Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retrenchments / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Retrenchments.

Journal articles on the topic 'Retrenchments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Retrenchments.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Ngele, Thulane, and Marteen Erasmus. "The adequacy of the current social plan to address retrenchment challenges in South Africa." SA Journal of Human Resource Management 6, no. 1 (October 24, 2008): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v6i1.133.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the Social Plan Guidelines is to manage large-scale retrenchments and ameliorate their effects on employees. In this study a comprehensive literature review and two case studies were conducted to review the theoretical and practical application of the Social Plan. The research findings identified various challenges that inhibit the effective management of retrenchments. These challenges were analysed and interpreted and a new model to effectively manage retrenchments was developed. The new model is centred on a company’s business plan; the concept is a participative performance-driven governance approach between management and employees focusing on business results. The new model suggests that the employment relations management and corporate social investment of an organisation be utilised as vehicles to manage retrenchments effectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Barba, A. "Rethinking expansionary fiscal retrenchments." Contributions to Political Economy 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/20.1.57.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Banach, R., and C. Jeske. "Stronger compositions for retrenchments." Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 79, no. 3-5 (April 2010): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlap.2009.10.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Lindenfeld, Frank. "The Retrenchments at Cheyney University." Humanity & Society 13, no. 2 (May 1989): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059768901300209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Balduzzi, Pierluigi, Giancarlo Corsetti, and Silverio Foresi. "Yield-curve movements and fiscal retrenchments." European Economic Review 41, no. 9 (December 1997): 1675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(96)00059-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Banach, R., and C. Jeske. "Simple feature engineering via neat default retrenchments." Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 80, no. 8 (November 2011): 453–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlap.2010.12.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Larsen, Erik Gahner. "Welfare Retrenchments and Government Support: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." European Sociological Review 34, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcx081.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lim, Guay C., Chew Lian Chua, Edda Claus, and Sarantis Tsiaplias. "Review of the Australian Economy 2008-09: Recessions, Retrenchments and Risks." Australian Economic Review 42, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2009.00543.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Pollin, Robert, and Brian Callaci. "The Economics of Just Transition: A Framework for Supporting Fossil Fuel–Dependent Workers and Communities in the United States." Labor Studies Journal 44, no. 2 (July 18, 2018): 93–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x18787051.

Full text

Abstract:

We develop a Just Transition framework for U.S. workers and communities that are currently dependent on domestic fossil fuel production. Our rough high-end estimate for such a program is a relatively modest $600 million per year. This level of funding would pay for (1) income, retraining, and relocation support for workers facing retrenchments; (2) guaranteeing the pensions for workers in the affected industries; and (3) mounting effective transition programs for what are now fossil fuel–dependent communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Smith, Gail. "Cutting Threads: Retrenchments and Women Workers in the Western Cape Clothing Industry." Agenda, no. 48 (January 1, 2001): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4066512.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Miranda-Agrippino, Silvia, and Hélène Rey. "U.S. Monetary Policy and the Global Financial Cycle." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 6 (May 8, 2020): 2754–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaa019.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract U.S. monetary policy shocks induce comovements in the international financial variables that characterize the “Global Financial Cycle.” A single global factor that explains an important share of the variation of risky asset prices around the world decreases significantly after a U.S. monetary tightening. Monetary contractions in the US lead to significant deleveraging of global financial intermediaries, a decline in the provision of domestic credit globally, strong retrenchments of international credit flows, and tightening of foreign financial conditions. Countries with floating exchange rate regimes are subject to similar financial spillovers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Taylor, John B. "The Role of Policy in the Great Recession and the Weak Recovery." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.61.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports on recent research showing that the severe recession of 2007-2009 and the weak recovery have been due to poor economic policies and the failure to implement good policies during the past decade. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and regulatory policy became more discretionary, more interventionist, and less predictable in comparison with the previous two decades of better economic performance. At best these policies led to growth spurts, but were followed by retrenchments, averaging to poor performance. The paper also considers alternative views-that the equilibrium interest rate declined during the decade and that the seriousness of financial crisis caused the slow recovery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wooden, Mark. "The Impact of Redundancy on Subsequent Labour Market Experience." Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 1 (March 1988): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568803000101.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years concern with the problems arising from joblessness and redundancy has increased. This article attempts to identify influences on the subsequent labour market experience of workers niade redundant. This study is an extensive review of the case-study evidence on redundancy situations, both in Australia and overseas. It is concluded that the probability and speed of re-employment are affected by the state of the local labour market, the scale of the retrenchments relative to the local labour market, the breadth of the industrial base of the region in which the redundancies occur, the promptness and intensity of job search, and various personal characteristics of the workers involved such as age, skill, education and family status.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Strauss, Julia. "Foreword by the Incoming Editor." China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902000517.

