Academic literature on the topic 'Retting method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Retting method"
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Zakaria Ahmed, Taslima Rahman, Umme Hafsa Timmi, and Sadia Mehrin. "Types, stages and mechanism of action of Jute retting: An overview." International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2023): 009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.2.0026.
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Some factors hastening up retting process which are- retting water, retting in already used water, harvesting time, climate conditions like high temperatures, deep water (too deep water will delay retting, addition of chemicals, materials used as weights on Jak, method of retting, variety of jute, method of fiber extraction, stage of harvesting, period of retting, etc. There are few methods of retting available which are- conventional method of whole plant retting, chemical retting, microbial retting, mechano-microbial retting and In-situ retting with microbial consortium. There are three sequential stages in retting (based on the morphological modification, dynamics of pH and various enzymes related to them during the entire jute retting process): Stage 1 (Initial retting stage); Stage 2 (Middle retting stage) and Stage 3 (Final retting stage).
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Zegeye, Lejalem Haile. "Extraction and Characterization of Dracaena fragrans Leaf Fibre." Textile & Leather Review 7 (March 22, 2024): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2023.202.
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Textile industries have recently become prevalent environmental pollutants as a result of natural inconsistencies and resource scarcity. As a remedy, using natural fibres for textile production is strongly encouraged. Dracaena fragrans is an Ethiopian plant with lingo-cellulosic fibres that can be used for textile applications. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of Ethiopian Dracaena fragrans leaf fibre and evaluates its application in the textile industry. For fibre extraction, water, 10% NaOH, 1% H2O2, EDTA di (with 1.5% and 1%, respectively), 0.2% pectinase (presoak), 0.05% alpha-amylase (for 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours retting), and 5% gel retting methods were utilized. Subsequently, the properties of extracted fibre, mainly fibre length, fineness, tenacity, elongation at break, and degree of whiteness, were evaluated. Longer fibres (46 ± 0.74 cm) were obtained by pectinase retting. Comparatively, finer (11.22 ± 0.64 dtex) fibres were obtained by the water retting method. Fibre with the best tenacity (54.51 ± 0.61, 53.54 ± 0.60, and 52.53 ± 0.61) was obtained by EDTA di (1%), 5% gel retting and water retting methods respectively. On the other hand, higher elongation at break (7.28 ± 0.78%) was obtained by 0.05% alpha-amylase retting with a retting time of 24 hours. And finally, the best fibre whiteness (w* = 71) was obtained by 1% H2O2 retting. Long fibres obtained by the pectinase retting method can be used for the production of packaging sacks and hessians. Fibres obtained by the water retting method can be used for the production of linen fabrics such as lace and sheeting. On the other hand, high-tenacity fibres extracted using (1%) EDTA di retting and 5% gel retting methods can be used for the production of cloths, bags, and shoes. Finally, a highly extensible fibre extracted using α-amylase (24 hours retting) can be used for the production of sports clothes.
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Anuar, Atikah, Mohd Rozi Ahmad, and Mohamad Faizul Yahya. "Linear Density and Surface Morphology of Kenaf Fibres from Different Extraction Methods." Advanced Materials Research 1134 (December 2015): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.103.
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The fineness and morphology of kenaf fibres are the main focus of this paper. The kenaf fibres were processed through water retting, chemical retting and mechanical extractions. The water retting method produces finer fibres between 3.2 to 3.7 Tex while other methods produces fibres between 4.0 to 5.0 Tex. The chemical retting method resulted in smoother fibre surface when examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy under different magnifications. The fibre diameters from the different retting and extraction methods vary from 33 to 134 m and did not show to have any relationship with fibre fineness.
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Nasreen, M. A., M. M. Ali, S. Akhter, Tahmina, M. A. R. Dayan, and M. M. Uddin. "Mechanization of fibre extraction: an eco-friendly alternative method of jute retting." Journal of Science Technology and Environment Informatics 11, no. 01 (2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.110121.75.
