Journal articles: 'Retransmission scheme'

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Lim, Chansook. "Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174774.

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For smooth integration with middleboxes on the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is favorably considered as a transport-layer protocol for IoT (Internet of Things) networks. In constrained networks, TCP tends to perform well with a small window size. For example, the uIP (micro IP) TCP/IP stack sets the TCP window size to one segment by default. In such a case, managing the retransmission timer is a primary approach to congestion control. In this paper, we examine the congestion control mechanism of TCP in the uIP stack using grid topology networks. In the preliminary test using the Cooja network simulator, the results show that the original uIP TCP causes lots of retransmissions when a radio duty cycling mechanism such as ContikiMAC is used. One main reason is that, once retransmission is deemed to be necessary, the original uIP TCP sets the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO (retransmission timeout) before performing a retransmission. Since ContikiMAC may cause large RTT (round-trip time) variations due to the hidden terminal problem, the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO value may cause lots of retransmissions. To address the problem, we propose a new scheme for managing the retransmission timer which adopts the notion of weak RTT estimation of CoCoA, exponential backoffs with variable limits, and dithering. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces retransmissions while enhancing throughput and fairness when an RDC (radio duty cycling) mechanism is used.

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Henna, Shagufta, and Muhammad Awais Sarwar. "An Adaptive Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Wireless Body Area Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9782605.

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Carrier sense multiple access mechanism with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) may impair the transmission reliability of emergency traffic under high traffic loads, which may result in loss of high valued medical information. Majority of the recent proposals recommend an early retransmission of failed frame while ignoring the history of past failed transmissions. More importantly, these proposals do not consider the number of failed transmissions experienced by each sensor node, thereby affecting the reliability of retransmissions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic retransmission adaptive intelligent MAC (RAI-MAC) scheme. In our proposed scheme retransmission class of each sensor node is decided by the coordinator according to the number of failed transmissions of each node as observed by the coordinator during the last superframe. Based on the retransmission class received from the coordinator, each node adjusts its next backoff value. The proposed scheme increases the probability of successful frame retransmissions without incurring extra overhead. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme based on its adaptive retransmission mechanism achieves higher average throughput and average end-to-end delay, while not compromising on energy efficiency as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 and Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack). Moreover, our scheme appears more stable in terms of average throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency under different values of beacon order (BO) and superframe order (SO).

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Vien, Quoc-Tuan, Le-Nam Tran, and Huan X. Nguyen. "Efficient ARQ Retransmission Schemes for Two-Way Relay Networks." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v7i1.182.

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In this paper1, we investigate different practical automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission protocols for twowaywireless relay networks based on network coding (NC). Theidea of NC is applied to increase the achievable throughput for the exchange of information between two terminals through one relay. Using NC, throughput efficiency is significantly improved due to the reduction of the number of retransmissions. Particularly, two improved NC-based ARQ schemes are designed based on go-back-N and selective-repeat (SR) protocols. The analysis of throughput efficiency is then carried out to find the best retransmission strategy for different scenarios. It is shown that the combination of improved NC-based SR ARQ scheme in the broadcast phase and the traditional SR ARQ scheme in themultiple access phase achieves the highest throughput efficiency compared to the other combinations of ARQ schemes. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.

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McClellan, Stan, Wuxu Peng, and Ed Gonzalez. "Improving Throughput in SCTP via Dynamic Optimization of Retransmission Bounds." Network Protocols and Algorithms 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v7i3.8228.

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The Stream Control Transmission Proto-col (SCTP) is a relatively new transport protocol. Ithas several underlying mechanisms that are similar tothe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as well asseveral improvements that are important in certainclasses of applications. The timeout scheme of SCTP,however, is almost identical to that used in TCP.With the dynamics of today’s Internet, that timeoutscheme may be too passive. This paper presents an al-gorithm which dynamically adjusts the overall contextof the retransmission timeout process without chang-ing the fundamental retransmission mechanisms. Thisapproach manages the impact of fast retransmissionsand timeouts to significantly improve the throughputof SCTP applications. The algorithm has been im-plemented and tested in real network environments.Experimental results show that the algorithm avoidsspurious retransmissions and provides better through-put by intelligently managing RTO boundaries andallowing conventional timeout schemes to participatemore actively in the retransmission process.

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Liu, Hang, Jie Li, and Guang Chen. "High Loss Improved Broadcasting Retransmission Approach Based on Network Coding." Advanced Materials Research 1021 (August 2014): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1021.261.

