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Journal articles on the topic 'Retirement income – Europe, Western'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

HEISIG, JAN PAUL, BRAM LANCEE, and JONAS RADL. "Ethnic inequality in retirement income: a comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe." Ageing and Society 38, no. 10 (2017): 1963–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000332.

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ABSTRACTPrevious research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We focus on the retirement income gap (RIG) between immigrants from non-European Union countries and relate its magnitude to country differences

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Kourouklis, Dimitrios, Georgia Verropoulou, and Cleon Tsimbos. "The impact of wealth and income on the depression of older adults across European welfare regimes." Ageing and Society 40, no. 11 (2019): 2448–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000679.

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AbstractThis paper examines the impact of wealth and income on the likelihood of depression among persons aged 50 or higher in four European regions characterised by differences in the standards of living and welfare systems. To address possible effects, data from Wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) have been used. Based on a sample of 60,864 persons resident in 16 European countries and a binary indicator of depression, probit and instrumental variable probit models were employed, the latter of which deal with issues of endogeneity and omitted variable bias

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Gough, Orla, and Roberta Adami. "Welfare Systems and Adequacy of Pension Benefits in Europe." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 1 (2011): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641100039x.

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During the post-war years many European countries have implemented far-reaching but diverse pension systems with the objective of providing those in retirement with adequate incomes. In this study, we explore the link between pension systems and the adequacy of retirement income. We analyse the mix of public and private pensions and consider the impact of different policies on poverty rates amongst pensioners. We suggest that only a few European countries have been successful in providing combinations of private and public pensions that improve the adequacy of retirement income.

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MÖHRING, KATJA. "Is there a motherhood penalty in retirement income in Europe? The role of lifecourse and institutional characteristics." Ageing and Society 38, no. 12 (2017): 2560–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000812.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the retirement income of women in Europe, focusing on the effect of motherhood. Due to their more interrupted working careers compared to non-mothers and fathers, mothers are likely to accumulate fewer pension entitlements, and consequently, to receive lower incomes in later life. However, pension systems in Europe vary widely in the degree to which they compensate for care-related career interruptions by means of redistributive elements or pension care entitlements. Therefore, care interruptions may matter for the retirement income of women in some countries, but m

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Dingemans, Ellen, and Kène Henkens. "Working After Retirement and Life Satisfaction: Cross-National Comparative Research in Europe." Research on Aging 41, no. 7 (2019): 648–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519830610.

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This study examines differences in life satisfaction between full retirees and working retirees in Europe. We hypothesize that these differences depend on the financial resources of retirees and the resources available in the household and country context. We selected retirees from the “Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe” project and estimated country fixed effects models to explain their life satisfaction. The results indicate a positive relationship between working after retirement and life satisfaction for retirees with low pension income without a partner. Additionally, work

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OLIVERA, JAVIER, and VALENTINA PONOMARENKO. "Pension Insecurity and Wellbeing in Europe." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 3 (2016): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279416000787.

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AbstractThis paper studies pension insecurity in a sample of non-retired individuals aged 50 years or older from 18 European countries. We capture pension insecurity with the subjective expectations on the probability that the government will reduce the pensions of the individual before retirement or will increase the statutory retirement age. We argue that changes in economic conditions and policy affect the formation of such probabilities, and through this, subjective wellbeing. In particular, we study the effects of pension insecurity on subjective wellbeing with pooled linear models, regre

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Hofäcker, Dirk, and Marge Unt. "Exploring the ‘new worlds’ of (late?) retirement in Europe." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 29, no. 2 (2013): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2013.836979.

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After a long period of promoting early retirement, European societies have recently started to implement various reforms aimed at fostering a longer working life. Yet cross-national variations in older workers' employment remain, as institutional path dependency, socio-economic climate and persistent retirement culture have not allowed all countries to implement reforms to the same degree. In our paper, we provide an up-to-date international overview of country-specific contexts that support or hinder the employment of older workers in European countries. To this end, we use information on lab

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Hershey, Douglas A., Kène Henkens, and Hendrik P. van Dalen. "What drives retirement income worries in Europe? A multilevel analysis." European Journal of Ageing 7, no. 4 (2010): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010-0167-z.