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Jute retting has become a major obstacle for cultivation of jute due to water scarcity. Not only that, the water retting generates waste water and causes environmental pollution. This experiment was conducted to extract fibre through a mechanical process instead of extracting traditional water retting to overcome the problem. Machine extraction and water retting methods were applied to non-retted ribbons. Physico- chemical properties were then determined of the extracted fibre samples. The promising result obtained that the fibre extraction from ribbon is possible by the developed fibre extractor machine. Machine extracted fibre of the bottom portion shows similar strength and luster property like water retted fibre of the bottom. Middle portion of the machine extracted fibre showed a significantly higher luster property compared to water retted middle portion. Machine extracted fibres were coarse compared to water retted fibre. Water retting process produced finer quality fibre. Machine extracted fibres contain lower cellulose, higher hemicellulose and higher lignin compared to water retted fibre. These results show the possibility of developing alternative bast fibre extraction processes employing machine not undergoing water retting method.
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Md. Shadiqul Islam, Mst. Ayesha Akther Zaman, Kamrun Nahar, and Sharif Md. Al-Reza. "Effect of retting methods on molecular weight of Agave atroverance fibers." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (2023): 038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0325.
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This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of retting method on the molecular weight of different portion of the Agave atroverance fiber (top, middle and bottom) extracted by different retting techniques. The raw fibers from Agave atroverance plant were retted by biological and chemical (degumming) retting methods. In biological retting method both the stagnant and boil water were utilized and in chemical retting method, the extracted fibres were treated with the 5% NaOH. Agave atroverance fiber is not purely cellulosic fiber. Percentage composition of different portion of the raw fiber was also determined. It contains α-cellulose, hemicellulose, nitrogenous matter, mineral matters and miscellaneous. The retted fibres were tested for determination of molecular weight. The percentage loss of molecular weight was found to be more in case of chemically retted fibres owing to the enhanced digestibility of lignocellulosic material by 4% sodium chlorite solution. Contrary to this, biological retting showed higher molecular weight due to the presence of higher cellulosic matter and removal of pectic substabces.
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Fu, Yu, Hongmei Gu, H. Felix Wu, and Sheldon Q. Shi. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Bacterial and Thermochemical Retting of Hemp." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 4164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17164164.
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The processes of hemp bast fiber retting, forming, and drying offer the opportunity for value-added products such as natural fiber-reinforced composites. A new process for the retting of raw bast fibers through enzyme-triggered self-cultured bacterial retting was developed in the lab-scale setup. This study focused on comparing the energy consumption and environmental impacts of this bacterial retting process with the thermochemical retting process currently widely used to obtain lignocellulosic fibers for composites. The gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) models of the two retting processes were constructed to run a comparison analysis using the TRACI (the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts) method for environmental impacts and the cumulative energy demand (CED) method for energy consumptions. This work has demonstrated the advantages of the bacterial retting method from an environmental standpoint. The result of our research shows about a 24% gate-to-gate reduction in CED for bacterial retting and 20–25% lower environmental impacts relating to global warming, smog formation, acidification, carcinogenics, non-carcinogenics, respiratory effects, ecotoxicity, and fossil fuel depletion when compared to that of thermochemical retting.
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Md. Tahir, Paridah, Amel B. Ahmed, Syeed O. A. SaifulAzry, and Zakiah Ahmed. "Retting process of some bast plant fibers and its effect on fibre quality: A review." BioResources 6, no. 4 (2011): 5260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.5260-5281.
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Retting is the main challenge faced during the processing of bast plants for the production of long fibre. The traditional methods for separating the long bast fibres are by dew and water retting. Both methods require 14 to 28 days to degrade the pectic materials, hemicellulose, and lignin. Even though the fibres produced from water retting can be of high quality, the long duration and polluted water have made this method less attractive. A number of other alternative methods such as mechanical decortication, chemical, heat, and enzymatic treatments have been reported for this purpose with mixed findings. This paper reviews different types of retting processes used for bast plants such as hemp, jute, flax, and kenaf, with an emphasis on kenaf. Amongst the bast fibre crops, kenaf apparently has some advantages such as lower cost of production, higher fibre yields, and greater flexibility as an agricultural resource, over the other bast fibres. The fibres produced from kenaf using chemical retting processes are much cleaner but low in tensile strength. Enzymatic retting has apparent advantages over other retting processes by having significantly shorter retting time and acceptable quality fibres, but it is quite expensive.
