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1
Gulyakov, Aleksandr, Alexey Salomatin, Aleksander Malko, et al. The fate of the European Union and lessons for Russia. 2nd ed. Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01881-1.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph reveals the history of the creation of the European Union and its current situation, which is characterized by instability and lack of genuine unity. In an effort to integrate everything and everyone in a short time, European leaders and officials have overestimated their strength. Meanwhile, every European country retains its identity and is in no hurry to give it up.
 Russia and the participants of integration interstate associations should learn lessons from the fate of the European Union: not to force rapprochement, not to encroach on the state sovereignty of its members, to respect the opinion of ordinary people.
 The publication is intended for specialists in the field of European politics, European law, international relations, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in the political life of Europe.
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Moretti, Anna, and Francesco Zirpoli. Osservatorio sulla componentistica automotive italiana 2020. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-482-0.
Full textAbstract:
Nell’anno 2020 l’Italia ha dovuto fare i conti con la crisi sanitaria ed economica determinata dalla diffusione del virus COVID-19. La straordinarietà della situazione, con l’Europa alle prese con lockdown e fermi produttivi, ha portato l’Osservatorio a far seguire alla tradizionale rilevazione avviata a fine Febbraio 2020 una seconda indagine di approfondimento mirata a raccogliere le prime reazioni delle imprese della filiera alla crisi da coronavirus. Questa edizione del volume è, quindi, particolarmente ricca di spunti in quanto collega la fotografia del 2019 alla situazione generata dalla pandemia nel 2020. Il quadro complessivo è quello di una filiera i cui risultati in termini di fatturato, produzione ed export erano già in contrazione nel 2019 e, di conseguenza, particolarmente esposta alla crisi del 2020, soprattutto per alcune categorie di imprese meno resilienti. Il superamento di questa situazione critica potrà giocarsi sulla capacità di sviluppare aggregazioni e reti per l’innovazione, con obiettivi importanti di competitività dell’intera filiera sullo scenario internazionale.
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Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Assistenza e solidarietà in Europa Secc. XIII-XVIII / Social assistance and solidarity in Europe from the 13th to the 18th Centuries. Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-367-0.
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Il periodo compreso fra Medioevo ed Età Moderna registra una significativa evoluzione del welfare, attraverso il consolidamento e la specializzazione di istituzioni nate o trasformatesi con la precisa funzione di fare attività di solidarietà e assistenza. È attorno a queste istituzioni che si sono concentrate le ricerche raccolte in questo volume, con l’obiettivo di delinearne la nascita e l’evoluzione, ma anche le fonti di finanziamento e autofinanziamento, le strategie e le modalità di acquisizione delle risorse, la gestione e la evoluzione dei patrimoni, l’organizzazione funzionale e i costi interni di sostegno ai bisognosi e di gestione del personale. Quelle istituzioni giocarono spesso un ruolo significativo nel territorio in cui operavano e numerosi contributi si soffermano sugli effetti economici e sociali prodotti dalla loro azione, non solo in termini di redistribuzione del reddito e mantenimento della pace sociale, ma anche in relazione all’eventuale rapporto con la realtà produttiva, grazie all’immissione sul mercato di prodotti e servizi svolti dagli assistititi o dal personale dell’istituzione. Un’ultima sezione è infine dedicata alle reti di assistenza non formali (solidarietà e forme di credito in seno alle famiglie, ai gruppi di indigenti, alle comunità), attraverso le quali gli individui, le comunità e l’intera società, in assenza o carenza di strutture formalizzate, tentarono di proteggersi dai rischi legati all’indigenza e alla incapacità fisica.
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of, American Academy. Face-Down Recovery after Retinal Surgery. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2014.
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Ueda, Sayako, and Akiyoshi Kitaoka. The Wobbling Face Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0093.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter introduces a novel type of illusion produced by duplicating facial parts, called the Wobbling Face illusion, which causes an unstable feeling for many observers. Four experiments intended to characterize the illusion are examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, the results indicated that the Wobbling Face illusion should be specific to the face, and the unstable feeling may arise from rivalry of perception between doubled facial features. Experiment 3 showed that this illusion was the strongest when eyes were duplicated. Experiment 4 suggested that the unstable perception of this illusion did not reflect retinal slips or eye movement instabilities. Thus this face-specific illusion is not a simple motion illusion but might be based on attention instability.
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Kitchen, Clyde K. Fact and Fiction of Healthy Vision. Praeger, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400649455.
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Written by a practicing ophthalmologist, this book explains the eye and how it develops and functions—or can malfunction, especially as we age—and what our options are to maximize or retain eye health. Dr. Kitchen also explains the many treatments and surgical options available, as well as myths and false beliefs or promises that are common in relation to eye health and treatments today. Dr. Kitchen describes time-tested, proven techniques, as well as new treatments and surgeries changing the nature of eye care, including refractive surgery options. He also explains common problems from red eye to macular degeneration, and spotlights beliefs and treatment claims that are uninformed or downright deceptive. His goal is to help Boomers and parents make well-informed decisions about eye care for themselves and their family members, and also to help aging consumers retain their visual health. Appendices include a glossary of eye and eye care terms. The topics addressed include eye anatomy, examinations, medications, treatments, and surgery. Conditions described range from dry eye to ocular migraines, lazy eye, cataracts, glaucoma, and eye cancer.
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Costello, Sarah, and Kayla Kaszyca. Sounds Fake But Okay. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781805016496.
