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Journal articles on the topic 'Reticular density'
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Anyanwu, GE, and CA Agbor. "Correlation Between Oxidative Stress Generation, Reticular Fiber Density and Testicular Histomorphometric Parameters Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat." Journal of Bio-Science 29, no. 2 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v29i2.54949.
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The actual underlying mechanism of alterations in testicular histomorphometric parameters resulting from diabetes-induced oxidative stress is still not well understood because of the absence of supporting evidence from scientific experiments. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between serum oxidative stress markers with testicular histomorphometric parameters and reticular fiber density of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat. The experiment included twenty eight adult male rats sorted into four groups, Group A (Control), other animals were sorted into treatment groups based on their blood glucose levels after inducing diabetes with 65 mg/kg/bw of streptozotocin, Groups B (100 - 200 mmol/l), Group C (210 - 250 mmol/l), Group D (260 - 300 mmol/l). At termination, Serum superoxide dimutase (SOD), catalase and melondialdehyde where evaluated using reagent based antioxidant enzyme assay while reticulum stain kits was used to demonstrate for reticular fiber density. Histomorphometric measurements were carried out using ocular micrometer after calibration on a light microscope. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance with p<0.05 considered significant. Results reveal that the higher the blood glucose levels in diabetic animals, the higher the serum concentration of oxidative stress markers. Density of reticular fiber increased with increase in blood glucose levels, while tubular diameter and epithelial height decreased with increase in increase in hyperglycaemic levels. In conclusion, there was a progressive increase in reticular fiber density and decrease in tubular diameter and epithelial height as a consequence of increase oxidative stress generation in diabetic model. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 01-08, 2021 (December)
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Kuzyk, Gerald W., and Robert J. Hudson. "Rumen Papillae Morphology of Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, and White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, from East-central Alberta." Canadian Field-Naturalist 122, no. 2 (2008): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v122i2.582.
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Using hunter-harvested deer in the fall of 2003, we compared ruminal papillae density, length, width, surface enlargement factor (SEF) and reticular cell diameter between sympatric Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and White-tailed Deer (O. virginianus), and between age-gender classes within each species. There was no difference in papillae morphology or reticular cell diameter between Mule Deer and White-tailed does or bucks or between any age-gender comparisons within species. Female Mule Deer fawns had larger reticular cell diameters than White-tailed Deer fawns, and male Mule Deer fawns had higher papillae density and larger reticular cell diameters than male White-tailed Deer fawns. Papillae widths of male White-tailed Deer fawns were greater than those of male Mule Deer fawns. Comparisons of papillae morphology between Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer sampled during late fall suggests adults of these species may respond similarly to forage quality, but species differences may be evident in fawns.
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Ramos, R., V. Requena, F. Díaz, A. Villena, and I. Pérez de Vargas. "Evolution of neuronal density in the ageing thalamic reticular nucleus." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 83, no. 1 (1995): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(95)01617-9.
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Lukose, Binit, Agnieszka Kuc, Johannes Frenzel, and Thomas Heine. "On the reticular construction concept of covalent organic frameworks." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 1 (November 22, 2010): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.1.8.
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The concept of reticular chemistry is investigated to explore the applicability of the formation of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) from their defined individual building blocks. Thus, we have designed, optimized and investigated a set of reported and hypothetical 2D COFs using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the related Density Functional based tight-binding (DFTB) method. Linear, trigonal and hexagonal building blocks have been selected for designing hexagonal COF layers. High-symmetry AA and AB stackings are considered, as well as low-symmetry serrated and inclined stackings of the layers. The latter ones are only slightly modified compared to the high-symmetry forms, but show higher energetic stability. Experimental XRD patterns found in literature also support stackings with highest formation energies. All stacking forms vary in their interlayer separations and band gaps; however, their electronic densities of states (DOS) are similar and not significantly different from that of a monolayer. The band gaps are found to be in the range of 1.7–4.0 eV. COFs built of building blocks with a greater number of aromatic rings have smaller band gaps.
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Baghdoyan, H. A. "Location and quantification of muscarinic receptor subtypes in rat pons: implications for REM sleep generation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 3 (1997): R896—R904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.3.r896.
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Microinjecting cholinomimetics into the pontine reticular formation produces a state that resembles natural rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Evocation of this REM sleeplike states is anatomically site dependent within the pons and is mediated by muscarinic receptors. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cholinergic REM sleep generation and muscarinic receptor subtype involvement remain to be specified. This study tested the hypothesis that muscarinic receptor subtypes are differentially distributed within the oral and caudal divisions of rat pontine reticular nucleus. In vitro receptor autoradiography was used to localize and quantify M1, M2, and M3 binding sites in the pontine reticular formation and in pontine brain stem regions known to regulate REM sleep. M1-M3 binding sites were present in some REM sleep-related nuclei, such as dorsal raphe and locus ceruleus. The pontine reticular formation was found to have a homogeneous distribution of M2 binding sites across its rostral to caudal extent, indicating that anatomic specificity of cholinergic REM sleep induction cannot be accounted for by a differential density of muscarinic receptors.
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Hegedüs, Katalin, and Péter Molnár. "Histopathological study of major intracranial arteries in premature infants related to intracranial hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 62, no. 3 (1985): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.62.3.0419.
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✓ The incidence of various types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and the microscopic appearance of the major intracranial arteries were investigated in 112 premature infants, and related to birth weight. In none of the premature newborns, regardless of the presence of ICH, did the intracranial arteries contain true elastic elements. The wall of the basilar artery was significantly thinner in all premature infants with any kind of ICH. Within each body-weight group those with ICH had intracranial arteries with fewer reticular fibers than did those without ICH. The density of the reticular fibers in the cerebral arteries of premature neonates without ICH did not seem to depend on maturity. The authors believe that the hypoplasia of the major intracranial arteries and the reticular fiber deficiency most probably involve the whole vascular system of the brain and may predispose to hemorrhage.
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Kuleshov, Dmitrii A., and Igor E. Tyurin. "High-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A review." Consilium Medicum 24, no. 3 (2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2022.3.201522.
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Aim. Assess the detection of rare computed tomographic features and their combination to detect cases of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). A retrospective analysis of data from high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs was performed in 52 patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP), in whom the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by morphological examination of lung biopsy. The analysis of the identified changes was carried out by qualitative and quantitative methods. The study included signs common to non-fibrotic and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis of HP, including ground glass symptom, mosaic density, centrilobular lesions, and emphysema. Separately, features related to pulmonary fibrosis in fHP, such as reticular changes, traction bronchiectasis, and honeycombing, were analyzed. In addition, the distribution parameters of these signs were determined separately in the cranio-caudal direction and in the axial plane. To search for combinations of tomographic features that are significant in the diagnosis, a correlation analysis of the identified changes was carried out.
 Materials and methods. The revealed CT-signs of fHP in most cases correspond to the clinical recommendations for the diagnosis of HP. However, in fHP, signs were found with a high frequency that did not correspond to the typical picture of HP, in particular, the "ground glass" symptom. On the contrary, a relatively low percentage of occurrence was observed in relation to centrilobular lesions and "mosaic density", which were also an important part of the typical HP pattern. Emphysema, which is not included in any of the HP patterns, was noted with a relatively high frequency, and in some cases was combined with the "honeycomb lung" symptom. The greatest strength of the correlation was found in such combinations of signs as "frosted glass" + reticular changes; "frosted glass" + "mosaic density"; reticular changes + "mosaic density"; emphysema + centrilobular foci, as well as reticular changes + bronchiectasis. These combinations occurred with a relatively high frequency among the examined patients.
 Results. Most of the identified changes correspond to current recommendations for the diagnosis of HP. A weak correlation between the signs does not allow us to identify combinations of signs with sufficient reliability that can help in the early diagnosis of HP.