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When the packet loss rate is high in the wireless networks, the performance of network coding wireless broadcasting retransmission scheme becomes worse. Aiming at the problem of network coding wireless broadcasting retransmission scheme, high loss improved broadcasting retransmission approach based on network coding is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the traditional wireless broadcasting retransmission scheme and the network coding wireless broadcasting retransmission scheme, high loss improved broadcasting retransmission approach based on network coding can ensure the ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the transmission in wireless broadcasting network.

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Ryu, Won-Jae, Jae-Woo Kim, Soo-Young Shin, and Dong-Seong Kim. "On the Performance Evaluations of Cooperative Retransmission Scheme for Cell-Edge Users of URLLC in Multi-Carrier Downlink NOMA Systems." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 24, 2021): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217052.

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has a key feature that the cell-center user (CCU) has prior information about the messages of the cell-edge user (CEU) in the same user-pair. It means that CCU can be used for retransmission when the CEU requests retransmission. As ultra-reliability and low-latency communication (URLLC) requires high-reliability constraints (e.g., 99.999%), using CCU for retransmission can be useful to satisfy the reliability constraint. In this study, to ensure the reliability of CEU, cooperative retransmission (CR) scheme for downlink NOMA systems is proposed. And the CR scheme is evaluated with Block error rate (BLER) considering reliability and with packet loss rate (PLR) in terms of reliability and latency constraints. And the evaluation results showed that the proposed CR scheme can satisfy the target BLER for URLLC low SNR compared to the conventional retransmission scheme, and showed the improved PLR compared to the conventional retransmission scheme in low SNRs.

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Chen, Dai Mei, Xi Hui Fan, Yu Mei Wang, and Yue Du. "Cooperative Retransmission Based on Network Coding with Fourier Matrix for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.701.

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In wireless Ad Hoc networks, the combination of cooperative communication and network coding is an effective technique to improve the efficiency of retransmission. In most literature, nodes cooperated not fully, only as a relay, and XOR or random network coding had some shortage, such as, it was NP-Hard to achieve optimal coding strategy, can't ensure all lost packets can be encoded and the coding matrix must be full rank. This paper proposes a retransmission scheme called CRNCF. In this scheme, nodes cooperated sufficient, and used Fourier matrix's element as coding coefficient which can guarantee the solvability of receiving node, and packet's head only contain the row number of matrix. Simulation results show that CRNCF can improve the performance of the retransmission in aspects of throughput, security, collision probability, and cost of packet‘s head than other schemes.

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Ramezanipour, Iran, Hirley Alves, Pedro H. J. Nardelli, and Ari Pouttu. "A Throughput and Energy Efficiency Scheme for Unlicensed Massive Machine Type Communications †." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082357.

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In this paper, the throughput and energy efficiency of an unlicensed machine type communications network is studied. If an outage event happens in the network, there is a possibility for packet retransmission in order to obtain a lower error probability. The concept of spectrum sharing is used here for modeling the network, which allows the two types of licensed and unlicensed users to share the same uplink channel allocated to the licensed users. However, it is done in a way that no harm is done to the licensed nodes’ transmission for sharing the same channel with the unlicensed users, while licensed nodes’ transmission causes interference on the unlicensed network. Poisson point process is used here to model the location of the nodes and the effect of interference on the network. We study how different factors such as the number of retransmissions, SIR threshold and outage can affect the throughput and energy efficiency of the network. Throughput and energy efficiency are also both studied in constrained optimization problems where the constraints are the SIR threshold and the number of retransmission attempts. We also show why it is important to use limited transmissions and what are the benefits.

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Chen, Jing, Lixiang Liu, Xiaohui Hu, and Wei Tan. "Effective Retransmission in Network Coding for TCP." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2011.1.2200.

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Incorporating network coding into TCP has the advantage of masking packet losses from the congestion control algorithm. It could make a lossy channel appear as a lossless channel for TCP, therefore the transport protocol can only focus on handling congestion. However, most schemes do not consider the decoding delay, thus are not suitable to be implemented in practical systems. We propose a novel feedback based network coding (FNC) retransmission scheme which has high throughput and quite low decoding delay without sacrificing throughput. It uses the implicit information of the seen scheme to acquire the exact number of packets the receiver needs for decoding all packets based on feedback. We also change the encoding rules of retransmission, so as to decode part of packets in advance. The scheme can work well on handling not only random losses but also bursty losses. Our scheme also keeps the end-to-end philosophy of TCP that the coding operations are only performed at the end hosts. Thus it is easier to be implemented in practical systems. Simulation results show that our scheme significantly outperforms the previous coding approach in reducing decoding delay, and obtains the throughput which is close to the scenarios where there is zero error loss. It is particularly useful for streaming applications.

