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Mehta, Siddharth, Surendra Lodha, Ashima Valiathan, and Arun Urala. "Mandibular morphology and pharyngeal airway space: A cephalometric study." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (December 29, 2014): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.148021.
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Introduction Mandibular retrognathism is considered to be the most important risk factor for upper airway obstruction. Aim This cross-sectional study intended to examine the relationship between craniofacial morphology and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients with mandibular retrognathism and mandibular prognathism, when compared to normal subjects. The study also analyzed the influence of mandibular morphology on pharyngeal length (PL). Materials and Methods The PAS was assessed in 92 females (age 15-30 years) further divided into three groups - Group 1- normal mandible (76°≤ SNB ≤82°; n = 31); Group 2-mandibular retrognathism (SNB <76°; n = 31); Group 3-Mandibular prognathism (SNB >82°; n = 30). All subjects were examined by lateral cephalometry with head position standardized using an inclinometer. Craniocervical angulation, uvula length, thickness and angulation were compared among different groups. Results The results showed no statistically significant difference in the pharyngeal airway between the three groups. Measurements of PL showed statistically significant higher values for retrognathic mandible group than normal and prognathic mandible group. Conclusion There is no significant difference between PAS between patients with mandibular retrognathism, normal mandible and mandibular prognathism. Mandibular retrognathism patients show a significantly higher uvula angulation than patients with mandibular prognathism. Craniocervical angulation showed maximum value in retrognathic mandible group followed by normal and prognathic mandible group respectively. Mean PL for retrognathic mandible patients was significantly higher than prognathic mandible patients.
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Sharma, Prashant, Amol Patil, Sonakshi Sharma, Tanisha Rout, Pragati Hemgude та Anand Sabane. "Presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in transforming growth factor β and insulin-like growth factor 1 in class II malocclusions due to retrognathic mandible". Folia Medica 66, № 2 (2024): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.66.e115709.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (rs1800469) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (rs17032362) genes in Class II individuals with a normal maxilla and retrognathic (short) mandible. Materials and methods: The study had 25 participants: 5 were assigned to the control group, which had a normal maxilla and mandible, and 20 to the experimental group, which had a structurally retrognathic mandible and a normal maxilla. The polymerase chain reaction was used with preselected primers after which Sanger sequencing was used to identify individual mutations. Results: SNP at rs1800469 (TGF-β) in the study and control groups showed significant difference (p=0.009). The Odds Ratio of 5.28 signified that the individuals with SNP at rs1800469 were at 5.28 times higher risk of developing mandibular retrognathism. The IGF SNP showed its presence in experimental group but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study reports for the first time on the association between TGF-βSNP and mandibular retrognathism. Other SNP also showed its presence in the study group and its complete absence from control group directs us for further research.
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Premkumar, Sridhar, and Bhuvaneswari Gurumurthy. "Assessment of 2D:4D in Subjects with Anteroposterior Mandibular Dysplasia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 4 (2013): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1367.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To compare 2D:4D ratio which is determined by testosterone levels with patients having orthognathic, retrognathic and prognathic mandibles. Materials and methods The study was performed at Chennai, on 320 subjects of which, 60 subjects (32 males and 28 females) had retrognathic mandible; 55 subjects (25 males and 30 females) had prognathic mandible and 205 subjects (98 males and 107 females) had normal mandible. All the subjects had a normal maxilla and were in the age group of 18 to 25 years. 2D:4D ratio was determined using the photocopies of the ventral surface of right hand made with vernier calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Student's t- test, ANOVA test and TukeyHSD test. Results (i) Low 2D:4D is seen in subjects with mandibular prognathism, (ii) Among females, low 2D:4D is seen only in prognathic mandible. Conclusion These findings highlight the fact that testosterone plays an important role in mandibular growth. Thus 2D:4D, a least invasive and reproducible procedure can be used as an early marker for mandibular progathism, and as a diagnostic tool in correlating the mandibular growth with causal relations between hormones and craniofacial development. How to cite this article Premkumar S, Gurumurthy B. Assessment of 2D:4D in Subjects with Anteroposterior Mandibular Dysplasia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):582-585.
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Kau, Chung H., Omar Almakky, and Patrick J. Louis. "Team approach in the management of revision surgery to correct bilateral temporomandibular joint replacements." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 2 (2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520908276.
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This case report describes the successful second surgical treatment of a 26-year-old white female patient with a retrognathic mandible and previous bilateral total joint prostheses placement. The patient had previously presented with bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) which caused clockwise mandibular rotation and resulted in anterior open bite and a retrognathic mandible. The patient had undergone definitive corrective for the ICR where condylectomies were performed bilaterally. In addition, total joint prostheses using ‘stock joints’ were used to restore the condyle and glenoid fossa on both sides. Although the previous surgery corrected the anterior open bite and restored the condyles, the patient was still suffering from joint symptoms (significant pain), restricted mandibular movements, increased overjet (12 mm) and a retrognathic mandible. The treatment plan included a combined orthodontic surgical approach: (1) bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a surgical procedure on the mandible to reposition the prosthetic joints and correct the mandible position, and a segmental LeFort I to expand the maxilla; and (2) post-surgical orthodontics treatment to detail the occlusion. At the end of the treatment, good aesthetic and functional results were obtained with the cooperation of two specialties. This case emphasises the importance of three-dimensional planning and multidisciplinary treatment when addressing complex jaw movements. It also emphasises the importance orthodontic planning and collaboration with the orthodontist.
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Manasawala, Taher, Vikram Shetty, Sailesh Shenava, Sushmita Batni, and Devashree Mujundar. "Correction of Class II malocclusion in a patient using the forsus fatigue resistant appliance – A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 7, no. 4 (2022): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.052.
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Functional appliances, fixed or removable, are primarily orthopaedic tools used to influence the facial skeleton in a growing child. Class II malocclusion with a retrognathic mandible in a non -compliant post pubertal patient can be treated using the fixed functional appliances. One such appliance which is in common use in clinical practice today is the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device. To treat a 13 year old female patient having a class II base, a retrognathic mandible, horizontal growth pattern, convex profile, an overjet of 7mm, mild proclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors, Class II molar and canine relationship bilaterally and a positive VTO.
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Mohamed Mokhtar , Khaled Atef El-Hayes, Mohammed Omara. "Post-surgical stability in mandibular advancement using postsurgical versus presurgical computer guided functional appliance." Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54, no. 3 (2025): 254–70. https://doi.org/10.48047/k0c7wz49.
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Purpose: Class II patients presenting with retrognathic mandible tend to conceal their deformity by protruding the mandible forward to achieve a more esthetic profile. Thus, they present with an unstable condylar position. This study aimed to assess the post-surgical stability in mandibular advancement using presurgical versus post-surgical computer guided functional appliance.
