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Academic literature on the topic 'Rétine – Vieillissement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rétine – Vieillissement"
Courtois, Yves, Jenny Youale, Francine Behar-Cohen, and Émilie Picard. "La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge: La piste du fer." médecine/sciences 36, no. 6-7 (June 2020): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020096.
Full textBehar-Cohen, Francine. "À quand la lumière au bout du tunnel ?" médecine/sciences 36, no. 6-7 (June 2020): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020093.
Full text"Des brocolis, des épinards et des noix contre le vieillissement de la rétine." Journal de Pédiatrie et de Puériculture 19, no. 3 (May 2006): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpp.2006.02.004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Rétine – Vieillissement"
Mendez, Gomez Juan Luis. "Biomarqueurs rétiniens de la maladie d'Alzheimer et du vieillissement cérébral." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0370/document.
Full textThe eye and central nervous system (CNS) have a common embryological origin, and easily observable retinal structures may reflect brain damage. The primary objective of this thesis was to analyze the relationship between retinal disorders and clinical (cognitive decline, dementia) and para-clinical (brain imaging) brain aging manifestations. Two types of retinal "biomarkers" were analyzed: the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and vascular structures. The data used come from the population-based cohort 3-Cities Alienor. We have shown that subjects with reduced RNFL thickness (measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, SD-OCT) showed a reduced episodic memory score (cognitive function that is principally affected in Alzheimer's disease, AD) after 2 years of follow-up; over this short period of time no association with dementia risk was found. A reduced RNFL thickness was also associated with altered MRI parameters in visual pathways and in limbic system regions, which are particularly vulnerable in AD. Finally we have shown that reduced vascular choroid layer thickness was associated with larger white matter hyperintensities volumes. Vascular and neurodegenerative disease processes are associated with brain aging. Thus, alterations in the CNS by AD and brain aging could be reflected in the retina. Other research is still needed before considering the retina as a potential biomarker of brain aging
Simon, Emilie. "Participation des facteurs nutritionnels et environnementaux au vieillissement de la rétine et aux rétinopathies liées à l'âge." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818990.
Full textSimon, Émilie. "Participation des facteurs nutritionnels et environnementaux au vieillissement de la rétine et aux rétinopathies liées à l'âge." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS028/document.
Full textWith advanced age, aging of the human retina can evolve into pathological forms, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Meanwhile, epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as EPA and DHA, potentially protects against the development of AMD and insulin resistance, the main risk factor for DR. Within this context, our research objectives were to assess: 1 - the impact of endogen and environmental factors, known to trigger oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or insulin resistance, on the function and aging of the retina, and 2 - the response of the retina to a omega-3 LC-PUFA-enriched diet in a murine model of aging of the human retina, the ApoB100,LDLR-/- mouse.The animals exposed to oxidative stress and AGEs showed an alteration of the retinal function associated with an accumulation of microglial cells and/or macrophages in the outer retina. The insulin resistance induced a modulation of the expression of genes coding proteins involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and nuclear factors. An omega-3 LC-PUFA-enriched diet improved the incorporation of omega-3 LC-PUFA in the retina and modulated the expression of the LDL-receptor gene in the neurosensory retina.In conclusion, our works reported the adaptive response of the retina to environmental and endogenous factors known to promote aging of the retina. It included the impairment of the retinal function, and the modulation of gene expression. Our data also gave a better understanding of the effects of omega-3 LC-PUFA against aging of the retina
Thierry, Magalie. "Rôle des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires dans l'homéostasie lipidique de la rétine en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques liées au vieillissement." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS044/document.