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‘Somehow, over time, we forgot that the rituals behind dating and sex were constructs made up by human beings and eventually, they became hard and fast rules that society imposed on us all.’ True Love. Third Wheels. Dick pics. ‘Dying alone’. Who decided this was normal? Sarah and Kayla invite you to put on your purple aspec glasses - and rethink everything you thought you knew about society, friendship, sex, romance and more. Drawing on their personal stories, and those of aspec friends all over the world, prepare to explore your microlabels, investigate different models of partnership, delve into the intersection of gender norms and compulsory sexuality and reconsider the meaning of sex - when allosexual attraction is out of the equation. Spanning the whole range of relationships we have in our lives - to family, friends, lovers, society, our gender, and ourselves, this book asks you to let your imagination roam, and think again what human connection really is. Includes exclusive ‘Sounds Fake But Okay’ podcast episodes.
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Gastil, John. Designing Public Deliberation at the Intersection of Science and Public Policy. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.26.
Full textAbstract:
An increasingly popular means of engaging the public uses small-scale deliberative forums, with anywhere from a dozen to hundreds or thousands of citizens meeting face-to-face or online to consider policy questions with important scientific dimensions. When designing such processes, policymakers and civic organizations need to consider how they recruit and retain engaged participants, how they structure the deliberative process itself, and the impacts they hope to achieve, not just for participants but also for the wider society. Although research conducted on deliberation shows the efficacy of these processes, the field will benefit from more systematic analysis of alternative deliberative methods, particularly at different points of entry within the policymaking system.
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Diffie, Whitfield, and Susan Landau. Privacy on the Line. The MIT Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5571.001.0001.
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A guide to the debate over cryptography policy and the implications for individual privacy. Telecommunication has never been perfectly secure, as a Cold War culture of wiretaps and international spying taught us. Yet many of us still take our privacy for granted, even as we become more reliant than ever on telephones, computer networks, and electronic transactions of all kinds. Whitfield Diffie and Susan Landau argue that if we are to retain the privacy that characterized face-to-face relationships in the past, we must build the means of protecting that privacy into our communication systems. Diffie and Landau strip away the hype surrounding the policy debate to examine the national security, law enforcement, commercial, and civil liberties issues. They discuss the social function of privacy, how it underlies a democratic society, and what happens when it is lost.
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Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0011.
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This book suggests the need to rethink our understanding corporate power in relation to public health. The most important finding has been the sheer variety and extent of corporate engagements in policy-related activities. This challenges those approaches that focus narrowly on the (downstream) policy process at the expense of the wider context. It also challenges definitions of lobbying that confine the activity to face-to-face or direct contact with officials. The chapter reviews our arguments about social movements from above and below and the nature of the erosion of civil society by corporate strategy. The latter part of the chapter examines prescriptions for public health, including the need to adopt a whole-government strategy cognisant of multiple corporate voices, engage firmly with corporations to reverse the trend towards partnership governance, and go much further with transparency reforms in government and the corporate works, civil society, and science.
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Freilich, Charles D. Nuclear and Regional Arms Control Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 assesses Israel’s nuclear policy, why Israel might wish to possess its purported unconventional capabilities, the sources of the ambiguity policy, Israel’s regional arms control policies, and its efforts to prevent WMD proliferation, including the “Begin Doctrine.” The chapter argues that Israel’s nuclear policies have proven highly successful, providing it with the deterrent benefits of an overt posture without the costs, and preventing, thus far, further nuclear proliferation. It concludes with major conundrums Israel may face in the future, for example, whether the Begin Doctrine is still applicable, or whether Israel should prefer, if Iran succeeds in going nuclear, that both sides retain their capabilities, or that neither does and thus pursue regional arms control. Israel would face an even greater dilemma if a multinuclear Middle East emerges. New approaches, for example, an end to nuclear ambiguity, a defense treaty with the United States, or regional arms control, may become necessary.
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Benhabib, Seyla. Exile, Statelessness, and Migration. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167251.001.0001.
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This book explores the intertwined lives, careers, and writings of a group of prominent Jewish intellectuals during the mid-twentieth century—in particular, Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Isaiah Berlin, Albert Hirschman, and Judith Shklar, as well as Hans Kelsen, Emmanuel Levinas, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss. Informed by their Jewish identity and experiences of being outsiders, these thinkers produced one of the most brilliant and effervescent intellectual movements of modernity. The book's starting point is that these thinkers faced migration, statelessness, and exile because of their Jewish origins, even if they did not take positions on specifically Jewish issues personally. The sense of belonging and not belonging, of being “eternally half-other,” led them to confront essential questions: What does it mean for the individual to be an equal citizen and to wish to retain one's ethnic, cultural, and religious differences, or perhaps even to rid oneself of these differences altogether in modernity? The book isolates four themes in their works: dilemmas of belonging and difference; exile, political voice, and loyalty; legality and legitimacy; and pluralism and the problem of judgment. Surveying the work of influential intellectuals, Exile, Statelessness, and Migration recovers the valuable plurality of their Jewish voices and develops their universal insights in the face of the crises of this new century.
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Ghilarducci, Teresa. Private Pensions. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.031.
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The American retirement income security system fails in many ways: it does not cover every worker, provide adequate retirement income, operate efficiently, or distribute government subsidies effectively and fairly. Only about half of workers have a pension at work—one of the best and most practical ways to save for retirement. Many of those pensions are rather small. Workers who do save have limited access to the best quality investment managers, appropriate portfolio structures, low fees, economies of scale, and cost-effective annuities because of the growing use of 401(k) plans that favor the highest-income workers. Consequently, many American workers will face economic hardships when they retire.
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Groothoff, Jaap W. Primary Hyperoxaluria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0065.
