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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Retroreflective'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Jenkins, Colin. "MEMS actuated retroreflective phase modulator." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436834.

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2

Guo, Lukai. "Geometric Optimization of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4498.

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As the field service life of retroreflective raised pavement marker (RRPM) is much shorter than expected, it is necessary to identify the causes and thus improve the RRPM structural design to mitigate the main failure modes, such as poor retention from pavements, structural damage, and loss of retroreflectivity. One strategy for extending RRPM service life is to enhance RRPM geometric characteristics to decrease critical stresses in markers. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between stresses, failure modes, and RRPM profiles. Based on this research, some measures a

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3

Zhang, Xianzhu. "Optomechatronics in retroreflective grating metrology for 3D surface measurement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0011/NQ52448.pdf.

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4

Conti, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick) 1973. "Experimental evaluation of retroreflective markings on trains and grade crossings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47664.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 33).<br>Every year in the United States, hundreds of accidents occur at grade crossings due to motor vehicles colliding with trains. Furthermore, a large majority of these accidents take place at night in rural areas. One proposed solution to prevent such accidents involves mounting retroreflective material on the sides of trains so that a vehicle's headlights will illuminate the reflectors and make the train more conspicuous. The objective of this research

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5

Tong, Jiaxin. "Using finite element structural analysis to study retroreflective raised pavement markers." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1913.

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6

Balk, Stacy A. "Nighttime pedestrian conspicuity the effects of pedestrian movement, orientation and the configuration of retroreflective material /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181666283/.

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7

Schmitz, Viola. "How can retroreflective clothing provide more safety through visibility in a semi-dark urban environment?" Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280081.

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Being inconspicuous in the dark outdoors can cause accidents including physical injuries. To prevent pedestrian being involved in accidents it is necessary to make them most visible to approaching people.This Master’s Thesis examines the use of retroreflective clothing in a semi-dark urban environment to provide safety through conspicuity. Through analysing the lighting situation in Stockholm, the ability of the human vision, reactions and existing products it has led to experiments and surveys to find the most efficient line placement and pattern to make an individual recognizable as human on

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8

Agrawal, Ravi Prakash. "Using finite element analysis of retroreflective raised pavement markers to recommend testing procedures for simulating their field performance." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3730.

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Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPMs) supplement other pavement markings to provide guidance to road users. Previous research concerning durability of the RRPMs suggests that their performance has been degrading over the years. One of the main causes for underperformance of the RRPMs is the lack of appropriate laboratory testing standards that can test the adequacy of the RRPMs to perform in field conditions. There is a need to modify the existing standards or develop new testing procedures that can better simulate field conditions. This requires identifying critical locations and ma

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9

Terry, Travis Neal. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emergency Lighting, Retroreflective Markings, and Paint Color on Policing and Law Enforcement Safety." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104450.

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This project is an in-depth investigation on the impact of lighting, marking and paint schemes on the operational aspects of police vehicles. This investigation consisted of two phases that ultimately consisted of four experiments. An array of lighting and marking schemes were implemented on police vehicles in a variety of jurisdictions for evaluation. The study then investigated the change in the visibility of police officers, the public reaction to these schemes, and the operational impacts of these systems. The first phase of the project was a naturalistic observation study where the goal w

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10

Busam, Stephen G. "Safety Evaluation of Diamond-grade vs. High-intensity Retroreflective Sheeting on Work Zone Drums: A Field Study and Driving Simulator Validation Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1299251425.

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11

Anders, Richard Lee. "On-Road Investigation of Fluorescent Sign Colors to Improve Conspicuity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35147.

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This thesis documents Phase III of a research program undertaken by the Virginia Transportation Research Council and the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute in cooperation with the 3M Company and the Virginia Department of Transportation for the evaluation of visual performance of retroreflective signs of various color combinations. Phase I was an off-road field experiment conducted to determine the best sign color combination, letter stroke width, and letter size for the emergency sign. Based upon the results of Phase I, three color combinations were chosen for testing (black on coral,

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12

Zhang, Rui. "DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF POLARIZED HEAD MOUNTED PROJECTION DISPLAYS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195289.

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Head mounted projection display (HMPD) technology, as an alternative to conventional head mounted displays (HMD), offers a potential of designing wide field-of-view (FOV), low distortion optical see-through HMDs (OST-HMDs). Existing HMPD designs, however, suffer from problems of low luminance and low image resolution, which limits the applications of such information displays for the scenarios which require high luminance and high image fidelity. The design of a polarized head mounted projection display (p-HMPD) was recently proposed to overcome the challenge of low luminous efficiency in exis

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13

Barker, Julie A. "Improvement of Conspicuity for Trailblazing Signs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36631.

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This document represents efforts to design and evaluate a new sign design for emergency route trailblazing in a two-part series. Study 1 was an off-road field experiment conducted to determine the best color combination and letter design for the emergency sign. Based upon Study 1 results, black on coral, black on light blue, and yellow on purple signs were chosen for further testing against a baseline black on orange sign, all with 125-mm, D series letters. Study 2 was an on-road field study of conspicuity, conducted using an instrumented vehicle through a construction zone-related detour,

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14

Higgenbottom, Morris Scott. "Liquid crystal modulation of retroreflection : a low-power communication/location technology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16695.

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15

Graving, Justin S. "Pedestrian conspicuity at night the effects of retroreflector placement and retroreflection /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1220473750/.

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16

Obeidat, Mohammed. "Modeling of guide sign illumination and retroreflectivity to improve driver’s visibility and safety." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19063.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering<br>Malgorzata J. Rys<br>This dissertation is the result of studying different methods of increasing guide sign visibility and legibility to drivers during nighttime, to increase safety on roadways. It also studies intersection lighting to indicate the lighting benefits on nighttime crash frequency reduction. From a survey conducted, practices related to overhead guide sign illumination and retroreflectivity in United States were summarized. A laboratory experiment was conducted to compare light distribution

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17

Daněk, Vladimír. "Právní souvislosti nočních dopravních nehod s chodci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367518.

