Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RETScreen'

Renewable energy sources are getting much more important to reduce the increasing threat coming from greenhouse gases. Hydropower is the most important source of renewable energy. However, development of a hydropower project is a challenging engineering process. Several computer programs have been developed to make initial estimations on hydropower schemes. A computer program named RETScreen Small Hydro Project Model has been developed with the objective to make complete pre-feasibility studies including costing and financial analysis. Two case studies, which have been under construction in Turkey, will be used to check the accuracy of software in Turkish practice. Then in light of the results, RETScreen software will be used to make a pre-feasibility report on an existing multipurpose dam in Turkey. Electricity can be generated at existing dams which requires minor civil works. Porsuk Dam which is a 36 year old dam used for domestic, industrial and irrigation water supply will be evaluated for energy generation by constructing a penstock, powerhouse and installing electromechanical equipment.

There is a need for an efficient adjustment of the energy supply system towards renewable energy resources in the near future. This raises the question whether it is financially efficient to repower an onshore wind turbine or wind farm in operation with respect to specific surrounding conditions? To this purpose, the objective of this Thesis is a quantitative analysis of a wind power project repowering addressing certain legislative parameters, varying economic factors and WT models respectively. To enable this analysis, a case-study considering a number of hypothetical scenarios for repowering a wind farm in Germany has been applied. The scenarios address in particular the widely implemented limitation in overall building heights of 100m depending upon varying economical parameters. Nevertheless, this case-study applies three different WT models whereof one model matches the legislations and the other two models exceed the legislations by a varying degree in order to evaluate a potential productivity growth. The varying economic conditions are represented by a base case projection applying average wind power construction costs and financial rates whereas a best case and worst case projection consider deviating interest rates, capacity factors, investment and O&M costs respectively.   The economic calculations together with the determination of the capacity factor with respect to each WT model are performed by utilising the decision aid tool RETScreen. The results obtained by this case-study show versatile economic and technological performance. WT models of minor size addressing in particular local existing legislation regarding the limitation of overall height which must not exceed 100m are inefficient regardless of varying economic conditions. Exceeding the limitation, WT models provide a significant increase in performance and thus return positive economic results independent of varying economic conditions. The main conclusion is that existing local legislations based on previous considerations from the past but which no longer correspond to the state of technology have to be questioned in general or have to be mitigated by subsidy instruments in order to support a generation shift in technology before the end of life of operational wind farms and thus promptly increase efficiency by repowering.

This thesis describes wind power plants with focus on specific type of power plant. The trends of wind turbines in the world and in the Czech Republic are briefly described. Part of the thesis is the calculation of wind power plants, according to the selected type, which is located in the site of Prosiměřice in Znojmo. Calculation using RETScreen programme was also used.

Feasibility studies concerning decision-making for various types of items to be used in a small hydropower scheme is important for estimating the energy generation, the approximate cost of the project, and the required budget allocation. A computer program named RETScreen, which is commonly used in the North Americas, is capable of evaluating the energy generation, investment and maintenance costs for small hydro-projects. This thesis is based on application of this program to the Turkish practice. To this end, energy and cost equations dealing with energy generation and cost estimation of various items, such as costs of turbines, generators, installation of energy equipment, transmission line, etc., will be applied according to the common practice currently used in Turkey. A case study is performed to illustrate the use of this program. With the use of this program, it may be possible to perform quick successive runs to assess economic feasibility of several alternatives.

Hydropower helps countries meet their energy needs in an economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable way while saving money and increasing energy security and self-reliance. Being one of the fastest developing countries, electricity demand of Turkey has been increasing and is expected to increase in the future. Untapped hydropower potential is among the prospective alternative resources to supply this demand. Developing a hydropower project requires a great deal of expertise in multiple disciplines. RETScreen software developed by CanmetENERGY helps the planners and decision makers to assess the feasibility of renewable energy projects at the pre-feasibility and feasibility stages. This study is an application of RETScreen to assess the feasibility of alternative formulations for Niksar HEPP, a small hydropower project which is under construction in Turkey. Three alternative formulations are generated and their economic performances are evaluated and compared. First, optimum design discharges are calculated and then economical analysis is conducted for various electricity export rates by RETScreen for all the alternatives. This study provides a detailed literature review on hydropower and its economical, social and environmental aspects, and shows how RETScreen can be used in assessing the economical feasibilities of the current formulation for Niksar HEPP and its alternative schemes.