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Lin, Shih-Yang, Miao-Hui Yang, and Shuo Jia. "An Adaptive Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (A-HARQ) Scheme Based on Reinforcement Learning." Electronics 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2023): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194127.

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V2X communication is susceptible to attenuation and fading caused by external interference. This interference often leads to bit error and poor quality and stability of the wireless link, and it can easily disrupt packet transmission. In order to enhance communication reliability, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) technology for both 4G and 5G systems. Nevertheless, it can be improved for poor communication conditions (e.g., heavy traffic flow, long-distance transmission), especially in advanced or cooperative driving scenarios. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (A-HARQ) scheme that can reduce the average block error rate, the average number of retransmissions, and the round-trip time (RTT). It adapts the Q-learning model to select the timing and frequency of retransmission to enhance the transmission reliability. We also design some transmission schemes—K-repetition, T-delay and [T, K]-overlap—which are used to shorten latency and avoid packet collision. Compared with the conventional 5G HARQ, our simulation results show that the proposed A-HARQ scheme decreases the system’s average BLER, the number of retransmissions, and the RTT to 5.55%, 1.55 ms, and 0.97 ms, respectively.

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11

Zheng, Ya Dan, Jian Bo Li, Yong Luo, Ming Ke Dong, and Jian Jun Wu. "Forced-Retransmission Based Hybrid HARQ Scheme for GEO Satellite Communications." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.651.

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In this paper, a hybrid HARQ scheme was proposed by combing forced retransmission and traditional HARQ together, after analyzing the characteristics of satellite channel and the problem encountered when utilizing HARQ scheme in GEO satellite communication system. The forced retransmission can make a packet be correctly decoded more quickly and shorten the waiting delay. Meanwhile, to balance the delay and throughput, the proper parameters were given for the proposed hybrid scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs well at decreasing the waiting delay, especially when SNR is low. The conclusion can be drawn that the proposed scheme can improve the HARQ performance in GEO satellite communication systems.

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Nandi, Arnab, and Sumit Kundu. "Energy Efficient Packet Data Service in Wireless Sensor Network in Presence of Rayleigh Fading." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2011070103.

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Energy level performances of three packet delivery schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are evaluated in presence of Rayleigh fading. Three different information delivery mechanisms are investigated using regenerative relays with or without error correction capability. Energy consumption for successful delivery of a data packet for each mechanism is evaluated and compared under several conditions of node density, bit rate, transmit power, and channel fading. Energy efficiencies of different retransmission schemes are also evaluated. Further, an optimal packet length based on energy efficiency is derived. Impact of optimal packet size on average number of retransmission and total energy expenditure is analyzed for each delivery scheme.

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Lee, Jong-Kwan, Hong-Jun Noh, and Jaesung Lim. "Dynamic Cooperative Retransmission Scheme for TDMA Systems." IEEE Communications Letters 16, no. 12 (December 2012): 2000–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.101712.121854.

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14

Simmons, Jane M. "Proof of correctness of ATM retransmission scheme." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 29, no. 2 (January 1997): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7552(96)00006-2.

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Shi, Xiaoye, Haiting Zhu, Fei Ding, Zhaowei Zhang, and Nan Bao. "Tradeoff-HARQ Scheme for Full-Duplex SWIPT DF Relay." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5550825.

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The SWIPT (simultaneous wireless information and power transfer) DF (decoding and forwarding) relay system could achieve the purpose of both increasing revenue and reducing expenditure. By analysing the system model and transmission characteristics of full-duplex relay, this paper optimizes the retransmission slot structure to enhance the system performance. Firstly, the state transition model is established based on the analysis of the retransmission slot structure. Secondly, the state probability of each state and the transition probability between states are calculated to obtain the total data passing rate, energy transmission efficiency, and total transmission time. Thirdly, in order to compare the performance of various HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) schemes more effectively, JNTP (joint normalized throughput of information transmission and energy transmission) is constructed. Monte Carlo simulations finally confirm that the proposed tradeoff-HARQ scheme outperforms the regular-HARQ scheme in terms of JNTP: the performance of the tradeoff-HARQ scheme is 0.03883 higher than that of the regular-HARQ scheme when the total power limit is 20 dB and 0.00651 higher than that of the regular-HARQ scheme when the total power limit is 30 dB.

