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1

Tanase, Diana. "A model for information retrieval driven by conceptual spaces." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/972v9/a-model-for-information-retrieval-driven-by-conceptual-spaces.

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A retrieval model describes the transformation of a query into a set of documents. The question is: what drives this transformation? For semantic information retrieval type of models this transformation is driven by the content and structure of the semantic models. In this case, Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) are the semantic models that encode the meaning employed for monolingual and cross-language retrieval. The focus of this research is the relationship between these meanings’ representations and their role and potential in augmenting existing retrieval models effectiveness. The prop
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Paulsen, Jon Rune. "Optimal Information Retrieval Model for Molecular Biology Information." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8718.

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<p>Search engines for biological information are not a new technology. Since the 1960s computers have emerged as an important tool for biologists. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive catalogue containing approximately 14 000 records with information about human genes and genetic disorders. An approach called Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) was introduced in 1990 that is based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). This approach improved the information retrieval and reduced the storage requirements. This thesis applies LSI on the collection of OMIM records. To further
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Gómez, Luis Alfonso. "A two-level model for information retrieval systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24469.pdf.

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4

Wang, Zhiwei. "Riemann space model and similarity-based Web retrieval." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60214.pdf.

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5

Zhang, Zhunping. "Context-based motion retrieval using vector space model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45856.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).<br>Motion retrieval is the problem of retrieving highly relevant motions in a timely manner. The principal challenge is to characterize the similarity between two motions effectively, which is tightly related to the gap between the motion data's representation and its semantics. Our approach uses vector space model to measure the similarities among motions, which are made discrete using the vocabulary technique and transformation i
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Teke, Alper. "Texture Classification And Retrieval Using Random Neural Network Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1089317/index.pdf.

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Texture is one of the most important characteristics used in computer vision and image processing applications. In this thesis, a new texture classification and retrieval method is proposed for texture analysis applications. The technique makes use of the random neural network model and it is supervised. The main aim is to represent textures with parameters which are the random neural network weights and classify and retrieve textures using this texture definition. The network has neurons that correspond to each image pixel, and the neurons are connected according to neighboring relationship b
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Hirzalla, Naél B. "Media processing and retrieval model for multimedia documents databases." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ28346.pdf.

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8

Adriani, Mirna. "A query ambiguity model for cross-language information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407678.

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Hirzalla, Nael B. "Media processing and retrieval model for multimedia documents databases." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4541.

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Typically, multimedia applications involve thousands of hours of video, images, audio, text and graphics that need to be stored, retrieved and manipulated in a large multimedia database. There is therefore an important need for novel techniques and systems which provide an efficient retrieval facility of the voluminous information stored in the multimedia database. Such a facility will consist of a query language, a query user interface, a data structure, indexing and finally content searching algorithms. Our interests focus on the first four components of such system. In this thesis, we propo
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Lin, Xing. "Modern GIR Systems : Framework, Retrieval Model and Indexing Techniques." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34787.

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Geographic information is one of the most important and the most common types of information in human society. It is estimated that more than 70% of all information in the world has some kind of geographic features. In the era of information explosion, information retrieval (IR) tools, such as search engines, are the main tools people used to quickly find the information they need nowadays. Because of the importance of geographic information, recent efforts have been made either by expanding the traditional IR to support a spatial query, or building a GIR in a brand new architecture from the g
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Janoutová, Růžena. "Modelling 3D Forest Structure for Improved Retrieval of Forest Biophysical Properties." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263358.

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Hlavním cílem práce bylo zlepšení kvantitativních odhadů vegetačních parametrů smrkových porostů pomocí spektrálních simulací trojrozměrného modelu přenosu záření. Prvně bylo potřeba vytvořit přesný 3D model smrku. Implementace přesného 3D modelu smrku pro parametrizaci celých lesních porostů je v současné době výpočetně nemožné, bylo tedy nutné tento 3D model smrku zjednodušit. Přesný 3D model smrku společně s dostupnými leteckými daty sloužil pro nalezení optimálního zjednodušení. Optimální model vedl ke kompromisu mezi výpočetní náročností a přesností výsledné odrazivosti z modelu přenosu z
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Morita, Junya. "A Cognitive Analysis Model for Complex Open-ended Analogical Retrieval." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10400.