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Manger, Paul R., and Oxana Eschenko. "The Mammalian Locus Coeruleus Complex—Consistencies and Variances in Nuclear Organization." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111486.
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Descriptions of the nuclear parcellation of the locus coeruleus complex have been provided in approximately 80 mammal species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of this class. Within the mammalian rostral hindbrain, noradrenergic neurons (revealed with tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-ß-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry) have been observed within the periventricular grey matter (A4 and A6 nuclei) and parvicellular reticular nucleus (A5 and A7 nuclei), with the one exception to date being the tree pangolin, where no A4/A6 neurons are observed. The alphanumeric nomenclature system, developed in laboratory rodent brains, has been adapted to cover the variation observed across species. Cross-species homology is observed regarding the nuclear organization of noradrenergic neurons located in the parvicellular reticular nucleus (A5 and A7). In contrast, significant variations are observed in the organization of the A6 neurons of the locus coeruleus proper. In most mammals, the A6 is comprised of a moderate density of neurons, but in Murid rodents, primates, and megachiropteran bats, the A6 exhibits a very high density of neurons. In primates and megachiropterans, there is an additional moderate density of A6 neurons located rostromedial to the high-density portion. These variations are of importance in understanding the translation of findings in laboratory rodents to humans.
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Heinrich, Ulf-Rüdiger, Regina Meuser, Benjamin Philipp Ernst, et al. "Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Reticular Lamina of the Organ of Corti by a Nitric Oxide Donor." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 69, no. 11 (2021): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/00221554211054642.
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In the vertebrate cochlea, the reticular lamina seals the organ of Corti against the endolymph filled scala media. After noise exposure, fast alterations in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression level were identified in this cochlear structure. Minor amounts of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS or applied by NO donors such as S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) might protect this vulnerable part of the organ of Corti, on the line of gap junctions of supporting cells and cochlear microcirculation. In n=5 anesthetized guinea pigs, SNAP was intravenously applied in two concentrations. Six untreated animals served as controls. The cochleae were removed and prepared for immunoelectron microscopy using specific gold-labeled anti-eNOS antibodies. The density of the gold particles was quantified for seven cellular regions in the reticular lamina at the ultrastructural level. Following SNAP application, a significant increase in eNOS expression (+176%) was detected compared with controls ( p=0.012). The increase occurred mainly in actin-rich cuticular structures and the prominent microtubules bundles. Correlation analysis revealed three clear and five moderate cellular associations for controls, whereas only one clear and one moderate after SNAP application. Thus, application of the NO donor SNAP resulted in an increase in eNOS expression in distinct regions of the reticular lamina:
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OWEN, Mark R., Clark C. CORSTORPHINE, and Victor A. ZAMMIT. "Overt and latent activities of diacylglycerol acytransferase in rat liver microsomes: possible roles in very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol secretion." Biochemical Journal 323, no. 1 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3230017.
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The possibility that triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis occurs on both aspects of the endoplasmic-reticular membrane during the process of incorporation of TAG into secreted very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) [Zammit (1996) Biochem. J. 314, 1-14] was investigated by measuring the latency of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in microsomal fractions obtained from rat liver homogenates. Permeabilization of microsomes with taurocholate resulted in the doubling of the activity, indicating that DGAT activities of approximately equal magnitude occur on either aspect of the microsomal membrane. The taurocholate concentrations required for exposure of the latent activity of DGAT were identical with those that resulted in the exposure of marker enzymes for the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Fractionation of the microsomes into smooth and rough populations indicated that the distribution of overt and latent DGAT activities was the same throughout. The possibility that taurocholate effects may result from non-specific activation of the overt enzyme was excluded by employing the channel-forming peptide alamethicin to effect permeabilization, and by varying the mode of delivery of diacylglycerol substrate to the microsomal membranes. Permeabilization using alamethicin gave a slightly higher latent/overt ratio for DGAT. The possible roles of overt and latent DGAT activities in the synthesis and secretion of TAG by the liver are discussed.
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Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Alessandro Rabiolo, Riccardo Sacconi, et al. "Retinal vascular alterations in reticular pseudodrusen with and without outer retinal atrophy assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 9 (2018): 1192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311317.
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PurposeTo investigate the intraretinal structural and vascular alterations in patients featuring reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), RPD with outer retinal atrophy (ORA), and drusen.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.MethodsClinical practice study including 68 eyes of 57 patients (22 eyes of 17 patients with RPD; 24 eyes of 21 patients with RPD+ORA; 22 eyes of 19 patients with drusen). Each patient underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A). Measurement of retinal layers’ thickness was obtained by the automated segmentation protocol of the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Eye Explorer V.1.9.10.0). The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density, as well as the size of the foveal avascular zone were calculated on 3×3 OCT-A. Main outcome was to compare vessel density at the SCP and DCP among the groups and controls.ResultsAt the SCP, the vessel density was lower in RPD and RPD+ORA patients with respect to controls (P=0.02 and P=0.003, respectively). At the DCP, meaningful disparity was found between the study groups and the healthy subjects in the vessel density (P<0.001, P=0.04 and P=0.001 for RPD, RDP+ORA and drusen, respectively). The ganglion cell layer (GCL) was thinner in all patients affected either by RPD, RPD+ORA or drusen compared with healthy subjects (P=0.02, P=0.03 and P=0.004, respectively).ConclusionSignificant retinal vascular loss is a common feature of patients with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, more pronounced in those featuring RPD and RPD+ORA. It is associated with retinal thinning, localised particularly at the GCL, compared with controls.
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Francisco, Jairo Silva, Heleno Pinto de Moraes, and Eliane Pedra Dias. "Evaluation of the Image-Pro Plus 4.5 software for automatic counting of labeled nuclei by PCNA immunohistochemistry." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 2 (2004): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000200002.
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The objective of this study was to create and evaluate a routine (macro) using Image-Pro Plus 4.5 software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, USA) for automatic counting of labeled nuclei by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. A total of 154 digital color images were obtained from eleven sections of reticular oral lichen planus stained by PCNA immunohistochemistry. Mean density (gray-level), red density, green density, blue density, area, minor axis, perimeter rate and roundness were parameters used for PCNA labeled nuclei discrimination, followed by their outlined presentation and counting in each image by the macro. Mean density and area thresholds were automatically defined based, respectively, on mean density and mean area of PCNA labeled nuclei in the assessed image. The reference method consisted in visual counting of manually outlined labeled nuclei. Statistical analysis of macro results versus reference countings showed a very significant correlation (r s = 0.964, p < 0.001) for general results and a high level (89.8 ± 3.8%) of correctly counted labeled nuclei. We conclude that the main parameters associated with a high correlation between macro and reference results were mean density (gray-level) and area thresholds based on image profiles; and that Image-Pro Plus 4.5 using a routine with automatic definition of mean density and area thresholds can be considered a valid alternative to visual counting of PCNA labeled nuclei.
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Snopenko, O. S., O. P. Timoshenko, A. Y. Ulyanitskaya, D. V. Kibkalo, N. O. Kravchenko, and G. A. Papeta. "Morphological characteristics of the skin and hair of clinically healthy dogs and cats." Veterinary science, technologies of animal husbandry and nature management, no. 6 (2020): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31890/vttp.2020.06.14.