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Daokar, Suchita Tarvade, Gauri Agrawal, Charushila Chaudhari, and Sheetal Yamyar. "Ortho-surgical Management of Severe Skeletal Class II Div 2 Malocclusion in Adult." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (2017): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18902.
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Skeletal Class II malocclusion is attributed to maxillary prognathism, mandibular retrognathism or combination of both. In adolescent cases, the treatment includes growth modulation with headgear or myofunctional appliances. However in adults, optimum esthetic and functional efficacy can be achieved by orthodontic-surgical combination. This case report describes a 21 years old post-pubertal male with severe skeletal Class II discrepancy with normal maxilla and retrognathic mandible. The case was treated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) with mandibular advancement approach. Straight profile, pleasing esthetics, bilateral Class I molar and canine relationship, normal overjet and overbite were achieved because of a combined ortho-surgical approach.
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Stocks, Rose Mary S., Robert Egerman, Jerome W. Thompson, and Michael Peery. "Airway Management of the Severely Retrognathic Child: Use of the Laryngeal Mask Airway." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 81, no. 4 (2002): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130208100410.
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Successful airway management of an infant or child with moderate to severe retrognathia first requires recognition of a potential problem. If the child cannot be intubated in a standard fashion, the use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be considered. We describe two cases wherein a toddler and an infant with severe retrognathia failed multiple attempts at traditional intubation. Both had an anterior larynx and hypoplasia of the mandible. In both cases, a subsequent LMA was successfully placed. The severely retrognathic newborn or child presents to the physician a unique challenge in airway management. Techniques to manage this difficult pediatric airway are different from those used in the adult. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this intubation technique and include it in their armamentarium of airway-management strategies. The LMA is not recommended as the technique of choice for securing a difficult airway, but it is an effective alternative when indicated, and it might be life-saving.
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Iyer, Sushmitha R., Sridhar Premkumar, and Mangaleswari Muruganandam. "Skeletal and dental changes induced by the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in the treatment of Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion during active growth period: A preliminary study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.011.
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Background. The Flip-Lock Herbst (TP Orthodontics Inc.) is a fixed functional appliance, a variant of the Herbst appliance, introduced by Miller. It is claimed to have better patient tolerance due to its increased freedom for the mandible’s lateral movements. There have been no studies on the flip lock Herbst till date. This study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion. Methods. Eight subjects in their active growth period with class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible were included in the study. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate skeletal and dental changes with the SO analysis. Paired samples t-test was used to assess statistical significance. Results. Statistically significant increases in mandibular length (pg/OLp) and effective mandibular length (ar/OLp + pg/OLp) were observed. There was a significant maxillary restraining effect. Dental effects were significant and exhibited class II correction features except for the position of lower incisors within the mandible (ii/OLp - pg/OLp). Skeletal changes accounted for 61% and dental changes for 39% of the total treatment for molar correction. For overjet correction, skeletal changes contributed to 63% and dental changes to 37% of the total treatment. Conclusion. The Flip-Lock Herbst appliance was efficient in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible. Both skeletal and dental changes were evident, with the former predominating (60:40).
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Fekonja, Anita, Tjaša Zupancic Hartner, and Andrej Cretnik. "Mandibular retrognathia correction using a fixed sagittal guidance appliance individually manufactured by selective laser melting manufacturing technology." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 2 (2018): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2016-0163.
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Purpose Digitalization and additive manufacturing now play an important role in the manufacturing of medical and dental products. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion in a growing patient using fixed sagittal guidance (FSG) appliance manufactured by digital and fast procedure by selective laser melting. Design/methodology/Approach This study present the case of a 14-year-old boy with a convex profile owing to a retrognathic mandible, an overjet (8 mm), a deep overbite (7 mm), a Class II canine, a molar relationship on both sides and an accentuated lower curve of Spee. The lateral cephalogram showed a skeletal Class II discrepancy with mandibular retrognathia, skeletal deep bite, reduced lower anterior facial height and proclined upper incisors. Treatment using FSG and fixed orthodontic appliance was performed within 15 months. Findings The final results show a well-balanced face and a nice profile. Protrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth was corrected, and a Class I molar relationship was achieved with proper overjet and overbite. Research limitations/implications The results from the proposed method are promising, although long-term results with a large group are not yet available. Practical implications Using an individually made FSG appliance from biocompatible material and an individualized treatment plan, an effective result in treating Class II malocclusion due to retrognathic mandible with favorable dentofacial effects has been achieved. Originality/value This is the first paper describing the use of additive manufacturing for orthodontic appliances in Slovenia.
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Yoana, Y., Eka Chemiawan, and Arlette Suzy Setiawan. "Dentoalveolar changes in post-twin block appliance orthodontic treatment class II dentoskeletal malocclusion." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 50, no. 4 (2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i4.p211-215.
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Background: The analysis of cephalometric radiographs provides information about facial skeletal structures, jaw bone-base relationships, incisive-axial inclination relationships, soft tissue morphology, growth direction and pattern, malocclusion classification and the limitations of orthodontic treatments. In class II malocclusion, the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar rests between the first mandibular molar and the second premolar. A twin block appliance is recommended to treat Class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with retrognathic mandible characteristics. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the dentoalveolar alterations in class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with retrognathic mandible characteristics after orthodontic treatment with twin block appliance based on a Steiner analysis. Methods: This research constitutes a retrospective study using secondary data derived from the lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients with Class II malocclusion treated with twin block appliance at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of the Oral and Dental Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung. The data was analyzed using a T-test for normally distributed paired data. In cases where data was not normally distributed, a Wilcoxon test was employed. Results: The average measurements showed statistically significant dentoalveolar changes among class II malocclusion patients after twin block appliance treatment when analyzed using the paired t-test based on Steiner method cephalometric radiograph analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that a twin block appliance is effective in treating class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with a retrognathic mandible based on dentoalveolar changes resulting from Steiner analysis.
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Mohamed Sherif Farag, Ahmed, Mohamed Adel Nadim, and Abaddi Adel Elkadi. "RELATION BETWEEN SAGITTAL POSITION OF THE MANDIBLE AND PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME IN ADULTS USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (2021): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13544.
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Introduction: Many authors have discussed the relationship between craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway spaces in different malocclusions and skeletal patterns. So the aim of this work was to study the relation between sagittal position of the mandible and pharyngeal airway volume in adults using CBCT. Materials And Methods:Twentyone CBCT radiographs were collected from the archive of Radiology Department at Suez Canal University and were divided into 3 groups according to the measured SNB angle. Group 1 normal mandibular position, group 2 retrognathic mandible and group 3 prognathic mandible. Dolphin 3D imaging software was used to measure the airway volume for all the radiographs. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and total pharyngeal airway volumes were measured for all the radiographs. F-test (ANOVA) was used for comparison between groups and Tukey test for pairwise comparisons. Correlations between variables were tested using PearsonÂ’s correlation coefficient. Results: there was statistically significant difference in the mean total pharyngeal airway volume and oropharyngeal airway volumes between the three groups. Nasopharyngeal airway volume and hypopharyngeal airway volume had non-significant difference between groups. There was a significant positive correlation between total pharyngeal airway volume (mm3) and SNB angle. Conclusion: Pharyngeal airway volume differs with different sagittal positions of the mandible. Pharyngeal airway volume decreases with mandibular retrognathism and increases with mandibular prognathism.