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Yoon, Changwoo. "Domain-specific knowledge-based informational retrieval model using knowledge reduction." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011560.

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14

Tan, Kok Fong. "Extending information retrieval system model to improve interactive web searching." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2005. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/8027/.

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The research set out with the broad objective of developing new tools to support Web information searching. A survey showed that a substantial number of interactive search tools were being developed but little work on how these new developments fitted into the general aim of helping people find information. Due to this it proved difficult to compare and analyse how tools help and affect users and where they belong in a general scheme of information search tools. A key reason for a lack of better information searching tools was identified in the ill-suited nature of existing information retriev
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Bhogal, Jagdev. "Investigating ontology based query expansion using a probabilistic retrieval model." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2946/.

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This research briefly outlines the problems of traditional information retrieval systems and discusses the different approaches to inferring context in document retrieval. By context we mean word disambiguation which is achieved by exploring the generalisation-specialisation hierarchies within a given ontology. Specifically, we examine the use of ontology based query expansion for defining query context. Query expansion can be done in many ways and in this work we consider the use of relevance feedback and pseudo-relevance feedback for query expansion. We examine relevance feedback and pseudo-
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Wang, Ruihong. "Design of a storage and retrieval model for multimedia data." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10053.

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One of the most important and challenging aspects in multimedia technology is the design of a storage and retrieval system that will support the recording and the playback of multimedia data from a secondary storage device. This multimedia storage and retrieval system must be capable of handling discrete media (i.e. text, images and graphics) and continuous media (i.e. audio, video and animation). It should also provide facilities to handle the synchronization information between two or more data objects in a multimedia application. In this thesis, multimedia technology and its applications ar
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Ballarin, Naya Manuel. "Definition of Descriptive and Diagnostic Measurements for Model Fragment Retrieval." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171604.

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Tesis por compendio<br>[ES] Hoy en día, el software existe en casi todo. Las empresas a menudo desarrollan y mantienen colecciones de sistemas de software personalizados que comparten algunas características entre ellos, pero que también tienen otras características particulares. Conforme el número de características y el número de variantes de un producto crece, el mantenimiento del software se vuelve cada vez más complejo. Para hacer frente a esta situación la Comunidad de Ingeniería del Software basada en Modelos está abordando una actividad clave: la Localización de Fragmentos de Modelo. E
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Muoh, Chibuike. "Sparsification for Topic Modeling and Applications to Information Retrieval." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1259206719.

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Zhang, Hui. "A trend analysis model of caching policies for case-based retrieval." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0026/MQ51517.pdf.

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Brown, Brady A. "Aerosol optical depth retrieval by NPS model modified for SeaWiFS input." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6091.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited<br>Using visible wavelength radiance data obtained from the spaceborne Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia), an analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was completed by modification to the NPS AOD Model previously compiled for NOAA geosynchronous- and polar-orbiting satellites. The objective of the analysis was to calibrate the linearized, single-scatter algorithm, estimated bi-directional surface reflectance, and phase function parameters. The intent of the study w
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Ellis, David. "The derivation of a behavioural model for information retrieval system design." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2975/.

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This study outlines the derivation of a behavioural model intended to underpin thinking on questions concerning the design of information retrieval systems for academic social scientists. The historical background of information retrieval research is reviewed and the behavioural assumptions made in that research, characterised as the information retrieval model, are examined. Developments in the research tradition following from the early empirical tests on information retrieval systems are discussed, and problems experienced in the attempt to develop a coherent and practically useful research
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Thornley, Clare Victoria. "A dialectical model of information retrieval : exploring a contradiction in terms." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9340.

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23

Xie, Haiyan. "User model driven architecture for information retrieval in construction project management." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008374.