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The article describes the histological characteristics of the skin of clinically healthy domestic dogs and cats, presents morphometric data on the thickness of the skin, layers of the epidermis, the area of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles; describes sexual and seasonal skin replacements in domestic dogs and cats, common in the east of Ukraine. The material for research is the skin of clinically healthy dogs and cats. Research method is histological. Punch-biopsy of skin fragments was performed in animals on the right from the middle of the lateral surface of the back. Fragments of skin after fixation in 10 % neutral formalin were examined by paraffin, followed by staining of slides with hematoxylin-eosin and by gelatin impregnation, staining with Sudan II, hematoxylin of Karachi. In horizontal and vertical skin sections, the following was investigated: the thickness of the epidermis, papillary and reticular layers, the length and width of the sweat and sebaceous glands, follicle of the hair, the location of hair bundles and the ratio of secondary follicles to primary ones. The histological characteristics of skin and derivatives in dogs and cats have been established. The information obtained from morphometric histostudies indicates significant fluctuations in the values in cats depending on the season; the difference in skin thickness in winter and summer reached 1407 μM and had the same parameters in females and males. The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis correlated with the total skin thickness as 53.9 and 60.3 % in winter and 45.4 and 38.7% in summer, respectively. Epidermal seasonal changes were less significant. The papillary layer of the skin of the domestic cat was more developed than the reticular layer, in contrast to the dogs. The area of the basal sebaceous glands in cats averaged 0.05 mm2 in summer and 0.013 mm2 in winter. In domestic dogs, skin thickness and hair density did not depend on seasonal changes, but on the sex of the animals; in females, the skin was on average 496 + 183 microns thick, and the density was not significantly higher than in males. The area of the sebaceous glands averaged 0,020 mm2 in dog, in cats 0.013 mm2 in summer and in winter – 0.05 mm2.
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Zykova, Tatyana, Mariya Maltseva, Fedor Goncharov, et al. "The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the Drosophila melanogaster Line with the Rif11; SuURES Su(var)3-906 Mutations Suppressing Underreplication." Cells 10, no. 11 (2021): 2809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112809.
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Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with the use of a newly synthesized Drosophila line that carries three mutations, Rif11, SuURES and Su(var)3-906, suppressing the underreplication of heterochromatic regions, we obtained their fullest representation in polytene chromosomes and described their structure; (ii) 20 DNA fragments with known positions on the physical map as well as molecular genetic features of the genome (gene density, histone marks, heterochromatin proteins, origin recognition complex proteins, replication timing sites and satellite DNAs) were mapped in the newly polytenized heterochromatin using FISH and bioinformatics data. The borders of the heterochromatic regions and variations in their positions on arm 3L have been determined for the first time. The newly polytenized heterochromatic material exhibits two main types of morphology: a banding pattern (locations of genes and short satellites) and reticular chromatin (locations of large blocks of satellite DNA). The locations of the banding and reticular polytene heterochromatin was determined on the physical map.
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Zhou, Yue, and Haibo Wu. "Evaluation of volcanic gas reservoir in Yingcheng formation of Block Shengshen2-1 of Northern Part of Songliao Basin." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803033.
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According to the thin sections of volcanic rocks, chemical composition analysis and log interpretation, and well data, it is determined that the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation in Shengshen 2-1 block are mainly intermediate-acid volcanic lava and pyroclastic rocks. Through physical analysis of core samples, it is considered that Shengshen 2-1 block belongs to low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir. Microfracture-fracture is relatively developed in the compact section, and fracture is not developed in the porous section. Microfracture and reticular fracture can be seen in the thin section. Statistical analysis of porosity and density of volcanic reservoir shows that volcanic rock density below 2.53 can be used as reservoir. According to the relationship between reservoir space and gas content, the characteristics of volcanic lithology, lithofacies and reservoir space, the reservoir in this block can be divided into four types.
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Al-Omari, Abdulhadi, Zain Yamani, and Ha Nguyen. "Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: From Homogeneous Catalysts to Heterogeneous-Based Reticular Chemistry." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112835.
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CO2, emitted mainly from fossil fuel combustion, is one of the major greenhouse gases. CO2 could be converted into more valuable chemical feedstocks including CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, or CH4. To reduce CO2, catalysts were designed and their unique characteristics were utilized based on types of reaction processes, including catalytic hydrogenation, complex metal hydrides, photocatalysis, biological reduction, and electrochemical reduction. Indeed, the electroreduction method has received much consideration lately due to the simple operation, as well as environmentally friendly procedures that need to be optimized by both of the catalysts and the electrochemical process. In the past few decades, we have witnessed an explosion in development in materials science—especially in regards to the porous crystalline materials based on the strong covalent bond of the organic linkers containing light elements (Covalent organic frameworks, COFs), as well as the hybrid materials that possess organic backbones and inorganic metal-oxo clusters (Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs). Owing to the large surface area and high active site density that belong to these tailorable structures, MOFs and COFs can be applied to many practical applications, such as gas storage and separation, drug release, sensing, and catalysis. Beyond those applications, which have been abundantly studied since the 1990s, CO2 reduction catalyzed by reticular and extended structures of MOFs or COFs has been more recently turned to the next step of state-of-the-art application. In this perspective, we highlight the achievement of homogeneous catalysts used for CO2 electrochemical conversion and contrast it with the advances in new porous catalyst-based reticular chemistry. We then discuss the role of new catalytic systems designed in light of reticular chemistry in the heterogeneous-catalyzed reduction of CO2.
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Costa, Waldemar S., Arlindo M. de Carvalho, Marcio A. Babinski, Maurício A. Chagas, and Francisco J. B. Sampaio. "Volumetric density of elastic and reticular fibers in transition zone of controls and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia." Urology 64, no. 4 (2004): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.05.017.
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Lenz, A. C., and M. J. Melchin. "Silurian retiolitids from the Cape Phillips Formation, Arctic Islands, Canada." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 35 (June 1, 1987): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1986-35-17.
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Isolated retiolitids recovered from limestone concretions in the Cape Phillips Formation include Pseudoplegmatograptus obesus obesus, Pseudoretiolites cf. decurtatus, Retiolites geinitzianus densireticulatus, Stomatograptus grandis grandis, S. grandis imperfectus, S. sp., Paraplectograptus eiseli, P. praemacilentus, P. sp. A, Plectograptus (Sokolovograptus) textor, Gothograptus eisenacki and Holoretiolites simplex. Plectograptus? textor is assigned to Plectograptus (Sokolovograptus), the definition of Paraplectograptus is expanded to include morphs with a weak reticulum, and we show that reticular development and density is highly variable within these genera. Retiolites may occasionally retain a partially to well developed prosicula; Stomatograptus and Pseudoplegmatograptus have a consistently well developed prosicula; and Pseudoretio/ites possesses a well developed prosicula and, rarely, a metasicula. A sicula has not been seen in either Plectograptus (Sokolovograptus) or Paraplectograptus. Surface sculpture is consistent within the subfamilies Retiolitinae and Plectograptinae, and serves to distinguish them. Age ranges of taxa recovered in this study are as follows. Pseudoretiolites: triangulatus/magnus to turriculatus zones; Pseudoplegmatograptus: turriculatus Zone; Stomatograptus spp.: spiralis to testis zones; Retiolites densireticulatus: spiralis to testis zones; Plectograptus (Sokolovograptus) textor: turriculatus to nassa wnes; Paraplectograptus spp.: tulliculatus to nassa zones; Gothograptus eisenacki: nassa Zone; Holoretiolites: nilssoni Zone.
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Yun, Chang-Seok, Joo Seong Sohn, and Sung Woon Cha. "Shape-Memory-Recovery Characteristics of Microcellular Foamed Thermoplastic Polyurethane." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020351.
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We investigated the shape-recovery characteristics of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a microcellular foaming process (MCP). Additionally, we investigated the correlation between changes in the microstructure and the shape-recovery characteristics of the polymers. TPU was selected as the base material, and the shape-recovery characteristics were confirmed using a universal testing machine, by manufacturing dog-bone-type injection-molded specimens. TPUs are reticular polymers with both soft and hard segments. In this study, we investigated the shape-memory mechanism of foamed polymers by maximizing the shape-memory properties of these polymers through a physical foaming process. Toward this end, TPU specimens were prepared by varying the gas pressure, foaming temperature, and type of foaming gas in the batch MCP. The effects of internal structural changes were investigated. These experimental variables affected the microstructure and shape-recovery characteristics of the foamed polymer. The generated cell density changed, which affected the shape-recovery characteristics. In general, a higher cell density corresponded to a higher shape-recovery ratio.