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Bucciol, P., E. Masala, E. Filippi, and J. C. De Martin. "Cross-Layer Perceptual ARQ for Video Communications over 802.11e Wireless Networks." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/13969.

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This work presents an application-level perceptual ARQ algorithm for video streaming over 802.11e wireless networks. A simple and effective formula is proposed to combine the perceptual and temporal importance of each packet into a single priority value, which is then used to drive the packet-selection process at each retransmission opportunity. Compared to the standard 802.11 MAC-layer ARQ scheme, the proposed technique delivers higher perceptual quality because it can retransmit only the most perceptually important packets reducing retransmission bandwidth waste. Video streaming of H.264 test sequences has been simulated withnsin a realistic 802.11e home scenario, in which the various kinds of traffic flows have been assigned to different 802.11e access categories according to the Wi-Fi alliance WMM specification. Extensive simulations show that the proposed method consistently outperforms the standard link-layer 802.11 retransmission scheme, delivering PSNR gains up to 12 dB while achieving low transmission delay and limited impact on concurrent traffic. Moreover, comparisons with a MAC-level ARQ scheme which adapts the retry limit to the type of frame contained in packets and with an application-level deadline-based priority retransmission scheme show that the PSNR gain offered by the proposed algorithm is significant, up to 5 dB. Additional results obtained in a scenario in which the transmission relies on an intermediate node (i.e., the access point) further confirms the consistency of the perceptual ARQ performance. Finally, results obtained by varying network conditions such as congestion and channel noise levels show the consistency of the improvements achieved by the proposed algorithm.

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Tong, Zhe, Wei Li, Enrico Zio, Bo Zhang, and Gongbo Zhou. "Online Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Packet Loss Influence-Inspired Retransmission Mechanism." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091422.

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Vibration response has been extensively used for fault diagnosis to ensure the smooth operation of mechanical systems. However, the data for vibration condition monitoring may be misconstrued due to channel quality issues and external disturbances. In particular, data packet losses that often occur during transmission can cause spectral structure distortion, and as multiple sensing nodes are often employed for condition monitoring, the differences in the spectral structure distortions for different sensing nodes can be significant. While retransmission can reduce packet loss, it is difficult to achieve good performance under the complex conditions. Excessive or insufficient retransmission of data streams can result in unacceptable delays or errors for online fault diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a Packet Loss Influence-inspired Retransmission Mechanism (PLIRM) to address this problem and improve the online diagnostic efficiency. First, we devise a scheme for zero padding based on packet loss model (ZPPL) to preserve intrinsic properties of frequency domain. Then, we formulate a dynamic retransmission scheme generated based on the optimal packet loss mode to minimize the effects of spectral structure distortions. To ensure that the data stream that is most sensitive to a fault will be preferentially transmitted, we apply a priority setting trick using maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) to evaluate the spectral structure discrepancies between a data stream and the historical datasets. We evaluate the retransmission scheme using a fault diagnosis model based on K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for timely online bearing fault diagnosis. Extensive experimental results showed that the proposed method can accurately identify the bearing faults in a timely manner, outperforming competitive approaches under packet loss condition.

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Jin, Zuolin, Huan Li, Jingxuan Huang, Xinyi Wang, Zhiyuan Tan, Pengpeng Dong, and Zesong Fei. "Raptor-like Coded Broadcasting for Efficient V2X Communications." Electronics 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2023): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183951.

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Broadcasting is a critical feature in V2X communication, allowing for the simultaneous dissemination of safety-critical messages to all nearby vehicles. However, the requirement for low latency in information dissemination and the need for reliable and efficient data transmission pose significant challenges to broadcasting in V2X communication systems. In this paper, we present a novel raptor-like coded broadcasting (RLCB) scheme for low-latency V2X communications. Firstly, we introduce feedback into a concatenated fountain code, and adjust its precoding and coding structure to achieve effective data deliverance under a limited number of retransmissions for low-latency transmission. Then, based on the raptor-like encoding and decoding structure, we propose a mutual exclusion-based network encoding (MENC) algorithm to enable retransmission in broadcasting scenarios. We also conduct a complexity analysis on the encoding and decoding process of our proposed scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed scheme in reducing the packet error rate (PER) and improving spectral efficiency compared to the R10 code and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme.