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Lenz, Mario. "Case Retrieval Nets as a Model for Building Flexible Information Systems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14356.

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Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Modell der Case Retrieval Netze vorgestellt, das ein Speichermodell für die Phase des Retrievals beim fallbasierten Schliessen darstellt. Dieses Modell lehnt sich an Assoziativspeicher an, insbesondere wird das Retrieval als Rekonstruktion des Falles betrachtet anstatt als eine Suche im traditionellen Sinne. Zwei der wesentlichen Vorteile des Modells sind Effizienz und Flexibilität: Effizienz beschreibt dabei die Fähigkeit, mit grossen Fallbasen umzugehen und dennoch schnell ein Resultat des Retrievals liefern zu können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird diese
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Price, Susan Loucette. "Semantic Components: A Model for Enhancing Retrieval of Domain- Specific Information." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2673.

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Despite the success of general Internet search engines, information retrieval remains an incompletely solved problem. Our research focuses on supporting domain experts when they search domain-specific libraries to satisfy targeted information needs. The semantic components model introduces a schema specific to a particular document collection. A semantic component schema consists of a two-level hierarchy, document classes and semantic components. A document class represents a document grouping, such as topic type or document purpose. A semantic component is a characteristic type of information
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Greisdorf, Howard F. "Relevance Thresholds: A Conjunctive/Disjunctive Model of End-User Cognition as an Evaluative Process." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2717/.

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This investigation identifies end-user cognitive heuristics that facilitate judgment and evaluation during information retrieval (IR) system interactions. The study extends previous research surrounding relevance as a key construct for representing the value end-users ascribe to items retrieved from IR systems and the perceived effectiveness of such systems. The Lens Model of user cognition serves as the foundation for design and interpretation of the study; earlier research in problem solving, decision making, and attitude formation also contribute to the model and analysis. A self reporting
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Thakur, Amritanshu. "Semantic construction with provenance for model configurations in scientific workflows." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07312008-092758.

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Berisha, F. "Photorealistic retrieval of occluded facial information using a performance-driven face model." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14673/.

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Facial occlusions can cause both human observers and computer algorithms to fail in a variety of important tasks such as facial action analysis and expression classification. This is because the missing information is not reconstructed accurately enough for the purpose of the task in hand. Most current computer methods that are used to tackle this problem implement complex three-dimensional polygonal face models that are generally timeconsuming to produce and unsuitable for photorealistic reconstruction of missing facial features and behaviour. In this thesis, an image-based approach is adopte
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Wilbanks, Amie L. "The Fleeting Effects of Retrieval Cue Attributes in the PIER2 Memory Model." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000159.

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Simon, Scott J. "A multi-dimensional entropy model of jazz improvisation for music information retrieval." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4929/.

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Jazz improvisation provides a case context for examining information in music; entropy provides a means for representing music for retrieval. Entropy measures are shown to distinguish between different improvisations on the same theme, thus demonstrating their potential for representing jazz information for analysis and retrieval. The calculated entropy measures are calibrated against human representation by means of a case study of an advanced jazz improvisation course, in which synonyms for "entropy" are frequently used by the instructor. The data sets are examined for insights in music info
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Chang, Jia Kang. "Investigation on applying modular ontology to statistical language model for information retrieval." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11803/.

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The objective of this research is to provide a novel approach to improving retrieval performance by exploiting Ontology with the statistical language model (SLM). The proposed methods consist of two major processes, namely ontology-based query expansion (OQE) and ontology-based document classification (ODC). Research experiments have required development of an independent search tool that can combine the OQE and ODC in a traditional SLM-based information retrieval (IR) process using a Web document collection. This research considers the ongoing challenges of modular ontology enhanced SLM-based
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Fang, Wei. "Model-based retrieval of phase-related quantities for two-port microwave devices." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26900.