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Lubis, Hilda Fitria, and Sherliana Yanita. "Treatment of skeletal Class II with retrognathic mandible in growing patient using modified sagittal guidance twin-block appliance." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 56, no. 4 (2023): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v56.i4.p261-267.
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Background: Class II discrepancies were primarily perceived as sagittal problems. Class II malocclusions usually cause aesthetic and functional problems, depending on the degree of anterior-posterior mismatch and interaction with adjacent soft tissues. Purpose: This case report aimed to evaluate the effect of modified sagittal guidance twin-block (SGTB) for Class II Skeletal and Dental Changes in a growing patient. Case: A 10-year-old patient presented with her parents and complained mainly of aesthetic problems. Diagnosis showed skeletal Class II pattern (ANB 6º) with retrognathic mandible, angle Class II molar relationship, convex facial profile, lower dental midline shift, crowding in the lower anterior teeth, and incompetent lips. Case Management: A growth modification treatment plan was considered for the patient, using modified SGTB. Both bonded and removable had the same design. In the SGTB, the bite block was angled at 70º, pushed toward the occlusal plane to maximize horizontal force toward the mandible. As a result, the mandible is guided forward and optimally positioned during occlusion. Conclusion: An ideal overjet and slight correction on lower anterior crowding teeth were achieved after full-time wear of a modified SGTB for 12 months. A modified SGTB appliance is effective in treating skeletal Class II with a retrognathic mandible.
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Bajracharya, Manish, Umesh Parajuli, Praveen Mishra, Prakash Bhattarai, and Reetu Shrestha. "Craniofacial Morphology of Class II Division 1 Nepalese Population." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 11, no. 2 (2013): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i2.7901.
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Introduction: Class II Div 1 is a deviation from normal occlusion and may arise from combination of di" erentcraniofacial components.The objective of this study was to findnd out the different possible dental and skeletalcomponents that lead to Class II Div 1 malocclusion in Nepalese population.Methods: The lateral cephalogramradiographs consisted of 30 males and 30 females between the age group of 18 to 32 years. All the radiographswere traced with hand on acetate paper sheets. All the landmarks were identified, located and marked. Steiner’s analyses and McNamara analysis were done for the cephalometric measurements. The mean valueswere obtained and were compared with the established available values of the Nepalese and Caucasian normsusing independent t-test.Results: Size of the mandible was found to be lesser than the established normalvalues. Prognathic maxilla with retrognathic upper incisors and retrognathic mandible with proclined lowerincisors and was found to be the most common combinations of Class II Div 1 component.Conclusion: Size of the mandible is less than the normal value which is the main cause of the Class II Div 1 pattern in Nepalese population. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; July-December 2012/vol.11/Issue2/10-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i2.7901
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Defabianis, Patrizia. "Post-traumatic TMJ internal derangement: impact on facial growth (findings in a pediatric age group)." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 27, no. 4 (2003): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.27.4.2782236161p3p467.
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Many clinical studies have shown how jaw injuries sustained during impact trauma to the face or mandible are the single most important cause of TMJ subsequent internal derangement. Proper function of the masticatory system is certainly the most influential variable in the TMJ remodelling; once a TMJ is internally deranged, adaptative or degenerative osteocartilagineous processes take place in the mandible, temporal bones and muscles.To evaluate relationships between consequences of posttraumatic TMJ internal derangement and disturbed facial skeleton growth in children, 25 patients (16 boys, 9 girls), 14 year of age or younger, were selected out of a group of 74 and analysed. They all had been treated by physiotherapy and had undergone combined clinical and radiographic examination for five years. Symptoms included, either individually or in various combination, pain, mechanical TMJ dysfunction and facial skeletal abnormalities, such as mandibular retrognathia and lower facial asymmetry manifested by chin deviation from the midline. Seventeen patients were found to have at least one abnormal and internally deranged TMJ on imaging studies; in twelve of them a mandibular asymmetry with chin deviation from the midline to the smaller or more degenerated TMJ was evident. Of the eight retrognathic patients, five were found to have bilateral TMJ derangement. In three patients both TMJ(s) were normal with normal facial structure. These data suggest that TMJ derangement in children may potentially have an impact on facial growth and lead to the development of retrognathia, with or without asymmetry, in many cases.
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Shetty, Veena, Murali Patla Shivarama Bhat, Krishna Nayak Uppinagadi Shroof, Vinayak B. Kamath, Yatishkumar S. Josh, and Vidya G. Doddawad. "Evaluation of Mandibular Morphological Characteristics in Orthognathic and Retrognathic Mandible." World Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 2 (2023): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2164.
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Kaur, Avninder, Baljeet Singh, Neha Kashav, and Neetika Singh. "Ankyloglossia with Cleft Palate in a 6-Year-Old Child: A Rare Case Report." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 6, no. 02/03 (2018): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677629.
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AbstractAnkyloglossia is a development abnormality in which a child cannot move his/her tongue ahead of mandibular incisors. It can lead to skeletal as well as dentoalveolar changes such as prognathic mandible, posterior open bite, retrognathic maxilla, and midline diastema in lower incisors. Laser frenectomy was performed in this case to relieve the tongue tie. Healing was uneventful.
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Kirschneck, Margarita, Nermien Zbidat, Eva Paddenberg, et al. "Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2 (TGFBR2) Promoter Region Polymorphisms May Be Involved in Mandibular Retrognathism." BioMed Research International 2022 (June 15, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1503052.
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Skeletal malocclusions are common phenotypes in humans and have a strong influence on genetic factors. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) controls numerous functions of the human body, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating whether genetic polymorphisms in TGFB1 and its receptor TGFBR2 are associated with mandibular retrognathism in German children and adolescents. Children and teenagers older than 8 years in the mixed or permanent dentition were included in this study. Patients with syndromes and facial trauma and patients with congenital alterations were excluded. Digital cephalometric tracings were performed using the anatomical landmarks point A, point B, sella (S), and nasion (N). Patients that have a retrognathic mandible ( SNB < 78 °) were selected as case group, and the patients with an orthognathic mandible ( SNB = 78 °– 82°) were selected as the control group. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from saliva was used to evaluate four genetic polymorphisms in TGFB1 (rs1800469 and rs4803455) and TGBR2 (rs3087465 and rs764522) using real-time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to compare gender, genotype, and allele distribution among groups. Genotype distribution was calculated in an additive and recessive model. Haplotype analysis was also performed. The established alpha of this study was 5%. A total of 146 patients (age ranging from 8 to 18 years) were included in this epidemiological genetic study. The genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism. Carrying the AA genotype in the rs3087465 polymorphism decreased the chance of having mandibular retrognathism ( odds ratio = 0.25 , confidence interval 95 % = 0.06 to 0.94, p = 0.045 ). None of the haplotypes was associated with mandibular retrognathism ( p > 0.05 ). In conclusion, we found that the genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in the promoter region of the TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism in Germans.