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Primary hyperoxalurias (PH) are rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders characterized by an increased endogenous oxalate production which leads to the development of urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and ultimately to renal failure.PH patients with severe renal failure develop life-threatening systemic oxalosis, which affects many organs such as bone, skin, retina, myocardium, vessel walls, and the central nervous system. So far, combined or sequential liver-kidney transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with advanced disease. Contrary to the former impression of a relatively mild course of disease in patients diagnosed as adults, recent data have shown that patients diagnosed in adulthood mostly present with established ESRD and systemic oxalosis. The fact that some of these patients respond to pyridoxine therapy underlines the importance of early diagnosis and measures to prevent renal failure and systemic oxalosis. All children with stone disease or nephrocalcinosis and all adults with recurrent stone disease should therefore be screened for PH.
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Spevak, Olga. Nominalization in Latin. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866011.001.0001.
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Abstract This book is devoted to verbal nouns, defined as nouns which have a systematic correspondence with a clause structure. The book aims to contribute to the much-debated question of ‘abstract nouns’ in general and ‘verbal derivatives’ in particular by showing that syntactic parameters are useful for a better classification of what are traditionally called nomina actionis. It adopts a descriptive approach and it provides methods and criteria for identifying these nouns which retain some verbal properties and for distinguishing them from nouns with concrete reference. This distinction is important for a better understanding of Latin texts and for the presentation of these words in dictionaries. The book investigates the use of verbal nouns in various text types: narrative texts and technical treatises (rhetoric, architecture, and legal texts). It shows that verbal nouns, as well as gerunds, gerundives, participles in participial clauses, and also, partly, infinitives, are competing expressions with a low ‘sententiality’ that serve, to different extents, to condensate clausal expressions. They form a system in which the elements are partly overlapping and partly complementary. The fact that Latin does not have a verbal noun available for every verb should not be viewed as a ‘deficiency’, but as a facet of this complex system.
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Smith, Ian. Seeing Blackness. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.25.
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The tendency to regard vision as providing unimpeded retinal access to the world was already being revised in the early modern period to explain how sight is, in fact, unreliable. Sight is always compromised by culturally embedded ideas, and in Othello, Shakespeare reveals that in the instance of race, prejudicial and broadly shared stereotypes distort vision in ways that misrecognize blackness and make us poor readers of humanity. Blackness, that visible sign, creates a social blind spot. Taking Shakespeare’s specific interrogation of cross-racial reading as its cue, the essay asks to what extent the predominantly white discipline of English studies is implicated in such an inquiry, especially when modern experimental science confirms white bias and negative views of blackness as the American cultural norm that affects the way we read and interpret race.
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Loring, Dawn Davis, and Julie L. Pentz. Dance Appreciation. Human Kinetics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718230668.
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Dance Appreciation meets the needs of dance students who are new to dance as well as those who are experienced in the art form. The text helps learners discover more about themselves, connect with dance, and make it a relevant and vital part of their lives. Dance Appreciation includes the following: Instructor ancillaries consisting of an instructor guide, test package, and PowerPoint presentation package make the teaching experience both easier and more effective, whether teaching in face-to-face or online settings.HKPropel Access supplies students with learning activities, individual and group projects, handouts, time lines, suggestions for further reading, video recommendations, and more to facilitate the learning experience.Five video segments demonstrate elements of dance and offer associated learning and movement activities, bringing the content to life for students.Textbook elements such as learning objectives, key terms, Enduring Understanding statements, Spotlight special elements, and chapter discussion questions help students navigate the chapters and retain the essential content. Dance Appreciation helps students understand dance from the perspectives of dancers, choreographers, and professionals in other careers related to dance. Students are introduced to a broad range of dance genres and learn to connect dance with other academic and artistic disciplines and with their own life experiences.
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Hoinski, Ronald, and Ronald Polansky. The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412094.003.0010.
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David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.
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Ueda, Atsuko, Michael K. Bourdaghs, Richi Sakakibara, and Hirokazu Toeda, eds. Politics and Literature Debate in Postwar Japanese Criticism, 1945–52. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978737150.
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In the wake of its defeat in World War II, as Japan was forced to remake itself from “empire” to “nation” in the face of an uncertain global situation, literature and literary criticism emerged as highly contested sites. Today, this remarkable period holds rich potential for opening new dialogue between scholars in Japan and North America as we rethink the historical and contemporary significance of a number of important issues, including the meaning of the American occupation both inside and outside of Japan, the shifting semiotics of “literature” and “politics,” and the origins of crucial ideological weapons of the cultural Cold War. This collection features works by Japanese intellectuals written in the immediate postwar period. These writings—many appearing in English for the first time—offer explorations into the social, political, and philosophical debates among Japanese literary elites that shaped the country’s literary culture in the aftermath of defeat.
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Misra, Udayon. The Critical Forties II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199478361.003.0003.
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The politics of the Muslim League in Assam led to the communalization of politics in the province. The Muslim League linked up the immigration and land issue with that of Pakistan and consistently tried to disprove the fact that Assam was a Hindu-majority province. Its movements in favour of immigration and against the Line System as well as its civil disobedience movement are also discussed in the chapter. It also discusses the politics that took shape in Assam after the announcement of the Cabinet Mission’s proposals and the way in which the Assam Congress put up a concerted fight against the grouping scheme of the Cabinet Mission with the support of Gandhi. The fact that the issues of land, immigration, and language would find echoes several decades later in Assam in the form of populist agitations and land-related violence and retain their relevance in present-day Assam politics has also been highlighted.
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Retallack, James. Red Saxony. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668786.001.0001.