Full text

Abstract:

This issue heralds another changing of the editorial guard at The China Quarterly. In his six years at the helm, Rick Edmonds has done a sterling job of keeping up the scholarly standards of The China Quarterly and has seen the journal through increasingly interesting times: the institutional retrenchments that have hit academic publishing across the board, the switch from Oxford University Press to Cambridge University Press in 2001, and an increasing diversity and volume of submissions. Rick deserves a great deal of credit for all that he has given and done for the journal over the past six years, and I would like to open my statement with an enormous “thank you” to Rick.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Шовель, Луи. "The Western Middle Classes under Stress: Welfare State Retrenchments, Globalization, and Declining Returns to Education." Мир России 29, no. 4 (September 19, 2020): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1811-038x-2020-29-4-85-111.

Full text

Abstract:

Citation: Chauvel L. (2020) The Western Middle Classes under Stress: Welfare State Retrenchments, Globalization, and Declining Returns to Education. Mir Rossii, vol. 29, no 4,pp. 85–111. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-85-111 Following the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Gustav Schmoller before him, the multipolarity of the middle classes between higher and lower, and between cultural and economic capitalsis well acknowledged. This old vision is useful to understand the “middle classes adrift” of the last 20 years in France and Continental Europe. The expansion of the “new wage earner middle class” of the 1960s to 1990s is now an old dream of the welfare state expansion of Western societies, and the European social structure now faces a trend of repatrimonialization”, meaning a U-turn towards a decline in the value of mid-qualified work and an expansion of the return to the inheritance of family assets. This paper addresses three main points. First, a new description of repatrimonialization is useful in the specific European context of middle-class societies. We need a redefinition of the system of middle classes (plural) in the context of the construction and decline of strong welfare states. Second, there are three ruptures in the social trends of the ‘wage earner society’ of the 1960s to 1990s. In this period, economic growth, social homogenization and social protection were major contextual elements of the expansion of ‘the new middle class,’ based on educationalmeritocracy, the valorization of credentialed skills, and the expansion of the average wage compared to housing and capital assets (‘depatrimonialization’). After the 1990s, the rupture and reversal of these trends, with ‘stagnation’, ‘new inequalities’ and ‘social uncertainty’ as new trends, generated a backlash in the “middle class society”. Third, I analyze the demographic and social consequences of these new trends in terms of the shrinking of the middle classes in a context where the inheritance of assets and resources changed the previous equilibrium. Finally, I highlight the importance of addressing the problem of social stability when large strata of the middle class have less interest in the maintenance of the social order.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mooi-Reci, I. "Retrenchments in Unemployment Insurance Benefits and Wage Inequality: Longitudinal Evidence from the Netherlands, 1985-2000." European Sociological Review 28, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Beqiraj, Elton, Silvia Fedeli, and Massimiliano Tancioni. "Fiscal retrenchments and the transmission mechanism of the sovereign risk channel for highly indebted countries." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 57 (July 2021): 101400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2021.101400.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Oliver, Damian, and Serena Yu. "The Australian labour market in 2016." Journal of Industrial Relations 59, no. 3 (May 11, 2017): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617693875.