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Weston, RH. "Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 15. Voluntary feed consumption and digestion in lambs fed chopped roughage diets varying in quality." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890643.
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Feed intake and digestion transactions for diets based on wheaten straw and mature ryegrass diets, both supplemented to provide additional essential nutrients, were compared with those for lucerne hay and high quality forage oats diets in lambs weighing c. 24 kg. The data obtained and comparable published data were used to examine relationships between a range of variables. Decrease in roughage quality, as evidenced by decrease in digestible organic matter (OM) intake, was accompanied by increase in (i) times spent eating, ruminating and chewing rumination boluses, (ii) the quantities of digesta or digesta OM in the reticula-rumen and omasum. It was not associated with increase in the large particle content of rumen or omasum digesta. Over the range of diets, close direct relations were demonstrated between (i) ruminating time and the amount of digesta in the reticulo-rumen, (ii) the amounts of digesta in the reticulo-rumen and omasum, (iii) the OM concentrations in rumen and reticulum digesta, (iv) the OM concentrations in reticulum and omasum digesta, (v) the OM concentration of reticulum digesta and of digesta flowing to the omasum, and (vi) the increase in OM concentration from reticulum to omasum digesta and OM concentration of reticulum digesta. Reticulum digesta were of finer texture than rumen digesta, and the bulk density of digesta particle fractions varied between diets, and sometimes between rumen and large intestine digesta. With a straw-based diet, relative to lucerne hay, small particles ( <600 �m sieve) were cleared more slowly from the reticula-rumen, associated with a larger reticulo-rumen particle pool. The data are discussed in relation to (i) the flow of digesta through the alimentary tract and (ii) the regulation of roughage intake. They were considered to be consistent with a concept that energy metabolism and digesta load in the reticulo-rumen interact in the regulation of roughage intake.
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Fukushima, Hiroko, Masahiko Ohsawa, Yoshihiro Ikura, et al. "Mast Cells in the Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Their Role for Fibrosis." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.997.997.
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Abstract Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in tissue remodeling in inflammation. According to content of tryptase and chymase, MC is divided into two phenotypes; MCTC phenotype contains tryptase and chymase, while MCT phenotype contains only tryptase. Recent studies have revealed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the maturation of MCs and the development of MCTC phenotype from MCT phenotype. Although MCs infiltration into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been reported, MC phenotypes infiltrating into lymphomas remain unknown. We examined MC phenotype infiltrating into lymph nodes in 50 DLBCL and 20 reactive lymph nodes, and evaluated their association with fibrosis. We also evaluated IL-4-expressing cells in DLBCL. Reviewing hematoxylin-eosin stain and Azan-Mallory stain, 50 cases with DLBCL were divided into 3 groups; no fibrosis type in 32, reticular type in 8, showing fine reticular fibrosis in focal areas, and bundle type in 10, showing thick collagenous bundle through the parenchyma. Using these formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, immunohistochemistry for tryptase and chymase was performed. Furthermore, immunodouble staining methods were performed to detect the MC phenotypes and the cells that express IL-4 in DLBCL, using frozen sections. Tryptase-positive, and chymase-positive MCs were found in all groups of DLBCL and density of tryptase-positive MCs were higher than that of chymase-positive MCs. Densities of trytase-positive, and chymase-positive MCs in fibrotic areas were significantly higher than those in the areas without fibrosis (reticular type; 12.681 ± 11.307 / mm2 vs. 2.082 ± 2.260 / mm2, p = 0.018, bundle type; 22.407 ± 11.989 / mm2 vs. 1.319 ± 1.937 /mm2, p = 0.005, in tryptase-positive MCs, reticular type; 4.758 ± 5.468 / mm2 vs. 0.440 ± 1.164 / mm2, p = 0.028, bundle type; 4.114 ± 5.216 / mm2 vs. 0.220 ± 0.374 / mm2, p = 0.008; in chymase-positive MCs). Numbers of tryptase-positive MCs in reactive lymph nodes were not different from those in no fibrosis type of DLBCL. There were few chymase-positive MCs in reactive lymph nodes. Immunodouble staining revealed that MCs in DLBCL comprised MCT and MCTC phenotypes. Chymase-positive MCs and T-lymphocytes expressed IL-4. These findings suggest that T-lymphcytes play a role in the development of MCTC phenotype from MCT phenotype in DLBCL and that tryptase-positive MCs and chymase-positive MCs are associated with the development of fibrosis in DLBCL.
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Yan, Yi-Jun, Dong-Mei Cui, and James C. Lynch. "Overlap of Saccadic and Pursuit Eye Movement Systems in the Brain Stem Reticular Formation." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (2001): 3056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.3056.
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Recent physiological studies have suggested that there are several sites of interaction between the neural pathways that control saccadic eye movements and those that control visual pursuit movements. To address the question of saccade/pursuit interaction from a neuroanatomical point of view, we have studied the connections from the smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions of the frontal eye field (FEFsem and FEFsac, respectively) to the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) in four Cebus apella monkeys. The riMLF has traditionally been considered to be a premotor center for vertical saccadic eye movements on the basis of single neuron recording experiments, microstimulation experiments, and surgical or chemical lesion experiments. We localized the functional subregions of the FEF with the use of low-threshold (≤50 μA) intracortical microstimulation. Biotinylated dextran amine or lectin from triticum vulgaris (wheat germ), peroxidase labeled, was placed into these functionally defined subregions to label anterogradely the terminals of axons that originated in the FEF. Our results demonstrate that both the FEFsem and FEFsac send direct projections to the ipsilateral riMLF. The distribution and density of labeling from the FEFsem are comparable to those from the FEFsac. The direct FEFsem-to-riMLF projection suggests a possible role of the riMLF in smooth pursuit eye movements and supports the hypothesis that there is interaction between the saccadic and pursuit subsystems at the brain stem level.
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Knudsen, Gitte Moos, Ulrich Göbel, Olaf B. Paulson, and Wolfgang Kuschinsky. "Regional Density of Perfused Capillaries and Cerebral Blood Flow in Untreated Short-Term and Long-Term Streptozotocin Diabetes." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 11, no. 3 (1991): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1991.75.
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The regional density of perfused cerebral capillaries (rDPC) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured in 12 selected brain regions in rats after 3 and 20 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in control groups. After 3 weeks of diabetes, both rCBF and rDPC were unchanged in the diabetic group compared to the control group. A diabetes duration of 20 weeks causing bilateral cataracts induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in rCBF in two structures in the visual system compared to the control group (visual cortex: 105 versus 129 ml 100 g−1 min−1; lateral geniculate body: 106 versus 128 ml 100 g−1 min−1) and in the pontine reticular nucleus (82 versus 128 ml 100 g−1 min−1), whereas rDPC remained unchanged. A highly significant correlation between rCBF and rDPC was found in both control groups ( r = 0.8, p < 0.005) whereas the correlation was more scattered in the diabetic groups ( r = 0.6, p < 0.05). The present results show that during chronic diabetes, a reduction of rCBF does not affect the number of perfused capillaries.
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Trzaskos, James M., and William L. Meyer. "Multicompartmental distribution of ribonuclease II in mouse liver." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 65, no. 1 (1987): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o87-011.
