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Journal articles on the topic 'Retromolar canal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Manfron, Ana Paula Tulio, Alessandra Soares Ditzel, Flávia Gasparini Kiatake Fontão, and Luciana Rei Azevedo-Alanis. "Double Retromolar Canal: a Case Report." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 5 (2019): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n5p474-476.

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AbstractThe retromolar canal is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal. Its neurovascular bundle may extend to areas of the temporalis tendon, and areas of buccinator muscle insertion in the alveolar process at lower third molar region, beside the retromolar fossa. The observation of the retromolar canal in conventional radiographs is limited by the presence of increased bone condensation in the region due to overlapping anatomical structures. The use of three-dimensional imaging techniques, such as cone beam computed tomography can contribute significantly for the treatment planning.

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2

Youssef, Wessam M., and Ahmed M. Hossam El-Din. "CBCT Based Evaluation of the Anatomical Variation of Retromolar Canal in A Sample of Egyptian Population. A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2023): 1618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.2291.

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The goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of the retromolar in the Egyptian population and to enhance the allocation of the retromolar canals and foramina. Methodology: Using a Newtom Giano HR CBCT system, radiographic evaluation of 250 CBCT scans was performed. According to the manufacturer's guidelines, multiple FOVs were used with the same voxel size (0.3 mm) to produce distinct scans for different patient sizes. The presence of retromolar canal was checked for, using the CBCT scans. Linear measurements were made from the retromolar foramen to the mandibular foramen in an anterop

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3

Sahiti, Florina, Resmije Abdyli, and Nora Berisha. "Prevalenca e kanalit retromolar–rishikim i literaturës." Revista e Stomatologëve të Kosovës 2, no. 2 (2023): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59138/clsklxncwowob.

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The retromolar canal is an anatomical variation located in the posterior part of the mandible. The retromolar canal contains the accessory neurovascular bundle of the inferior alveolar nerve and myelinating fibers of the buccal nerve. The prevalence of retromolar canal with panoramic radiography varies from 0.08–8.3%, while with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) it varies 10–66%, so knowledge about retromolar canal would facilitate oral surgical treatment in the retromolar area, avoiding complications resulting from damage to its contents.

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4

Pannalal, Vijeta, Abhijeet Deoghare, Chinar Fating, and Satyendra Jha. "The elusive retromolar foramen and retromolar canal: A CBCT study." IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 7, no. 3 (2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmi.2021.022.

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This study aims to evaluate the presence of retromolar foramen (RMF) and retromolar canal (RMC) in the mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in Chhattishgarh population and to correlate its possible clinical impact. 175 CBCT images were collected from which 100 bilateral CBCT images of patients were retrospectively selected from the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the Chhattishgarh Dental College and Research Institute and evaluated bilaterally which were taken for diagnostic purposes from maxillofacial radiology clinic and data were statistically analyzed. This was

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5

FREITAS, George Borja de, Alessandra de FREITAS E SILVA, and Luiz Roberto Coutinho MANHÃES JÚNIOR. "The prevalence of mandibular retromolar canals on cone beam computed tomography and its clinical repercussions." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 46, no. 3 (2017): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.00117.

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Abstract Introduction Knowledge on the normal morphology of the human mandible and its possible anatomical variations are of fundamental importance in dental practice, especially in the areas of surgery and implantodontics. The retromolar region is delimited by the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible, the temporal crest and the distal surface of the last lower molar. In this area, a retromolar canal may be observed emerging through the retromolar foramen. Objective This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of retromolar canals in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to cor

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6

Nikkerdar, N., A. Golshah, M. Norouzi, and S. Falah-Kooshki. "Incidence and Anatomical Properties of Retromolar Canal in an Iranian Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (March 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9178973.

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Objectives. Retromolar canal (RC) is an anatomic structure, and due to increasing demand for surgical procedure in the retromolar area of the mandible, the identification of the retromolar canal has become an issue of clinical concern. It can innervate the third molar and some of the muscles around the posterior segment of the mandible, complicating surgical procedures in the retromolar area and root canal treatment of third molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and anatomical properties of RC in a western Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imag

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7

Lemos, Gislainy Thais de Lima, Anderson Alves da Silva Bezerra, Silvia Maria de Luna Alves, Sidiane Barros da Silva, Taciana Rocha dos Santos, and Carolina Peixoto Magalhães. "Incidence of the retromolar foramen in dry mandibles and its significance for dental surgical procedures." Biotemas 33, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2020.e66995.