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This book throws new light on the reciprocal relationship between political modernization and authoritarianism in Germany over the span of six decades. Election battles were fought so fiercely in Imperial Germany because they reflected two kinds of democratization. Social democratization could not be stopped; but political democratization was opposed by many members of the German bourgeoisie. Frightened by the electoral success of Social Democrats after 1871, anti-democrats deployed many strategies that flew in the face of electoral fairness. They battled socialists, liberals, and Jews at election time, but they also strove to rewrite the electoral rules of the game. Using a regional lens to rethink older assumptions about Germany’s changing political culture, this book focuses as much on contemporary Germans’ perceptions of electoral fairness as on their experiences of voting. It devotes special attention to various semi-democratic voting systems whereby a general and equal suffrage (for the Reichstag) was combined with limited and unequal ones for local and regional parliaments. For the first time, democratization at all three tiers of governance and their reciprocal effects are considered together. Although the bourgeois face of German authoritarianism was nowhere more evident than in the Kingdom of Saxony, this book illustrates how Germans grew to fear the spectre of democracy. Certainly twists and turns lay ahead, yet that fear made it easier for Hitler and the Nazis to inter German democracy in 1933.
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Fantl, Jeremy. The Epistemic Efficacy of Amateurism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807957.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses when knowledge can survive exposure to counterarguments, even if you find each step compelling and can’t expose a flaw. One consequence of Bayesian epistemology is that knowledge can survive if you lack the expertise to reliably evaluate the counterargument. Knowers can retain knowledge in the face of an apparently flawless counterargument as long as the counterargument is too sophisticated for them, and as long as their knowledge has a basis with which they have sufficient facility (this is one of the lessons of the literature on higher-order evidence). This is one reason why it is so important, in academic writing, to emphasize the case for the opposition. If you train your reader adequately, and they still find the steps in your argument compelling and are unable to locate a flaw, then it becomes harder for them to closed-mindedly dismiss your argument while retaining knowledge that you’re wrong.
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Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. Attracting and Retaining International Students as Skilled Migrants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0010.
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OECD countries compete to attract and retain international students as skilled migrants. By definition former international students are of prime workforce age, face no regulatory barriers, and have self-funded to meet domestic employer demand. Within the global ‘race for talent’ they have emerged as a priority human capital resource. This chapter examines the study-migration pathways that have evolved in the past decade within skilled migration policy frameworks. Three case studies are provided, assessing select challenges in the context of national debate. The first examines the UK’s attempt to reduce net migration flows and the impact of this on student migration. The second explores the retention of international doctoral students in the US amid concerns for labour market substitution rather than complementarity. The third defines the extent to which Australian employers value former international students compared to domestic graduates, including the impact of demand and demographic variables on early employment outcomes.
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Austen, Jane, and Jane Stabler. Mansfield Park. Edited by James Kinsley. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199535538.001.0001.
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‘Me!’ cried Fanny … ‘Indeed you must excuse me. I could not act any thing if you were to give me the world. No, indeed, I cannot act.’ At the age of ten, Fanny Price leaves the poverty of her Portsmouth home to be brought up among the family of her wealthy uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram, in the chilly grandeur of Mansfield Park. There she accepts her lowly status, and gradually falls in love with her cousin Edmund. When the dazzling and sophisticated Henry and Mary Crawford arrive, Fanny watches as her cousins become embroiled in rivalry and sexual jealousy. As the company starts to rehearse a play by way of entertainment, Fanny struggles to retain her independence in the face of the Crawfords’ dangerous attractions; and when Henry turns his attentions to her, the drama really begins… This new edition does full justice to Austen’s complex and subtle story, placing it in its Regency context and elucidating the theatrical background that pervades the novel.
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Sharfstein, Joshua M. Responsibility and Blame. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697211.003.0010.
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Issues of responsibility and blame are very rarely discussed in public health training, but are seldom forgotten in practice. Blame often follows a crisis, and leaders of health agencies should be able to think strategically about how to handle such accusations before being faced with the pain of dealing with them. When the health agency is not at all at fault, officials can make the case for a strong public health response without reservation. When the agency is entirely to blame, a quick and sincere apology can allow the agency to retain credibility. The most difficult situation is when the agency is partly to blame. The goal in this situation is to accept the appropriate amount of blame while working quickly to resolve the crisis.
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Howells, Coral Ann, Paul Sharrad, and Gerry Turcotte. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0001.
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THE Oxford History of the Novel in English concludes with the present volume, which focuses on the novels written in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific since 1950. A sequel of sorts to Volume 9, The World Novel in English to 1950, the present work examines the literary production of a set of diverse writings from a geographically varied and extensive region. Its component cultural entities are connected by historical networks of trading and colonialism and by contemporary systems of global production and circulation. The fiction covered in this volume emanates from countries either bordering on the Pacific Ocean or surrounded by it. For at least one century they were all interconnected by sailing ships, and they have all faced the crisis of reinventing themselves as postcolonial nations since the Second World War. In that regard, this volume—allowing for many differences in historical and sociological circumstances—also serves as a companion to studies of Asian and African fiction in Volumes 10 and 11. At the same time, each zone of literary production surveyed here retains specific differences of temporal, political, and ethnic formations that cannot be contained within one neat comparative frame. This fact is reflected in the structure of the volume: a mix of comparative surveys centred on genres or modes, a section on book history, another providing sociocultural contexts focused on the notion of shifting identities, a series of regional analyses with more detailed discussion of key figures from each zone, and concluding with chapters on the periodicals supporting literary production and on literary histories across the entire area....
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Morgan-Owen, David G. Surrendering the Initiative. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805199.003.0009.
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By late 1912 Britain’s naval leadership was sufficiently perturbed by the situation it faced to petition the government to address the issue of home defence afresh and to confirm the Army’s role therein. This precipitated a new CID inquiry into the issue, during which the two services reprised the decade-old debate over how best to conduct a future European war. The Admiralty was placed in a delicate position during the proceedings by Fisher’s absolutist rhetoric on the impossibility of invasion, but was obliged to extract some commitment from the government to retain regular troops in the country due to a growing acceptance that the Fleet could not prevent an invasion. This chapter traces this debate down to the outbreak of war, stressing the extent of its effect upon naval strategy.