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Thirty percent of RNase II (EC 3.1.27.5) is present in the cytosol of mouse liver where it exists in an inactive complex with a protein inhibitor. The remaining 70% of RNase II is active, soluble enzyme unassociated with inhibitor and is distributed in a ratio of 1.3 to 1 between the lumen of reticular elements and the interior of heavy particles. Although heavy particle RNase II resembles acid hydrolases in centrifugal behavior, in other tests including density shift experiments the resemblance is incomplete. In experiments employing lysis induced by L-amino acid methyl esters, RNase II activity is much more latent than the activity of the lysosomal marker, acid RNase. It is postulated that the heavy particle component of RNase II is contained in a secretory vesicle rather than in classic lysosomes.
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An, J., J. Chen, G. Gou, H. Chen, and W. Wang. "Prediction of corrosion fatigue crack initiation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy welded joints." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (2017): 1744034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440349.
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Through investigating the corrosion fatigue crack initiation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy welded joints in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, corrosion fatigue crack initiation life is formulated as [Formula: see text] and the mechanism of corrosion fatigue crack initiation is proposed. SEM and TEM tests revealed that several corrosion fatigue cracks formed asynchronously and the first crack does not necessarily develop into the leading crack. The uneven reticular dislocations produced by fatigue loading are prone to piling up and tangling near the grain boundaries or the second phases and form the “high dislocation-density region” (HDDR), which acts as an anode in microbatteries and dissolved to form small crack. Thus the etching pits, HDDR near the grain boundaries and second phases are confirmed as the main causes inducing the initiation of fatigue crack.
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Sands, Sandra S., William D. Meek, Jun Hayashi, and Robert J. Ketchum. "Medium Calcium Concentration Determines Keratin Intermediate Filament Density and Distribution in Immortalized Cultured Thymic Epithelial Cells (TECs)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, no. 4 (2005): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605050282.
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Isolation and culture of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) using conventional primary tissue culture techniques under conditions employing supplemented low calcium medium yielded an immortalized cell line derived from the LDA rat (Lewis [Rt1l] cross DA [Rt1a]) that could be manipulated in vitro. Thymi were harvested from 4–5-day-old neonates, enzymically digested using collagenase (1 mg/ml, 37°C, 1 h) and cultured in low calcium WAJC404A medium containing cholera toxin (20 ng/ml), dexamethasone (10 nM), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml), insulin (10 μg/ml), transferrin (10 μg/ml), 2% calf serum, 2.5% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic. TECs cultured in low calcium displayed round to spindle-shaped morphology, distinct intercellular spaces (even at confluence), and dense reticular-like keratin patterns. In high calcium (0.188 mM), TECs formed cobblestone-like confluent monolayers that were resistant to trypsinization (0.05%) and displayed keratin intermediate filaments concentrated at desmosomal junctions between contiguous cells. Changes in cultured TEC morphology were quantified by an analysis of desmosome/membrane relationships in high and low calcium media. Desmosomes were significantly increased in the high calcium medium. These studies may have value when considering the growth conditions of cultured primary cell lines like TECs.
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Su, C. H., and C. H. Huang. "Impact of Substrate Outgassing on the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Using the Single-Pulse Discharge Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8373891.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated in air using the electrical discharge machining method. The main parameters for this process were substrate temperature, peak current (Ip), and pulse duration (τ). The substrate was baked at 50°C and this temperature was maintained for 12 h under vacuum chamber; it was then cooled to room temperature and stored in vacuum for outgassing. During single-pulse discharge in air, the substrate was heated from room temperature to the test temperatures (50 and 70°C). The results indicated that the length, density, and purity of CNTs grown on outgassed substrates were better than those of CNTs grown without outgassing. Additionally, CNTs grown withIp= 3 A andτ= 1200 μs were of better quality than those grown with other combinations of parameters. The size of the discharge pit was effectively reduced by 30% (80 μm). This finding may help in controlling the amount of peak current used during the process, thereby reducing the problems of heat-affected zones and electrode consumption. Consequently, there was substantial improvement in the zonal selectivity and reticular density of the CNTs grown using the single-pulse discharge method.
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Swanson, Larry W., Olaf Sporns, and Joel D. Hahn. "The network organization of rat intrathalamic macroconnections and a comparison with other forebrain divisions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (2019): 13661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905961116.
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The thalamus is 1 of 4 major divisions of the forebrain and is usually subdivided into epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus. The 39 gray matter regions comprising the large dorsal thalamus project topographically to the cerebral cortex, whereas the much smaller epithalamus (2 regions) and ventral thalamus (5 regions) characteristically project subcortically. Before analyzing extrinsic inputs and outputs of the thalamus, here, the intrinsic connections among all 46 gray matter regions of the rat thalamus on each side of the brain were expertly collated and subjected to network analysis. Experimental axonal pathway-tracing evidence was found in the neuroanatomical literature for the presence or absence of 99% of 2,070 possible ipsilateral connections and 97% of 2,116 possible contralateral connections; the connection density of ipsilateral connections was 17%, and that of contralateral connections 5%. One hub, the reticular thalamic nucleus (of the ventral thalamus), was found in this network, whereas no high-degree rich club or clear small-world features were detected. The reticular thalamic nucleus was found to be primarily responsible for conferring the property of complete connectedness to the intrathalamic network in the sense that there is, at least, one path of finite length between any 2 regions or nodes in the network. Direct comparison with previous investigations using the same methodology shows that each division of the forebrain (cerebral cortex, cerebral nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus) has distinct intrinsic network topological organization. A future goal is to analyze the network organization of connections within and among these 4 divisions of the forebrain.
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Trophymov, P. N., O. V. Antonova, V. R. Khairutdinov, I. E. Belousova, and A. V. Samtsov. "Pathomorphological changes in patients with Jessner>s lymphocytic infiltrate of skin, reticular erythematous mucinosis and lupus tumidus." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 91, no. 6 (2015): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-6-41-49.
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Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of skin, reticular erythematous mucinosis and lupus tumidus are the group of rare, insufficiently explored dermatosis with common clinical and histological features, whose nosology is controversial today. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play the key role in autoimmune disease induction The target of our study was the analysis of pathomorphological features of lesional skin and the research of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the skin of patients with Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of skin, reticular erythematous mucinosis and lupus tumidus. Material and methods. Histological and indirect immunohistochemistry examination (anti-CD123 antibodies) of lesional skin of 36 patients was held (JLIS - 12, REM - 10, LT - 14) and 10 healthy people. Result. The main pathomorphological changes of skin in all groups were found in dermis: dense perivascular and perifollicular infiltration and deposit of mucin between collagen fibers. Deposits of mucin in papillary dermis were found between patients with JLIS, REM and LT in 10/12 (83%), 7/10 (70%) and 12/14 (86%) of cases, there were no mucin found in skin of healthy people 0/10 (0%) In all dermatosis the distribution of CD123 cells in lesional skin, in immunohistochemistry study, was corresponded clusters model of infiltrate - plasmacytoid DC concentrate in groups around vessels of superficial and profundus networks and perivascular. The comparative analysis of density and localization of perivascular infiltration, number of CD123-cells and their correspondence in dermis perivascular infiltrates didn’t reveal statistically significant differences between JLIS, REM and LT. Results. Our results allow us to consider JLIS and LT as identical decease, and REM as similar in clinical-pathomorphological features dermatosis.
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Li, Jundan, Dongni Zhao, Jiangqun Liu, Anan Liu, and Dongge Ma. "Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Promising Materials Platform for Photocatalytic CO2 Reductions." Molecules 25, no. 10 (2020): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102425.
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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a kind of porous crystalline polymeric material. They are constructed by organic module units connected with strong covalent bonds extending in two or three dimensions. COFs possess the advantages of low-density, large specific surface area, high thermal stability, developed pore-structure, long-range order, good crystallinity, and the excellent tunability of the monomer units and the linking reticular chemistry. These features endowed COFs with the ability to be applied in a plethora of applications, ranging from adsorption and separation, sensing, catalysis, optoelectronics, energy storage, mass transport, etc. In this paper, we will review the recent progress of COFs materials applied in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The state-of-the-art paragon examples and the current challenges will be discussed in detail. The future direction in this research field will be finally outlooked.