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Garcia, Maria Teresa Medeiros. "Individual Retirement Accounts in Portugal." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0010.

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In Portugal, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) were created with significant tax incentives in 1989. To inform the debate with research findings, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of IRAs’ participation, both for retired and no-retired persons. The paper uses ASF (Portuguese Insurance and Pension Funds Supervisory Authority) Statistics and European Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Share) database, Wave 4, and a probit model. The results show that the variables that have a positive and significant impact on the ownership of IRAs are age, years of edu

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JOUSTEN, ALAIN, and MATHIEU LEFEBVRE. "Spousal and survivor benefits in option value models of retirement: an application to Belgium." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 18, no. 1 (2017): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747217000324.

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AbstractWe study retirement incentives with an augmented reduced form option value model à la Stock and Wise (1990). We propose methodological extensions to better reflect the respective incentives faced by singles and couples. Our results show that a more comprehensive modeling of couples’ incentives leads to very different patterns of retirement incentives – particularly for women. We apply the new indicators to data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and retirement in Europe in Belgium and find two key results. First, contrary to several previous studies, we obtain a positive signed income e

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Poškutė, Virginija, Tadas Gudaitis, Teodoras Medaiskis, and Jaroslav Mečkovski. "SEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE PENSION SYSTEM AND STATE SUPPORT FOR FUNDED PENSIONS IN CEE COUNTRIES." Business: Theory and Practice 23, no. 2 (2022): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2022.16250.

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Pension systems around Europe are being reformed for several decades already. Main objectives of the reforms are to enable people to have adequate income at retirement and to ensure the system’s financial sustainability. Many European countries implemented policies aiming at diversification of financing sources of income at older age: risk-sharing between pay-as-you-go and funded pensions is expected to help in achieving social policy objectives towards pension systems. Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) face even more challenges in ensuring adequate income at retirement. First, CEE

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Białowąs, Sylwester, Iwona Olejnik, and Katarzyna Suszyńska. "Securing the old age with real estate." Ekonomia 30, no. 1 (2025): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.30.1.7.

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This paper investigates the role of real estate as a potential source of retirement security for homeowners, focusing on the perceptions and attitudes of property owners. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative individual-in-depth interviews with quantitative analysis of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The findings reveal that additional real estate is primarily viewed as an investment asset, a means of allocating surplus capital, and a source of passive income. Property owners attribute a high level of confi dence and security

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Axelrad, Hila, and Aviad Tur-Sinai. "Switching to Self-Employed When Heading for Retirement." Journal of Applied Gerontology 40, no. 1 (2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819894542.

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Self-employment allows individuals to extend their working lives instead of accepting forced retirement. This study examines transitions to self-employment after age 50 but before retirement age. The study is based on data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), in which 16,412 people from 18 countries contributed 24,583 observations. Multilevel analyses were used; the data were pooled into one dataset, in which individuals (first-level variables) were nested within countries (second-level variables). The results reveal that few employees choose to switch to self-employ

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Rego, Margarida. "Retirement Age: One size does not fit all." Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, no. 2 (2020): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.119-147.

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The European population is aging and, by 2050, Portugal will face a most alarming scenario, with an old-age dependency ratio — i.e. the number of individuals aged 65 or older as a share of the active age population — above 65%, almost double the figure for 2016. Portugal has already undertaken measures to improve the financial resilience of the pension system, but still lacks a better understanding of its social sustainability. We resort to the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to study individual heterogeneity on pension preferences and find that poor health and unemplo

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Iliev, Ilia. "Retirement Is a Foreign Country: Work beyond Retirement and Elder Care in Socialist Bulgaria." Genealogy 6, no. 3 (2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6030065.

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In this article, I investigate state policies in socialist rule in Bulgaria, encouraging pensioners to work beyond retirement and their impact on eldercare. First, I argue that in the 1970s, Bulgarian pensioners began occupying economic niches similar to those of labor migrants in Western Europe. The policies actively promoting work after retirement were introduced in parallel with legislation encouraging older people to distribute their property among potential heirs as a donation instead of their last will. I argue that this combination of work beyond retirement and inheritance patterns had

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VELLADICS, KATALIN, KÈNE HENKENS, and HENDRIK P. VAN DALEN. "Do different welfare states engender different policy preferences? Opinions on pension reforms in Eastern and Western Europe." Ageing and Society 26, no. 3 (2006): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05004551.