High greenhouse gas emissions increased the importance of renewable energy resources. Hydropower is among the most widely used type of renewable energy. Oppositions to big hydropower projects with reservoirs increased the use of small hydropower plants. Development of a small hydropower project is a challenging engineering task. Different software&rsquo
s are developed and used to make initial estimations of energy generation and initial costs of the project. RETScreen Clean Energy Analysis Software which can be used worldwide allows the user to estimate initial energy output and costs. In this study, three consecutive hydropower projects (HEPP), namely, Kemerç
ayir, Ü
ç
hanlar and Ü
ç
harmanlar HEPP&rsquo
s and four alternative project formulations to these projects are evaluated using RETScreen. The results of the evaluations are compared and best formulation for the projects is identified. In addition to economical profitability, hydropower plants need to be evaluated in terms of their environmental impacts and sustainability aspects. Sustainable development is a fundamental concept of natural resources management. International Hydropower Association prepared the Sustainability Assessment Protocol to evaluate new or existing hydropower facilities with respect to various environmental, social and economic sustainability aspects. The Sustainability Assessment Protocol of IHA is used to evaluate Kemerç
ayir HEPP. Due to lack of necessary information, rather than conducting a sustainability assessment of a small hydropower project (SHP), necessary information required to conduct such a study is identified.

Ingeniero Civil
Esta memoria tiene como objetivo evaluar la factibilidad técnica y económica de la instalación de tecnologías de Energía Renovable no Convencionales (ERNC) en hogares chilenos. La metodología consiste en seleccionar 2 tipos de vivienda en función del costo (una avaluada en 650 UF y otra en 5500 UF), y ubicarlas en 4 ciudades; Iquique, Lonquimay, Santiago y Osorno; para diversificar el efecto del clima y disponibilidad de recurso energético en el análisis. Se determinan las tecnologías aplicables a nivel residencial y se evalúa implementar un reacondicionamiento térmico a viviendas que permitan ahorro en el gasto anual de calefacción. Con ayuda de Retscreen se diseña la implementación de distintas tecnologías, para dimensionar los sistemas y evaluar su rentabilidad. Mediante flujos de caja se estudia el comportamiento económico en un período de 20 años. Se seleccionan las tecnologías económicamente rentables para aplicarse simultáneamente en las viviendas de cada ciudad y se adiciona al costo inicial de los flujos de caja el valor de cada vivienda. Con las combinaciones apropiadas de tecnologías para cada caso, se recupera la inversión inicial de su implementación en ambas casas en todas las ciudades. En la vivienda 1 el promedio del tiempo de retorno es 8,2 años; y para la vivienda 2 es de 6,3 años. Al incluir el costo de la vivienda los proyectos son factibles sólo para la vivienda de 650 UF, ya que cuenta con acceso a subsidios que merman la inversión inicial, permitiendo un tiempo de retorno promedio de 16,7 años (excepto Iquique donde no resulta rentable); mientras que para la vivienda 2 el proyecto no resulta rentable. La instalación de sistemas basados en energías renovables no convencionales, junto a reacondicionamiento térmico, es un proyecto rentable si se seleccionan sistemas que posean potencial energético en la localidad de interés. Su correcta selección e implementación genera ahorros monetarios anuales que, para el caso de viviendas de costo bajo o moderado, pueden llegar a costear incluso el valor de la vivienda.

