Academic literature on the topic 'Retrograde viral tracing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Retrograde viral tracing"
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Banfield, Bruce W., Jessica D. Kaufman, Jessica A. Randall, and Gary E. Pickard. "Development of Pseudorabies Virus Strains Expressing Red Fluorescent Proteins: New Tools for Multisynaptic Labeling Applications." Journal of Virology 77, no. 18 (2003): 10106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.10106-10112.2003.
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ABSTRACT The transsynaptic retrograde transport of the pseudorabies virus Bartha (PRV-Bartha) strain has become an important neuroanatomical tract-tracing technique. Recently, dual viral transneuronal labeling has been introduced by employing recombinant strains of PRV-Bartha engineered to express different reporter proteins. Dual viral transsynaptic tracing has the potential of becoming an extremely powerful method for defining connections of single neurons to multiple neural circuits in the brain. However, the present use of recombinant strains of PRV expressing different reporters that are driven by different promoters, inserted in different regions of the viral genome, and detected by different methods limits the potential of these recombinant virus strains as useful reagents. We previously constructed and characterized PRV152, a PRV-Bartha derivative that expresses the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The development of a strain isogenic to PRV152 and differing only in the fluorescent reporter would have great utility for dual transsynaptic tracing. In this report, we describe the construction, characterization, and application of strain PRV614, a PRV-Bartha derivative expressing a novel monomeric red fluorescent protein, mRFP1. In contrast to viruses expressing DsRed and DsRed2, PRV614 displayed robust fluorescence both in cell culture and in vivo following transsynaptic transport through autonomic circuits afferent to the eye. Transneuronal retrograde dual PRV labeling has the potential to be a powerful addition to the neuroanatomical tools for investigation of neuronal circuits; the use of strain PRV614 in combination with strain PRV152 will eliminate many of the pitfalls associated with the presently used pairs of PRV recombinants.
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Rouiller, Eric M., Mauricette Capt, Michel Dolivo, and Francois De Ribaupierre. "Tensor tympani reflex pathways studied with retrograde horseradish peroxidase and transneuronal viral tracing techniques." Neuroscience Letters 72, no. 3 (1986): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(86)90521-5.
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Streefland, Cerien, Frans W. Maes, and Béla Bohus. "Autonomic brainstem projections to the pancreas: a retrograde transneuronal viral tracing study in the rat." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 74, no. 2-3 (1998): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1838(98)00047-2.
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Song, C. Kay, Gary J. Schwartz, and Timothy J. Bartness. "Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 3 (2009): R501—R511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90786.2008.
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The origins of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) have been defined using the transneuronal viral retrograde tract tracer, pseudorabies virus. Activation of this SNS innervation is acknowledged as the principal initiator of WAT lipolysis. The central control of WAT lipolysis may require neural feedback to a brain-SNS-WAT circuit via WAT afferents. Indeed, conventional tract tracing studies have demonstrated that peripheral pseudounipolar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory cells innervate WAT. The central nervous system projections of WAT afferents remain uncharted, however, and form the focus of the present study. We used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), an anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracer, to define the afferent circuits projecting from WAT to the central nervous system. Siberian hamster inguinal (IWAT) or epididymal WAT was injected with H129 and the neuraxis processed for HSV-1 immunoreactivity. We found substantial overlap in the pattern of WAT sensory afferent projections with multiple SNS outflow sites along the neuraxis, suggesting the possibility of WAT sensory-SNS circuits that could regulate WAT SNS drive and thereby lipolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) elicited increases in the SNS drive to IWAT. Here, we show that systemic 2DG administration also significantly increases multiunit spike activity arising from decentralized IWAT afferents. Collectively, these data provide structural and functional support for the existence of a sensory WAT pathway to the brain, important in the negative feedback control of lipid mobilization.
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Rouiller, Eric M., Mauricette Capt, Michel Dolivo, and Francois De Ribaupierre. "Neuronal organization of the stapedius reflex pathways in the rat: a retrograde HRP and viral transneuronal tracing study." Brain Research 476, no. 1 (1989): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(89)91532-1.
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Hanchate, Naresh K., Eun Jeong Lee, Andria Ellis, et al. "Connect-seq to superimpose molecular on anatomical neural circuit maps." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 8 (2020): 4375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912176117.
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The mouse brain contains about 75 million neurons interconnected in a vast array of neural circuits. The identities and functions of individual neuronal components of most circuits are undefined. Here we describe a method, termed “Connect-seq,” which combines retrograde viral tracing and single-cell transcriptomics to uncover the molecular identities of upstream neurons in a specific circuit and the signaling molecules they use to communicate. Connect-seq can generate a molecular map that can be superimposed on a neuroanatomical map to permit molecular and genetic interrogation of how the neuronal components of a circuit control its function. Application of this method to hypothalamic neurons controlling physiological responses to fear and stress reveals subsets of upstream neurons that express diverse constellations of signaling molecules and can be distinguished by their anatomical locations.