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Küchler, Erika, Caio Reis, Guido Marañón-Vásquez, et al. "Parathyroid Hormone Gene and Genes Involved in the Maintenance of Vitamin D Levels Association with Mandibular Retrognathism." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050369.
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In this study we evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 were associated with mandibular retrognathism (MR). Samples from biologically-unrelated Brazilian patients receiving orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Pre-orthodontic lateral cephalograms were used to determine the phenotype. Patients with a retrognathic mandible were selected as cases and those with an orthognathic mandible were selected as controls. Genomic DNA was used for genotyping analysis of SNPs in PTH (rs694, rs6256, and rs307247), VDR (rs7975232), CYP24A1 (rs464653), and CYP27B1 (rs927650). Chi-squared or Fisher’s tests were used to compare genotype and allele distribution among groups. Haplotype analysis was performed for the SNPs in PTH. The established alpha was p < 0.05. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to identify SNP–SNP interactions. A total of 48 (22 males and 26 females) MR and 43 (17 males and 26 females) controls were included. The linear mandibular and the angular measurements were statistically different between MR and controls (p < 0.05). In the genotype and allele distribution analysis, the SNPs rs694, rs307247, and rs464653 were associated with MR (p < 0.05). MDR analyses predicted the best interaction model for MR was rs694–rs927650, followed by rs307247–rs464653–rs927650. Some haplotypes in the PTH gene presented statistical significance. Our results suggest that SNPs in PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 genes are associated with the presence of mandibular retrognathism.
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Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah, Enny Willianty, and Theodora Theodora. "THE CHANGES OF MANDIBULAR ROTATION AND LOWER ANTERIOR FACIAL HEIGHT IN DENTOSKELETAL ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT WITH MALOCCLUSION CLASS II/1 ANGLE." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 1 (2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i1.13107.
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Background: Classification of malocclusion, especially in the class II division, has various biological variations and dental abnormalities with the presence of distocclusion of the first molar relation and proclination of the maxillary fourth incisor and causing the patient's profile to become convex. Aesthetic correction in class II division 1 is determined by the choice of treatment and taking into account the rotational pattern of the mandible. Objectives: To determine the effect of orthodontic treatment in relation to changes in mandibular rotation with lower anterior facial height and to determine the parameters of the effect of mandibular rotation on lower anterior facial height (LAFH) in Angle Class II/1 dentoskeletal malocclusion. Methods: Cephalometric data were obtained from lateral cephalograms presented before and after treatment. Assessed changes in Y-axis FH angle, SN - mandibular plane angle (GoMe) and NPog-FH angle facial angle. Data analysis with Pearson was used to correlate the mandibular rotation parameter (angle) with the lower anterior facial height parameter, namely ANS-Me (linear) (p > 0.05). Results: Group 1 access maxilla, normal mandible showed a significant correlation on the Y-FH Axis with ANS-Me. Group 2 with normal maxillary, retrognathic mandibles, showed a significant correlation between NPog-FH with ANS-Me and NPog-FH with extrusion of the upper/lower first molars. Group 3, the combination group which is the maxillary retrognathic access, showed a significant correlation between Sn-GoMe and ANS-Me. Group 4 is with different teeth, but normal bone (grade 1). Conclusion: There is a relationship between changes in mandibular rotation and changes in lower anterior facial height (LAFH) in the orthodontic treatment of class II/1 Angle dentoskeletal malocclusion.
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Rehman, Atta Ur, Basheer Rehman, Tariq Ahmad, et al. "EFFECT OF MANDIBULAR DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS ON AIRWAY IN PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS." Journal of Medical Sciences 30, no. 04 (2022): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52764/jms.22.30.4.7.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clinically and cephalometrically evaluate the pharyngeal airway following mandibular distraction osteogenesis in patients with TMJ ankylosis and retrognathic mandible.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 10 patients were included in this study. These patients were thoroughly evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively both clinically and radiologically using McNamara analysis allowing comparison of pre-op and post-op findings.
 Results: Out of 10 patients seven were females while three were male (Mean age 13.40 ±5.358 SD). Mean pre-operative UPPER airway width was 6.20±3.155 SD as compared to mean Post-operative upper airway (7.30±2.907 SD) with a statistically significant p-value (0.003). Mean pre-operative LOWER airway width was 4.90±1.969 SD as compared to mean Post-operative lower airway (7.10±2.9282 SD) with a statistically non-significant p-value (0.013). There was a negative correlation between post-operative lower airway and age (r= -0.26, sig=0.48).
 Conclusion: Mandibular distraction Osteogenesis can be used successfully in TMJ ankylosis patients with retrognathic mandible for the improvement of pharyngeal airway dimensions and relief from symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea due to decreased pharyngeal space.
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GUNJIGAKE, KAORI, DAIGO YOSHIGA, KAYOKO KUROISHI, et al. "Skeletal Class Ⅱ Retrognathic Mandible Treated with Maxillary Single-jaw Surgery." Japanese Journal of Jaw Deformities 34, no. 4 (2025): 247–57. https://doi.org/10.5927/jjjd.34.247.
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Rastogi, Shikha, Avinash Gohilot, and Gurkeerat Singh. "Nonsurgical management of class II division 1 malocclusion in an adult patient using fixed functional appliance: A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, no. 3 (2022): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.035.
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This case report highlights the effective and efficient usage of fixed functional appliance in the management of class II div 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible and deep overbite in an adult individual. Orthognathic surgery and Orthodontic camouflage with premolar extraction were not considered in the present case. The Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA type 2) was considered due to ease of fabrication, placing it simultaneously along with fixed mechanotherapy.
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Basukala, Dharma Laxmi. "Multiloop Edgewise Arch-wire Technique for Skeletal Class III Openbite: A Case Report." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 2 (2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20169.
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Skeletal Class III with openbite is one of the most difficult malocclusion to treat orthodontically. Generally, the morphological characteristics of this malocclusion are poor antero-posterior growth of the maxilla or excessive growth of the mandible with high angle. An 18-year-old male had Class III malocclusion with retrognathic maxilla and normal mandible with high angle. All third molars except on fourth quadrant were extracted to eliminate the posterior crowding. Multiloop Edgewise Arch-wire (MEAW) technique was used to upright the mesially inclined buccal teeth and to correct occlusal plane. In nine month time, anterior cross bite and open bite were corrected; normal overjet, overbite and Class I canine relation were achieved.