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O forame retromolar, assim como o canal retromolar, são variações anatômicas da mandíbula que se apresentam na região do trígono retromolar. Esse forame e canal contêm estruturas neurovasculares que fornecem inervação adicional aos molares inferiores e à área bucal. Objetivou-se verificar a incidência e ocorrência entre os sexos do forame retromolar em mandíbulas da Coleção de Ossos Contemporâneos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foram analisadas 61 mandíbulas secas, sendo 37 masculinas e 24 femininas. Das 61 mandíbulas, 18 apresentaram o forame retromolar (29,5%), sendo 12 mandíbulas ap

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8

DUMANLI, Didem, Gediz GEDUK, and Çiğdem ŞEKER. "Retrospective Evaluation of Mandibular Canal Anatomy and Variations by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." Journal of International Dental Sciences 9, no. 1 (2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1224382.

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Purpose: Determining the anatomical localization and variations of the mandibular canal is of great importance in determining the treatment method to be preferred during the treatment of the patient and having an idea before surgery for possible complications. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the anatomy and variations of the mandibular canal using Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT). Materials&amp;Methods: CBCT images obtained from 300 jaws of 300 patients, 168 of whom were female and 132 male, were used. The examined mandibular canals were divided into four groups as retromolar, a

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Patil, Karthikeya, CJ Sanjay, KR Renuka Devi, D. Nagabhushana, S. Viveka, and MS Girish. "Retromolar canal: a classic analysis with CBCT in South Indian population." European Journal of Anatomy 26, no. 6 (2022): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/rakk7944.

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The Retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomic variation, the identification of which has become a clinical obstacle as the demand for surgical procedures in the retromolar area of the mandible has increased. The inferior alveolar nerve innervates the third molar and some of the muscles around the posterior region of the mandible, making surgical treatments in the retromolar area more challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of RMC using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the prevalence, course, and pattern of occurrence of RMC. CBCT images of 160 patients

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SÖZEN, Emre, Meral YIRCALI ATICI, and Elif TARIM ERTAŞ. "Retromolar Canal with Multiple Branches: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports 24, no. 4 (2016): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/caserep.2014-43055.

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11

Güleç, Melike, and Elif Esra Özmen. "Investigation of the Bifid Mandibular Canal Prevalence in the Central Anatolian Population: A Retrospective CBCT Study." Medical Records 7, no. 1 (2024): 145–50. https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1555187.

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Aim: This study aims to retrospectively examine cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained for various reasons to determine the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) in the Central Anatolian population. Material and Method: A total of 518 mandibular canals (right and left sides evaluated separately) from 259 CBCT images (145 female, 114 male) that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. BMCs were categorized as retromolar canal, forward canal, dental canal, and buccolingual canal. Individuals were grouped into age ranges of 15-34, 35-54, and 55-75 years. Statistic

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Öçbe, M., and MO Borahan. "Identifying the Anatomical Variations of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve with Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 27, no. 1 (2024): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_641_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is located in the mandibular canal (MC). It is critical to evaluate the position of the MC during treatment planning to prevent intra or postoperative complications. Aims: This retrospective study aimed to identify the anatomy and anatomical variations of the IAN using soft tissue imaging (pulse sequence magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) study. In total, 220 MR images were obtained. Nutrient canals (NCs) were classified a

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13

Furlan, Lara Jaiane Norbert, Caroline De Freitas Conceição, Eduardo Martinelli Santayana de Lima, Roberto Ferreira Zanin, and Alexandre Weber. "Conduction of Third Molar Extraction with the Presence of Retromolar Canal: A Case Report." Open Dentistry Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010547.

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Introduction: The retromolar canal is a structure rarely identified in clinical practice. The content of this canal is composed of nerves, arteries and venous plexus that give innervation and irrigation to the third molar region and the vestibular mucosa of molars and lower premolars. Thus, knowledge of the presence of this structure is important in dental procedures, due to the complications that damage to this structure can cause. Methods: In this report, a 19-year-old patient sought dental care at a clinic, Dentistry course at the Federal University of Santa Maria for the extraction of thir

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FREITAS, George Borja de, Alessandra de FREITAS e SILVA, Luiz Roberto Coutinho MANHÃES JÚNIOR, and José Luiz Cintra JUNQUEIRA. "Prevalence evaluation and classification of bifid mandibular canals in CBCT exams in different facial types." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 47, no. 2 (2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.10617.