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Ge, Jing Ping, Peng Fei Liu, Hong Zhi Ling, Bai Yan Cai, Gang Song, and Wen Xiang Ping. "Using Bacteria Addition and Reusing Retting Water Technologies to Accelerate Flax Degumming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.374.
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Two pectinase-producing strains, HDYM-01 and HDYM-02, were added into retting tanks to accelerate the water-retting of flax after they were amplified in liquid medium. The results show that the yields of fiber flax retted with bacteria addition are higher than the control, and the difference is significant with F test. When reusing the retting water to the next tank to perform the water-retting with bacteria addition, the yields of fiber flax are also higher and the difference is significant with F test. The retting time would be shortened for 24 hr and the flax strength is raised for 20-30 Newton (N) with bacteria addition method and reusing retting water method.
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Różańska, Wanda, Barbara Romanowska, and Szymon Rojewski. "The Quantity and Quality of Flax and Hemp Fibers Obtained Using the Osmotic, Water-, and Dew-Retting Processes." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237436.
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This study presents the quantity and quality of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers obtained depending on the fiber extraction method. The extraction methods used in this study were osmotic degumming, dew retting, and water retting. The degummed straw was analyzed for fiber content, while the metrological, chemical, and physical properties were determined for the fibers obtained. It was shown that these properties change based on the method of fiber extraction used. The highest fiber content in the straw was obtained using the osmotic degumming method. These fibers are characterized by a light color, no unpleasant odor, low linear mass, good tenacity, lowest hygroscopicity, and reduced flammability compared to fibers obtained via the dew and water retting of straw.
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Vijayaraghavan, Krishnan, and Dhas Nirmal Stephen. "Microbial Retting of Jute Bast Fibre Using Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 9, no. 2 (2012): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-2012-9_2_12.
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This article focusses on the microbial retting of jute bast fibres under aerobic condition using sequencing batch reactor. Retting operation was carried out for varying time period namely 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days respectively. The optimum retting period was judged based on the characteristics of the retted fibre with respect to fibre fineness, tenacity, modulus, strain at break and linear density. The morphological characteristic were visualized based on the scanning electron microscope image. As the retting period increased the fineness of the fibre improved; however based on the tenacity (0.468 N/tex) and modulus (50.23 N/tex) a 25-day retting period was found to be optimum in this present study. The predominant microbial species present in the jute retting liquor were found to be species of Bacillus, Clostridium, Aspergillus and Mucor. As the current method of retting operation was carried out under aerobic condition, the emission of green house gas doesn't arise. Moreover the wash water arising due to rinsing of retted fibre was recycled, thereby achieving a zero discharge concept.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retting method"
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Rettig, Hartmut Arnim [Verfasser]. "Methoden zur Synthese von definierten bioorganisch-synthetischen Blockcopolymeren / von Hartmut Arnim Rettig." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982242581/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Retting method"
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Patitz, Gabriele, Gabriele Grassegger, and Otto Wölbert, eds. Natursteinsanierung Stuttgart 2018. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783738800999.
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Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung und neue baustofftechnologische Entwicklungen aus der Nanotechnologie verändern auch die Instandsetzung von Natursteinbauwerken. Dank moderner Verfahren sind die täglichen Herausforderungen bei Bestandserfassung, Voruntersuchung, Planung und Ausführung immer besser zu meistern. Die Beiträge der 24. Fachtagung "Natursteinsanierung" befassen sich mit den neuen Methoden der Bauaufnahme und stellen zeitgemäße Qualitätsstandards zur Diskussion. Einblick in die neuesten Methoden der behutsamen Natursteininstandsetzung und -instandhaltung ermöglichen die Beiträge zu Sanierungsaufgaben am Xantener Dom, dem Steinernen Album in Großjena und der vom Krieg gezeichneten, inzwischen reparierten Sandsteinfassade eines Berliner Universitätsgebäudes. Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit erlaubt letztlich auch die Frage zu klären, wie historische Eisenbahnbrücken "noch zu retten sind".