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Lin, Ng Hui, Eky Setiawan Soeria Soemantri, and Gita Gayatri. "Changes in soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible treated with twin block appliance." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 31, no. 1 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21154.
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Introduction: The soft tissue aspect in orthodontics treatment has gained attention in the last few years. The soft tissue profile is said to reflect the underlying skeletal profile, which causes a convex profile in patients with class II skeletal malocclusion. This research was aimed to determine the changes in the soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible after twin block treatment. Methods: The type of research used in this study was retrospective descriptive research with paired t-test. The population was children aged 10-13 years old with class II skeletal malocclusion that were treated with twin block appliance in the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The results of soft tissue changes before and after twin block treatment were compared. Results: There was an insignificant increase in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment (p > 0.05). Whereas, Holdaway’s H-angle was decreasing and Merrifield’s Z-angle was increasing after twin block treatment, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a decrease of H-angle, indicates a reduction in facial convexity and improvement of the facial profile after twin block treatment, but no difference in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment. Keywords: Facial soft tissue profile, class II skeletal malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, twin block appliance
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Sudhakar, Shetty Suhani, Sneha Shalu, Amritha Prasad, and Mithun K. Naik. "Modified tandem appliance for early correction of class III malocclusion – A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, no. 1 (2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.011.
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Class III malocclusion is associated with a sagittal malrelationship of the maxilla and the mandible, characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. The early treatment of Class III malocclusions provides facial balance, modifies the maxillofacial growth and development, and prevents future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra‑ and extra‑oral appliances. The major problem with extraoral anchorage has been of patient compliance due to its physical appearance. The case report presents an intraoral modified tandem appliance for maxillary protraction that has been used clinically to achieve successful results without relying much on patient co‑operation.
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Krivan, James F. "Category 2: Skeletal Class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible and hyperdivergent pattern." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127, no. 6 (2005): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.013.
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Sinha, Suraj Prasad, Akhil Shetty, M. S. Ravi, and U. S. Krishna Nayak. "Two Phase Therapy for Class II Division 1 Malocclusion - A Case Report." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, no. 03 (2017): 058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708726.
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AbstractA 13 year old growing male reported with a complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. The case was diagnosed to be Skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible. Since the patient was in the growing phase, two phase treatment was planned. The First phase comprised of mandibular advancement using TWIN BLOCK. The final finishing and detailing was achieved in the Second phase of treatment using 0.022 MBT Prescription (self-legating) to produce well-aligned arches in good function and aesthetics.
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Sharma, Deepak, and Hemant Kumar Halwai. "Anterior Open Bite Closure: A Case Report." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 1, no. 1 (2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9371.
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Anterior open bite is often caused by a downward rotation of the mandible and/or by excessive eruption of the posterior teeth. In such cases, it is difficult to establish absolute anchorage for molar intrusion by traditional orthodontic mechanics. This article reports the successful treatment of a severe skeletal anterior open bite case using titanium screw anchorage. A female patient of 31 years of age had open bite of 7 mm with increased facial height. The mini screws were implanted on both maxilla and the mandible, and an intrusion force was provided with elastic chains for 13 months. After active treatment of 19 months, her upper and lower first molars were intruded by about 3 mm each, and good occlusion was achieved. Her retrognathic chin and convex profiles were improved by an upward rotation of the mandible. Our result suggests that titanium screws are useful for intrusion of molars in anterior open bite cases.
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Beniwal, Garima, Naveen Bansal, Gurinder Singh, Amit Choudhary, Alisha Chuchra, and Suvansh Gupta. "Correction of the class III skeletal base with different mechanics: Three-year follow-up." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 6, no. 4 (2023): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2022.035.
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Class III malocclusion worsens with age, necessitating early orthopaedic therapy to restore facial equilibrium and regulate maxillofacial growth and development. A 12-year-old prepubertal male with a Class III skeletal base, anterior crossbite, retrognathic maxilla, and prognathic mandible is described in this report. To treat the anteroposterior plane and improve the profile, the ALT-RAMAC approach was used with reverse pull headgear. Following that, fixed mechanotherapy was used to get the desired effects. After that, the patient was monitored for another three years.
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Lubis, Hilda Fitria, Erik Idrus, Dewi Fatma Suniarti Sastradipura, Retno Widayati, and Miesje Karmiati Purwanegara. "Biological Mechanism of Orthodontic Movement in The Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using Twin Block." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 20, no. 3 (2024): 395–99. https://doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v20i3.9656.
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Introduction: Patients of growing age with dentoskeletal class II malocclusion are often found in the clinic, to avoid further severity it is recommended to use functional appliance in cases involving skeletal. Review: Functional appliances have been widely used since activators were introduced by Andersen, but the use of activators has many disadvantages such as the shape that blends between the maxilla and mandible making it difficult for patients to open their mouths, speak and eat, then the large shape makes patients uncomfortable and causes facial changes. Clark developed the twin block to answer the previous shortcomings, which is a simple and separate design between the mandible and maxilla causing patients to be more comfortable in speaking and eating so that it is comfortable to use for a long time. Twin block is a functional appliance used to reposition the mandible forward in cases of class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Conclusion: This paper describes the design and use of twin block and its effectiveness in skeletal correction. In addition, its use was found to improve facial shape, reduce overjet and overbite, corrected molar relationships and alleviated patient complaints.
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Ahmad, Tahir, Rajendra Bothra, and Javaid Ahmad Wani. "Andy gump deformity as post operative complication in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma." JMS SKIMS 23, no. 1 (2020): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v23i1.467.
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Patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancers are treated with resection of lower jaw,resection of tongue accompanied with reconstruction using muscle flaps. A number of post operative complications arise out of this invasive surgical treatment compounded with post operative chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy.Andy gump deformity is one of rare mandibular deformity characterized by retrognathic mandible, absence of lower lip and severe facial asymmetry. In this case series we report two among many patients who underwent central arch commondo operation for squamous cell carcinoma with andy gump deformity.
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Mathapun, Jirath, and Chairat Charoemratrote. "Is Incisor Compensation Related to Skeletal Discrepancies in Skeletal Class III? A Retrospective Cephalometric Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 10 (2024): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101021.