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Li, Lei, Yuantong Bi, Chunyan Ban, et al. "A Crystallographic Study on the Growth of Partially Faceted MnSn2 Phase during Solidification Process." Crystals 8, no. 10 (2018): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8100380.
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The growth of MnSn2 phase during the solidification process of Sn-Mn alloy was crystallographically investigated. The results show that the non-faced spherical caps of the MnSn2 crystals follow the continuous growth mechanism to grow rapidly along the <001> direction, while the side surfaces the two-dimensional nucleation mechanism to form the low index {100} and {110} facets. An interface structure analysis indicates that the atom planes within the {100} interplanar spacing period (IPSP) has a lower average reticular density than those within the {011} IPSP. This leads to the faster growth rates and thus the shortening and disappearance of the {100} side facets. As a consequence, the partially faceted (i.e., non-faceted spherical caps and faceted side surfaces) MnSn2 crystals follow an octagonal-base/spherical-cap geometric model (few crystals possess square bases) in three dimensions.
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WOLFRAM-GABEL, R., and H. SICK. "Vascular Networks of the Periphery of the Fingernail." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 4 (1995): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80159-7.
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The vascular networks of the periphery of the fingernail have been studied on fingers of adults, foetuses and neonates, by injecting the vascular system with gelatinous Indian ink. The nail is an avascular structure, partially covered by the nail wall. It is lying on the nail bed which is prolonged forwards with the hyponychium. Each part of the nail apparatus presents a characteristic vascular network derived from dorsal collaterals arising from the palmar digital vessels and from their arcades. These networks are papillary, pseudopapillary, reticular and subdermal. Their morphology and density vary according to their localization and correspond with histological variations of the different parts of the nail apparatus. Thus, the germinal part of the nail bed shows poor vascularization. It is responsible for the colour of the lunula. The sterile part and the hyponychium have dense vascular networks with glomus bodies.
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Kröger, Marius, Johannes Schleusener, Sora Jung, and Maxim E. Darvin. "Characterization of Collagen I Fiber Thickness, Density, and Orientation in the Human Skin In Vivo Using Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging." Photonics 8, no. 9 (2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090404.
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The assessment of dermal alterations is necessary to monitor skin aging, cancer, and other skin diseases and alterations. The gold standard of morphologic diagnostics is still histopathology. Here, we proposed parameters to distinguish morphologically different collagen I structures in the extracellular matrix and to characterize varying collagen I structures in the skin with similar SAAID (SHG-to-AF Aging Index of Dermis, SHG—second-harmonic generation; AF—autofluorescence) values. Test datasets for the papillary and reticular extracellular matrix from images in 24 female subjects, 36 to 50 years of age, were generated. Parameters for SAAID, edge detection, and fast Fourier transformation directionality were determined. Additionally, textural analyses based on the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were conducted. At first, changes in the GLCM parameters were determined in the native greyscale images and, furthermore, in the Hilbert-transformed images. Our results demonstrate a robust set of parameters for noninvasive in vivo classification for morphologically different collagen I structures in the skin, with similar and different SAAID values. We anticipate our method to enable an automated prevention and monitoring system with an age- and gender-specific algorithm.
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Hoang, Hieu T., Ha L. Nguyen, Thang B. Phan, et al. "From Reticular Chemistry Design to Density Functional Theory Modeling for New Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Topologies: Mechanical Stability, Electronic Structure, and CO2 Selectivity." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 41 (2018): 23543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07159.
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Lin, Na, Hanning Chen, Xiaokang Mei, Shitong Chai, and Longsheng Lu. "A Carbon Composite Film with Three-Dimensional Reticular Structure for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electro-Photo-Thermal Conversion." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092423.
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The design of flexible wearable electronic devices that can shield electromagnetic waves and work in all weather conditions remains a challenge. We present in this work a low-cost technology to prepare an ultra-thin carbon fabric–graphene (CFG) composite film with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and electro-photo-thermal effect. The compatibility between flexible carbon fabric skeleton and brittle pure graphene matrix empowers this CFG film with adequate flexibility. The reticular fibers and porous structures play a vital role in multiple scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves. In the frequency range of 30–1500 MHz, the CFG film can achieve a significantly high EMI SE of about 46 dB at tiny thickness (0.182 mm) and density (1.4 g cm−3) predominantly by absorption. At low safe voltages or only in sunlight, the film can self-heat to its saturation value rapidly in 40 s. Once the electricity or light supply is stopped, it can quickly dissipate heat in tens of seconds. A combination of the EMI SE and the prominent electro-photo-thermal effect further enables such a remarkable EMI shielding film to have more potential applications for communication devices in extreme zones.
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Tian, Qing Hua, Xue Yi Guo, Ping Xue, Yu Song, and Lian Duan. "Electro-Deposition for Foamed Zinc Material from Zinc Sulfate Solution." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1669.
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It is very possible for the foam zinc materials to take the place of zinc powder and become a new ideal material of electrode for zinc-air battery, because of its excellent three dimensional reticulated structure, high porosity, high specific surface area and uniform quality, and was widely used in many other fields. A novel method for preparing very porous zinc foam was proposed, in which the polyurethane foam as substrate was processed by degreasing process, roughening process, activation, electroless plating and zinc electrodeposition. Then, experiments were carried out to explore the effects of the solution composition（concentration of ZnSO4）and the operation conditions （such as the interelectrode distance; current density, temperature, pH value of electroplating solution and so on) on the morphology of the foam zinc and the current efficiency. The optimum experimental conditions were determined by optimizing the factors. On these conditions the foam zinc presents a three-dimensional reticular structure with high porosity, and uniformity, and the outward appearance of the coating is bright.
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Marqués-Sánchez, Pilar, Isaías García-Rodríguez, José Alberto Benítez-Andrades, Iván Fulgueiras-Carril, Patricia Fernández-Sierra, and Elena Fernández-Martínez. "Networks and Emotions in Cooperative Work: A Quasi-Experimental Study in University Nursing and Computer Engineering Students." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030220.
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University students establish networks that impact on their behavior. Social Network Analysis (SNA) allows us to analyze the reticular structures formed and find patterns of interaction between university students. The main objective of this study was to observe the impact of interdisciplinary collaborative work between nursing and computer engineering students on the collaboration and friendship networks, emotions and performance of the participants. It is a quasi-experimental descriptive study with pre- and post-intervention measurements. The contact networks analyzed showed an increase in density in the post-intervention period. The most central people in the network corresponded with those who considered positive emotions most in their academic environment, while the less central people coincided with those who highlighted negative emotions. Academic performance was only significantly associated in the collaboration network, between this and OutdegreeN. This study shows the impact of interdisciplinary activities on teaching methodologies and the repercussions of emotions on curricular activity.
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Khan, Umair, and Ardeshir Bayat. "Microarchitectural analysis of decellularised unscarred and scarred dermis provides insight into the organisation and ultrastructure of the human skin with implications for future dermal substitute scaffold design." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141984371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419843710.
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The three-dimensional spatial arrangement of dermal tissue plays a crucial role in directing cellular behaviour during wound healing. It is vital to elucidate a better understanding of the three-dimensional dermal architecture of human skin. We sought to understand the configuration in morphological structure of decellularised human dermis between unscarred skin and normotrophic scars. Skin biopsies underwent decellularisation (DNA removal = 88%). Histological analysis showed no change in gross morphology of decellularised unscarred and scarred dermis. Multiphoton and atomic force microscopies showed that collagen fibres in unscarred decellularised dermis were interwoven akin to a mesh-like structure. Collagen fibres in decellularised unscarred dermis were less stiff (mean: 2.155 ± 0.9595 MPa; p < 0.0001) with a rougher ( Rq = 16.5, Ra = 12.5, Rmax = 198; p < 0.0001) surface topography. Scarred dermis had a higher collagen volume density (papillary dermis, p < 0.0082; reticular dermis, p < 0.0332). The results demonstrate that scaffolds should exhibit a mesh-like structure with a biomimetic surface and low stiffness.