Thèse (M. Sc. A.) -- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.
Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 janvier 2008). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en ingénierie. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. [140]-142. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU

There is overwhelming scientific evidence that shows the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere is rising at an unprecedented rate. This is attributed to increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions, a large proportion of which originates from anthropogenic combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels for energy. There is therefore a strong argument for the increased role of less environmentally damaging, low carbon energy sources including renewable energy technologies. Run-of-river hydropower is one such renewable energy option, considered more environmentally benign than traditional hydropower which requires the construction of large dams to create a reservoir. The aim of this study was to develop a model to search for, and map, economically viable run-of-river hydropower resource that can function on any global catchment of any size. Development and testing of the model was conducted on China's 2 million km2 Yangtze River drainage basin, the third longest river in the world and a rich landscape for hydropower. A gridded, distributed hydrological model was developed integrating high-resolution meteorological datasets and a digital elevation model (DEM). Using the model, the surface hydrology of the Yangtze catchment was simulated at a timestep of 6 minutes to obtain the mean daily surface runoff for every day from the beginning of 1979 to the end of 2007. Observed river flow data from sub-catchments of the Yangtze were used to calibrate the model by differential optimisation, an evolutionary computation technique. Validation was carried out on a 1.6 million km2 sub-catchment resulting in a mean objective function of 0.95 (where a perfect fit would be 1.0) across 8 objective functions commonly used in hydrology. Catchment wide mean daily runoff data was used to develop flow duration curves across the catchment river network. Virtual power stations were constructed at each river cell, iteratively testing differing scheme configurations, and costed using the RETScreen methodology. A best performing hydropower network was determined by a conflict algorithm, designed to prioritise high profit schemes and to remove lower performing and conflicting schemes. This resulted in a potential run-of-river installed capacity across the Yangtze catchment of 103GW (at 10% discount rate), generating 394TWh per annum. This model would be a valuable tool in finding optimal locations for future hydropower resource.

Germany is one of the pioneer countries in wind turbine technology. They installed many wind turbines during the last decades and are now confronted with a shortage of land suitable for new wind parks. Now, with an estimated wind turbine service life of 20 – 25 years whole wind parks are becoming obsolete and owners have to decide whether do decommission, repower or to continue the operation of their parks. The advantages of repowering as well as the bureaucratic hurdles are outlined and evaluated. This thesis deals with the repowering potential in North Rhine-Westphalia and is analysing the technical and economical possibilities of repowering. The main objectives are to identify wind turbines eligible for repowering and also to develop repowering scenarios in order to determine their techno-economic feasibility.  The designed steps of the methodology allow the census and the subsequent implementation of the results in WindPro and RETScreen.

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A matriz energética mundial é bastante dependente das fontes não renováveis de energia, assim, a adoção de novas tecnologias e estratégias que visem à eficiência energética são ações fundamentais, face às mudanças climáticas, escassez dos recursos naturais e demanda crescente de energia. Nesse sentido, o progresso autônomo da tecnologia dos LEDs, do inglês “Light-Emitting Diode”, e o progresso induzido, praticado pelo governo brasileiro, em eficiência energética são alavancas propulsoras para o crescimento das medidas de conservação de energia em todos os setores da economia. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho vem propor uma metodologia que busca reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica na Administração Pública. O método proposto é aplicado em um estudo de caso na Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (SUDAM), uma Autarquia Federal, utilizando-se, em um primeiro momento, de um pré-diagnóstico energético capaz de embasar a implementação de Ações de Eficiência Energética (AEE) por meio de medidas técnico-administrativas e, em um segundo momento, amparado por um diagnóstico energético aprofundado no sistema de iluminação artificial, sugere e emprega o LED na iluminação artificial de alguns ambientes da SUDAM. Para subsidiar a metodologia proposta é utilizado o software RETScreen® e a metodologia do Guia de M&V (Medição e Verificação) da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) tendo como premissas, respectivamente, analisar a oportunidade percebida no diagnóstico energético e quantificar os resultados obtidos admitindo a substituição de todas as lâmpadas antigas por lâmpadas LED. O trabalho apresenta os resultados, satisfatórios, provenientes das Ações de Eficiência Energética e conclui também que a utilização do LED na iluminação artificial da SUDAM possui viabilidade de aplicação com recursos próprios da Instituição, configura-se como uma proposta de projeto válida para Chamadas Públicas, que devem ser ofertadas pela concessionária de energia local, no âmbito do Programa de Eficiência Energética (PEE) regulado pela ANEEL, possibilidade de obter a Etiqueta Nacional de Conservação de Energia (ENCE) parcial para o sistema de iluminação e ainda servir como parâmetro e motivação para os demais Órgãos do Setor Público.
The world energy matrix is a lot dependent of non-renewable energy source, thus, the adoption of new technologies and strategies that aim the Energy Efficiency are actions fundamental, against climate changes, scarcity of natural resources and increase energy demand. This form, an autonomous progress of Lights-Emitting Diodes (LED) technology and an induction progress, practiced for Brasilian Government, in Energy Efficiency are levers to growth action energy conservation in all sectors of the economy. With that intent, this work comes to propose an methodology that search reduce the energy consumption in Public Administration. The method proposed is applied in case study in Amazon Development Superintendence (SUDAM), an Autarchy the Federal, using, in a first moment, of a pre-diagnosis capable of to base the implementation of energy efficiency action by means of steps technical-administrative and, in a second moment, supported by an deep energy diagnosis in artificial lighting system, it suggests and employs the LED in lighting some SUDAM environments. To subsidize the proposed methodology is used the software RETScreen® and the methodology of Measure and Verification Guide of the National Electrical Energy Agency (ANEEL), by having like premise, respectively, an analyze of an opportunity perceived in energy diagnostic and results quantify obtained admitting the renewal of all old lamps for LED lamps. The work presents results, satisfactory, from of energy efficiency actions and it concludes also that use of LED in artificial lighting of SUDAM it has viability application with own resource Institution’s, sets up like a propose valid of project to Calls Public, that must be offered by electrical utility, in ambit of the Efficient Energy Program regulated by the ANEEL, possibility of get National Energy Conservation Label, partial, to lighting system and still serve like parameter and motivation to the other Agencies of Public Sector.