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Succi, Sauro. Kinetic Theory of Dense Fluids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0007.
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This chapter presents the basic elements of the kinetic theory of non-ideal fluids, to which both kinetic and potential energy contribute on comparable footing. Non-ideal fluids lie at the heart of many complex fluid-dynamic applications, such as those involving multiphase and multicomponent flows. This chapter features a degree of abstraction which may not come by handy to the reader with limited interest to the formal theory of classical many-body systems. The interested readers can safely skip the math and retain the basic bottomline. They may just skip this chapter altogether, but in this author’s opinion, this is likely to come with a toll on the full appreciation of Lattice Boltzmann theory for non-ideal fluids, in fact one of the most successful offsprings of Lattice Boltzmann theory.
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Ueda, Atsuko, Michael K. Bourdaghs, Richi Sakakibara, and Hirokazu Toeda, eds. Literature among the Ruins, 1945–1955. The Rowman … Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666999655.
Full textAbstract:
In the wake of the disaster of 1945—as Japan was forced to remake itself from “empire” to “nation” in the face of an uncertain global situation—literature and literary criticism emerged as highly contested sites. Today, this remarkable period holds rich potential for opening new dialogue between scholars in Japan and North America as we rethink the historical and contemporary significance of such ongoing questions as the meaning of the American occupation both inside and outside of Japan, the shifting semiotics of “literature” and “politics,” and the origins of what would become crucial ideological weapons of the cultural Cold War. The volume consists of three interrelated sections: “Foregrounding the Cold War,” “Structures of Concealment: ‘Cultural Anxieties,’” and “Continuity and Discontinuity: Subjective Rupture and Dislocation.” One way or another, the essays address the process through which new “Japan” was created in the postwar present, which signified an attempt to criticize and reevaluate the past. Examining postwar discourse from various angles, the essays highlight the manner in which anxieties of the future were projected onto the construction of the past, which manifest in varying disavowals and structures of concealment.
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Fantl, Jeremy. A Defense of (a Different Kind of) Dogmatism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807957.003.0002.
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This chapter argues for a kind of dogmatism (though not the sort famously defended by Jim Pryor): that you can retain knowledge even if you spend significant time with an argument, find each step compelling, and are unable to expose a flaw. It is uncontroversial that knowledge can survive some such counterarguments: trick arguments that 1=0, paradoxical arguments that nothing moves, perceptual arguments that a rabbit has spontaneously appeared in a previously empty hat. But, debates in the literature on disagreement aside, knowledge can survive such counterarguments even when they concern controversial matters of ethics, politics, religion, science, and philosophy. You often have what would otherwise count as knowledge-level positive support for your controversial beliefs. This support is often not defeated by what turns out to be the rather weak evidence provided by the fact that a counterargument is apparently flawless.
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Wilson, James. Philosophy for Public Health and Public Policy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844057.001.0001.
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This book provides a novel theory of the philosophy of public health and public policy. It is addressed both to philosophers and to policymakers, inviting policymakers to rethink the nature of public policy, and philosophers to rethink the nature of philosophy. The book is divided into three parts. Part I argues that a number of popular philosophical tools such as thought experiments are poorly calibrated for providing guidance to policymakers. It advances a new approach to philosophy, which draws both on pragmatism and on complex systems science. Part II examines the role of ethical values in public health. It argues that certain commonly expressed worries about public health paternalism are much less convincing than is often thought. It further argues that individuals have a right to public health. If a state does not take easy steps to reduce risks to health, then it will often violate individuals’ right to public health, and should be criticized as a Neglectful State. Part III integrates the complex systems analysis developed in Part I with the ethical framework developed in Part II. It examines three spheres in which public health policy needs to make choices—responsibility, equality, and networks, focusing on three challenges: (1) how to make use of judgements of responsibility, and whom to hold responsible; (2) how to specify the goal of health equity and how to pursue it and (3) the implications of the fact that most health risks are contagious or can be amplified by socially mediated networks of causes.
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Morris, Nancy. Puerto Rico. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187202.
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This book uses historical and interview data to trace the development of Puerto Rican identity in the 20th century. It analyzes how and why Puerto Ricans have maintained a clear sense of distinctiveness in the face of direct and indirect pressures on their identity. After gaining sovereignty over Puerto Rico from Spain in 1898, the United States undertook a sustained campaign to Americanize the island. Despite 50 years of active Americanization and another 40 years of continued United States sovereignty over the island, Puerto Ricans retain a sense of themselves as distinctly and proudly Puerto Rican. This study examines the symbols of Puerto Rican identity, and their use in the complex politics of the island. It shows that identity is dynamic, it is experienced differently by individuals across Puerto Rican society, and that the key symbols of Puerto Rican identity have not remained static over time. Through the study of Puerto Rico, the book investigates and challenges the widely-heard argument that the inevitable result of the export of U.S. mass media and consumer culture throughout the world is the weakening of cultural identities in receiving societies. The book develops the idea that external pressure on collective identity may strengthen that identity rather than, as is often assumed, diminish it.
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Epstein, Rachel A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.003.0006.
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The study’s findings from Europe have implications for other major powers, including that: (1) banking sector protectionism became increasingly costly given other liberalizing trends; (2) foreign-owned bank subsidiaries can provide more stable funding in crises than alternative foreign or even domestic bank activity; (3) foreign domination in finance limited catching up in the global economy, but in fact few states showed the capacity to exploit domestic banks for national goals; and (4) centralized bank governance through European Banking Union weakened bank–state ties in Europe, and elevated the role of markets there. This chapter analyzes the relevance of the findings for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). China is perhaps the clearest case of a country struggling to both liberalize and retain the economic policy autonomy associated with a largely state-controlled financial system. The conclusion specifies the broader transformation in bank–state ties, but also its limits.