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This study investigated compensation in skeletal Class III subjects to compare various severities of abnormal jaws. A retrospective analysis of 137 skeletal Class III cephalograms (63 males and 74 females) was conducted, with cephalometric assessments determining skeletal and dental values. The results were compared with Class I cephalograms. Incisor compensation was examined by pairing normal jaws with varied abnormal jaws, classified by severity using one standard deviation (SD). Statistical analyses included Kruskal–Wallis tests, Bonferroni tests, Spearman’s correlations, and multiple linear regression. Four skeletal Class III groups were identified: OMx+PMd, RMx+OMd, OMx+OMd, and PMx+PMd (P = prognathic; O = orthognathic; R = retrognathic; Mx = maxilla; Md = mandible.). The upper central incisor (U1) showed proclination, and the lower central incisor (L1) showed retroclination across all groups except for U1 in PMx+PMd and L1 in OMx+OMd, which exhibited normal inclination. U1 exhibited limited compensation even with progressive maxillary retrognathism, while L1 showed limited compensation after one SD of mandibular prognathism. Maxilla (SNA) and jaw discrepancy (ANB) were inversely related to the U1 degree, whereas only jaw discrepancy (ANB) was positively related to the L1 degree. U1 in PMx+PMd and L1 in OMx+OMd showed no incisor compensation. U1 had limited compensation even with progressive maxillary retrognathism while L1 showed limited compensation after one SD mandibular prognathism.
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Panda, Ananya, Sumita Mishra, Smruti Bhusan Nanda, et al. "Distraction Osteogenesis versus Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: A Systematic Review Comparing the Skeletal Stability and Post-Operative Complications." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 17, Suppl 2 (2025): S1180—S1187. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1358_24.
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ABSTRACT Background: The most commonly used surgical technique for retrognathic or hypoplastic mandible is “Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)”. Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) can be used for mandibular advancements of 10 mm or more and has been stated to be stable. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to know whether there is any difference between “Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy” (BSSO) and “Distraction osteogenesis” (DO) in the advancement of mandible in terms of stability and their post-operative complications. Results: Out of five selected studies, there was a statistically noteworthy difference between “BSSO” and “DO” in terms of NSD of IAN function. There was also a statistically marked difference between BSSO and DO in terms of condylar resorption and post-operative infection. Conclusion: DO has reduced the incidence of neurosensory disturbance of IAN as compared to BSSO.
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Radescu, Ovidiu Danut, Silviu Albu, Mihaela Baciut, et al. "Results in the Treatment with Twin Block Polymeric Appliance of the Retrognathic Mandible in Sleep Apnea Patients." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 3 (2017): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.3.4873.
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is characterized by recurrent events of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Functional orthopedics has been used for patients who have OSAS and craniofacial anomalies because they change the mandible posture forwards, improving the respiratory function. In present, much attention is accorded to the relationship between respiratory function and facial morphology. This study combines the cephalometric measurements and cardio-respiratory polygraphy, in order to analyze the effects of a modified functional Twin Block polymeric appliance on respiratory variables in OSAS patients. The chief complaints of the included in study patients was the crooked teeth and the teasing about their smile. Pretreatment facial photographs show labial position of anterior teeth, gummy smile, a large overjet, incompetent lips and retrognathic mandible. The patients underwent overnight cardio-respiratory polygraphic tests in the same Sleep Laboratory, before and after mandibular advancement device treatment. At the end of the orthopedic treatment phase, the beneficial result of this study was the mandible correction, the maxilla restrained, over jet decreased, improving the facial profile and reintegration of the patient in the school social environment. The education of the parents and of the small patients to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to apply the available effective treatments with a positive social impact on self-esteem and which recovers the facial aesthetics and functionality is a stringent necessity.
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Kamboj, Ashish, SS Chopra, Nishant Sinha, Paras Angrish, and Pushkar Andhare. "Surgical growth modulation for mandibular retrognathism: A case report." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 7, no. 3 (2023): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2023.039.
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A case of 18-year-old female presented with retrognathic mandible having skeletal class II malocclusion, exhibiting convex profile, deep mentolabial sulcus, class II molar, and canine relation bilaterally with proclined maxillary incisors, increased overjet and 100% deep bite. The case had a severe ABO discrepancy index. The leveling and alignment of dental arches were achieved by sequential archwire placement using 0.022” MBT PEA. After leveling and alignment stage, the case was assessed for surgical growth modulation using intra-oral distractors. After necessary planning the case was operated for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and placement of intra-oral distractors. A standardized protocol was followed for the activation of distractors. Two weeks post distraction the case was reassessed for skeletal changes achieved, followed by settling of occlusion and removal of intra-oral distractors. Skeletal class I bases with improvement in vertical proportions was observed on completion of treatment. This case report suggests that in a patient with mandibular retrognathism and nearly exhausted growth potential, orthodontic treatment in conjunction with meticulously planned and executed mandibular distraction osteogenesis may be effective in achieving aesthetic enhancement and improved stomatognathic function.
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Chowdhary, Sonal. "Management of severe Class II malocclusion with sequential modified twin block and fixed orthodontic appliances." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 6 (March 4, 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.177966.
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Functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12 months stepwise mandibular advancement protocol with Herbst appliance has been proved to enhance condylar growth and improve mandibular prognathism. The present case report documents a 12-year-old boy presenting with Angle’s Class II, division 1 malocclusion associated with excessive overjet (11 mm), 100% deep bite, and retrognathic mandible. He was treated by a phase I growth modification therapy using twin block appliance with lip pads in a stepwise mandibular advancement protocol followed by a phase II preadjusted Edgewise appliance therapy.
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Pattanaik, Snigdha. "Management of a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 54, no. 3 (2020): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574220947551.
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PK, a 12-year-old female patient, was diagnosed with skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible, average growth pattern, Angle’s Class II, Division I malocclusion with Class II canine relation, mild upper anterior spacing, upper anterior proclination, uprighted lower anterior, lingually tipped 35, increased overjet and overbite, scissor bite Irt 24, 25, acute nasolabial angle, tongue thrust habit, incompetent lips, and lower lip trap. The nonextraction approach to orthodontic treatment was involved. The skeletal malocclusion was corrected using the twin-block appliance, followed by upper and lower pre-adjusted edgewise appliances (0.022 × 0.028 slot) with the MBT prescription.
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Nadir, Havana, and Anwar Amin. "Cephalometric Assessment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in a Sample of Kurdish Population in Sulaimani City (Retrospective Study)." Sulaimani Dental Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10183.
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Objective: This retrospective comparative cephalometric study aims to identify the cephalometric features of skeletal class IImalocclusion in a sample of the Kurdish population, the result of this study willl be useful in diagnosing and treating orthodontic andjaw surgery.
 Methods: A total of 85 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs with skeletal class II malocclusion (ANB>=4) and 81 withskeletal class I malocclusion (1=<ANB<4) were obtained from the pre-orthodontic patient records in a private orthodontic clinic inSulaimani city. The patients were between 18 and 35 years old. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed digitally usingFACAD cephalometric software. Twenty-two variables were measured from each cephalometric radiograph. The correlation betweenClass I and II was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test.