Visų hidroelektrinių veikimo principas pagrįstas dviem pagrindiniais parametrais, - slėgio aukščiu ir debitais. Lietuvoje iki 2009 metų buvo pastatyta 82 MHE. Šis etapas jau baigiasi, kadangi potencialių vietų mažajai hidroenergetikai plėtoti Lietuvoje beveik neliko ir buvo paskelbtos upės, kuriose draudžiama statyti užtvankas. Šiame tyrime buvo ieškoma alternatyvaus, netradicinio sprendimo – vandentiekos ir vandenvalos tinklų panaudojimui. Tyrimų tikslas – išnagrinėti Kauno nuotėkų tinklų galimybes elektros energijos gamybai. Buvo apžvelgtos galimybės Pabaltijo šalyse panašaus tipo projektams įgyvendinti. Taip pat buvo apžvelgtos Kauno nuotėkos ir ištirta galimybė panaudoti esamą infrastruktūrą elektros energijos gamybai Kauno nuotėkų pirmose ir antrose valymo grotose. Šiame darbe pateikiama metodika, leidžianti apskaičiuoti projektinius hidrografus programa SMADA kurią naudoja JAV universiteto studentai projektuojantys užtvankas, krantines ir kitką. Vadovaujantis sudarytais hidrografais, pasirenkama turbina ir apskaičiuojamas jos galingumas bei komponavimo tipas programa RETScrean. RETScrean sukurta Kanadoje. Ji skirta įvertinti atnaujinamų energijos technologijų projektus. Skaičiuojant šia programa, buvo pasirinkti vidutinio 50 % tikimybės vandeningumo metai. Žinant tai buvo apskaičiuoti instaliuotas galingumas, metinis išdirbis ir turbinos tipas. Vertinant turbinų komponavimo tipus, buvo atliekama daugiakriterinė analizė programine įranga DAM ir pasirinktas optimaliausias... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The way of working of all hydroelectric power stations is based on two main parameters: the pressure height and the rate. 82 SHP were built in Kaunas till 2009. This period is coming to the end since there are not many places left for the Small Hydropower development in Lithuania. In addition to this, the list of rivers was announced in which it is forbidden to build dams. Therefore, the untraditional way of producing the electric power in the waste water network was explored. The aim of this research is to analyze the possibilities of Kaunas Waste Water Network for the Electric Power Generation. The opportunities to realize similar types of projects in the Baltic States as well as to adapt them to the existing infrastructure in primary and secondary wastewater grating of Kaunas were discussed in this research. Methodology that is presented in this paper enables to calculate hydrographs by the use of SMADA which influences the choice of the turbine and calculations of its power as well as the type of composition by the use of RETScrean. SMADA is widely used by the students of universities in the USA. The program RETScrean, that is used to evaluate the renewed projects of energetic technologies, was created in Canada. The year with the probability 50 % of wateriness was chosen. This information was used to calculate the installed powerfulness, production per year as well as the type of the turbine with a programme RETScrean. Multicriteria analysis was performed by the use of... [to full text]