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In this thesis a new method is proposed for the retrieval of phase-related quantities from magnitude-only measurements on two-port microwave systems. The method is applicable when a microwave system is manufactured in relatively large quantities. A reduced-order model is developed using the prototype of such a system. Such a reduced-order model will include a number of quantities or "coefficients" (other than frequency) whose value is determined using a full vector data set on the prototype. Establishing the form required for the reduce-order model acts as the additional constraints that are n
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SEQUEIRA, SARITA CARMEL. "INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF A VHDL-AMS MODEL DATABASE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin972311716.

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Yeung, Chung Kei. "Ontological model for information systems development methodology." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/702.

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Krishnan, Sharenya. "Text-Based Information Retrieval Using Relevance Feedback." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53603.

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Europeana, a freely accessible digital library with an idea to make Europe's cultural and scientific heritage available to the public was founded by the European Commission in 2008. The goal was to deliver a semantically enriched digital content with multilingual access to it. Even though they managed to increase the content of data they slowly faced the problem of retrieving information in an unstructured form. So to complement the Europeana portal services, ASSETS (Advanced Search Service and Enhanced Technological Solutions) was introduced with services that sought to improve the usability
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Vattam, Swaroop. "Interactive analogical retrieval: practice, theory and technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45798.

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Analogy is ubiquitous in human cognition. One of the important questions related to understanding the situated nature of analogy-making is how people retrieve source analogues via their interactions with external environments. This dissertation studies interactive analogical retrieval in the context of biologically inspired design (BID). BID involves creative use of analogies to biological systems to develop solutions for complex design problems (e.g., designing a device for acquiring water in desert environments based on the analogous fog-harvesting abilities of the Namibian Beetle). Finding
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Tsai, Yi-Lung, and 蔡易龍. "Partial Matching on CAD Model Retrieval." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29605812450629510119.

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博士<br>臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>98<br>For engineering applications, a new design can be developed efficiently from an existing design with same functions, features, and manufacturing properties. Although several techniques have been developed for assessing the similarity among models, most methods are not sufficiently suitable for design and manufacturing. This work presents a graph-based retrieval architecture based on partial matching and a CAD model retrieval system based on the local feature correspondence. First construct attributed graph for each CAD model that retains the geometric and topolo
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HUANG, SHI-JIAN, and 黃詩建. "A dialogue model for information retrieval." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58184899182795169831.

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Su, Long-Shyang, and 蘇龍祥. "3D Model Retrieval – Using Geodesic Distance." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50041003581287851851.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資訊工程學系碩博士班<br>90<br>Due to the fast development of three dimensional model in many fileds, like game, animation, network, mechanical engineering and entertainments, we believe that searching three dimensional models in database will become more important. A traditional searching method, keyword searching, is not a stable method. Because the classify standard of each people is different, it can’t satisfy our requirement in three dimensional retrieval. In two dimensional image retrieval, the problem is easier because only one information, color, in a image. But in three dimension
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Hsiao, Chin-Mei, and 蕭金美. "A Scenario Description Model for Image Retrieval." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60661798975888381970.

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碩士<br>中原大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>98<br>With electronic technology advancement, taking, storing or processing digital photos will be easier and more convenient. However, a large number of pictures also cause a lot of problems for retrieving and category management. A picture is unlike a text file, which is described by contexts. It is an interlaced scenario that consists of a role, facial expression and action of a person from the vision and circumstance. Because the search result is not effective in text-compared manner, some picture search systems would make an extra Metadata, such as subjects, autho
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Chuang, Chao-Hung, and 莊昭宏. "3D Model Retrieval Based on Radial Distance." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13725324698740506141.

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碩士<br>中華大學<br>資訊工程學系(所)<br>97<br>The advances in 3D data acquisition, graphics hardware, and 3D data modeling and visualizing techniques have led to the proliferation of 3D models. The searching for specific 3D models becomes an important issue. Techniques for effective and efficient content-based 3D model retrieval have therefore become an essential research topic. In this thesis, three novel features, Radial Distance (RD), Derivative Radial Distance (DRD), and Cylindrical Projection Descriptor (CPD) are proposed for 3D model retrieval. First, three principal planes are used to align 3D model
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Chih-Yu, Chen, and 陳治羽. "3D Model Retrieval Based on Spherical projection." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r8ckz7.