 Results: The result showed that the values of SNA, ANB, Y-axis, Convexity angle, Gonial angle, Intermaxillary angle, facial angleand FMA, posterior cranial base, effective maxillary length, LAFH were higher in skeletal Class II than in Class I cases, which indicatesthat skeletal class II Kurdish population have more vertical mandibular growth and prognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, andlonger face than class I. Meanwhile, SNB, Mandibular length, TFH, UAFH, Maxillary length, UI-Palatal plane angle, IMPA, andeffective mandibular length values were lower and the difference was statistically significant in the majority of cases.This illustratesthat the incisors are more proclined in class I than skeletal class II, whereas the mandible is shorter in skeletal class II patients. Theseresults summarize the characteristic features of skeletal class II patients in a sample of the Kurdish population in Sulaimani City, whichare caused by etiological factors (genetic, congenital). This information is useful for enabling orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeonsto attain a diagnosis and treatment plan for skeletal class II patients in a shorter period.
 Conclusions: Skeletal class II malocclusion in the Kurdish population is characterized by a prognathic but short maxilla, retrognathic,short, backward, and downward rotated mandible, and a prominent chin.
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Tanaka, Mioko, Yoshiko Seto, and Sakurako Kobayashi. "Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after Bionator treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 39, no. 2 (2023): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0028.
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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effectiveness of long-term Bionator use on the craniofacial pattern, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae in patients presenting with a skeletal Class II malocclusion involving mandibular retrognathia. Methods A treatment group of 27 patients with a skeletal Class II malocclusion treated using a Bionator was compared with a control group of 27 patients presenting with a skeletal Class I malocclusion managed without Bionator treatment. The Bionator was worn in the subject group until the complete eruption of the second molars. Lateral cephalograms of the group before (T0) and after Bionator treatment (T1) were compared. A two-way analysis of variance and a paired t-test were applied for statistical analyses. Results A significant increase in the SNB angle and a decrease in the ANB angle were apparent in the Bionator treatment group. The dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly. Conclusion Long-term treatment using a Bionator resulted in the advancement of a retrognathic mandible. In addition, the dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly, reaching the same level as that of skeletal Class I subjects.
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Mathew, Jeni Ann, Ranjit H. Kamble, Sunita Shrivastav, and Pallavi S. Daigavane. "Comparative evaluation of the forces produced by tongue on circummaxillary sutures in skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia using tongue crib with that of facemask therapy - A FEM study." F1000Research 12 (June 14, 2023): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134287.1.
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Background: Class III malocclusion has the lowest incidence when compared to other malocclusions. Class III malocclusion can be present in retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible or a combination. Various modalities have been used in treatment. Facemask with expansion is an effective appliance used for protraction in case of retrognathic mandible; although it is effective, dentists have to deal with patient compliance. Efforts have been directed to simplify the design of appliance to redirect growth. The finite element method can be used to simulate conditions to check various hypothesis. Methods: A finite element method (FEM) study was performed in two important steps: generation of model and model analysis. A tongue force of 4-6 pounds was applied to cribs (Group I) based on the frequency of swallowing per day (minimum to maximum). In facemask therapy (Group II), a downward force at 30 degrees along with transverse expansion of 1N was applied. Mean values of both sides were considered. Results: Von-Mises stresses in Group I and Group II showed a non-significant difference (p=0.535). Displacement in Group I and Group II showed a significant difference (p=0.0001). Maximum amount of displacement was seen in maxillary dentition on canines and incisors, and minimum stress was seen on posterior teeth in both interventional therapies, even though the Von-Mises stresses generated were different in both groups. Overall displacement in both Group I and Group II was similar. Conclusions: Both modalities were effective in the treatment of Class III malocclusion. The force transmission varied and overall displacement was similar in both modalities, which implies both modalities are effective in treating Class III malocclusion.
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Sidiropoulou, S. "Study of Craniofacial Relations and Facial Types in Greek Population with Normal Occlusion." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 19, no. 3 (2015): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0048.
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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the range of certain skeletal structures and investigate their relationship and facial types in Greeks with normal occlusion. 123 lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from 65 males and 58 females (mean age: 24 and 23 years respectively) with normal occlusion were studied at the Dental School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Angles SNA, SNB, NL-NSL, ML-NSL, NSBa and ML-NL were measured and analysed.Females presented significantly greater posterior inclination of the mandible (ML-NSL) and larger cranial deflection (NSBa) than males. Correspondence Analysis determined the relationships between the six variables and resulted in grouping the sample into 3 different facial types: (1) Type Α (Prognathic), characterised by high SNA and SNB values, anterior-upper inclination of the maxilla, anterior inclination of the mandible and small cranial deflection; (2) Type Β (Orthognathic), with intermediate values, which correspond to medium type of the normal range; and (3) Type C (Retrognathic), characterised by low SNA and SNB values, posterior inclination of both, the maxilla and the mandible, and high cranial deflection. These relationships were similar for both males and females.
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Bestourous, Daniel, Margaret Michel, Christopher Badger, Punam Thakkar, and Arjun S. Joshi. "Intraoral midline mandibulotomy to improve access for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) base of tongue resection in a retrognathic and microstomic patient." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 10 (2020): e236010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236010.
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A 74-year-old man was referred to a tertiary academic otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of a left-sided neck mass with unknown primary. Nuclear imaging modalities revealed a primary cancer located at the left tongue base. Further investigation revealed the tumour to be a p16 positive squamous cell cancer with metastatic spread to cervical lymph nodes of multiple levels. The patient was found on initial investigation to have microstomia and a retrognathic mandible, which are typically considered unsuitable for robotic surgery due to difficulties obtaining adequate exposure.The patient underwent bilateral neck dissection, followed by transoral robotic-assisted left base of tongue resection. A midline intraoral mandibulotomy was performed to improve robotic access. Following tumour resection, the mandible was repaired using open reduction with internal plate fixation. Postoperative occlusion was maintained, and the patient recovered well from mandibulotomy with none of the morbidity or cosmetic defects associated with a traditional lip-split approach.
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Al-Moraissi, Essam Ahmed, and Edward Ellis. "Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy Versus Distraction Osteogenesis for Advancement of the Retrognathic Mandible." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 73, no. 8 (2015): 1564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2015.01.003.
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Jena, Ashok Kumar, Satinder Pal Singh, and Ashok Kumar Utreja. "Effectiveness of twin-block and Mandibular Protraction Appliance-IV in the improvement of pharyngeal airway passage dimensions in Class II malocclusion subjects with a retrognathic mandible." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 4 (2012): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/083112-702.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To test the hypothesis that twin-block and Mandibular Protraction Appliance-IV (MPA-IV) are not effective in improving the pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) dimensions among Class II malocclusion subjects with a retrognathic mandible. Materials and Methods: Eighty-three subjects ranging in age from 8 to 14 years were divided into four groups. Group I included 30 Class I malocclusion subjects (healthy controls); group II consisted of 16 Class II malocclusion subjects (Class II controls); group III had 16 subjects in whom Class II malocclusion was treated by MPA-IV; and the remaining 21 subjects formed group IV, whose Class II malocclusions were corrected by twin-block appliance. Lateral cephalograms recorded at the beginning of orthodontic treatment in group I subjects and at the beginning and end of follow-up/treatment with functional appliance in group II, III, and IV subjects were analyzed to determine the PAP dimensions. Paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey tests were applied for statistical analysis, and a P-value .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Soft palate length was decreased significantly in group III (P &lt; .05) and group IV (P &lt; .001) subjects. Soft palate thickness in group IV subjects was increased significantly as compared to group II (P &lt; .05) and group III (P &lt; .01) subjects. The improvement in soft palate inclination in group III and group IV subjects was significant (P &lt; .01). The oropharynx depth was increased significantly in group III (P &lt; .05) and group IV (P &lt; .001) subjects. The depth of the hypopharynx was increased significantly (P &lt; .01) in group IV subjects. Conclusions: The twin-block appliance was more efficient than the MPA-IV in the improvement of PAP dimensions among Class II malocclusion subjects with retrognathic mandible.