Full text

Abstract:

The Australian labour market in 2016 was characterised by fragmented improvements. While headline economic growth has strengthened, a pessimistic business environment has been accompanied by patchy employment growth. This growth has been driven by male part-time employment and roles in the lower wage segments of the labour market, including clerical, community service and manual labour occupations. While the unemployment rate has fallen and retrenchments have dropped across the labour market, youth unemployment remains stubbornly high, while older job seekers have become more likely to fall into long-term unemployment. High youth unemployment has stimulated debate about the role and regulation of unpaid work experience, while popular commentary about the effects of automation on the labour market is yet to appear in the statistics. Wage growth remains very subdued.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Naidoo, Kammila, Rachel Matsie, and Angela Ochse. "‘Resting’, AIDS-affliction and marital constraints: Engendered livelihood issues in the aftermath of Lesotho mineworker retrenchments." Development Southern Africa 28, no. 5 (December 2011): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2011.623925.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Carlton, R. A. "Microscopy in Pharmaceutical Development." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022510.

Full text

Abstract:

Many different microscopic techniques are utilized in the development of new pharmaceuticals. For that reason, pharmaceutical companies have supported microscopy and microscopists even in the face of retrenchments in many other industries. Microscopy has the following three major uses in pharmaceutical development: 1) solid-state characterization of drug substance; 2) particle size analysis; 3) contaminant identification. Microscopy is also an important component of the study of the biological activity of drugs but that subject will not be discussed here.The analysis of the solid-state properties of new drug candidates is probably the most important and challenging subject of study for pharmaceutical microscopists.1 The primary objective of these studies is identification of the most suitable solid-state form (i.e. polymorph, solvate, hydrate) of the drug substance for development. Polarized light microscopy (PLM), thermal microscopy (TM), infrared microspectroscopy (IR), and Raman microspectroscopy (RM) are all utilized in these studies. Both PLM and TM are used to discover new polymorphs and solvates of the chemical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Viajar, Verna Dinah Q. "Implications of Economic Globalization on Labor Market Policies: A Comparative study of the Philippines and Indonesia." Philippine Political Science Journal 30, no. 1 (December 16, 2009): 89–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-03001004.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay examines the implications of economic globalization on the labor markets in the Philippines and Indonesia. Today’s economic globalization characterized by liberalization of the market, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and minimal government intervention in the economy, results in job losses, retrenchments and irregular employment and rising wage differentials among workers. Both countries follow liberal economic policies that have constrained the state’s response in terms of labor market policies to mitigate the negative impact of economic globalization. Free market proponents consider as labor rigidities the state’s policy interventions in the labor market and the participation of trade unions. Labor flexibility and the free interplay of labor supply and demand are the ones valued in the liberalized labor market. Though constrained and weakened to address the economic restructuring brought about by globalization, the labor movements in the Philippines and Indonesia continue to find ways to develop new unionisms and strategies to organize themselves as social movements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Podestà, Federico. "Did the conservative resurgence matter? A counterfactual replication of Pierson’s analysis on Reagan and Thatcher’s welfare state retrenchments." Comparative European Politics 18, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 819–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41295-020-00211-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Fernández, Juan J. "Economic crises, population aging and the electoral cycle: Explaining pension policy retrenchments in 19 OECD countries, 1981–2004." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 2012): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715212450043.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Littmarck, Sofia, Judith Lind, and Bengt Sandin. "Negotiating Parenting Support: Welfare Politics in Sweden between the 1960s and the 2000s." Social Policy and Society 17, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000574.

Full text

Abstract:

Parent education surfaced as a political question in Sweden in the 1960s and support for parents has since remained on the political agenda. Despite different views on the ideal relationship between the welfare state, the family and children, support for parents has been advocated by parties from all over the political spectrum. By tracing the political debate, this article addresses the question of how the notion of support for parents was adapted to different political ideas, ideologies and ways of defining the relationship between state, family and children from the 1960s until the 2000s in Sweden. We analyse the arguments that different political parties offered and the varying meanings attributed to terms like ‘parent education’ (föräldrautbildning) and ‘parenting support’ (föräldrastöd) during three different phases in the transformation of the Swedish welfare state: the final period of its expansion in the 1960s and 1970s; the economic crisis and retrenchments of welfare services in the 1990s; and the era of individual responsibility in the 2000s. Support for parents has been actualised as a solution to different social and political problems and the notions of parent education and parenting support have proven the capacity to accommodate different political ideas, ideologies and visions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lambert, Rob, and Edward Webster. "Searching for Security: Case Studies of the Impact of Work Restructuring on Households in South Korea, South Africa and Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 5 (November 2010): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610381672.