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Li, Dong, Hong Yang, Feng Xiong, et al. "Anterograde Neuronal Circuit Tracers Derived from Herpes Simplex Virus 1: Development, Application, and Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (2020): 5937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165937.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has great potential to be applied as a viral tool for gene delivery or oncolysis. The broad infection tropism of HSV-1 makes it a suitable tool for targeting many different cell types, and its 150 kb double-stranded DNA genome provides great capacity for exogenous genes. Moreover, the features of neuron infection and neuron-to-neuron spread also offer special value to neuroscience. HSV-1 strain H129, with its predominant anterograde transneuronal transmission, represents one of the most promising anterograde neuronal circuit tracers to map output neuronal pathways. Decades of development have greatly expanded the H129-derived anterograde tracing toolbox, including polysynaptic and monosynaptic tracers with various fluorescent protein labeling. These tracers have been applied to neuroanatomical studies, and have contributed to revealing multiple important neuronal circuits. However, current H129-derived tracers retain intrinsic drawbacks that limit their broad application, such as yet-to-be improved labeling intensity, potential nonspecific retrograde labeling, and high toxicity. The biological complexity of HSV-1 and its insufficiently characterized virological properties have caused difficulties in its improvement and optimization as a viral tool. In this review, we focus on the current H129-derived viral tracers and highlight strategies in which future technological development can advance its use as a tool.
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Campbell, Rebecca E., and Allan E. Herbison. "Definition of Brainstem Afferents to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Mouse Using Conditional Viral Tract Tracing." Endocrinology 148, no. 12 (2007): 5884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0854.
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Brainstem monoamines have long been considered to play a role in regulating the activity of GnRH neurons, although their neuroanatomical relationship with these cells has remained unclear. Using a Cre-dependent pseudorabies virus (Ba2001) technique that permits retrograde tracing selectively from GnRH neurons in the mouse, we have examined the organization of brainstem inputs to rostral preoptic area (rPOA) GnRH neurons. Two days after injection of Ba2001 into the rPOA of adult female GnRH-Cre transgenic mice, five to nine GnRH neurons located immediately adjacent to the injection site were found to express green fluorescent protein (GFP), the marker of virus infection, with no GFP expression anywhere else in the brain. In mice killed 24 h later (3 d after injection), GFP-expressing cells were identified (in order of density) in the raphe nuclei, periaqueductal grey, locus coeruleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and area postrema. This time course is compatible with these neurons representing primary afferent inputs to the GnRH neurons. Four and 6 d after Ba2001 injection, GFP-expressing cells were found in additional brain regions. Dual-label immunofluorescence experiments in 3-d postinjection mice demonstrated that 100% of GFP-expressing neurons in the raphe were positive for tryptophan hydroxylase, whereas 100% and approximately 50% of GFP neurons in the locus coeruleus and nucleus tractus solitarius, respectively, expressed tyrosine hydroxylase. These observations demonstrate that rPOA GnRH neurons receive direct projections from brainstem A2 and A6 noradrenergic neurons and that, surprisingly, the largest afferent input from the brainstem originates from raphe serotonin neurons in the mouse.
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Krieger, Jean-Philippe, Ellen Paula Santos da Conceição, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, et al. "Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 315, no. 4 (2018): R708—R720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00068.2018.
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Endogenous intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) controls satiation and glucose metabolism via vagal afferent neurons (VANs). Recently, VANs have received increasing attention for their role in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. It is, however, unclear whether VAN GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling affects BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure (EE) and whether this VAN mechanism contributes to energy balance. First, we tested the effect of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (Ex4, 0.3 μg/kg ip) on EE and BAT thermogenesis and whether these effects require VAN GLP-1R signaling using a rat model with a selective Glp1r knockdown (kd) in VANs. Second, we examined the role of VAN GLP-1R in energy balance during chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in VAN Glp1r kd rats. Finally, we used viral transsynaptic tracers to identify the possible neuronal substrates of such a gut-BAT interaction. VAN Glp1r kd attenuated the acute suppressive effects of Ex4 on EE and BAT thermogenesis. Consistent with this finding, the VAN Glp1r kd increased EE and BAT activity, diminished body weight gain, and improved insulin sensitivity compared with HFD-fed controls. Anterograde transsynaptic viral tracing of VANs infected major hypothalamic and hindbrain areas involved in BAT sympathetic regulation. Moreover, retrograde tracing from BAT combined with laser capture microdissection revealed that a population of VANs expressing Glp1r is synaptically connected to the BAT. Our findings reveal a novel role of VAN GLP-1R signaling in the regulation of EE and BAT thermogenesis and imply that through this gut-brain-BAT connection, intestinal GLP-1 plays a role in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Tsetsenis, Theodoros, Julia K. Badyna, Julianne A. Wilson, et al. "Midbrain dopaminergic innervation of the hippocampus is sufficient to modulate formation of aversive memories." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (2021): e2111069118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111069118.