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This article examines whether the different welfare states of the European Union member states engender different policy preferences and attitudes among the population. More specifically, it investigates variations in attitudes towards population ageing and pension reforms, and variations in people's retirement age preferences and expectations. It is shown that despite the different cultures and welfare traditions in the old and new member states, there are commonalities in people's value orientations and views about population ageing, not least that the vast majority are pessimistic about the

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Swacha-Lech, Magdalena, Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska, and Łukasz Jurek. "Economic and non-economic determinants of retirement intentions. Empirical evidence from Poland." Argumenta Oeconomica 54, no. 1 (2025): 137–53. https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2025.1.09.

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Aim: The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the factors that have a significant impact on the intention to retire as soon as possible among workers in Poland. Methodology: To achieve this goal the structural equation modelling (SEM) method was used. The data came from the authors’ own study conducted in Poland at the end of 2021 using the computer assisted web interview (CAWI) method on a representative group of employees aged 50 and above. The authors selected a range of potential predictors, including demographic, economic, workplace-related, and psychological. Results: The result

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Zawada, Anna, and Marjukka Mäkelä. "HTA IN CENTRAL-EASTERN-SOUTHERN EUROPE: FINDING ITS WAY TO HEALTH POLICY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 3 (2017): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000988.

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The number of publications on health technology assessment (HTA) from Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe (CESE countries) is still low compared with the north and west of Europe. It is not surprising, as the idea of HTA originated from high-income Western economies and was afterward adopted by the south-eastern part of Europe, which mostly consists of middle-income countries. These CESE countries, with less capacity and experience with HTA processes, must deal with even tougher decisions on financing health technologies than north-western Europe. There may even be a lack of confidence to op

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Mudrazija, Stipica, Jacqueline L. Angel, Ivan Cipin, and Sime Smolic. "Living Alone in the United States and Europe: The Impact of Public Support on the Independence of Older Adults." Research on Aging 42, no. 5-6 (2020): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520907332.

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While we know that living alone is often associated with greater risk of financial hardship, we have limited knowledge on the possible link between the availability of public support and independent living. We use data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study and the 2011–2015 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to compare income and wealth profiles of the population aged 60 and above who are living alone in the United States and 19 European countries. We find that the likelihood of living alone is higher in generous welfare states, with social support and spending both positive

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20

Tselios, Vassilis, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, Andy Pike, John Tomaney, and Gianpiero Torrisi. "Income Inequality, Decentralisation, and Regional Development in Western Europe." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44, no. 6 (2012): 1278–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44334.

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21

Egbeh, Felicia Nonye, Samuel Olutokunbo Adekalu, John Emaimo, et al. "Defining Retirees: Perspectives on Relationship, Happiness and Gratitude in Non-Western Cultures." International Journal of Social Work 12, no. 1 (2025): 40. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v12i1.22790.

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Defining a retiree as retired seems easier and harder than it appears. Persons can be considered to be retired or referred to as retirees if they say they are. The assertion appears harder because of retirees’ personal experience of work, health and earning after retirement. This study presents a qualitative insight of retired civil servants’ perspectives of what defines a ‘retiree’ in non-Western cultures. Purposeful sampling was applied in the study, and qualitative interviews were conducted involving two (2) focus group discussions with six (6) retirees as participants in each group, who ar

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Fabiani, Michele. "To Retire or Not to Retire? A Comprehensive Examination of Retirement Decision Dynamics in Italy." Societies 14, no. 5 (2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc14050063.