Full text

Abstract:

The reconfiguration of the employment relationship — through the growing intensification, informalization and casualization of work, downsizing and retrenchments — impacts directly on workers’ households and the communities within which they are embedded. To understand these responses, we need to rethink the way we study the changing employment relationship. Employment relations should not only analyse the workplace: we need to research workers in the totality of their lives. To comprehend these processes we surveyed and interviewed workers in the workplace and in their households and communities. Through following workers into their homes and communities in South Africa, Australia and South Korea, the differential impact of the global restructuring of one industry, the white goods industry, on the non-working life of working people emerged. Two types of responses were identified: on the one hand, a retreat from, or an adaptation to, rapid market liberalization; on the other, mobilization to challenge the market. All three research sites evidenced innovative attempts at the local level to search for security. However, these responses lacked an overall vision of alternative possibilities to the realities of the free market paradigm of globalization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ranga, Dick. "Determinants of the Return Migration of Household Heads from South Eastern Zimbabwe to South Africa During Prolonged Crisis, 2000-16." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 4 (January 27, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2688.

Full text

Abstract:

The study assessed return migration by heads of households that migrated during the prolonged crisis, 2000-16. It collected data among 166 households from four districts in South Eastern Zimbabwe. Most of the male household heads had previously migrated, half of them to South Africa. Non-migrant heads were mainly females who remained behind when their husbands migrated to South Africa or urban areas. Both heads who returned from migrating to South Africa and locally to urban areas came back during 2011-15 with the desire to reunite with families. This period was associated with severe retrenchments by Zimbabwean companies that attempted to survive the shrinking economy. Yet it was also an attractive period to return home for international migrants because of the stability brought by the adoption of multiple currencies. Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2015 also â€˜pushedâ€™ some of the heads into returning home. International return migrants were significantly younger and had lower levels of education than internal and non-migrants. Three-tenths of them returned into households having traditional huts as their main houses which suggested that migration was unsuccessful for them. There is a need for restoration of stability soon after a crisis since this helps attract back human capital.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hudson, Kenneth, and Andrea Coukos. "The Dark Side of the Protestant Ethic: A Comparative Analysis of Welfare Reform." Sociological Theory 23, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00240.x.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the impact of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism on the recent welfare reform movement and the 19th-century campaign to abolish outdoor relief. Contemporary advocates of welfare reform adopted the 19th-century model of charity organization and reform as their exemplar. The welfare reform movement focused on the morals of the poor and “welfare dependence,” while the 19th-century movement attempted to eliminate the distribution of aid outside the poorhouse and to discourage “indiscriminate almsgiving”“ on the part of individuals. We argue that the Protestant ethos represents a uniquely Anglo-American variety of Calvinist Puritanism. We also show that while this ethos is a fairly constant component of American culture it has under certain conditions produced severe retrenchments in aid to the poor that is welfare reform and the abolition of outdoor relief. These conditions include the presence of a tight labor market and political mobilization by advocates of reform. Drawing on Ragin's (1987) model of conjunctural causation, we argue that both conditions must be met before such reform movements are likely to occur. We also employ the comparative method to show why alternative explanations based on economic and demographic factors are inadequate to explain the events in question.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rogerson, Jayne, Refiloe Lekgau, Matilda Mashapa, and Christian Rogerson. "Covid-19 and Local Business Responses: Evidence from South Africa’s most Tourism-Dependent Locality." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-107.