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The thesis „Legal Context of Night-time Road Accidents with Pedestrian „deals with the interpretation of legal decisions on traffic accidents caused by the vehicle during the night and where the other participant was a pedestrian. The main aim of this thesis is to find the established limits for the assessing of blame in comparable accident situations in cases of traffic accidents of the vehicle and the pedestrian at the reduced visibility with emphasis on the assessing in relation to the circumstances of the cases from the technical and legal point of view and in relation to the health conseq

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18

Šašinková, Daniela. "Analýza vybraných vlastností vodorovného dopravního značení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402097.

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This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of selected properties of horizontal road marking (HRM). In terms of anti-skid properties measurements are made to determine the longitudinal friction coefficient, the coefficient of adhesion under different conditions and skid resistance of HRM. Measurements of anti-skid properties are supplemented by measurement of retroreflection of HRM. The theoretical part describes the current state of the issue, general characteristics of horizontal road marking and quantities measured in this thesis (friction and adhesion). The practical part consists of desc

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19

Redondin, Maxime. "Approches de classifications à partir de données fortement censurées pour l'analyse de fiabilité et la définition de stratégies de maintenance : application aux marquages routiers dans un contexte de véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1118/document.

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La qualité et la fiabilité des infrastructures routières jouent un rôle majeur dans la sécurité routière. Cela est d'autant plus vrai lorsque qu'on s'intéresse à la circulation de véhicules autonomes qui doivent être capables à terme de circuler seuls dans l'environnement routier. Les récents travaux menés au sein de VEDECOM montrent qu'une signalisation horizontale routière claire et visible est importante dans sa prise de décision. La détection des lignes de marquage sont en grande partie réalisée par des caméras. Afin d'optimiser cette approche et prévenir les situations de non détection, c

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20

Paulus, Susan C. "A Retroreflective Sheeting Selection Technique for Nighttime Drivers' Needs." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7859.

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In this thesis, the author developed a retroreflective sheeting selection technique for traffic signs. Previous research was used to determine the luminance needed by drivers (demand luminance). The author used roadways scenarios to determine the amount of luminance the retroreflective sheeting on a sign would produce (supply luminance). A spreadsheet was developed to determine the performance of different retroreflective sheeting types by comparing the demand and supply luminance for specific roadway scenarios. Using the results of previous studies, three demand luminance levels were created:

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21

Chen, Yu-Hung, and 陳昱宏. "A Study on the Usage of Retroreflective Sheeting for the Pole in the Rural Roadside." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31399807015010112253.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>交通運輸研究所<br>99<br>There are so many utility poles 、telephone poles or street light poles in the roadside. They are useful but also may be a risk to the vehicle driver.Lack of illumination in the rural road often cause pole to be a reason of accident. Local traffic administration tries to through various ways to call vehicle driver to pay attention to the roadside pole, also search for the ways about reflection on the poles to make vehicle driver more easily to know the existence and location of the pole. Through the experiment and the discussion of the result, we know the vi

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22

Re, Jonathan M. "Assessing Benefits in Vehicle Speed and Lateral Position when Chevrons with Full Retroreflective Sign Posts are Implemented on Rural Horizontal Curves." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-667.

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Driving a horizontal roadway curve requires a change in vehicle alignment and a potential reduction in speed. Curves may present a challenging situation during adverse conditions or to inattentive drivers. Chevron signs provide advanced warning and positive guidance throughout the curve. Some agencies place supplemental retroreflective material on sign posts to enhance the signs? conspicuity and visibility. The objective of this study was to determine any incremental benefits in vehicle speed and lateral lane position when retroreflective material was applied to Chevron sign posts (ChevFull).

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23

Tsao, Kuan-Yi, and 曹寬奕. "Scalable fabrication of biomimetic hierarchical arrays for retroreflection coatings." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75024579581476187654.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>化學工程學系所<br>103<br>Our research group reports a simple bottom-up self-assembly technology for fabricating retroreflection coatings with hierarchical micro-/nano-structures, which are inspired by fly-eye structure. Binary colloidal arrays consisting of glass microbeads and silica nanoparticles are assembled by a scalable Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology and convective self-assembly technology in a layer-by-layer manner. The self-assembled hierarchical structures exhibit specific colors caused by Bragg diffraction from the crystalline lattice of silica colloidal crystals on glass

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24

Chou, Chi-Ruei, and 周琦芮. "Pavement Marking Retroreflection Performance Specifications and the Preliminary Case Study in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23416241266318153700.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>土木工程學研究所<br>104<br>The reflectivity of pavement marking represents its visibility, which not only indicates the effectiveness of marking direclty, but also affects road safety. Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination, Qd, and Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance, RL, are the most commonly seen pavement marking reflection index, where Qd refers to the making visibility during daytime, and RL represents the night visibility of marking. Fuher more, RL could be subdivided into dry, wet and raining condition. Also, becuase the traffic accidents during nighttime have a hi

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25

ŠIMEK, Miroslav. "Testování odrazných systémů pro měření vzdáleností." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174182.

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The theme of this thesis is a "Testing of reflective systems for distance measuring." Within the work was created reflective device of aluminum sheet and reflective foil. This device was tested with another reflective device that operates on the same principle. The aim of this study was to test devices under different climatic conditions. Standard deviations of the measured values and the values of additive constants for each total station and reflective devices were evaluated. In conclusion, it was suggested the use of these devices in geodetic work under land adjustment.

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