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
94
The objective of this thesis is to apply the RETScreen software platform to evaluating wind energy projects. The projects studied include Shi-Men Wind Farm and Dan-Darn Wind Farm in north Taiwan, Her-San Wind Farm in south Taiwan, and Chung-Twen Wind Farm in Penghu. The research was carried by following the procedures, learning how to operate the RETScreen software platform, collecting the parameters of the wind farm projects, doing the simulations, and analyzing the results. The results showed that the wind farm projects will be profitable in about 12 years. This study is valuable for system planning and further expansion of wind farms.

Renewable energy systems have received considerable attention as a sustainable technology in the building sector. Specifically, the use of ground-source heat pump (GSHP) and air-source heat pump (ASHP) for heating and cooling of buildings is increasing rapidly, and the combination with photovoltaic (PV) systems and heat pump systems provide energy savings and environmental benefits. This study investigates the feasibility of replacing conventional heating and cooling systems in a multifamily, residential building with GSHP and ASHP systems and their combination with PV. The integration of PV with GSHP and ASHP systems presents an opportunity for increased solar energy usage resulting in a reduction of electricity demanded and a reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases. To analyze different heat pumps systems with and without PV, system modeling and computer simulations are performed with RETScreen Expert software.

A energia elétrica é um bem essencial para a generalidade dos setores, sendo o seu fornecimento um serviço fundamental do qual a sociedade depende. As energias renováveis desempenham um papel da maior relevância como solução alternativa e sustentável à produção de energia com base nos combustíveis fósseis. O presente relatório surge no âmbito do Protocolo da Universidade de Aveiro com a Galp Energia com estágio realizado na empresa Submerci - Construção e Urbanizações, Lda., com o intuito de identificar sistemas e comportamentos energéticos racionais, bem como possíveis melhorias e implementações de medidas de racionalização de consumo de energia. No presente relatório é estudada a viabilidade técnica, económica e ambiental tendo em consideração os consumos de energia ao nível global da instalação, com um maior enfoque na energia elétrica. De seguida, foram identificadas Medidas de Racionalização de Consumo de Energia - MRCE, sendo que, estas medidas vão proporcionar à empresa Submerci, Lda., uma poupança anual de 28 362 € com uma redução de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa (GEE) de 95 tCO2/ano e com um respetivo payback máximo de 5 anos.
Electricity is an essential asset for most sectors, and it’s supply is a fundamental service on which society depends. Renewable energies play a major role as an alternative and sustainable solution to energy production based on fossil fuels. This report comes under the Protocol of the University of Aveiro with Galp Energia with an internship carried out at Submerci - Construção e Urbanizações, Lda., in order to identify rational energy systems and behaviors, as well as possible improvements and implementations of energy measures. rationalization of energy consumption. This report analyzed energy consumption at the global level of the installation, with a bigger focus on electric energy. Then, were identified, Energy Consumption Rationalization Measures - ECRM, these measure will provide the company Submerci, Lda., an annual saving of € 28,362 with a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 95 tCO2/year and with a respective maximum payback of 5 years.
Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis