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Aversive memories are important for survival, and dopaminergic signaling in the hippocampus has been implicated in aversive learning. However, the source and mode of action of hippocampal dopamine remain controversial. Here, we utilize anterograde and retrograde viral tracing methods to label midbrain dopaminergic projections to the dorsal hippocampus. We identify a population of midbrain dopaminergic neurons near the border of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the lateral ventral tegmental area that sends direct projections to the dorsal hippocampus. Using optogenetic manipulations and mutant mice to control dopamine transmission in the hippocampus, we show that midbrain dopamine potently modulates aversive memory formation during encoding of contextual fear. Moreover, we demonstrate that dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal CA1 is required for the acquisition of contextual fear memories, and that this acquisition is sustained in the absence of catecholamine release from noradrenergic terminals. Our findings identify a cluster of midbrain dopamine neurons that innervate the hippocampus and show that the midbrain dopamine neuromodulation in the dorsal hippocampus is sufficient to maintain aversive memory formation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retrograde viral tracing"
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Tanabe, Soshi. "Developing novel techniques for primate neural network analyses by retrograde gene transfer with viral vectors." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253133.
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Prevosto, Vincent. "Sensorimotor encoding in the primate posterior parietal cortex : electrophysiological and retrograde transneuronal tracing studies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066225.
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A l’interface des systèmes sensoriels et moteurs, le cortex pariétal postérieur génère des représentations stables de l’espace, et contribue au guidage des mouvements corporels. Nous avons exploré les aires intraparietales médiale (MIP), latérale (LIP) et ventrale (VIP) par électrophysiologie et traçage transneuronal rétrograde. Nous démontrons que les informations vestibulaires de mouvement propre dans MIP viennent directement, par trois synapses, du labyrinthe. Nous décrivons aussi des bases neurales des signaux de position et de mouvement oculaire dans LIP et MIP. Dans VIP, nous montrons que les signaux de position de tête permettent un codage de l’espace centré sur le corps. Enfin, nous dévoilons l’organisation complète des entrées cérébelleuses, nucléaires et corticales, sur MIP, et nucléaires sur LIP. Ces travaux sont un progrès vers la compréhension de la dynamique des représentations spatiales, du mouvement propre et du guidage moteur dans le cortex pariétal postérieur.
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Pavlopoulos, Alexandros Ikaros. "Characterization of the synaptic connectivity patterns of genetically defined neuron types in circuits that regulate dopamine and serotonin." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154201.
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The Lateral Habenula (LHb) have been implicated in both reward-seeking behavior and in depressive disorders due to its modulatory effects on dopamine rich areas. Excitatory projections from LHb target GABAergic interneurons of both ventral tegmental area (VTA) and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and consequently provide strong inhibition on VTA‟s dopaminergic neurons. These reward related signals are provided to LHb from distinct neuronal populations in internal Globus Pallidus (GPi). Here by using a dual viral combination of an adeno-associated helper virus (AAV) and a genetically modified rabies virus that displays specific transsynaptic retrograde spread we are providing anatomical evidence for a strong innervations of the LHb by VGLUT2+ glutaminergic and SOM+ GABAergic GPi neurons. Our results provide the first direct evidence for both an excitatory and an inhibitory projection m, from GPi to the LHb. Given the importance of the LHb as a modulatory nucleus of the dopaminergic system, the definition of its connectivity and function will give valuable insights in the understanding of both reward-seeking behavior and depressive disorders.