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Tkachuk, P. V., and S. S. Strafun. "MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN KNEE JOIN IN MODELED OSTEOARTHROSIS AND APPLICATION OF AUTOLOGICAL BONE MARROW ASPIRATE." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 4 (2019): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.4.95.
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Background. Treatment of knee join osteoarthritis is one of challenging medico-social issues. Sometimes the conservative treatment fails to produce therapeutic effect, therefore, the use of cellular technologies in the treatment for progressive degenerative changes of the knee joint has been proposed. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bone marrow aspirate on the structural changes in the knee joint in modelled osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. The experimental osteoarthritis was simulated in rabbits. Autologous bone marrow aspirate was injected into the knee cavity in 1 month after surgery, and then in 2, 5 months the structural changes of the capsule, meniscus, proximal epiphysis of the tibia were studied. Results. There were the following structural changes in the capsule of the knee joint: stratification of structural elements and reduction of the cell density of the capsule, cell necrosis of the inner surface of the capsule. The defect area of the epiphyseal cartilage was lacking in cartilage, and the peripheral cartilage thickness was decreased by 30, 4% (p<0,05); subchondral bone density made up an average 55,9% compared with the control. In the group with bone marrow aspirate, the density of fibroblasts in the joint capsule increased and the surface of the meniscus was partially preserved; the density of subchondral bone tissue was significantly higher by 79,5% (p<0.05) compared with the control. Structural changes in osteoarthritis include progressive dystrophic changes of the joint surface, subchondral bone, meniscus, and joint capsule. The use of autologous bone marrow aspirate can prevent damage to the subchondral bone, meniscus and joint capsule and promote reticular tissue formation and induction of angiogenesis. The morphological changes of bone marrow through progressive osteoarthritis and its renovation after local application of autological bone marrow aspirate concentrate are promising approaches for the further studies.
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Dmitrik, I. I., G. V. Zavgorodnyaya, and M. I. Pavlova. "Age-related changes in the skin structure and wool quality in sheep of Artlukh merino breed." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2105-06.
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Increasing the production of wool and improving its quality characteristics for a number of years remains an urgent issue in breeding work with fine-fleeced sheep. In this regard the main purpose of the research was a comparative assessment of the age dynamics of the main properties of wool and the histostructure of the skin of the young ewes of Artlukh merino breed in the farm AC “Krasny Oktyabr” in the Kazbekov district in the Republic of Dagestan. It has been found that at the age of one year in the experemental young ewes the epidermis increased by 21,2 %, the pilar and reticular layers by 2,9 and 12,8 %, respectively, and the total skin thickness by 6,1 %. The biggest increase in skin thickness was due to the epidermis and the reticular layer as the number of fat cells increased. The width of the secretory parts of the sweat glands increased by 7,1 %, the sebaceous glands by 9,6 %, in this regard the amount of wool fat increased by 7,6 %. The studied parameters of the skin histostructure revealed that the number of hair follicles decreased by 6,8 % with age. This is due to the increase in the area of the skin due to the growth of the animal. The change in the basic properties of wool was as follows: the diameter of wool fibers increased by 5,6 %, the strength of wool decreased by 13,8 %. Comprehensive studies allowed us to recommend testing the main properties of wool and indicators of the histostructure of the skin of experimental animals when improving existing breeds and breeding new breeds and lines of sheep. Histological studies of the skin should be carried out at the age of 4,5 months, and the most objective indicators are the ratio of secondary and primary follicles, this will allow for early selection of lambs by wool density.
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Schafer, Irwin A., Maureen Pandy, Roderick Ferguson, and Bryan R. Davis. "Comparative observation of fibroblasts derived from the papillary and reticular dermis of infants and adults: Growth kinetics, packing density at confluence and surface morphology." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 31, no. 3 (1985): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(85)90095-8.
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Wang, Hong-Qun, Zheng-Sheng Wu, and Dao-Wang Li. "Solitary Necrotic Nodule of the Liver: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Hepatology 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/845406.
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To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and possible causes of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver (SNN), two cases of SNN of the liver were studied with clinicopathological data, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry staining. The patients had no specific symptoms, with negative results for the serum tumor markers. CT and ultrasound all showed low-density lesion. Morphologically, there was isolate, single necrosis tubercle of the liver. It was composed of a central necrotic core and a peripheral fibrotic capsule with inflammatory cells, including histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and so forth. The staining result of PAS, acid-fast, and iron was all negative, and AG + VG staining showed that the outline of reticular fibers and collagen was intact. Vimtin was positive for necrotic tissue and surrounding fibrous tissue. CD34 and CD68 was both positive for case 1. CK was negative in case 2 but positive for a few residual cells in case 1. SNN of the liver is a rare nonmalignant disease with a good prognosis. Hemangioma and fatty liver might be ones of the causes of SNN.
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Vaknin, Uriel, Dov Sherman, and Semën Gorfman. "Geometrical prediction of cleavage planes in crystal structures." IUCrJ 8, no. 5 (2021): 793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252521007272.
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Cleavage is the ability of single crystals to split easily along specifically oriented planes. This phenomenon is of great interest for materials' scientists. Acquiring the data regarding cleavage is essential for the understanding of brittle fracture, plasticity and strength, as well as for the prevention of catastrophic device failures. Unfortunately, theoretical calculations of cleavage energy are demanding and often unsuitable for high-throughput searches of cleavage planes in arbitrary crystal structures. A simplified geometrical approach (GALOCS = gaps locations in crystal structures) is suggested for predicting the most promising cleavage planes. GALOCS enumerates all the possible reticular lattice planes and calculates the plane-average electron density as a function of the position of the planes in the unit cell. The assessment of the cleavage ability of the planes is based on the width and depth of planar gaps in crystal structures, which appear when observing the planes lengthwise. The method is demonstrated on two-dimensional graphene and three-dimensional silicon, quartz and LiNbO3 structures. A summary of planar gaps in a few more inorganic crystal structures is also presented.
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Zimmermann, DR, MT Dours-Zimmermann, M. Schubert, and L. Bruckner-Tuderman. "Versican is expressed in the proliferating zone in the epidermis and in association with the elastic network of the dermis." Journal of Cell Biology 124, no. 5 (1994): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.124.5.817.
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The expression of the large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican was studied in human adult skin. For this purpose, bacterial fusion proteins containing unique portions of the versican core protein were prepared. Polyclonal antibodies against the fusion proteins specifically reacted with versican from a proteoglycan fraction of MG63 osteosarcoma cells. In immunohistochemical experiments, the affinity-purified antibodies localized versican in the stratum basale of the epidermis, as well as in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. An apparent codistribution of versican with the various fiber forms of the elastic network of the dermis suggested an association of versican with microfibrils. Both dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes expressed versican in culture during active cell proliferation. In line with the observation that versican is absent in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis where keratinocytes terminally differentiate, culture conditions promoting keratinocyte differentiation induced a down-regulation of versican synthesis. In Northern blots versican mRNA could be detected in extracts from proliferating keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Comparison of RNA preparations from semi-confluent and confluent fibroblast cultures demonstrated decreasing amounts of versican mRNA at higher cell densities. This inverse correlation of versican expression and cell density was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence staining of cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The localization of versican in the basal zone of the epidermis as well as the density dependence of versican in cell cultures suggest a general function of versican in cell proliferation processes that may not solely be confined to the skin.