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Mahmood, Rehan, Zulin Wang, and Qin Huang. "Efficient Quantization with Linear Index Coding for Deep-Space Images." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6387214.

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Due to inevitable propagation delay involved in deep-space communication systems, very high cost is associated with the retransmission of erroneous segments. Quantization with linear index coding (QLIC) scheme is known to provide compression along with robust transmission of deep-space images, and thus the likelihood of retransmissions is significantly reduced. This paper aims to improve its spectral efficiency as well as robustness. First, multiple quantization refinement levels per transmitted source block of QLIC are proposed to increase spectral efficiency. Then, iterative multipass decoding is introduced to jointly decode the subsource symbol-planes. It achieves better PSNR of the reconstructed image as compared to the baseline one-pass decoding approach of QLIC.

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Nagase, Fumiaki, Takefumi Hiraguri, Akira Kishida, Kentaro Nishimori, and Hideo Makino. "A new long-distance communication retransmission control scheme." IEICE Communications Express 1, no. 3 (2012): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.1.113.

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Mansour, Kaouther, Issam Jabri, and Tahar Ezzedine. "Revisiting the IEEE 802.11n A-MPDU Retransmission Scheme." IEEE Communications Letters 23, no. 6 (June 2019): 1097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2911834.

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Oh, Bong-Hwan, Jechan Han, Kyungmin Kim, and Jaiyong Lee. "A New Receiver-Based Retransmission Scheme with TFRC." IEEE Communications Letters 16, no. 12 (December 2012): 2091–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.101712.121314.

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Li, Lin, Hang Long, Long Zhao, Haojun Yang, and Kan Zheng. "Retransmission scheme for contention-based data transmission systems." IET Communications 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2017.0001.

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Yu, J. X., Yuan Li, H. Murata, and S. Yoshida. "Hybrid-ARQ scheme using different TCM for retransmission." IEEE Transactions on Communications 48, no. 10 (2000): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.871382.

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Manssour, Jawad, Afif Osseiran, and Slimane Ben Slimane. "A Unicast Retransmission Scheme Based on Network Coding." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 61, no. 2 (February 2012): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2178277.

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Cho, Hyunchong, Sangdae Kim, Seungmin Oh, Euisin Lee, and Sang-Ha Kim. "Energy-Efficient and Reliable Face-Routing Scheme in Wireless Networks." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082746.

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Face-routing is one of the reliable recovery schemes when geographic routing fails to transmit data packets. Although studies on face-routing can overcome the failure of the data transmission, they lead to much energy consumption due to frequent data transmissions between adjacent nodes for carrying out the rule of face-routing. To avoid the frequent data transmissions, several face-routing schemes have been recently proposed to transmit data packets to the farthest-neighbor node. However, they happen with many data retransmissions because the farthest-neighbor node has a relatively low transmission success ratio. To solve this problem, we propose a new face-routing scheme that determines the most appropriate neighbor node to balance the trade-off between energy efficiency and transmission reliability with two viewpoints. The first viewpoint focuses on how to increase the distance progress of the data delivery in one-hop range to enhance energy efficiency. After that, the second viewpoint focuses on how to increase the success ratio of the data delivery to enhance the transmission reliability. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the proposed method achieves better performance in terms of energy efficiency than existing face-routing research, and it is better than recent face-routing research in terms of reliability and retransmission.

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Chen, Yui-Liang, and Hong-Hsu Yen. "MAC-Aware and Power-Aware Image Aggregation Scheme in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks." Journal of Sensors 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/414731.

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Traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) transmit the scalar data (e.g., temperature and irradiation) to the sink node. A new wireless visual sensor network (WVSN) that can transmit images data is a more promising solution than the WSN on sensing, detecting, and monitoring the environment to enhance awareness of the cyber, physical, and social contexts of our daily activities. However, the size of image data is much bigger than the scalar data that makes image transmission a challenging issue in battery-limited WVSN. In this paper, we study the energy efficient image aggregation scheme in WVSN. Image aggregation is a possible way to eliminate the redundant portions of the image captured by different data source nodes. Hence, transmission power could be reduced via the image aggregation scheme. However, image aggregation requires image processing that incurs node processing power. Besides the additional energy consumption from node processing, there is another MAC-aware retransmission energy loss from image aggregation. In this paper, we first propose the mathematical model to capture these three factors (image transmission, image processing, and MAC retransmission) in WVSN. Numerical results based on the mathematical model and real WVSN sensor node (i.e., Meerkats node) are performed to optimize the energy consumption tradeoff between image transmission, image processing, and MAC retransmission.