La production d'électricité aux îles-de-la-Madeleine augmente à un rythme de 2 % par année selon les prévisions d'Hydro-Québec - Réseaux autonomes1, et devrait atteindre 195 GWh par an d'ici 2011 pour répondre aux besoins de l'archipel. Les Madelinots devront donc faire appel aux énergies renouvelables, tel l'éolien, pour répondre à l'augmentation de la demande, mais aussi pour des raisons environnementales et économiques liées à l'utilisation de la centrale thermique actuelle. Des études montrent que l'archipel, situé au milieu du Golf du Saint-Laurent, est parmi les régions offrant l'un des meilleurs potentiels éoliens au Canada. Dans ce mémoire, le potentiel éolien sur l'archipel est analysé sur la base de données statistiques portant sur la mesure de la vitesse du vent. Ces données proviennent de diverses sources, Environnement Canada (EC), le ministère des Ressources naturelles (MRN) du Québec et de stations anémométriques artisanales. Ces statistiques sont compilées sur des périodes allant de quelques mois jusqu'à dix ans et correspondent à la moyenne horaire de la vitesse du vent. L'énergie produite mensuellement par une centrale éolienne est estimée en utilisant les paramètres de la distribution de fréquence de Weibull. Les paramètres de forme k et d'échelle c sont calculés à l'aide de la distribution statistique de la vitesse du vent mesurée et enregistrée sur une base horaire. Finalement, ces paramètres sont utilisés pour calculer l'énergie produite par une centrale eolienne d'une puissance de 35 kW implantée sur le site d'une usine de transformation des produits de la mer située à l'Étangdu- Nord, aux îles-de-la-Madeleine. L'objectif premier est donc de vérifier la rentabilité de toute centrale eolienne implantée sur l'archipel, d'évaluer les conditions favorables à toute implantation, d'en évaluer les impacts environnementaux sur un milieu fragile, à vocation touristique, et d'en évaluer les retombées commerciales. Le second objectif est d'établir les conditions et les paramètres pour lesquels l'évaluation de l'énergie disponible sur un site quelconque est la plus juste possible et ce, aux moindres coûts, par l'utilisation de ratios mensuels de la vitesse moyenne des vents combinés avec une courte période d'échantillonnage. Le dernier objectif est d'optimiser la gestion des charges liées à l'éolienne compte tenu de la variabilité des vents, même à faible vitesse, principalement dans un mode de production sans stockage d'énergie. Au chapitre premier, après un bref historique du projet et l'énoncé des objectifs, nous présenterons les contraintes liées à l'implantation d'une centrale eolienne sur l'archipel en commençant par un rappel sur la production d'électricité par la centrale thermique de l'Étang-du-Nord et une description du réseau de distribution sur l'archipel. Puis nous présenterons les contraintes techniques, financières et socio-économiques liées à l'implantation d'une centrale eolienne en site isolé. Au second chapitre, il sera question de l'évaluation du potentiel éolien sur le site sélectionné chez Pêcheries Gros-Cap (PGC). Nous présenterons à cet effet les éléments suivants : - Les sources de données qui proviennent d'Environnement Canada, du ministère de Ressources naturelles du Québec et de stations de mesures anémométriques de type artisanal. - La direction des vents dominants sur le site de Pêcheries Gros-Cap. - La loi de Weibull et la loi de puissance qui décrivent la distribution de fréquence des vents à hauteur du moyeu de la turbine. Ces deux fonctions permettront le calcul de la moyenne annuelle de la vitesse du vent sur le site. - Une description du site d'implantation de la turbine. - Le calcul des paramètres de formes k et d'échelle c permettant ainsi l'évaluation de l'énergie disponible et l'estimation de la production énergétique annuelle. Puis il sera question dans ce même chapitre de l'estimation de la production annuelle d'électricité. Nous verrons l'historique de consommation du client et les économies d'énergie anticipées. Nous comparerons nos résultats avec ceux obtenus à l'aide du logiciel d'analyse de projets d'énergies renouvelables RETScreen International. RETScreen offre en plus une évaluation des gaz à effets de serre (GES) évités par l'utilisation de la centrale éolienne. Enfin, nous étudierons les impacts environnementaux conséquents à l'implantation de la centrale éolienne chez Pêcheries Gros-Cap. Au chapitre trois, nous présenterons la centrale éolienne installée au Gros-Cap. Il sera question des machines asynchrones qui équipent la turbine, de leur mode de fonctionnement et des conditions d'opération de celles-ci. Il sera aussi question de la régulation de la tension lorsque l'on opère en mode autonome avec une génératrice asynchrone. Enfin, au quatrième chapitre, nous présenterons les performances obtenues par la centrale éolienne, c'est-à-dire la courbe de puissance, la production énergétique et le rendement global de la centrale éolienne. Le chapitre cinq présente la synthèse de chacun des chapitres. À la lumière des observations et du rendement obtenu lors du fonctionnement de cette centrale éolienne de 35 kW, en mode autonome et sans stockage d'énergie, nous en concluons que pour ce type d'installation et de génératrice, cette centrale éolienne est rapidement devenue hors de prix compte tenu de la puissance générée par celle-ci, c'est-àdire une valeur nominale de 18 kW. Par conséquent, les charges liées sont limitées par la puissance générée, mais aussi par l'exigence d'alimenter la génératrice en puissance réactive puisque nous sommes hors réseau et sans stockage d'énergie. De plus, la tour en aluminium a un effet limitatif sur la production énergétique. Quant à l'évaluation du potentiel éolien, il s'avère que l'utilisation du logiciel d'analyse de projet RETScreen® apporte une solution rapide, simple et complète pour tout projet d'implantation de centrale éolienne de faible puissance. Néanmoins, la variabilité du phénomène climatique confère à l'estimation de la production annuelle un caractère strictement indicatif. L'archipel des îles-de-la-Madeleine reste un lieu éloigné, qui peut devenir difficile d'accès à certaines périodes de l'année, augmentant d'autant les risques liés à la réalisation de tels projets. Les Madelinots eux-mêmes y voient peu d'intérêt puisque pour l'heure ce projet, comme bien d'autres avant lui, a démontré qu'il n'y avait aucune rentabilité à retirer d'une telle installation. Les efforts déployés pour rentabiliser la centrale éolienne via un branchement au réseau local de distribution d'électricité alimenté par la centrale thermique ont été vains et toutes les perspectives d'un développement futur de la filière éolienne aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine sont actuellement fermées.