Full text

Abstract:

In emerging tourism scholarship around COVID-19 one of the major clusters of research surrounds issues of adaptation. Tourism businesses are compelled to adapt to shifts in consumer demand as well as government regulatory changes. The objective in this paper is to investigate the responses and adaptations to the impacts of COVID-19 of tourism businesses in South Africa’s most tourism-dependent locality. The research reports on 20 qualitative interviews undertaken with a cross-section of tourism enterprises in Bela-Bela Local Municipality, Limpopo province, which is overwhelmingly oriented towards the market of domestic tourism. Major results are local businesses are financially negatively impacted by the subdued nature of domestic leisure travel together with the near total collapse of business travel as well as the imperative to conform to new COVID-19 safety and health protocols. Adaptive responses have included downsizing of businesses, including worker retrenchments, price-cutting, limited initiatives towards product diversification, energetic social media marketing and repurposing of properties. Key challenges for Bela-Bela tourism enterprises relate to immediate financial issues and most especially in the context that minimal support has been provided by national government to assist their business survival. Future business prospects are not viewed favourably such that business closures and a hollowing out of the tourism enterprise base accompanying job losses in tourism appear inevitable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Rai, Sheila. "Fragmented Responses towards Global Governance: The Indian Context." Indian Journal of Public Administration 63, no. 1 (March 2017): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556117689849.

Full text

Abstract:

The liberalisation dice of the globalisation game has been loaded in favour of developed countries. The recipe of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) prescribed by the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international economic institutions has proved detrimental to developing countries like India where poverty is pervasive and scarcity of basic amenities crippling. 1 The SAP syndrome has manifested in lockouts, industrial takeovers, closures, massive retrenchments and weakening/diluting of labour laws, etc. Service sectors such as hospitals and schools have also been adversely affected under pressures from international donor agencies. The unsavoury social and economic consequences on the marginal sections have therefore led to a series of protests and demonstrations. The struggle in all its complexities is both ideological and practical. Pressure to alter the pace and intensity of liberalisation, and change ‘scorecards’ of growth, security and redistribution have gained momentum. The propensity of the elite to coalesce with the predominant forces of globalisation and ignore the basic urges of the masses further adds to the complexities. Evidently, the cataclysmic change augured by global governance on the society, politics and economics is multifaceted. The response of the southern states, namely, India, to this crossfire between the dictates of the global institutions vis-à-vis the complexities of the protests and demands of the classes and masses has been critically analysed in this article. The ongoing attempts to assuage the brutal edges of poverty and provide security and protection are also scrutinised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Obaeko, Iwara, Faith Musvipwa, Amaechi Ekene, and Raymond Raselekoane. "COVID-19 lock-down socio-economic challenges faced by households in rural areas: A perspective from Vhembe district, South Africa." Socioloski pregled 54, no. 3 (2020): 761–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-27482.

Full text

Abstract:

