Chapter 7 have for the broader criminal justice literature in other parts of the world (particularly concerning the relationship between discretion exercised at different stages of a criminal case, the relationship between extrajudicial and judicial sanctions, the impact of democratization on criminal justice policies, and the influence of delay on criminal justice decision-making). Finally, the Conclusion suggests a future research agenda, including quantitative studies to ‘test’ the accuracy of the book’s three-part hypothesis in other parts of the retentionist world. The chapter ends with several predictions regarding the future of capital clemency in the four Southeast Asian jurisdictions under analysis (Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia).

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Conference papers on the topic "Retentionist"

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Huang, X. L., M. C. Peng, J. X. Liu, Y. Lei, X. J. Yang, and Z. H. Wu. "Hot air drying characteristics and nutrients of apricot armeniaca vulgaris lam pretreated with Radio Frequency(RF)." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7524.

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Apricot pretreated with RF and then dried with convective hot air at 65℃, 3.0m/s in this research. RF pretreatment time of 20, 30, 40 and 50min were chosen. Results showed that, there is only falling rate period during apricot hot air drying, and the drying rate of apricot is improved significantly; Herdenson and Pabis model is suitable for apricot hot air drying; retentions of flavonoids, polyphenols and Vc in dried apricot were higher than those of fresh apricot; when RF treating time was chosen 30mins, nutrients retentions of Vc, flavonoid and polyphenols were 0.9543mg/100g, 5.4089mg/100g and 7.3382mg/100g, separately. Keywords: apricot fruit, hot air drying, drying rate, nutrients, radio frequency

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Huang, Xiaoli, T. Li, S. N. Li, Z. H. Wu, and J. Xue. "Hot air drying combined vacuum-filling nitrogen drying of apple slices: Drying characteristics and nutrients." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7477.

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In this paper, hot air drying (HAD) was applied when moisture content of apple slices range from 50% to 86%, and then vacuum-filling nitrogen drying (VFND) was used till moisture content reaching 7%. Results showed that, the drying rate of apple slice during VFND period increased with temperature increment and decreased with increment of slice thickness; compared to freezing dried samples, samples dried in this research were owned lower Vc and higher flavonoid; when HAD (70℃,3.0m/s)+VFND(relative pressure 0.08MPa, 50℃) and thickness of 6.0mm, nutrients reached better levels: retentions of Vc, total phenolics and flavonoid were 1.63mg/100g, 4.07mg/100g and 2.10mg/100g, respectively. Keywords: apple slices, hot air drying, vacuum-filling nitrogen drying, drying rate, nutrients

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Song, Haofeng, Pinaki Ghosh, and Kishore Mohanty. "Transport of Polymers in Low Permeability Carbonate Rocks." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206024-ms.

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Abstract Polymer transport and retention affect oil recovery and economic feasibility of EOR processes. Most studies on polymer transport have focused on sandstones with permeabilities (k) higher than 200 mD. A limited number of studies were conducted in carbonates with k less than 100 mD and very few in the presence of residual oil. In this work, transport of four polymers with different molecular weights (MW) and functional groups are studied in Edwards Yellow outcrop cores (k<50 mD) with and without residual oil saturation (Sor). The retention of polymers was estimated by both the material balance method and the double-bank method. The polymer concentration was measured by both the total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer and the capillary tube rheology. Partially hydrolyzed acrylamide (HPAM) polymers exhibited high retention (> 150 μg/g), inaccessible pore volume (IPV) greater than 7%, and high residual resistance factor (>9). A sulfonated polyacrylamide (AN132), showed low retentions (< 20 μg/g) and low IPV. The residual resistance factor (RRF) of AN132 in the water-saturated rock was less than 2, indicating little blocking of pore throats in these tight rocks. The retention and RRF of the AN132 polymer increased in the presence of residual oil saturation due to partial blocking of the smaller pore throats available for polymer propagation in an oil-wet core.

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Reports on the topic "Retentionist"

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Hubbard, R. Glenn, and Peter Reiss. Corporate Payouts and the Tax Price of Corporate Retentions: Evidence from the Undistributed Profits Tax of 1936-1938. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3111.

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