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The concept of active aging has become central to the public debate in many Western countries, given the increasing aging of the population and the future challenges associated with it. This phenomenon is tightly intertwined with choices regarding the retirement period, which can be postponed for different reasons by individuals in a society. The purpose of this paper is to understand the personal and family characteristics that influence future choices about retirement date in Italy. Utilizing data provided by the Bank of Italy in the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), a logistic r

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23

Wroński, Marcin. "The relative persistence of income inequality and intra-generational income mobility in Poland during and after the Great Financial Crisis (2008-2015)." Economic Analysis Letters 2, no. 3 (2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/eal02030004.

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Poland has experienced a very sharp rise in income and wealth inequality after the economic transition. We measure the relative persistence of income inequality and intra-generational income mobility in Poland during the period 2008-2015. Our research is based on the panel survey data, our subsample includes 501 households. To measure the persistence of income inequality we calculate Shorrocks’s R coefficient. We find that if inequality is measured by the Gini index the relative persistence of income inequality in Poland is similar to Western Europe. In the case of the Theil index and the Mean

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Arias-Casais, Natalia, Jesús López-Fidalgo, Eduardo Garralda, et al. "Trends analysis of specialized palliative care services in 51 countries of the WHO European region in the last 14 years." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 8 (2020): 1044–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320931341.

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Background: Service provision is a key domain to assess national-level palliative care development. Three editions of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Atlas of Palliative Care monitored the changes in service provision across Europe since 2005. Aim: To study European trends of specialized service provision at home care teams, hospital support teams, and inpatient palliative care services between 2005 and 2019. Design: Secondary analysis was conducted drawing from databases on the number of specialized services in 2005, 2012, and 2019. Ratios of services per 100,000 inhabitan

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Saglam, Yagmur, and Ozge Onkan. "Income convergence and divergence in European regions: Insights and policy implications." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan240925004s.

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The allocation of wealth in society has been a fundamental question and challenge in economics. Concentrating most wealth in a small segment of society while leaving the rest with a smaller portion can lead to income inequality and social issues. Income inequality varies across cultures, historical periods, economic structures, and economic systems. Our study tests and analyzes comparative income convergence in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, and the Baltic regions. It is important to note that our model is region-specific rather than country-specific. Our study asserts that in

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Myant, Martin. "Dependent capitalism and the middle-income trap in Europe na East Central Europe." International Journal of Management and Economics 54, no. 4 (2018): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2018-0028.

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Abstract The post-2008 slowdown in economic convergence by countries of east central Europe towards the level of western Europe is interpreted with the help of a concept of dependent capitalism. Convergence appeared to be rapid up to that year, but then stalled, albeit with differing results depending on the measure used. Dependent capitalism meant that the driver for economic growth comes from inward investment by multinational companies (MNCs). Domestically owned businesses failed when faced with international competition, and their agenda hampers policies supporting an active role from the

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McCarthy, Linda. "European Economic Integration and Urban Inequalities in Western Europe." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, no. 3 (2000): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3189.

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Recent processes of European integration have influenced profoundly the fortunes of cities across Western Europe. Although some cities have benefited, others have been impacted adversely. Income inequalities result from economic growth differentials occurring between different cities over time. The theoretical literature differs on whether increased integration promotes or reduces income disparities. The European Union (EU) assumes that rising inequalities will impair EU growth and lead to even greater disparities. Empirical analysis has concentrated on the EU-defined regions because of proble

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Ohene Kwatia, Benard, Godfred Amewu, and Christopher Boachie. "Examining the impact of personal freedom on income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa and Western European regions." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0302730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302730.

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Rising income inequality has recently garnered intensive attention owing to its significance in theory and practice. This has rendered the mechanism through which inequality can be understood, even from a microscopic perspective, to institute proper policies that curtail it important. We contribute to the literature by examining the effect of freedom on income inequality using data from 34 least-free and 18 most-free countries from 2000 to 2020 in Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Europe, respectively. A novel fixed-effects panel quantile regression econometric estimator was employed, and the fin

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WAHRENDORF, MORTEN. "Previous employment histories and quality of life in older ages: sequence analyses using SHARELIFE." Ageing and Society 35, no. 9 (2014): 1928–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000713.