National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied from country to country. In South Africa, the response has included a compulsory 21-day lock-down entailing restrictions of social and economic activities among other things. This arguably helped the country to avoid further spread of the virus, especially in townships, informal settlements and rural communities, where access to health facilities is often difficult. However, it has also exposed rural households to unforeseen challenges. This paper explores these challenges in view of proffering policy measures to help such households during subsequent lock-down. University students living within such rural households were purposively sampled to solicit electronic data from heads of households in Vhembe district. Using a qualitative method to analyze the data gathered from 82 households, five major issues emerged which include access to basic needs such as groceries, whereas water and health items were some of the challenges. The situation in households is further compounded by 'limited source of income' due to retrenchments and shutdown of subsistence businesses. 'Depression and frustration' emanating from the fear of contracting the virus, spousal domestic abuse, inability to meet home obligations, family squabbles as well as boredom caused by movement restriction also constitute part of the challenges. The lack of needed information regarding the virus, and 'theft' were other two challenges. Based on these findings, the paper recommends thorough consideration of the identified challenges before the enforcement of such lock-down. It also encourages more improvement to be made in the area of service delivery in rural communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lebusa, Malefane Johannes. "The prospects of making small retail outlets in the Townships aggressively competitive." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v6i1.34.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Historically, township Small Retail Outlets were mostly established for survival and operated under a generally closed market system where the competition was not very strong. However, with the advent of democracy many people lost their formal income through retrenchments and out of desperation, many of these people opened Small Retail Outlets thus most of the existing and new entrants into the township market were unskilled or semiskilled labourers with little or no formal skills in business or entrepreneurship. Such efforts were rarely guided by any specific and informed strategy of identifying and exploiting a gap in the market. With the consolidation of the free market system under democracy, big brand businesses such as Shoprite Checkers and Small Retail Outlets of foreign nationals with different strategies entered and competed in this township market. With fewer formal skills in business and entrepreneurship, the owners of the Small Retail Outlets struggled to compete and thrive under these relatively new economic conditions. Given this situation, I conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen of these traditional Small Retail Outlets to find out and better understand the challenges they face and the skills that might be needed to aggressively compete in this space. Based on these findings and understandings, I further examined these issues and suggest infusions of specific entrepreneurship skills that could develop their aggressive competitiveness.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> entrepreneurship, competitiveness, small retail outlets, shopping complexes, innovation</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Gross, David J., W. Stephen Black-Schaffer, Robert D. Hoffman, Donald S. Karcher, Edith Lopez Estrada, Stanley J. Robboy, and Michael B. Cohen. "The State of the Job Market for Pathologists: Evidence From the College of American Pathologists Practice Leader Survey." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0356-cp.

Full text

Abstract:

Context.— Disagreement exists within the pathology community about the status of the job market for pathologists. Although many agree that jobs in pathology were harder to come by earlier this decade, recent evidence suggests improvement is occurring. Objective.— To assess the state of the job market for pathologists. Design.— We analyzed data from the 2018 College of American Pathologists Practice Leader Survey. This survey contains data from 253 practice leaders on practices' hiring (and retrenchments) in 2017, the skills and level of experience being sought, success in filling those positions, and expectations for hiring in the next 3 years. Results.— Among the surveyed practice leaders, 115 (45.5%) sought to hire at least 1 pathologist in 2017, and together tried to fill 246 full-time equivalent positions that year, of which 93.5 full-time equivalents (38%) were newly created. This hiring was not limited to larger, academic-based practices, but also occurred among smaller practices and practices based in nonacademic hospitals, independent laboratories, and other settings. Although some practices retrenched (60 full-time equivalents in 2017), the net increase was a healthy 187 full-time equivalents. Practices most frequently sought pathologists who had at least 2 years of experience, but the level of experience identified with the “optimal” candidate varied by desired areas of subspecialty expertise. Practice leaders also reported expected growth in hiring, with the number of positions they hope to fill in the next 3 years exceeding those vacated by retirement. Conclusions.— Our findings support the proposition that the demand for pathologists is strong, at least at the current time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Feldman, Janet, and Debra Daly-Gawenda. "Retrenchment." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 15, no. 6 (June 1985): 31???37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198506000-00009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Getz, Malcolm. "Retrenchment." Bottom Line 4, no. 3 (March 1991): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025299.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

&NA;. "Retrenchment." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 17, no. 8 (August 1986): 20???26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-198608000-00012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Nivola, Pietro S. "Regulatory Retrenchment." Brookings Review 13, no. 2 (1995): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20080559.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Andreoli, Kathleen G. "Surviving retrenchment." Journal of Professional Nursing 9, no. 2 (March 1993): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8755-7223(93)90021-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Coleman, William D., Michael M. Atkinson, and Éric Montpetit. "Against the Odds: Retrenchment in Agriculture in France and the United States." World Politics 49, no. 4 (July 1997): 453–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100008017.