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Verschure, Paul F. M. J. A chronology of Distributed Adaptive Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0036.
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This chapter presents the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory of the mind and brain of living machines. DAC provides an explanatory framework for biological brains and an integration framework for synthetic ones. DAC builds on several themes presented in the handbook: it integrates different perspectives on mind and brain, exemplifies the synthetic method in understanding living machines, answers well-defined constraints faced by living machines, and provides a route for the convergent validation of anatomy, physiology, and behavior in our explanation of biological living machines. DAC addresses the fundamental question of how a living machine can obtain, retain, and express valid knowledge of its world. We look at the core components of DAC, specific benchmarks derived from the engagement with the physical and the social world (the H4W and the H5W problems) in foraging and human–robot interaction tasks. Lastly we address how DAC targets the UTEM benchmark and the relation with contemporary developments in AI.
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Gold, Roberta. “A Time of Struggle”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038181.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the unprecedented housing crisis that erupted in New York City at the end of World War II. At the end of the war, New Yorkers faced their worst housing shortage ever. The housing supply that had already been inadequate for the city's population and contained many substandard tenements had fallen even further behind, as construction virtually ceased during the Great Depression and the war. Meanwhile, demand was rising. Even the worst slum apartments found a market among African Americans who were moving north and discovering that de facto segregation confined them to a few crowded neighborhoods. By 1950, census figures showed that the city required an additional 430,000 dwelling units to properly house its population. This chapter looks at the rise of tenant activists and how they addressed the housing crisis via grassroots mobilizations in concert with leftist and liberal organizations, allowing them not only to retain, but also to institutionalize, the signal achievements of rent control and public housing.
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Brontë, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Edited by Herbert Rosengarten and Josephine McDonagh. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199207558.001.0001.
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‘he looked up wistfully in my face, and gravely asked – “Mamma, why are you so wicked?”’ The mysterious new tenant of Wildfell Hall has a dark secret. But as the captivated Gilbert Markham will discover, it is not the story circulating among local gossips. Living under an assumed name, 'Helen Graham' is the estranged wife of a dissolute rake, desperate to protect her son from his destructive influence. Her diary entries reveal the shocking world of debauchery and cruelty from which she has fled. Combining a sensational story of a man's physical and moral decline through alcohol, a study of marital breakdown, a disquisition on the care and upbringing of children, and a hard-hitting critique of the position of women in Victorian society, this passionate tale of betrayal is set within a stern moral framework tempered by Anne Brontë's optimistic belief in universal redemption. Drawing on her first-hand experiences with her brother Branwell, Brontë's novel scandalized contemporary readers. It still retains its power to shock. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
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Goleman, Michael J. Your Heritage Will Still Remain. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496812049.001.0001.
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Your Heritage Will Still Remain details how Mississippians constructed their social identity in the aftermath of the crises that transformed the state beginning with the sectional conflict, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and finally ending in the late nineteenth century. The social identity studied in this book focuses primarily on how Mississippians thought of their place within a national context, whether as Americans, Confederates, or both. During the period in question, radical transformations within the state forced Mississippians to embrace, deny, or rethink their standing within the Union. Tracing the evolution of Mississippians’ social identity from 1850 through the end of the decade uncovers why white Mississippians felt the need to create the Lost Cause legend and shaped the way they constructed it. At the same time, black Mississippians tried to etch their place within the Union and as part of American society, yet continually faced white supremacist backlash. Your Heritage Will Still Remain offers insights into the creation of Mississippi’s Lost Cause and black social identity and how those cultural hallmarks continue to impact the state into the twenty-first century.
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Ferrara, Nadia. In Pursuit of Impact. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666998856.
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In Pursuit of Impact pushes researchers and policymakers to reflect, rethink, and reconnect with their purpose to support the greater good by developing meaningful public policies. Through a multidisciplinary lens, Nadia Ferrara, draws on research, clinical, and policy experience to show how we can engage in learning, and building more effective relationships to better support the development of responsive policies. Ferrara offers a refreshing analysis while integrating a new approach to understanding trauma and resilience that places a humanizing emphasis on the power of narratives and storytelling. Revisiting the theories of pioneer thinkers and showing the relevance of their work is the necessary rethinking required to support the shift towards an evidence-informed policy development process. Ferrara highlights the fact that people, and their own lived realities, are defined by trauma and resilience and are engaged in the development of public policy and are affected by implemented policies. This book is recommended for scholars and practitioners in the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, political sciences, clinical psychiatry, and philosophy.
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Hill, Leslie. Nancy, Blanchot. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881811662.
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The concept of community is one of the most frequently used and abused of recent philosophical or socio-political concepts. In the 1980s, faced with the imminent collapse of communism and the unchecked supremacy of free-market capitalism, the philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy (in The Inoperative Community) and the writer Maurice Blanchot (in The Unavowable Community) both thought it essential to rethink the fundamental basis of “community” as such. More recently, Nancy has renewed the debate by unexpectedly attacking Blanchot’s account of community, claiming that it embodies a dangerously nostalgic desire for mythic and religious communion. This book examines the history and implications of this controversy. It analyses in forensic detail Nancy’s and Blanchot’s contrasting interpretations of German Romanticism, and the work of Heidegger, Bataille, and Marguerite Duras, and examines closely their divergent approaches to the contradictory legacy of Christianity. At a time when politics are increasingly inseparable from a deep-seated sense of crisis, it provides an incisive account of what, in the concept of community, is thought yet crucially still remains unthought.