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Yin, Kangyong, Haosheng Huang, Wei Liang, Hongwu Xiao, and Lei Wang. "Network Coding for Efficient File Transfer in Narrowband Environments." Information Technology and Control 52, no. 3 (September 26, 2023): 638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.52.3.33092.

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Achieving efficient end-to-end file transfer is challenging in a narrow-band communication environment with high latency and high packet loss rate. The traditional TCP-based scheme and the UDP-based automatic retransmission scheme have defects in the transmission performance, which cannot meet the increasing user demands. This paper proposes a high-efficiency file transfer scheme based on random linear network coding and the Kalman filtering algorithm to implement efficient end-to-end file transfer in narrow-band environment. The scheme predicts the link quality of file transmission through the Kalman filter algorithm and designs an adaptive coding strategy for file transfer through random linear network coding. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional file transfer schemes.

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Al-Jobouri, Laith, Martin Fleury, and Mohammad Ghanbari. "Robust IPTV Delivery with Adaptive Rateless Coding over a Mobile WiMAX Channel." ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (August 17, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/481247.

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As intelligent content management of IPTV moves popular material nearer to the end-user, application-layer channel coding schemes, involving the retransmission of extra redundant data, become attractive as a result of the reduced latency. Application-layer, adaptive rateless channel coding is exploited in this paper's scheme to reconstruct streamed video across an IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) channel. The paper concentrates on the trade-offs in implementing the scheme, showing that exact calculation of the redundant data has the potential to reduce the forward error correction bit-rate overhead. To reduce delay, an appropriate compression rate should also be selected.

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Park, Seunghyun, Hyunhee Park, and Eui-Jik Kim. "Distributed Relay-Assisted Retransmission Scheme for Wireless Home Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 4 (January 2014): 683146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/683146.

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Sunghyun Choi, Youngkyu Choi, and Inkyu Lee. "IEEE 802.11 MAC-Level FEC scheme with retransmission combining." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2006.1576544.

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Sood, Roopali, and Atul Garg. "Adaptive Retransmission Scheme for Traffic Steering in Wireless Networks." International Journal of Applied Research on Information Technology and Computing 6, no. 2 (2015): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-8089.2015.00016.0.

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Farhad, Arshad, Dae-Ho Kim, and Jae-Young Pyun. "Resource Allocation to Massive Internet of Things in LoRaWANs." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092645.

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A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) adapts the ALOHA network concept for channel access, resulting in packet collisions caused by intra- and inter-spreading factor (SF) interference. This leads to a high packet loss ratio. In LoRaWAN, each end device (ED) increments the SF after every two consecutive failed retransmissions, thus forcing the EDs to use a high SF. When numerous EDs switch to the highest SF, the network loses its advantage of orthogonality. Thus, the collision probability of the ED packets increases drastically. In this study, we propose two SF allocation schemes to enhance the packet success ratio by lowering the impact of interference. The first scheme, called the channel-adaptive SF recovery algorithm, increments or decrements the SF based on the retransmission of the ED packets, indicating the channel status in the network. The second approach allocates SF to EDs based on ED sensitivity during the initial deployment. These schemes are validated through extensive simulations by considering the channel interference in both confirmed and unconfirmed modes of LoRaWAN. Through simulation results, we show that the SFs have been adaptively applied to each ED, and the proposed schemes enhance the packet success delivery ratio as compared to the typical SF allocation schemes.

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Liu, Ningchun, Shuai Gao, Lei Yu, and Guobiao He. "A Secure and Cached-Enabled NDN Forwarding Plane Based on Programmable Switches." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (November 3, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4466942.

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Recently, the rapid development of software-defined networking (SDN) and programming protocol-independent packet processors (P4) provides a potential possibility for the deployment of Named Data Networking (NDN), which has aroused tremendous attention in academia. Existing P4-based NDN solutions mainly focus on how to describe the stateful forwarding characteristics of NDN in a programmable switch environment. However, the existing solutions still face many challenges such as cache availability and data confidentiality and do not support retransmission of interest packets and multicast forwarding of data packets. In this paper, we propose a new NDN forwarding plane based on programmable switches to address the above challenges. We design a decoupled cache module to avoid a large impact on the data plane forwarding performance when the cache function is enabled. Also, we enhance the design of the existing P4-based NDN forwarding plane to support interest retransmission and multicast forwarding of data packets. In addition, with the advantage of network programmability of P4 technology, we extend the content permutation algorithm and integrate it into the NDN forwarding plane, which makes our scheme support lightweight secure forwarding. Finally, we evaluate our scheme in the prototype system and conduct comparative experiments with representative schemes. Experiment results show that our scheme outperforms it in terms of content retrieval latency and received throughput and can support lightweight secure forwarding with low cost.