Full text

Abstract:

This article extends recent work on a comparative theory of retrenchment in social policy by asking whether the politics of retrenchment travels well across policy areas, with policy feedback remaining a crucial variable for explaining government success or failure. The article analyzes policy change in agriculture in the United States and France, a natural choice for an extension of retrenchment theory because agricultural policy resembles social policy in some respects but also provides telling points of contrast. The article finds that the call for new theories focusing on retrenchment is justified: the politics of agricultural retrenchment differs from that of expansion, and success at retrenchment varies by program.The analysis shows, as well, that retrenchment has been significant both in the U.S. and in France and the European Union. Variations in policy feedback help explain why these policy changes occurred. Moreover, the France-U.S. comparison highlights how systemic institutional factors shape the politics of retrenchment. Finally, focusing on agriculture, a policy sector in which international developments have a greater direct importance than they do in social policy, the article identifies an additional systemic retrenchment strategy: constraining domestic programs through international agreements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Casillas, Jose C., Ana M. Moreno-Menéndez, José L. Barbero, and Eric Clinton. "Retrenchment Strategies and Family Involvement: The Role of Survival Risk." Family Business Review 32, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486518794605.

Full text

Abstract:

This article analyzes retrenchment strategies that family businesses adopt during periods of crisis. From a socioemotional wealth perspective, we propose that the influence of family board members and family CEOs on retrenchment depends on survival risk. We collected empirical data from companies on the Spanish Stock Exchange (2008-2012). Our findings reveal that family involvement intensifies retrenchment when performance is declining, and that retrenchment intensifies when survival is at risk. We also demonstrate that family firms are able to implement retrenchment measures when required to improve their performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Muniapan, Balakrishnan. "The Industrial Law and Right to Retrench in Malaysia from a Human Resource Management Perspective." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2013040101.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper explores the legal right to retrench employees from a human resource management perspective in Malaysia. The paper is based on the analysis of the relevant statues on retrenchment such the Employment Act 1955, The Industrial Relations Act 1967, the Employment (Termination and Lay-Off Benefits) Regulations 1980 and the Code of Conduct for Industry Harmony 1975. The author has also used criterion based sampling of the Industrial Court and Superior Court awards to analyze retrenchment cases and to provide recommendations to human resource management practitioners. Findings from these cases analyses reveal that many of the retrenchment awards were made against the employers due to poor selection of workforce for retrenchment, and the handling of the retrenchment exercise itself which violated the relevant statutes and the established procedures. The author suggests that retrenchment should not be viewed as a reactive but a proactive exercise, which begins with effective human resource planning aligned with the organizational strategic plan. The retrenchment exercise should also need be seen as a last resort when limiting recruitment, reduction in working hours, helping the employees (workmen) to find alternative employment, encouraging early retirement, offer of voluntary separation scheme (VSS) and other measures have been exhausted. The author hopes with many proactive measures, taken by employers in the management of retrenchment, the number of unfair retrenchment claims made to the Industrial Relations Department will be reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Olsgaard, Jane K. "Relocation, reorganization, retrenchment." Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 24, no. 3 (September 2000): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-9055(00)00147-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rylance, Billie Jo. "Reform or Retrenchment." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 11, no. 3 (December 2000): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104420730001100302.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hood, Christopher, Andrew Dunsire, and Meg Huby. "Bureaucracies in Retrenchment." Administration & Society 20, no. 3 (November 1988): 275–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009539978802000302.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Aldhous, Peter. "Retrenchment at JESSI." Nature 354, no. 6348 (November 1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354005d0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Olsgaard, Jane K. "Relocation, reorganization, retrenchment." Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services 24, no. 3 (September 2000): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649055.2000.10765702.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Fitzgerald, Karen. "Regulation and retrenchment." IEEE Spectrum 24, no. 11 (1987): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.1987.6448128.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

MacDonald, Paul K., and Joseph M. Parent. "Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment." International Security 35, no. 4 (April 2011): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00034.