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Baron, Naomi S. How We Read Now. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084097.001.0001.
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The digital revolution has transformed reading. Onscreen text, audiobooks, podcasts, and videos often replace print. We make these swaps for pleasure reading, but also in schools. How We Read Now offers a ringside seat to the impact of reading medium on learning. Teachers, administrators, librarians, and policy makers need to select classroom materials. College students must weigh their options. And parents face choices for their children. Digital selections are often based on cost or convenience, not educational evidence. Current research offers essential findings about how print and digital reading compare when the aim is learning. Yet the gap between what scholars and the larger public know is huge. How We Read Now closes the gap. The book begins by sizing up the state of reading today, revealing how little reading students have been doing. The heart of the book connects research insights to practical applications. Baron draws on work from international researchers, along with results from her collaborative studies of student reading practices ranging from middle school through college. The result is an impartial view of the evidence, including points on which the jury is still out. The book closes with two challenges. The first is that students increasingly complain print is boring. And second, for all the educational buzz about teaching critical thinking, digital reading is inherently ill suited for cultivating these habits of mind. Since screens and audio are now entrenched—and valuable—platforms for reading, we need to rethink how to help learners use them wisely.
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Kerr, Ian J. Engines of Change. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400646249.
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The former Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire, India remains, by any measure, a major economic and political actor on the world scene. Without her extensive railway network—completed against all odds by her British colonial masters—it is impossible to imagine what might have become of the diverse lands and peoples of the subcontinent. These railway networks brought them together as a colony; these networks fostered the nationalism that would be Britain's downfall. This rail network both remade the physical landscape and brought social-cultural cohesion to a diverse and wide-ranging populace. It would be common rail travel that Gandhi would employ to reach the masses. From its romantic mystique to its dangerous reality, it is rail travel today that keeps vital social, cultural, economic and political forces moving. India's railroad history serves as a unique lens to her larger story of triumph over adversity. By 1905, India had the world's fourth largest railway network—a position it retains in the early 21st century. The railroads were at the organizational and technological center of many of the inter-related economic, political, social, cultural, and ecological transformations that produced modern India through, and out of, its colonial past. In addition to this vast technical achievement, and (in keeping with the series focus), there is an equally important and wide-sweeping human-interest tale to be told with evocative vignettes of the triumph of the human spirit (one billion strong!) in the face of great adversity.
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Valls, Andrew. Rethinking Racial Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860554.001.0001.
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American society continues to be characterized by deep racial inequality that is a legacy of slavery and Jim Crow. What does justice demand in response? In this book, Andrew Valls argues that justice demands quite a lot—the United States has yet to fully reckon with its racial past, or to confront its ongoing legacies. Valls argues that liberal values and principles have far-reaching implications in the context of the deep injustices along racial lines in American society. In successive chapters, the book takes on such controversial issues as reparations, memorialization, the fate of black institutions and communities, affirmative action, residential segregation, the relation between racial inequality and the criminal justice system, and the intersection of race and public schools. In all of these contexts, Valls argues that liberal values of liberty and equality require profound changes in public policy and institutional arrangements in order to advance the cause of racial equality. Racial inequality will not go away on its own, Valls argues, and past and present injustices create an obligation to address it. But we must rethink some of the fundamental assumptions that shape mainstream approaches to the problem, particularly those that rely on integration as the primary route to racial equality.
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Gordon, Edward E. Future Jobs. Praeger Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400655227.
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A pervasive disconnect exists between the job/career culture and the present economic reality in America. This book offers powerful strategies for stemming the employment crisis and proposes comprehensive solutions for businesses, government, and job seekers alike. America’s low unemployment rate overshadows the fact that more that 20 million Americans are still unemployed. Moreover, more than eight million jobs are vacant because employers cannot find qualified candidates. It is projected that if this imbalance between available positions and skills is not quickly addressed, more than 14 million jobs will be vacant by 2020, and that many more people out of work. In Future Jobs, historical economist Edward E. Gordon explains how increasingly complex technologies, global demographic shifts, and outdated education-to-employment systems are converging and may imminently cause a labor-market crisis. How can we ensure that enough people possess the skills necessary to holding the jobs of today and tomorrow? This book points to a solution gaining traction across the United States: Regional Talent Innovation Networks (RETAINs), alliances of businesses, educators, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations that successfully bridge the talent gap. Additionally, it provides information on the most promising jobs and careers of the next decade for early-career job seekers and for workers who are looking to change career paths.
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Ballard, John R. Continuity during the Storm. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400631603.
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The long government service of Francois Boissy d'Anglas from 1789 to 1826 is unique, and his abundant writing provides a new look at the great drama of the French Revolution era. A moderate politician who served during the Revolution, the Empire, and the Restoration, Boissy d'Anglas's political views remained consistent during several critical periods when the fate of France was at stake. His political philosophy, based firmly on religious tolerance, freedom of expression, strong constitutional government and equality before the law, made it possible for him to weather the revolutionary storm and retain positions of influence in each of the regimes during the period. This book sheds new light on the role of moderates in the French Revolution and illuminates the changing political currents of the Revolution from Boissy's moderate perspective. A political moderate during a period of extremes, Boissy served for so long because he was committed to ideals, rather than to groups. Yet, during several periods in his career, Boissy also placed himself in danger by acting on his ideals. He held political beliefs that were both appropriate to his time and effective in application. He made many enemies, but the greatest testament to Boissy's life was the constant call of the French people for him to serve.
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Doyle, Randall. Tragedy of Australian Foreign Policy. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978733848.