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Alturk, Ibrahim, Mohammed R. Jaradat, Khaled R. Beshtawi, Hisham Atwan, Nader Giacaman, and Mahmoud F. Abu-Ta’a. "Skeletal and dental features of class II malocclusion among Palestinian population: a retrospective cephalometric study." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 70, no. 3 (2024): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2024.3.4.
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Aim. This study aims to assess the dentofacial characteristics for a sample of palestinian population with skeletal Class II malocclusion. Methods. A total of 170 lateral cephalograms for non-growing patients (age ranged between 19 and 32 years) with skeletal Class II malocclusion were retrieved. The lateral cephalograms were analyzed using virtual cephalometric analysis software - WeDoCeph® (Audax®, Ljubljana, Slovenia) to assess sagittal and vertical Skeletal parameters including SNA, SNB, ANB, SN/Mandibular Plane angle SN/Go-Gn, FMA and the Y axis angle were measured. Moreover, the upper and lower dental angular parameters (Maxillary incisor long axis with Sella - Nasion line (U1-SN), Maxillary incisor long axis with Nasion - point A angular (U1-A Point), Mandibular incisor long axis with mandibular plane (L1-MP), Mandibular incisor with nasion-point B (L1- NB) angular were also measured. The mean and standard deviation for each measurement were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Minitab) for Windows. Gender differences were analyzed using the independent t-test. Results. One-hundred and seventy lateral cephalometric radiographs were retrieved and analyzed. The Class II skeletal value (ANB value of 6.7 degrees) was mainly due to retrognathic mandible (SNB 75.5 degrees) rather than prognathic maxilla (SNA 82.2 degrees). In the vertical dimension, the Y axis angle, SN/Go-Gn angle, and FMA were generally increased. Regarding the dental parameters, the upper incisors were mostly retroclined, while the lower incisors were mostly proclined. There was a significant gender difference in two parameters (SN/Go-Gn and the L1-MP), where females showed more vertical growth and more lower incisors proclination. Conclusions. Skeletal class II malocclusion in the studied sample was characterized by retrognathic mandible, increased vertical growth, and compensated upper and lower incisors. Compared with male subjects, females significantly had more vertical growth and more lower incisor proclination.
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Devi, T. Shobbana. "Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report: Management of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 55, no. 4 (2021): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03015742211055910.
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KL, a 12-year-old boy, presented with a class II Div I malocclusion on a class II skeletal base (retrognathic mandible) with a 7-mm overjet and a horizontal growth pattern. He had a convex profile, incompetent lips, lip trap, deep mentolabial sulcus, everted lower lip, and positive visual treatment objective (VTO). KL had a CS2 cervical maturation stage, which indicates 65% to 85% adolescent growth remaining. Treatment involved growth modification using a removable Twin Block with midpalatal expansion screw. This was followed by upper and lower fixed appliance using 0.022” × 0.028” slot Mclaughlin Bennet and Trevisi (MBT) prescription. The retention protocol involved upper wrap around and lower lingual bonded retainer.
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Hassona, Yazan, Lamis Rajab, Dina Taimeh, and Crispian Scully. "Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome: Oral Health Care." Medical Principles and Practice 27, no. 3 (2018): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488352.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The aim of this report is to describe the orofacial manifestations and dental management of a girl with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: The facial features included microcephaly, thin lips, beaked nose, low set ears, and a retrognathic mandible. An oral examination revealed oligodontia/hypodontia, small dental arches, a high arched palate, and a deep overbite and increased overjet. Oral rehabilitation involved full coverage prosthetic crowns on the upper central incisors, stainless steel crowns on the lower molars, and removable partial prostheses to replace missing teeth. Conclusion: Recognition of orofacial features might help in the diagnosis of Sanjad-Sakati syndrome. Dental management of affected patients might be complicated by intellectual, neurological, and endocrine abnormalities.
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Valgadde, Sneha Basaveshwar, and Kishor Chougule. "Early treatment of Class III malocclusion with a tandem traction bow appliance." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 6 (July 15, 2016): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.186439.
Full textAbstract:
Since Class III malocclusion is progressive in nature, the facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age. Class III malocclusion is associated with a deviation in the sagittal relationship of the maxilla and the mandible, characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. The early orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusions, at the end of primary dentition or the beginning of mixed dentition, prior to growth spurt, allows the accomplishment of successful results, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development, and in many instances, preventing a future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra- and extra-oral appliances. The major problem with extraoral anchorage has been of patient compliance due to its physical appearance. The case report presents an intraoral modified tandem appliance for maxillary protraction that has been used clinically to achieve successful results without relying much on patient co-operation.
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Mass, Eliyahu, Ilana Brin, Leon Belostoky, Channa Maayan, and Natan Gadoth. "A Cephalometric Evaluation of Craniofacial Morphology in Familial Dysautonomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 2 (1998): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0120_aceocm_2.3.co_2.
Full textAbstract:
Objective The purpose of this study was to delineate the craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphology of patients with familial dysautonomia (FD) in order to contribute to the understanding of the association between progressive sensory and autonomic neuropathy and the characteristic appearance of the dys-autonomic face. Patients The study group comprised 32 patients with FD (15 females and 17 males; mean age 10.8 years, SD 3.5 years, range 5.8-19.8 years). Design Lateral cephalograms from each patient were traced twice. The means of the two measurements were compared with homologous cephalo-metric normal values of ethnic-specific and classical norms from the literature. Results In some parameters, the craniofacial morphology of the FD group was significantly different from the classical norms. There was a pronounced retrognathism in the mandible and a steep mandibular plane angle. The skeletal features of FD patients more closely resembled those of their ethnic group, although they were more retrognathic, and the mandibular growth axis was more horizontal. The incisors of these patients were more retropositioned and retroclined than were those of their healthy counterparts. Conclusions The results suggest an insufficiency of the expected dentoal-veolar compensatory mechanism that usually helps to bridge skeletal discrepancies. It is postulated that the neuropathy is probably the important factor in the lack of this compensatory mechanism.