Full text

Abstract:

There is broad scholarly consensus that the relative power of the United States is declining and that this decline will have negative consequences for international politics. This pessimism is justified by the belief that great powers have few options to deal with acute relative decline. Retrenchment is seen as a hazardous policy that demoralizes allies and encourages external predation. Faced with shrinking means, great powers are thought to have few options to stave off decline short of preventive war. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, however, retrenchment is not a relatively rare and ineffective policy instrument. A comparison of eighteen cases of acute relative decline since 1870 demonstrates that great powers frequently engage in retrenchment and that retrenchment is often effective. In addition, we find that prevailing explanations overstate the importance of democracies, bureaucracies, and interest groups in inhibiting retrenchment. In fact, the rate of decline can account for both the extent and form of retrenchment, even over short periods. These arguments have important implications for power transition theories and the rise of China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Takao, Yasuo. "Welfare State Retrenchment – The Case of Japan." Journal of Public Policy 19, no. 3 (September 1999): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x99000707.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to examine the implications for welfare state retrenchment of central-local financial relations. In the post-war period, welfare state expansion has been a dominant theme in the development of central-local government relations in advanced industrial democracies. By the 1980s, however, nearly all OECD member countries had resorted to deficit financing as stagnant tax revenues combined with political pressure for increased public services. Faced with the urgent necessity of fiscal reconstruction, conservatives in advanced industrial democracies have favoured cutting public services throughout the 1990s. As always in times of retrenchment, elected officials have needed to win the goodwill of voters and interest groups for these unpopular cutbacks. There is no doubt that the politics of retrenchment is distinctively different from that of growth. Despite this new stage in the development of the welfare state, few systematic attempts have been made to analyse the impact of retrenchment politics on central-local financial arrangements. This article contributes to the new debate on comparative theories of retrenchment by analysing the impact of welfare state retrenchment in the context of Japan's recent fiscal reconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gaffney, Declan. "Retrenchment, Reform, Continuity: Welfare under the Coalition." National Institute Economic Review 231 (February 2015): R44—R53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011523100106.

Full text

Abstract:

The Coalition's record on working age social security is reviewed under the headings of continuity (with the policies of the previous government), retrenchment and reform. Under continuity, the Coalition's decision to proceed with the previous government's planned reassessment of incapacity benefit claims was a notable policy mistake which led to the near-collapse of the assessment system by 2014. Retrenchment measures are dominated by benefit uprating changes which, along with measures targeting higher-income groups, have been less regressive than alternative approaches to expenditure reduction. However these changes were accompanied by a number of smaller-scale retrenchment measures, with substantial cumulative impacts on income. Retrenchment has thus been less regressive than it might have been but more regressive than it needed to be, taking the retrenchment targets as given. Policy failure and exogenous economic factors have offset the effect of retrenchment measures, with the result that expenditure by 2014/15 was little different to that planned in the Labour government's last budget. Full implementation of major reforms has been deferred to the next parliament. The main achieved policy change has been an unprecedented tightening of the benefit sanctions regime.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Elmelund-Præstekær, Christian, Michael Baggesen Klitgaard, and Gijs Schumacher. "What wins public support? Communicating or obfuscating welfare state retrenchment." European Political Science Review 7, no. 3 (November 24, 2014): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000253.

Full text

Abstract:

Conventional wisdom holds that in order to evade electoral punishment governments obfuscate welfare state retrenchment. However, governments do not uniformly lose votes in elections after they cut back on welfare benefits or services. Recent evidence indicates that some of these unpopular reforms are in fact vote-winners for the government. Our study of eight Danish labor marked related reforms uses insights from experimental framing studies to evaluate the impact of welfare state retrenchment on government popularity. We hypothesize that communicating retrenchment is a better strategy than obfuscating retrenchment measures. In addition, we hypothesize that the opposition’s choice between arguing against the retrenchment measure, or staying silent on the issue, affects the government’s popularity. Thus, the study presents a novel theoretical model of the popularity effects of welfare state retrenchment. In order to evaluate our propositions, we move beyond the standard measure in the literature and use monthly opinion polls to reduce the number of other factors that might affect government popularity. We demonstrate that governments can evade popular punishment by communication. They can even gain popularity if the opposition chooses not to attack. On the other hand, government popularity declines if the government obfuscates – and the decline is even larger if the opposition chooses to attack.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!