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ABSTRACTThis article summarizes previous employment histories and studies associations between types of histories and quality of life in older ages. Retrospective information from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used and the occupational situation for each age between 30 and 65 of 4,808 men and 4,907 women aged 65 or older in Europe was considered. Similar histories were regrouped using sequence analyses, and multi-level modelling was applied to study associations with quality of life. To avoid reverse causality, individuals with poor health prior to or during

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Norris, Michelle, and Nessa Winston. "Home-ownership, housing regimes and income inequalities in Western Europe." International Journal of Social Welfare 21, no. 2 (2011): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00811.x.

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Allen, Trevor J. "All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe." Party Politics 23, no. 3 (2015): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068815593457.

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Scholarship on far right parties in Post-Communist Europe has borrowed findings and analytical frameworks from studies on the Western European far right. Similarly, studies on Western European far right parties have increasingly referenced instances of far right success in post-communist states. These parties are similar in their Euroskepticism and exclusionary populism. However, little work has compared voters for the far right between regions. Different political opportunity structures have consequences for far right voter profiles in four important respects. First, the linkage between anti-

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Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska, Patrycja, and Tomasz Rólczyński. "Factors determining the possession of voluntary retirement savings by individuals." Ekonomia 30, no. 1 (2025): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.30.1.2.

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The aim of the article is to identify the demographic, economic, and financial factors influencing savings accumulation in Individual Private Pension Plans across selected European countries. The study utilized 2020 data from the Europe an Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The countries selected for the study were those for which respondents answered the question on accumulating savings in individual pension plans. These countries included Poland, Czechia, Germany, Bulgaria, and Austria. Based on the literature, potential factors that may influence the accumulation of retiremen

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Gurd, Bruce, and Francis Kum Hoong Or. "Attitudes of Singaporean Chinese towards Retirement Planning." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 14, no. 04 (2011): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091511002354.

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While there is a strong research tradition in exploring attitudes to and behavior in relation to retirement planning in Western countries, (e.g., Grable and Lytton, 1997; Jacobs-Lawson and Hershey, 2005) there is less research in Asian societies. Not only are we unaware of whether demographic factors, such as marital status, income level, level of education and gender, have a different impact in Asian countries, we also do not know the impact of Asian cultural values on retirement planning. Using a sample of 613 working Singaporean Chinese between the ages of 20 and 59 we establish that Chines

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Chen, An, Peter Hieber, and Jakob K. Klein. "TONUITY: A NOVEL INDIVIDUAL-ORIENTED RETIREMENT PLAN." ASTIN Bulletin 49, no. 1 (2018): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.33.

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AbstractFor insurance companies in Europe, the introduction of Solvency II leads to a tightening of rules for solvency capital provision. In life insurance, this especially affects retirement products that contain a significant portion of longevity risk (e.g., conventional annuities). Insurance companies might react by price increases for those products, and, at the same time, might think of alternatives that shift longevity risk (at least partially) to policyholders. In the extreme case, this leads to so-called tontine products where the insurance company’s role is merely administrative and l

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Cheng, Mengling, Nicolas Sommet, and Dario Spini. "INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME, AND HEALTH OVER THE LATER LIFE COURSE IN EUROPE: A LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 997. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3211.

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Abstract Evidence from the U.S., UK, and Europe documented that income inequality has modest effects on the social gradient of health. However, few studies investigate how the effect of income inequality on the social gradient of health evolves over the life course. This study aims to examine to what extent, and in what ways, does the effect of income on later-life health trajectory vary across more unequal and less unequal societies. This study used data from the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID, 2004-2020) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE,

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Horackova, Katerina, Miloslav Kopecek, Vendula Machů, et al. "Prevalence of late-life depression and gap in mental health service use across European regions." European Psychiatry 57 (January 15, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.002.

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AbstractBackground We aimed to determine the prevalence and gap in use of mental health services for late-life depression in four European regions (Western Europe, Scandinavia, Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe) and explore socio-demographic, social and health-related factors associated with it.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Participants were a population-based sample of 28 796 persons (53% women, mean age 74 years old) residing in Europe. Mental health service use was estimated using informati

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Pikus, Ruslana, and Anna Khemii. "REFORMING OF PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM OF COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE." Economic Analysis, no. 27(1) (2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.01.131.