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Abstract Objetive The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence and classification of mandibular canal alterations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in different facial types. This research was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee, registration number 2.065.839. Material and method The sample consisted of 90 CBCTs from the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School database (Campinas-SP), divided into three groups according to brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic facial types. Result Of the 90 patients, 23 presented bifid mandible canals (25.6%), of which

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15

Ranjan, Rajiv, Rajesh Kumar Kushwaha, Rita Kumari, Aradhana Sanga, Babita Kujur, and Reema Kanchan Khalkho. "Morphometric Analysis of Retromolar Triangle in Eastern Indian Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 8710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2023.178.

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Background: Retromolar triangle exhibits great variation related with the 3rd molar presence, their impactation grade, its loss. RMT bone can be used as autological graft. RMT presents foramina of variable number and dimension. RMF of variable diameter can be found in different regional populations. Present study explores a morphometric study of RMT and their relationship to the mandibular canal and other bony landmarks of clinical significance. Materials and Method: After ascertaining the gender distinction, bilateral retromolar triangle areas were demarcated and its margins were identified.

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16

Nithya, J., and Nalini Aswath. "Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (May 23, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_67_2019.

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Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandi

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17

Shen, Yen-Wen, Wan-Chun Chang, Heng-Li Huang, Ming-Tzu Tsai, Lih-Jyh Fuh, and Jui-Ting Hsu. "Assessment of the Retromolar Canal in Taiwan Subpopulation: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study in a Medical Center." Tomography 7, no. 2 (2021): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020020.

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The retromolar canal is an anatomical variation that occurs in the mandibular bone. The retromolar canal typically originates in the mandibular canal on the distal side of the third molar and extends forward and upward to the retromolar foramen (RMF), which contains the neurovascular bundle. Accidentally damaging the neurovascular bundle in the retromolar canal during the extraction of the third molar, dental implant surgery, or maxillofacial orthognathic surgery may lead to subsequent complications such as incomplete local anesthesia, paresthesia, and bleeding during operation. The objective

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18

Öztürk, Ayla, Ayşe Tayman, and Anitha Potluri. "Observation of Double Mandibular Canals and Types of Bifid Canals in Dry Skulls." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 2 (2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0018.

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SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and morphologic mandibular canal variations in dry skulls.Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained of 57 skulls among the academic collection at the University of Pittsburgh. Orthodontic wire was inserted through the mandibular canal as a reference point at panoramic images for localization of the course of the mandibular canal.Results: Double mandibular canals were present in 2 out of 57 skulls (3,5%); one of them was unilateral the other one was bilateral. Additionally, bifurcation of the mandibular

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19

Siddiqui, Sadiq, Syed Zaidi, and Sandeep Arora. "A STUDY OF RETROMOLAR FORAMEN/CANAL IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 3.3 (2018): 5695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.312.

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Komarnitki, I., H. Pliszka, P. Roszkiewicz, and A. Chloupek. "A morphological study of retromolar foramen and retromolar canal of modern and medieval population." Folia Morphologica 79, no. 3 (2020): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/fm.a2019.0124.

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21

Eliades, Apostolos N., Kalliopi H. Manta, and Anastasios T. Tsirlis. "Neurovascular Content of the Mandibular Canal and Its Clinical Relevance: A Literature Review of the Related Anatomical and Radiological Studies." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 3 (2014): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0020.

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SUMMARYIn literature, anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve branches (infratemporal, extraosseous and intraosseous) are reported and their importance in clinical practice is discussed too. The spatial vessels’ position in relationship with the nerve in the mandibular canal was explored, which is of clinical significance in impacted third molar and implant surgery. It is believed that the neurovascular content of the main mandibular canal follows any variations of the mandibular canal i.e. bifid mandibular, retromolar and accessory mental canals. Retrospective studies and case re

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Cho, Bong-Hae, and Yun-Hoa Jung. "Assessment of accessory mandibular canal in mandibular third molars using cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 52, no. 12 (2014): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2014.52.12.006.