Full textThe retina is the association of the neurosensory tissue and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Despite the presence of the blood retinal barrier, the retina is submitted to changes of the external milieu, including dietary modulation and environmental stresses. With advanced age, the exchanges of nutrients and elimination of cellular and metabolic wastes via the RPE become limited. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) are the most prevalent retinal pathologies in Western adult populations before and after the age of 50 years, respectively. Geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD are advanced stages of age-related maculopathies. DR afflicts 60% of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients in the first 15 years of the disease. Dietary factors interfere in the development of both AMD and T2D. Accounting the worldwide epidemics of T2D in the one hand, and the improvement of life expectancy in the other hand, medical care to the patients is expected to worsen the socioeconomic burden of both T2D and AMD. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major risk factor for T2D. Lowering the development of MetS would potentially lessen the incidence of T2D, and its complications. The daily intake of omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is now recommended by health agencies for the prevention of MetS. Meanwhile dietary omega 3 LC-PUFA are associated with reduced risk of AMD. The association between T2D, DR, and AMD remains controversial, although large-scale population-based studies have reported increased prevalence of AMD in patients with diabetes or DR. Our objectives were first to evaluate whether MetS would represent a favorable environment for the development of neovascular complications in the retina, and second to test the efficacy of omega 3 LC-PUFA to reduce the consequences of MetS in the retina. For that purpose, a pro-diabetogenic high fructose diet was fed to rats to induce MetS and choroidal neovascularization was triggered by laser impacts in the eye fundus. We focused first on short term diet periods, and showed impairment on cone photoreceptor sensitivity after 8 days, as well as changes in gene expression in relation to crystallin sub-families. A long term - up to 6 months - fructose diet period triggered MetS as illustrated by body fat increase, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia and liver steatosis. Rats exhibited exacerbated laser-induced choroidal neovascularization after 1 and 3 months of feeding, that was associated with up-regulation of genes coding pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF and leptin, as well as infiltration of macrophages and/or activation of retinal microglia. Electroretinographic data showed decreased sensitivity of rod photoreceptors and inner retinal cell functionality at 6 months of feeding. In a second time, the efficacy of dietary omega 3 LC-PUFA (EPA plus DHA) to reduce the consequences of MetS in the retina was tested. Our data showed that a high dose of EPA+DHA in rats did not improve MetS. Furthermore, side effects were generated as illustrated by localized atrophy in the retina submitted to the combination of laser-impacts, and normal light exposure. These works allowed us to suggest that MetS generated a favorable environment in the retina for the development of neovascular complications. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of cones and rods was impaired by MetS. Accounting the deleterious long term effects of omega 3 LC-PUFA in the retina, caution may be taken while recommending massive supplementation with omega 3 LC-PUFA in the context of MetS
Feumi-Jantou, Charles. "Chirurgie de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge : étude rétrospective sur 21 patients." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23010.
Full textSilvestre, Daphné. "Impact of healthy aging on visual internal noise sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS362.
Full textThe unceasing growth of the aging population worldwide is a major public health concern. A major factor responsible for the loss of the elderly’s autonomy is vision loss. This thesis’ aimed to identify the functional and neurobiological alterations responsible for the age-related vision loss using a psychophysical approach. Contrast sensitivity, measuring visual perception, was factorize into equivalent input noise and calculation efficiency. A first study aimed at developing a new paradigm that could give a better understanding of the contrast sensitivity limits with respect to spatio-temporal frequencies and luminance intensity. This paradigm enabled to differentiate the equivalent input noise into three sources of internal noise at different levels of the visual system: at the photoreceptor, retinal and cortical levels. Finally, our paradigm was applied on aging to estimate the proportion in which the three sources of noise were responsible for age-related vision losses. It was found that the elderly absorbed fewer photons than the young adults due to less efficient cones, which could explain their greater difficulties to perform tasks in dim light conditions
Glotin, Anne-Lise. "Sénescence et mort des cellules de l'épithelium pigmentaire de la retine humaine : Rôle du stress oxydant." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D012.
Full textAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the first cause of blindness in the developed world and is characterized by the degeneration of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptors in the macula, which is responsible for central vision. AMD is a multifactorial disease where inflammation, metabolic and oxidative stresses may play a role. The aim of my thesis was to better understand the role of oxidative stress in RPE degeneration. Lethal oxidative stress induced RPE apoptosis mediated by a transient ERK1/2 activation. Cumulative and sublethal oxidative stress induced RPE premature senescence, characterized by transcriptomic modulations associated with defects in several RPE specific functions. These studies highlighted potential targets that may allow the development of future therapeutic strategies to fight against retinal degeneration, such as AMD