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Han, Will. Beziehung Retten: 77% Erfolgsgarantie! Sie Wollen Ihn/Sie, Sie Kriegen Ihn/Sie! Mit Dieser Methode Verlieben Sich Bis Zu 87% der Partner Wieder! Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Retting method"
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SINGHAL, ANSHUL, AMY LANGHORST, MIHAELA BANU, and ALAN TAUB. "EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC RETTING CONDITIONS ON THE DIAMETER AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAX FIBERS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36478.
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The current industrial method of extracting natural plant fibers, originally intended for their textile use, can degrade the inherent mechanical properties, making them difficult to replace e-glass fibers for reinforcement in polymer composites. Microorganisms during the initial dew/field retting step of fiber extraction process not only degrades the fiber-stem interphase bond constituting primarily pectin and lignin, but also degrades the structural components of the fiber such as cellulose, resulting in non-uniform technical fibers with poor mechanical properties. Also, current single fiber testing standards used for mechanical properties characterization of these fibers are suitable for assessing homogenous and uniform fiber properties correctly, which is not the case in natural fibers. In this study, the flax stems were treated with Pectinase Ultra SPL enzyme targeted to degrade the pectin bonds between the fibers and plant stem, without affecting the structural component cellulose. In this study, the size of technical fibers hand extracted from dew and enzyme retted flax are compared. The hand extracted enzyme retted stem fibers showed more uniform, finer diameters resulting in better tensile properties when compared with dew/field retted stem fibers. The improved properties are related to the diameter effect in which as the area of these fibers is reduced, the reduction of defects during the fiber extraction.
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SINGHAL, ANSHUL, AMY LANGHORST, ANKUSH BANSAL, MIHAELA BANU, and ALAN TAUB. "OPTIMIZATION OF RETTING AND EXTRACTION THROUGH CONSTITUTIVE MATERIAL MODELLING OF PLANT STEMS FOR VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN EXTRACTED NATURAL FIBERS." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35867.
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Natural plant fibers compared to glass fibers can provide a cost effective, lightweight and carbon negative reinforcement for polymer composites. However, the current commercial fiber extraction process induces defects including middle lamellae weakening during retting and kink bands during mechanical working. This leads to high variability in mechanical properties, making these fibers less favorable for structural applications at industrial scale. The aim of current research is to reduce this variability by studying the underlying mechanisms of natural fiber extraction to minimize fiber damage occurring at various steps in the process. In this study, flax stems were retted using the conventional dew/field and lab scale controlled enzymatic retting. The hand decorticated fibers from both methods were compared and enzymatic retting showed promising results in producing fine and uniform fibers as compared to fibers extracted by dew retting. To establish the constitutive parameters of the fibers for Finite Element Modeling (FEM), single retted flax stems were compression tested using a Texture Analyzer. This data can serve as the basis for modeling the mechanical deformation of plant stems passing through breaking rollers which is the first step in extraction after retting. The goal is to optimize the roller design and process conditions required to extract fibers with minimal damage and variability.
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Imoisili, Patrick, Emeka Nwanna, George Enebe, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Investigation of the Acoustic Performance of Plantain (Musa Paradisiacal) Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Biocomposite." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94773.