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Purpose: This study was performed to examine distribution of accessory mandibular canal and its characteristics in mandibular third molars. Materials and methods: A total of 251 subjects (166 males and 85 females) having mandibular third molars bilaterally were included in the study. Cone-beam computed tomographic images were reviewed for bifid or trifid accessory mandibular canal. The prevalence of accessory mandibular canal was evaluated according to gender, side and its branching type. Proximity and crosssectional position of accessory mandibular canal to mandibular third molar was analyzed

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23

Piskórz, Magdalena, Eliza Hamruk, Katarzyna Portka, and Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska. "Retromolar canal – an essential structure that is often forgotten." Journal of Stomatology 74, no. 1 (2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jos.2021.104698.

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24

Bilecenoglu, Burak, and Nihat Tuncer. "Clinical and Anatomical Study of Retromolar Foramen and Canal." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 64, no. 10 (2006): 1493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.05.043.

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Park, Min-Kyu, Wonsug Jung, Jung-Hee Bae, and Hyun-Ho Kwak. "Anatomical and radiographic study of the mandibular retromolar canal." Journal of Dental Sciences 11, no. 4 (2016): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2016.04.002.

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Moreno Rabie, C., M. Vranckx, M. I. Rusque, et al. "Anatomical relation of third molars and the retromolar canal." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 57, no. 8 (2019): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.07.006.

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27

Manfron, Ana Paula Tulio, Alessandra S. Ditzel, Flávia N. G. K. Fontão, and Luciana R. Azevedo Alanis. "Evaluation of Retromolar Canals using Cone Beam Computer Tomography/ Avaliação do canal retromolar por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 4, no. 4 (2021): 15952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n4-123.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, location and clinical implications related to the presence of the retromolar canal (RMC) on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). CBCT images of patients from Latin America Institute for Dental Research and Education - Curitiba,Pr,Brazil, was performed from June/2008 to February/2013. The interpretation was performed by a calibrated examiner, according to the criterias: presence, location and classification of the RMC variation, as well as, measurements of horizontal distances of the RMC in relation to the buccal bone cortical and diameter o

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Potu, Bhagath Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Abdel-Halim Salem, and Marwan Abu-Hijleh. "Occurrence of the Retromolar Foramen in Dry Mandibles of South-Eastern Part of India: A Morphological Study with Review of the Literature." Anatomy Research International 2014 (September 29, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/296717.

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The retromolar foramen (RMF) is a rare anatomical structure situated in the retromolar fossa behind the third molar tooth. When it is present, the foramen is connected with the mandibular canal and is believed to transmit neurovascular structures that provide accessory source to the mandibular molars and the buccal area. Reports from the literature show that the presence of RMF could pose a challenge in complete blockage of the inferior alveolar nerve during mandibular surgeries. We report the incidence of retromolar foramen from ninety-four dry mandibles of south-eastern part of Karnataka Sta

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29

AZLAĞ PEKİNCE, Kader, Adem PEKİNCE, İbrahim Şevki BAYRAKDAR, and Fatma ÇAĞLAYAN. "Evaluation of Frequency of Mandibular Retromolar Canal in Digital Panoramic Images." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 23, no. 3 (2017): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/dentalsci.2017-55664.

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Von Arx, Thomas, and Michael M. Bornstein. "The bifid mandibular canal in three-dimensional radiography: morphologic and quantitative characteristics." SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 131, no. 1 (2021): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2021-01-01.

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 The mandibular canal is a prominent anatomical structure and it is of great clinical importance since it contains the inferior alveolar nerve. The clinician is advised to proceed cautiously in the vicinity of the mandibular canal to avoid any damage to its neurovascular content. Based on observations in dry mandibles, in panoramic radiographs, and recently in three-dimensional radiography, various anatomical variations of the mandibular canals have been described. One such variant is the so-called bifid mandibular canal (BMC). Embryologically, multiple canals develop and subsequently fu

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Rashid, Z. "An Incidental Finding of the Retromolar Canal: A Case Report." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 54 (July 2025): 88–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.04.248.

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32

Capote, Ticiana Sidorenko de O., Marcela de Almeida Gonçalves, and Juliana Álvares Duarte Bonini Campos. "Retromolar Canal Associated with Age, Side, Sex, Bifid Mandibular Canal, and Accessory Mental Foramen in Panoramic Radiographs of Brazilians." Anatomy Research International 2015 (August 20, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/434083.