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Introduction. Investigation of foreign experience of structural pension reform is important for Ukraine. Pension insurance system in Ukraine has not been reformed in time therefore now it should go through all the stages of reforms in short terms. European countries have already passed all these stages. This process has lasted for decades. Investigation of changes in economic thought on the concept of "reform" all over the world in the context of pension insurance and mechanisms of its implementation in Western Europe in the second half of the twentieth century is a prerequisite for effective

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Leppälä, Matti. "How to Increase Coverage. The Main Challenge for Pensions." Ekonomiaz. Revista vasca de Economía 85, no. 1 (2014): 168–81. https://doi.org/10.69810/ekz.1194.

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The ageing of the population in the economically more developed countries poses great challenges for the adequacy and sustainability of pension systems. Public, mainly pay-as-yougo social security pensions will not provide for an adequate retirement income in the future. One solution is to increase pension savings with coverage supplementary pensions. Occupational pensions have a wider coverage than personal pensions because of its often compulsion based on legislation or quasi-mandatory based on collective agreements. A new phenomenon is softer compulsion with auto-enrolment, which is increas

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KNESEBECK, OLAF VON DEM, MORTEN WAHRENDORF, MARTIN HYDE, and JOHANNES SIEGRIST. "Socio-economic position and quality of life among older people in 10 European countries: results of the SHARE study." Ageing and Society 27, no. 2 (2007): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x06005484.

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This study examines associations between quality of life and multiple indicators of socio-economic position among people aged 50 or more years in 10 European countries, and analyses whether the relative importance of the socio-economic measures vary by age. The data are from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2004. 15,080 cases were analysed. Quality of life was measured by a short version of the CASP-19 questionnaire, which represents quality of life as comprising four conceptual domains of individual needs that are particularly relevant in later life: control (C

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Formanek, Tomas, Anna Kagstrom, Petr Winkler, and Pavla Cermakova. "Differences in cognitive performance and cognitive decline across European regions: a population-based prospective cohort study." European Psychiatry 58 (March 12, 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.001.

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AbstractBackground:A large variation in cognitive performance exists between European regions. However, it is unclear how older Europeans differ in the rate of cognitive decline.Methods:We analysed data from 22 181 individuals (54% women; median age 71) who participated in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured using tests on verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects regression to examine regional differences in the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline.Results:Scandinavians

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Owadally, Iqbal, Jean-René Mwizere, Neema Kalidas, Kalyanie Murugesu, and Muhammad Kashif. "Long-Term Sustainable Investment for Retirement." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095000.

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We consider whether sustainable investment can deliver performance comparable to conventional investment in investors’ long-term retirement plans. On the capital markets, sustainable investment can be achieved through various instruments and strategies, one of them being investment in mutual funds that subscribe to ESG (environmental, social, and governance) principles. First, we compare the investment performance of ESG funds with matched conventional funds over the period 1994–2020, in Europe and the U.S. We find no significant evidence of differing performance (at 5% level) despite using a

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Albertini, Marco, Francesca Zanasi, and Giorgio Piccitto. "THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF INFORMAL CAREGIVING ARRANGEMENTS IN EUROPE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 1141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3665.

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Abstract In ageing societies, the increasing quota of older and frail individuals creates unprecedented needs for care. As care is often costly and not adequately covered by the welfare state, care responsibilities for older individuals fall on the shoulders of family members. The study of informal care provision is acquiring centrality both in the social sciences and policy discourse, since the care load can bear negative consequences on a range of outcomes, from health (e.g., the “caregiver burden”) to employment. It is important to gain a better understanding of which individuals are the mo

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Didden, Bastiaan M. M. "Cross Border Qualification Problems Between Social Security and Supplementary Pension: More Guidance Needed?" EC Tax Review 29, Issue 2 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2020008.

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The encouragement of the accrual of an adequate retirement income has the attention, not only of national governments, but also of the European Commission (EU Member States have initiated reforms of their pension systems, amongst others to provide an adequate pension income. The European Commission stated in 2017 that as part of social protection, every EU citizen should be entitled to an adequate pension, see: European Commission, Commission Recommendation on the European Pillar of Social Rights, C (2017) 2600 final, 26 April 2017, page 8. The European Commission has already expressed this am

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Kalbarczyk-Stęclik, Małgorzata, and Anna Nicińska. "The events of the past and the economic situation and the health of 50+ people in Europe." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 60, no. 5 (2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0847.