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Pogodaev, V. A., N. V. Sergeeva, and G. V. Zavgorodniaia. "THE QUALITY OF SHEEPSKIN AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF DORPER SHEEPSKIN." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-51-2-122-127.
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The research explores the qualitative parameters of sheepskin and histological structure of Kalmyk lambs skin and cross breeds obtained when crossing Kalmyklambs and Dorper sheepskinned lambs. Scientific and production experience was conducted at “Agrofirma Aduciya” enterprise in the Republicof Kalmykiain 2018. The authors explored sheepskin commodity properties at the histological level was conducted on the lambs after fattening at the age of 6 months. According to the area of sheep skin, the crossbred lambs of the 2nd (experimental) group surpassed the lambs od the 1st (control) group by 11.08 dm2 (or 11.8%). This difference is explained by higher fattening qualities of the weighed young stock, which have shorter length and wider width of sheepskin. This is explained by the blackness of the animal’s body after fattening. The lambs of the control group had more developed epidermis, a reticular layer and a larger skin thickness, which is characteristic of rough-wool sheep breeds. The lambs of the experimental group have more developed pilar layer, which is typical for the cattle with semi-fine and thin woolen assortments. The density of wool follicles in the crossbred lambs was 3.3% higher in comparison with the control group lambs; the density index (the ratio of secondary to primary follicles) was 12.7% higher. The lambs of the control group have 44th quality wool (39.65 mkm), it has down, crossing hair, beard hair, i.e. rough wool; the crossing lambs of the experimental group have 56th quality wool (29.25 µm), i.e. semi-fine wool. The sheepskin products with softer pile will cost higher.
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Wang, Gong Xun, Kui Jun Xu, Ming Qiao Zhu, and Bi Tian. "Pozzolanic Activity of Ceramic Polishing Powder as Cementitious Material." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.135.
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The major industrial by-product largely generated in southern China is ceramic polishing powder (PP) produced from ceramic industries. In this paper, gross of silicon and aluminum dissolved from polishing powder and fly ash were studied by alkali dissolve experiments, pozzolanic activity of PP and fly ash were studied as well by determining chemical combined water and fast strength experiments. Results show that the cement mortar strength active index of PP is up to 82%. The average size of PP is 6.31 um; the fine granule of PP fills in the pore of mortars and improves the compressive strength of mortars. Microstructure of mortars added PP demonstrates that hydration gel is close-grained, dense and reticular. It reveals that “the granule domino effect” enhance the density of mortars added PP and conduce to the high compressive strength. Polishing powder can be used as cementitious material, especially the quality of early stage is higher than that of fly ash. Gross of vitreous phase is not the single factor to determine pozzolanic quality of polishing powder, ability of alive silicon and aluminum responding to Ca(OH)2 is one of the most important impact.
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Bajénoff, Marc, and Ronald N. Germain. "B-cell follicle development remodels the conduit system and allows soluble antigen delivery to follicular dendritic cells." Blood 114, no. 24 (2009): 4989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-06-229567.
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Abstract Afferent lymph is transported throughout lymph nodes (LNs) by the conduit system. Whereas this conduit network is dense in the T-cell zone, it is sparse in B-cell follicles. In this study, we show that this differential organization emerges during lymph node development. Neonatal LNs lack B follicles, but have a developed T-cell zone and a dense conduit network. As new T and B cells enter the developing LN, the conduit network density is maintained in the T, but not the B zone, leading to a profound remodeling of the follicular network that nevertheless maintains its connectivity. In adults, the residual follicular conduits transport soluble antigen to deep regions, where follicular dendritic cells are abundant and appear to replace the fibroblastic reticular cells that enwrap conduits in the T zone. This strategic location correlates with the capacity of the follicular dendritic cells to capture antigen even in the absence of antigen-specific antibodies. Together, these results describe how the stromal organization of the T and B regions of LNs diverges during development, giving rise to distinct antigen transport and delivery modes in the 2 compartments.
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Momo, Claudia, Nathália Alves de Souza Rocha, Pamela Rodrigues Reina Moreira, et al. "Morphological changes and parasite load of the adrenal from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 1 (2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014004.
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The objective of this study was to analyze morphological changes and parasite loads in the adrenal gland from 45 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The animals were from the Zoonosis Control Center of Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, which is an endemic region for the disease. These animals were euthanized due to positive diagnoses of VL. The dogs were classified into asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic and symptomatic groups. The parasite load was determined by immunohistochemistry, using VL-positive dog hyperimmune serum. Nine dogs showed an inflammatory infiltrate composed, predominantly, of plasma cells and macrophages. However, only eight dogs showed macrophages with amastigote forms of the parasite, immunolabeled in the cytoplasm. The medullary and reticular layers were the most affected areas, possibly due to a favorable microenvironment created by hormones in these regions. The density of parasites in the glandular tissue was not associated with clinical signs of VL (P > 0.05). However, the presence of the parasite was always associated with the presence of a granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate. This gland may not be an ideal place for the parasite's multiplication, but the presence of injuries to the glandular tissue could influence the dog's immune system, thus favoring the parasite's survival in the host's different organs.
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Chou, Chen Chia, Chun Feng Huang, Firman Mangasa Simanjuntak та Ying Ying Wu. "Electrospinning Processing and Microstructural Characterization of Ce0.78Gd0.2Sr0.02O2-δ Fiber for a Composite Anode". Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (липень 2011): 2489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2489.
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Fabrication of a fiber anode with a mixture of the Gd2O3 and SrO co-doped ceria fibers and the Ni nano-catalyzer by using electrospinning and impregnated process were carried out for application in an intermediate temperature fuel cell (ITFC). Experimental results demonstrate that a uniform co-doped ceria fiber of 100 nm diameter could be spun at the concentration of PVP approximately 11.32 wt.% and electric field of 20 kV. The anodic films were prepared via a nickel wet dipping process and sintered at different temperatures. The micrograph of the anode sintered at 1200°C for1hr has a well defined microstructure in terms of electrolyte area covered with nickel and the triple phase boundary (TPB) between electrolyte, electrode and gas phase. Fiber anode exhibits low polarization resistance and high exchange current density due to formation of the reticular nano-fiber structure. Accordingly, using a new concept of combination of the nano-ceramic fiber and the Ni nano-particle for increasing the catalytic properties of anode is successfully proved, it is found that nano-fiber substituting to powder in anode could decrease the processing temperature of cell and maintain the porous structure of anode to increase the amount of TPB and restrain formation of agglomerates of nickel particles.
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Guo, Y. J., W. Cheng, and P. S. Liu. "Porous ceramic foam loading titanium dioxide for photocatalytic degradation of the methyl orange solution." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 15, no. 6 (2019): 1366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-03-2019-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation on a new kind of photocatalytic material, namely, the porous ceramic foam loading titanium dioxide, which can make an effective photocatalytic degradation of the methyl orange (MO) solution in the wastewater. Design/methodology/approach The natural zeolite powder has been used as the primary raw material to produce a sort of lightweight porous ceramic foam by impregnating polymer foam in slurry and then sintering. With the sol-gel method, a kind of open-cell reticular porous ceramic foam loading TiO2 film was obtained having a good photocatalytic action, and the resultant porous composite product presents the bulk density of 0.3~0.6 g/cm3 to be able to float on water. Findings The MO could tend to be completely degraded in the solution with a certain concentration by the TiO2-loaded ceramic foam irradiated with ultraviolet light, and this composite foam was found to have high degradation efficiency for the MO solution in a wide range of pH. Originality/value This work presents a TiO2-loaded ceramic foam that can effectively photo-catalyze to degrade the MO in water, and the degradation efficiency were examined under different conditions of the MO solution with various pH values.