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The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy is a book that presents a modern-day argument concerning Australia's external affairs policies in the 21st century. The book makes the case that it is time for Australia to move on from its historic British colonial roots and its subsequent subservient roles within the empires of Great Britain and the United States since Federation in 1901. The ongoing military debacle and strategic disaster of the U.S.-led Iraq War has triggered a movement within Australia's intellectual and political communities to rethink Australian foreign policy. An impressive group of dissenters began to question Australia's blind obedience to the post-World War II American empire. And, since the extraordinary publication of The Palace Letters, in 2020, the charm and distinction of being a part of the British Commonwealth has begun to lose its glory and uniqueness for a growing number of Australians. In truth, Australia is a nation in transition. It is becoming an independent Republic. A nation of Australians. Led by an Australian president elected by Australians. The nation of Australia has come of age. No more masters of any kind to rule over it. Australia has finally become the master of its own destiny and fate in the 21st century.
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Beck, Russell. The World of Work to 2030. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781399412704.
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A book that helps make sense of the megatrends playing out in the world today and, as a result, how individuals can future-proof their businesses and careers. In the context of work, consider two headlines that we face on a regular basis. Firstly, that the financial reality is few of us can afford to retire and, secondly, that robots and AI are destroying the very jobs we need to make a living. How are these two realities compatible? At the same time, the business landscape is full of hazards, with globalization, technology, talent shortages, changing consumer choices and politics all making it harder to create and maintain success. Competitors seemingly arrive from nowhere overnight, challenging and upending our markets. It is all up in the air, it is all happening at once and it is happening to all of us. From any perspective – personal or corporate – shouldn’t we seek to understand what is happening and prepare ourselves for what is coming next? The World of Work to 2030 is a practical book that addresses these challenges. With a timeline to enable immediate action to be taken, and backed by extensive research, it is aimed at anyone who wants to know how to navigate the commercial and personal uncertainty of the future. The book considers the megatrends playing out in the world today and then through a series of lenses it explains how businesses and individuals can future-proof themselves. Illustrated through a broad range of case studies applied to markets around the world, this is a smart examination of the future of work and how to overcome its challenges.
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Cole, Jonathan. Hard Talk. The MIT Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14373.001.0001.
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A moving, patient-centered portrait of the social importance of speech, from a medical expert known for his humanizing explorations of health. Language comes to us through culture, environment, and family. Words embed over time, as we use our minds to comprehend them and then our mouths to say, mean, and own them. Without the ability to speak, or when talking becomes difficult, we face a challenge like few others, forced to reconnect with a world that assumes its communicators are eloquent vocally. In Hard Talk, Jonathan Cole takes a necessary look at the privilege of speech so we can better accommodate those for whom it presents problems. Cole creates space for people with a variety of conditions, including cerebral palsy, vocal cord palsy, cleft palate, Parkinson’s, and post-stroke aphasia, to describe in their own words what the experience of difficult speech is like. No struggle is the same. Each develops along its own axis of factors—cognitive, social, and physical—that lead to unique vulnerabilities as well as extraordinary moments of adaptation and resilience. One person finds social chatter becoming more problematic than work speech. Another grows alarmed as changes in speech begin to constrain inner thoughts. Some lose the ability to find or make words though they retain awareness, while others lose self-awareness but maintain fluent speech bereft of meaning. One even loses the ability to speak with family while continuing to interact at work. Hard Talk reacquaints us with the social power of speech while affirming the humane value of listening. Cole also reflects on the neuroscientific advances we’ve made in understanding barriers to speech and how we might reduce them.
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Hannon, Elizabeth, and Tim Lewens, eds. Why We Disagree About Human Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823650.001.0001.
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Is human nature something that the natural and social sciences aim to describe, or is it a pernicious fiction? What role, if any, does ‘human nature’ play in directing and informing scientific work? Can we talk about human nature without invoking—either implicitly or explicitly—a contrast with human culture? It might be tempting to think that the respectability of ‘human nature’ is an issue that divides natural and social scientists along disciplinary boundaries, but the truth is more complex. The contributors to this collection take very different stances with regard to the idea of human nature. They come from the fields of psychology, the philosophy of science, social and biological anthropology, evolutionary theory, and the study of animal cognition. Some of them are ‘human nature’ enthusiasts, some are sceptics, and some say that human nature is a concept with many faces, each of which plays a role in its own investigative niche. Some want to eliminate the notion altogether, some think it unproblematic, others want to retain it with reforming modifications. Some say that human nature is a target for investigation that the human sciences cannot do without, others argue that the term does far more harm than good. The diverse perspectives articulated in this book help to explain why we disagree about human nature, and what, if anything, might resolve that disagreement.
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Philip, Abbott. Challenge of the American Presidency. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978732131.
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According to Niccolo Machiavelli, leaders must always be prepared for unexpected change, sometimes rapidly and in violent and dramatic forms, in order to retain control of their fate. Philip Abbott applies this insight to U. S. presidents. He identifies six major periods of change in the political economic and international sphere and examines how presidents from Washington to Obama responded to new challenges. How presidents are elected, how they are expected to govern, how the economy functions, and what place the nation holds in the international system create general rules that presidents must acknowledge until an alteration in one or more of these patterns changes. The author maintains that, in the American presidency, the difference between success and failure rests with how effectively a president reacts to the changes within these systems during his term in office. Organized chronologically, this text focuses on high risk decisions presidents have made from George Washington's issuance of the Neutrality Proclamation to Obama's promotion of health care legislation. This edition includes new material on the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama as well as updated bibliographical entries. The Challenge of the American Presidency will be of interest to those who teach courses in political science, history and American Studies as well as to the those who are interested in assessing and comparing U. S. presidents.