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
O aumento das preocupações ambientais decorrentes da evolução crescente das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa associadas ao uso de combustíveis fósseis, tem contribuído para a expansão na Europa e na América do Norte do Aquecimento Urbano (District Heating). Este sistema possibilita o aquecimento de um conjunto de edifícios a partir de uma única central de aquecimento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de converter o atual sistema de aquecimento do ar ambiente dos vários edifícios do Campus do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, em Portugal, num sistema de Aquecimento Urbano alimentado a biomassa florestal na forma de pellets. Procurou-se avaliar também a possibilidade de usar um sistema de cogeração, como forma de aumentar a eficiência de produção energética da central. Para tal, recorreu-se ao software RETScreen para modelar o sistema atual de aquecimento do Campus assim como para construir modelos de sistemas de aquecimento alternativos com os quais foi posteriormente comparado em termos energéticos, ambientais e de custos de combustível. Os resultados indicam que um sistema de aquecimento urbano utilizando biomassa como combustível é uma alternativa com benefícios a nível das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa e em termos de custos com combustível, em particular quando baseada em sistemas de cogeração. Assim sendo, a conversão do sistema atual do IPB a gás natural num sistema de aquecimento urbano com cogeração e utilização de biomassa deve ser equacionada como uma solução viável num futuro próximo.
Increasing environmental awareness regarding greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels has contributed to the expansion of District Heating in Europe and North America.This system allows the simultaneous heating of a group of buildings from a single heating plant. In this way, the present work had the objective of evaluating the possibility of converting the current system of ambient air heating of the various buildings of the Campus of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal, in an Urban Heating system fed by forest biomass in the form of pellets. Also, this work aimed to test the use of cogeneration systems fired by biomass, with the simultaneous generation of heat and electricity, increasing the efficiency of production. RETScreen software was used to model the current campus heating system as well as to construct models of alternative heating systems with which it was later compared in terms of emisions and cost of fuel. The results indicate that an urban heating system using biomass as fuel is an alternative with benefits in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel costs when based on cogeneration systems. Therefore, the conversion of the current IPB system based on the use of natural gas in a district heating system centered in a cogeneration plant using biomass should be considered as a viable solution in the near future.