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Background. The retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomical variation that can cause complications in dental procedures. Method. The RMC was evaluated according to age, sex, and presence of accessory mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen, on both sides in 500 panoramic radiographs, belonging to individuals at the age of 7 to 20 years. The associations of interest were studied through Fisher’s Exact Test and Pearson’s Chi-Square Test, and the correlation was studied through Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r). The significance level used was 5%. Results. The RMC was observed in 44 radiogr

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Srivastava, Vandita, Rajesh Bansal, Kausik Chattopadhyay, and Monika Bansal. "Implant placement in the atrophic mandibular posterior region using the inferior alveolar nerve bypass technique after assessing the bone relative to the mandibular canal: A prospective interventional pilot study." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 16, no. 1 (2025): 109–17. https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_49_24.

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Introduction: Rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior mandible is very challenging because the distance between the crest of the ridge and the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is very less. Inferior alveolar nerve bypass is a technique in which implants are placed bypassing the nerve, lingually or buccally. The objectives are to assess the bone around the mandibular canal on buccal and lingual sides and place implants in the posterior region of the atrophic mandible using the inferior alveolar nerve bypass technique. Materials and Methods: The bone with respect to IAC in 60 sites from 10 patient

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Do, Quang, Daniel Shen, Hiroe Ohyama, R. Shane Tubbs, and Joe Iwanaga. "A rare case of trifid mandibular canal with bilateral retromolar foramina." Anatomy & Cell Biology 53, no. 4 (2020): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.20.153.

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35

Shah, SetuP, and Deval Mehta. "Mandibular retromolar foramen and canal - A systematic review and meta-analysis." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 10, no. 2 (2020): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ams.ams_19_20.

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36

Kim, Heung-Joong, Hansoo Kang, Yo-Seob Seo, Do Kyung Kim, and Sun-Kyoung Yu. "Anatomic evaluation of the retromolar canal by histologic and radiologic analyses." Archives of Oral Biology 81 (September 2017): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.012.

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37

Lizio, Giuseppe, Gian Andrea Pelliccioni, Gino Ghigi, Alessandro Fanelli, and Claudio Marchetti. "Radiographic assessment of the mandibular retromolar canal using cone-beam computed tomography." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 71, no. 3-4 (2012): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.704393.

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38

Jawed Akhtar, Md, Sufia Parveen, Premjeet Kumar aMadhukar, et al. "A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF RETROMOLAR FORAMEN AND CANAL IN INDIAN DRIED MANDIBLES." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 58 (2014): 13142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3747.

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39

Ahuja, SuruchiBajaj, NeelkamalSharda Bhardwaj, Vishal Dang, Ravjot Ahuja, and Hemant Mathur. "Prevalence of retromolar canal and foramen: A cone beam computed tomography study." Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 30, no. 3 (2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_79_18.

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Sferlazza, Laura, Fabrizio Zaccheo, Maria Elisabetta Campogrande, Giulia Petroni, and Andrea Cicconetti. "Common Anatomical Variations of Neurovascular Canals and Foramina Relevant to Oral Surgeons: A Review." Anatomia 1, no. 1 (2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/anatomia1010010.

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(1) Background: The anatomical variations of neurovascular canals that are encountered in oral surgery are often overlooked by anatomy textbooks or provided with insufficient information. The aim of this study is to analyze the most common variations, describing their morphology, prevalence and clinical implications. (2) Methods: A review of published literature from the 20th century onwards was performed using the PubMed electronic database as well as anatomical textbooks. The variations being investigated were: retromolar canal (RMC) and foramen (RMF), accessory mental foramen (AMF), midline

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Rusu, M. C., M. Săndulescu, C. Bichir, and L. A. S. Muntianu. "Combined anatomical variations: The mylohyoid bridge, retromolar canal and accessory palatine canals branched from the canalis sinuosus." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 214 (November 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2017.07.006.

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Kumar Potu, B., S. Jagadeesan, K. MR Bhat, and S. Rao Sirasanagandla. "Retromolar foramen and canal: A comprehensive review on its anatomy and clinical applications." Morphologie 97, no. 317 (2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2013.04.004.