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碩士<br>中華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>106<br>In this thesis, a 3D model retrieval system will be proposed based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) feature descriptors extracted from spherical projections. First, the grid-based principal component analysis (GPCA) is used to align 3D models. Based on the spherical coordinate system, spherical projections can be obtained. Then 2D low-frequency feature (2DL), horizontal average low-frequency feature (HAL), overlap horizontal average low-frequency feature (OHAL), vertical average low-frequency feature (VAL), and overlap vertical average low-frequency featur
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Liu, Zhao-Ming, and 劉釗銘. "3D Model Retrieval using Deep Learned Autoencoder." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50332619063856061330.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>資訊工程系<br>105<br>As 3D printer and Internet are rapid expansion. The increasing number of 3D models on the Internet makes the demand on 3D model retrieval systems. In this thesis, a 3D models retrieval system based on view-based feature is proposed. The view-based 3D model retrieval system represents a 3D model by its projected views. It became a popular branch in 3D model analysis in recent years owing to the high discriminative property of 2D views. Different from previous algorithms that perform the normalization for rotation invariance, we only normalize the translation an
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Hsu, Hsuan-Jui, and 許軒睿. "Bayesian Topic Mixture Model for Information Retrieval." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83310555788270211949.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資訊工程學系碩博士班<br>95<br>In conventional information retrieval, the documents are usually represented as bag of words. In state-of-art information retrieval, it is popular to apply the probabilistic topic model to infer word correlation through the latent topic variables. Probabilistic latent semantic analysis model (PLSA) is such a model that each word in a document is seen as a sample from a mixture component. These mixture components are modeled by multinomial distributions. Although PLSA model deals with the issue of multiple topics, each topic model is quite simple and the burs
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Lee, Gin Song, and 李金松. "Semantic Video Model for Content-based Retrieval." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76910006565384416570.

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Hopper, William J. "The Primary and Convergent Retrieval Model of Memory." 2016. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/350.

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Memory models typically assume that recall is a two-stage process with learning affecting both processes to the same degree. This equal learning assumption is difficult to reconcile with studies of the 'testing effect', which reveal different forgetting rates following learning from test practice versus learning from restudy. Here we present a new memory model, termed Primary and Convergent Retrieval (PCR) that assumes successful recall leads to a selective enhancement for the second stage of recall (Convergent Retrieval). We applied this model to existing testing effect data. In two new exper
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Fa-Shyang, Chang. "Deformed Shape Retrieval Based on Hidden Markov Model." 1997. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611293843.

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Po-ChiHsu and 許伯祺. "3D Building Model Retrieval for Point Cloud Modeling." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76872673208853466398.

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Huang, Mu-Huai, and 黃慕懷. "Local Shape Feature Extraction for 3D Model Retrieval." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98994051603319044874.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>96<br>In this thesis, we propose a new 3D shape descriptor to extract representative shape features from 3D models for 3D model retrieval. Our approach computes information from the local shape geometrical structures and employs the bag-of-features representation. First of all, we build the descriptor by creating a cube grid according to the local shape information of one vertex and intersecting this cube with the surface of this 3D model. For the intersected cube, we apply the distance transform to reduce the within-class variation. The Distance-Transform-Cubes (DTCs
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Lai, Chen-Kuo, and 賴振國. "A Content-Based Approach Towards 3D Model Retrieval." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17044598671781503970.

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碩士<br>義守大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>92<br>With the fast development of 3D modeling tools and graphic engines, 3D geometric models are often used in many applications to pursue a good user interaction and shading quality. Since 3D models grow with each passing day, it is emergent to develop a 3D model retrieval system to manage 3D models efficiently. In this thesis, some techniques for developing a content-based 3D model retrieval system are proposed. A general feature representation is firstly defined from the aspects of geometry and topology of 3D models. The extracted features are robust against some of
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