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Abstract Sound is produced by the fluctuation of oscillation waves caused by variations in pressure in a medium containing various frequency ranges, which can be detected by either an animal or a human auditory apparatus and then transferred to the brain for analysis. Noise can be diminished and controlled by using absorptive materials. This is necessary because noise has a negative effect on public health, sharing of knowledge, and serenity, and it is getting worse every day as a result of urbanization and increased affiliated functions. Utilization of natural and synthetic reinforced polymer composites in noise pollution control is an emerging area of research. Natural fibers could potentially replace synthetic fibre reinforced composites due to their low impact on human health and environmental friendliness, according to research. Though academics have been excited about studying their mechanical features, little attention has been paid to quantifying their sound reduction behaviours. Natural fibers, when interacting with a variety of sound frequency and intensity, the varied structures of sound absorbing materials, such as porous structure, hollow structure, multi-dimensional size and length structure, or solid composite materials, having their own distinctive sound absorbing capabilities. This study aims to develop and examine the void content, impact, hardness and acoustic properties of a natural fibre reinforced biocomposites. Natural fibre was extracted from plantain (Musa paradisiacal) fibre (PF), using the water retting method. Extracted fibre wasd used to prepare a fibre reinforced biocomposite using an epoxy resin as the matrix. Biocomposite with 5, 10, 15 and 20 (Wt. %) PF content were fabricated. Impact, hardness and void content analysis was conducted on prepared biocomposite in triplicate. Surface morphology of the fracture surface of prepared biocomposite was examine using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Porosity and sound absorption coefficient properties of the fibre reinforced biocomposite were also investigated. Test analysis shows that impact, hardness and void content of the biocomposite, increases as PF content increases. Maximum hardness and impact strength were observed at 15 (w %). SEM analysis, shows the existence of cavities on the fracture surface, together with rough fibre surfaces that easily trap air, and this feature tends to boost the biocomposite’s sound absorption qualities.The sound absorption coefficient shows improvement as fibre volume increases in the bio composite. Results suggest that of PF reinforced biocomposites could be less costly, feasible and ecologically superior alternatives to synthetic fibre composites for acoustic applications in areas like building architecture and automotive industries.
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Imoisili, Patrick Ehi, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Effect of Physical Modification on the Tensile and Thermal Properties of Plantain Fibre Polymer Composite." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112942.
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Abstract In the electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves are electromagnetic waves with a frequency between radio and infrared. Certain materials are suited for microwave processing because they can transform microwaves into heat. Microwave energy is absorbed by the material and transformed into heat, in contrast to conventional heating where the heat is concentrated over the material’s surface rather than the core. The incorporation of fiber materials into polymer composites has shown enormous potential and has recently raised significant concerns due to the improved performance of these materials in manufacturing and critical applications. There are many different industrial uses for polymer composites packed with natural fiber (NF), and they are thermally stable at high temperatures. Ecologically suitable agricultural wastes NF as reinforcement have opened a new route into polymer composite research. According to research, physical modification methods have been found to reduce the inherent hydrophobicity of NF’s surface and can also improve the performance of a natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite (NFRPC). In this study, high-frequency microwave radiation (HFMW) applicability and suitability for modulating NF sourced from plantain (Musa paradisiaca) fiber (PF) and its impact on the thermal properties and tensile strength of the fibers reinforced polymer composite fibers was reported. PF was collected after harvesting the fruit bunch. NF was extracted from the pseudo-stem employing water retting over 28 days. Physical modification of extracted PF was employed using HFMW radiation at power different radiation watt power of 550 and 750 for a duration of 2 and 4 mins. The PF-reinforced polymer composite was fabricated by using extracted and microwave-modified PF. The composite was prepared by manually laying up and compression molding the microwave-modified and unmodified PF into an epoxy resin matrix. The effect of microwave radiation at different power and time on the PF modification with respect to the thermal properties of the fibers and tensile strength of the reinforced polymer composite were evaluated. The results obtained show that microwave irradiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHZ, 550W power, and treatment time of 4 minutes has successfully enhanced the properties of the PF-reinforced epoxy resin composite as increases in the thermal properties and tensile strength were achieved at optimized parameters. This study has demonstrated, that utilization of HFMW radiation is an effective physical treatment of plantain fibers at optimized microwave power and timing, thus, creating prospects and reliability of the fiber-reinforced bio-composite to be used in advanced materials, engineering, and structural applications.