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von Arx, Thomas, Andrea Hänni, Pedram Sendi, Daniel Buser, and Michael M. Bornstein. "Radiographic Study of the Mandibular Retromolar Canal: An Anatomic Structure with Clinical Importance." Journal of Endodontics 37, no. 12 (2011): 1630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.007.

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Zhan, Dongjing, Fei Wang, Donglin Zeng, et al. "Development of a Radiomic Model to Detect the Retromolar Canal on Panoramic Radiographs." Discovery Medicine 37, no. 193 (2025): 383. https://doi.org/10.24976/discov.med.202537193.31.

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Quispe-Huarcaya, Magaly Lizbet, Milushka Miroslava Quezada-Márquez, and Roberto Antonio León-Manco. "Características tomográficas de la bifurcación del conducto dentario inferior." Revista Estomatológica Herediana 26, no. 3 (2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v26i3.2955.

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Objetivos: Evaluar las características tomográficas de la bifurcación del conducto dentario inferior (BCDI) mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Material y Métodos: Se revisaron 1497 TCHC (527 hombres y 970 mujeres) del servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, periodo 2011 - 2014. El análisis de imágenes se realizó utilizando el software Galileos 1.7.2. El rango etario estuvo comprendido entre 10 a 89 años, con una media de 44.8 ± 14 años. Asimismo se utilizó la clasificación de Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Ai

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Li, Kun, Yanjia Hu, Pengyu Hong, et al. "New Classification for Bifurcated Mandibular Neural Canal." International Journal of Human Anatomy 3, no. 1 (2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-22-4094.

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Objectives To analyze the occurrence rate of bifurcated mandibular canal (BMC) by cone beam CT(CBCT) and summarise a new classification for further clinical work and academic communication. Method Randomly collected the CBCT images of 350 adult patients. Firstly, we analysed and summarized the BMCs into four types by the position of bifurcation point in the mandible. Second, we did statistics about occurrence. Then we have measured three kinds of distance of Type I and Type II. At last, we compared the advantages and disadvantages about different classifications. Results Among these 350 patien

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Barone, Selene, Alessandro Antonelli, Fiorella Averta, et al. "Does Mandibular Gonial Angle Influence the Eruption Pattern of the Lower Third Molar? A Three-Dimensional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (2021): 4057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184057.

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Lower third molars (M3M) are the most frequent impacted teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between M3M position and gonial angle. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population included patients with unilateral or bilateral M3M and underwent Cone Beam Computed Tomography. A morphometric analysis of the mandible was performed after three-dimensional reconstruction, recording gonial angle (GA), ramus high, ramus width, ramus divergency, and retromolar space. GA was the primary predictor variable. The primary outcome variable was the position o

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Orhan, Büyük Kaan, Dilek Yılmaz, Mehmet Ozgur Ozemre, Kıvanç Kamburoğlu, Orhan Gulen, and Ayse Gulsahi. "Evaluation of Mandibular Third Molar Region in a Turkish Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 9 (2020): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405616666200103094611.

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Objectives: To evaluate impacted mandibular third molar tooth region and obtain linear measurements using CBCT images and to assess the relationship between the impacted third molar and the mandibular canal. Methods: CBCT scans of 351 patients (208 females, 143 males) were assessed. Age, gender, and impaction site were recorded for each patient. The relationship of third molars with the vertical axis of second molars, 2nd molar resorption and the relationship between third molar apices and the mandibular canal were assessed. In addition, the distance between ramus and second molar, mesiodistal

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Sözen, Emre, and Hasan Akpınar. "Is the presence of accessory mandibular canals associated with the dimensions of the mandibular canal?" Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 84 (May 13, 2025): 241–49. https://doi.org/10.2340/aos.v84.43600.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to classify accessory mandibular canals (AMC) and investigate their association with the dimensions of the mandibular canal (MC) to enhance surgical planning and prevent complications in dental treatments. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were evaluated. AMC’s frequency, length, and diameter, including dental, superior, inferior, forward-open, forward-closed, and retromolar types, were determined. Additionally, the dimensions of the MC, including its length and diameter, were measured, and the relationship between the AMC and MC was statistical

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Kawai, Taisuke, Rieko Asaumi, Iwao Sato, Yasuo Kumazawa, and Takashi Yosue. "Observation of the retromolar foramen and canal of the mandible: a CBCT and macroscopic study." Oral Radiology 28, no. 1 (2011): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11282-011-0074-9.

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