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Data from the SHARE panel (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), expanded in the third round SHARELIFE panel, show that the events of the past are important for the development of the current situation and the economic health of living in Europe people aged at least 50 years. Self-assessment of health status and handshake power differ significantly depending on the health and economic status in childhood, the experience gained during periods of ill and medical care in adulthood. For those with the lowest economic status in childhood, stratification has not changed later in life.

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Friedel, Sabine. "What They Expect Is What You Get: The Role of Interviewer Expectations in Nonresponse to Income and Asset Questions." Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology 8, no. 5 (2019): 851–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz022.

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Abstract Personal income and assets are sensitive topics to discuss. This phenomenon is reflected in high rates of nonresponse to financial questions in surveys. In face-to-face surveys, item nonresponse is influenced by interviewers. Although interviewers are trained to conduct standardized interviews, some obtain a higher number of item nonresponses than others. This study examines interviewer effects on nonresponse to questions about household income, bank balances, and interest and dividend income in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). It first investigates the e

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Eeckhout, Patricia Van den. "Waiters, Waitresses, and their Tips in Western Europe before World War I." International Review of Social History 60, no. 3 (2015): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000504.

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AbstractIn nineteenth-century restaurants and cafés, customers’ tips provided the income of an increasing number of waiters and waitresses. Not only did employers refrain from paying serving staff a fixed wage, the latter had to share their employers’ general expenses, while some even had to pay a fee for the privilege of working. Exploring newspapers, pamphlets, reports, and union sources, the article discusses in a comparative way how and why these practices were deployed in Amsterdam, Brussels, Vienna, London, and French and German cities. As a result of the overcrowding of the labour marke

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Hohnerlein, Eva Maria. "Pension indexation for retirees revisited – Normative patterns and legal standards." Global Social Policy 19, no. 3 (2019): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018119842028.

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Maintaining adequate pension levels throughout the entire retirement phase is a persistent challenge in old-age protection. Most public pension schemes in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries provide for some form of indexation for pensions in payment. These mechanisms have been object of frequent revisions for different purposes, in particular across Europe. This article explores the social and financial policy objectives linked to standard indexation parameters in public pension schemes, and offers a rough taxonomy of additional factors used to modify tradi

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Roy, Tirthankar. "Economic Conditions in Early Modern Bengal: A Contribution to the Divergence Debate." Journal of Economic History 70, no. 1 (2010): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050710000094.

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This article contributes to the debate on relative levels of living in the early modern world by estimating the income and probable range of income growth in Bengal before European colonization. The exercise yields two conclusions, (a) average income in Bengal was significantly smaller than that in contemporary Western Europe, and (b) there is insufficient basis to infer either growth or decline in average income in the eighteenth century.

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Ozili, Peterson K. "Discretionary provisioning practices among Western European banks." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 1 (2017): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-07-2016-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate whether discretionary ‘loan loss provisioning’ by Western European banks is driven by income smoothing or credit risk considerations. Design/methodology/approach To test the income smoothing hypothesis, the study uses ordinary least square regression to examine the relation between loan loss provisions and earnings before tax and loan loss provisions in the post-financial crisis period. Findings The authors find evidence that discretionary provisioning by Western European banks is driven by income smoothing incentives in the post-financial cri

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Tytko, Anna, and Hanna Stepanova. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF DECLARING PROPERTY, ASSETS AND PRIVATE INTERESTS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-214-217.

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The aim of the article. To analyse the specificities of asset and private interest declaration by public officials and representatives of political power, as well as to suggest the author’s original differentiation of declarations of assets, income, private interests, and gifts. The subject of the study is the procedure for submitting declarations by persons entrusted with functions of the state and local self-government bodies in some countries of Western Europe. Methodology. In the article, the method of deduction and induction enabled to study the features of violating the requirements of f

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