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Carvalho, Daniela Brum de. "Organization of the precise connectivity between mouse basomedial amygdala and insular cortex." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86148.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia Celular e Molecular apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>Estudos recentes têm indicado que o córtex da insula (IC) é uma região cerebral com um papel preponderante no processamento de emoções, incluindo medo e ansiedade. Acredita-se que esta e outras funções, tais como aprendizagem de sinais que transmitem segurança, previsão de risco e antecipação, são executadas juntamente com a amígdala, uma área que, tal como o IC, se encontra também desregulada em distúrbios de ansiedade. Esta hipótese é também suportada por evidências de estudos convencionais de identificação neuronal, efetuados maioritariamente em primatas não humanos e ratos, que mostram uma vasta conexão anatómica entre o IC e a amígdala. No entanto, uma vez que estes são desprovidos de especificidade quanto ao tipo celular e capacidade de determinar quais os neurónios que comunicam diretamente entre si, a conectividade pormenorizada a um nível celular entre o IC e a amígdala é ainda desconhecida.Considerando o papel do núcleo basomedial da amígdala (BM) na regulação da ansiedade, este estudo teve como objetivo elucidar a arquitetura anatómica detalhada entre o IC e o BM em murganhos, usando a técnica de identificação neuronal mono-trans-sináptica baseada no transporte viral retrógrado. Devido à especificidade do método quanto ao tipo celular e à restrição da dispersão do vírus da raiva, esta estratégia permitiu-nos identificar vias aferentes provenientes de diferentes sub-regiões do IC que comunicam com nerónios excitatórios pós-sinápticos nas porções anterior e posterior do BM (BMA e BMP, respetivamente). Observou-se que a maioria das vias que comunicam com o BM são provenientes da sub-região agranular do IC, particularmente da parte ventral (AIV), e que o BMA e o BMP também recebem fortes sinais provenientes das porções anterior e posterior da sub-região agranular do IC, respetivamente.No decorrer da nossa investigação usando uma técnica de identificação neuronal baseada num transporte viral anterógrado também observámos que neurónios excitatórios das porções anterior e média do IC comunicam especialmente com as partes anterior e média de diversos núcleos da amígdala, incluindo o BM. Em particular, verificámos que a porção anterior da insula projeta especificamente para os núcleos basolateral (BLA) e lateral (La) da amígdala enquanto que a parte média da insula envia fibras para uma variedade de núcleos, incluindo o BLA, LA e o BMA, o qual não constituí o principal alvo dessa porção do IC. Tendo em consideração estes resultados nós propomos que: neurónios excitatórios da parte média da insula provavelmente estabelecem conexões anatómicas com neurónios excitatórios pós-sinápticos no BMA; a porção média da insula poderá apresentar traços de conectividade semelhantes à porção anterior e que a conectividade entre o IC e a amígdala poderá seguir um arranjo antero-posterior. Contudo, estudos futuros, como por exemplo efetuar a identificação dos neurónios a partir da porção posterior do IC, são ainda necessários para providenciar uma visão completa da arquitetura anatómica entre o IC e amígdala, e assim, confirmar as nossas hipóteses.<br>The insular cortex (IC) has been recently considered to have an important role in processing emotional feelings, including fear and anxiety. This and other functions, such as safety learning, risk prediction and anticipation, are believed to be played in concert with amygdala, a brain region that, along with IC, is also dysregulated in anxiety disorders. This hypothesis is also supported by evidence from conventional tracing studies, performed mostly in non-human primates and rats, showing wide reciprocal anatomical connections between IC and amygdala. However, as they lack cell-type specificity and the ability to trace direct synaptic connections, the precise connectivity at cellular level between the IC and amygdala is currently unknown.Since the basomedial amygdala (BM) has also been implicated in anxiety regulation, in this work, we aim to unveil the detailed architecture of connections between the IC and the BM in mice by using the mono trans-synaptic retrograde viral tracing technique. By taking advantage of the cell-type specificity and limited spread of modern rabies viral tracing strategies we identified inputs from different subregions of IC to excitatory post-synaptic neurons in the anterior and posterior part of the basomedial amygdala (BMA and BMP, respectively). We observed that most contributions to BM are from the agranular insular cortex, particularly from the ventral portion (AIV) and that BMA and BMP also receive strong inputs from the most anterior and posterior parts of the agranular insula, respectively.In the course of our investigation, by using an anterograde viral tracing methodology, we also found that excitatory neurons from the anterior and middle parts of IC establish connections particularly with the anterior and middle portions of diverse amygdaloid nuclei, including the BM. More precisely, we found that the anterior insula specifically projects to the basolateral (BLA) and lateral nuclei (La) of amygdala whereas the middle part sent fibers to a variety of nuclei, including BLA, La and BMA which turned not to be the main target of this region. Based on these findings we postulated that: excitatory neurons from the middle insula may establish connections with excitatory post-synaptic neurons in the BMA; the middle insula might present some anterior insular connectivity features and that IC-amygdala connectivity may follow an anterior-posterior arrangement. Nevertheless, further experiments, such as tracing from the posterior part of IC, are still required to provide a complete view on the precise architecture between IC and amygdala and, thus, confirm our latter hypothesis.
Book chapters on the topic "Retrograde viral tracing"
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Haberl, Matthias G., Melanie Ginger, and Andreas Frick. "Dual Anterograde and Retrograde Viral Tracing of Reciprocal Connectivity." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6688-2_21.
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