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Wang, Lian, and Min Liu. "A New Cache-Based Network Coding Retransmission Scheme in Wireless Communication Networks." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2318.

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Cache-based network coding has been proposed recently as an effective method to improve retransmission efficiency. In this way, the receiver will cache the encoded packets that cannot be decoded rather than delete. However, some cache-based methods neglect the overlap relationship among encoded packets or cached encoded packets. In this paper a new cache-based network coding retransmission scheme in wireless communication networks (CNCR) has been proposed, in which the buffer list of failed encoded packets at the receiver will be updated by simplifying the cached encoded packets according to their overlap relationship. Furthermore the special case " the cross relation " has been introduced, the requested packet in this case will be retransmitted immediately, and the fast decoding of encoded packets cached in the buffer list can be realized. Finally the simulation results show that CNCR can improve the recovery efficiency, and have apparently superiority to previous works proposed.

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Lee, Sungwon, Yeongjoon Bae, Muhammad Toaha Raza Khan, Junho Seo, and Dongkyun Kim. "Avoiding Spurious Retransmission over Flooding-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839541.

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In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also ACK messages are transmitted through multiple routes however still some packet loss will degrade the performance. So, to provide high reliability of message delivery, an efficient retransmission mechanism is inevitable. Though, if the network uses conventional transport layer protocol such as TCP, it will suffer a spurious retransmission problem as TCP was originally not designed for the multipath environment. In this paper, we propose route discrimination for flooding-based routing to reduce spurious retransmission in UWSN to solve the limitation. The notion of ACK copies waiting time (ACWT) is utilized which is selectively updated based on the similarity of paths of transmission of ACK message copies. We also improved our previous solution that lacks flexibility to cope with dynamic link error characteristics. Through evaluation, we verified that our new scheme achieves the performance improvements of 14%~84% in terms of retransmission ratio compared to the previous research.

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Ma, Ruiping, Liudong Xing, and Yujie Wang. "Performance Analysis of Reed-Solomon Codes for Effective Use in Survivable Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.1.002.

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In wireless sensor networks, data transmitted over wireless channels can get corrupted or lost due to channel noises and interferences. Error control coding is a technique that enables reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. By adding redundancy to the transmitted data, error control codes allow the decoder to recover the original data based on partial data information received. The codes allow the receiver to recover errors or data loss without retransmission, thus making them suitable for applications where retransmissions are costly or impossible. Due to the stringent energy constraint of battery-powered sensor nodes, it is vital to use the energy-efficient error control scheme. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with the objective to optimize their design factors, leading to optimal bit error performance over both Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and Rayleigh fading channels.

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Vanitha, D. Veera, and M. Sabrigiriraj. "Analysis of Hybrid Buffering and Retransmission in OBS Networks." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/159245.

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Burst contention is a major problem in the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Due to inadequate contention resolution techniques, the burst loss is prominent in OBS. In order to resolve contention fiber delay lines, wavelength converters, deflection routing, burst segmentation, and retransmission are used. Each one has its own limitations. In this paper, a new hybrid scheme is proposed which combines buffering and retransmission, which increases the mean number of bursts processed in the system. In this hybrid method, retransmission with controllable arrival and uncontrollable arrival is analyzed. Normally all the bursts reach the first hop and few of them go for second hop to reach destination. After all the bursts reach the destination the server may go for maintenance activity or wait for the arrival of next burst. We model it as a batch arrival single server retrial queue with buffer. Numerical results are analyzed to show the mean number of bursts processed in the system with uncontrollable arrival and controllable arrivals.

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XIAO, Xiao. "Multi-node wireless broadcasting retransmission scheme based on network coding." Journal of Computer Applications 28, no. 4 (April 20, 2008): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.00849.

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WANG, Yumei, Jiawei LIANG, Hao WANG, Eiji OKI, and Lin ZHANG. "ePec-LDPC HARQ: An LDPC HARQ Scheme with Targeted Retransmission." IEICE Transactions on Communications E99.B, no. 10 (2016): 2168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2016ebp3004.

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Liew, S. C., and P. C. K. Wu. "A streaming-protocol retransmission scheme without client-server clock synchronization." IEEE Communications Letters 3, no. 7 (July 1999): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.775261.

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Nanda, S., R. Ejzak, and B. T. Doshi. "A retransmission scheme for circuit-mode data on wireless links." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 12, no. 8 (1994): 1338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.329341.

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Naddafzadeh Shirazi, Ghasem, Peng-Yong Kong, and Chen-Khong Tham. "A Low-Overhead Cooperative Retransmission Scheme for IR-UWB Networks." Research Letters in Communications 2008 (2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/291858.

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The UWB unique properties such as fine ranging and immunity to small scale fading are utilized in order to exploit the multiuser diversity in UWB networks. The optimal cooperation strategies in the absence of control packet overhead are analyzed in the proactive and reactive settings. It is shown that the proposed method achieves a considerable diversity gain while minimizing the overhead of control packet exchange that is required for coordination among the relays.

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Shih-Chi Huang and Yih-Fang Huang. "A constrained vector quantization scheme for real-time codebook retransmission." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 4, no. 1 (1994): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/76.276167.

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Gao, Zhenguo, Weidong Xiang, Guozhen Tan, Nianmin Yao, and Peihua Li. "An enhanced XOR-based scheme for wireless packet retransmission problem." International Journal of Communication Systems 27, no. 12 (June 3, 2013): 3657–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.2565.

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Hou, Rui, Jianyun Lei, Tengyue Mao, and Tingting He. "A QoS-supported controlled burst retransmission scheme in OBS networks." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, no. 2 (November 25, 2014): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22055.

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Chen, Li Qing, Cheng Fu Sun, and Quan Yin Zhu. "A Novel Group Key Agreement Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Merkle Identity Tree." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.869.

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One of the key issues in wireless sensor networks is to design efficient and secure group key agreement scheme. The Merkle identity tree is firstly introduced, then an efficient scheme based on Merkle identity tree is proposed. With this scheme, the direct and secure communications between any subgroups without retransmission could be implemented. The security of the scheme can be assured under the complexity assumptions. The detailed analysis of the initialization procedure, subgroup key agreement procedure, group communication procedure and rekeying procedure when membership changes, including joining and leaving, shows that the scheme is efficient in computation and communication cost.

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Ben Halima, Nadhir, Dzmitry Kliazovich, and Fabrizio Granelli. "Service-Aware Retransmission Control in Cellular Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/256964.

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This paper proposes a service-aware cross-layer approach between application/transport layers on the mobile terminal and link layer on the wireless base station to enable dynamic control on the level of per-packet error protection for multimedia data streams. Specifically, in the context of cellular networks, the proposed scheme enables the mobile terminal to specify to the base station the desired level of Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) protection by using an in-band control feedback channel. Such protection is dynamically adapted on a per-packet basis and depends on the perceptual importance of different packets as well as on the reception history of the flow. Experimental results demonstrate the potential benefits deriving from the proposed strategy either for audio and video real-time streams as well as for TCP-based data transfers.

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Wang, Hongchao, Jian Ma, Dong Yang, and Mikael Gidlund. "Efficient Resource Scheduling for Multipath Retransmission over Industrial WSAN Systems." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183927.

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With recent adoption of Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) in industrial automation, wireless control systems have emerged as a frontier of industrial networks. Hence, it has been shown that existing standards and researches concentrate on the reliability and real-time performance of WSANs. The multipath retransmission scheme with multiple channels is a key approach to guarantee the deterministic wireless communication. However, the efficiency of resource scheduling is seldom considered in applications with diverse data sampling rates. In this paper, we propose an efficient resources scheduling algorithm for multipath retransmission in WSANs. The objective of our algorithm is to improve efficiency and schedulability for the use of slot and channel resources. In detail, the proposed algorithm uses the approaches of CCA (clear channel assessment)-Embedded slot and Multiple sinks with Rate Monotonic scheme (CEM-RM) to decrease the number of collisions. We have simulated and implemented our algorithm in hardware and verified its performance in a real industrial environment. The achieved results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the schedulability without trading off reliability and real-time performance.

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Shi, Huaguang, Meng Zheng, Wei Liang, and Jialin Zhang. "AODR: An Automatic On-Demand Retransmission Scheme for WIA-FA Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 6 (June 2021): 6094–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3076988.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Retransmission scheme'

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