Journal articles: 'Return on investment'

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Huang, Yin-Yin, I.-Fei Chen, Chien-Liang Chiu, and Ruey-Chyn Tsaur. "Adjustable Security Proportions in the Fuzzy Portfolio Selection under Guaranteed Return Rates." Mathematics 9, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9233026.

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Based on the concept of high returns as the preference to low returns, this study discusses the adjustable security proportion for excess investment and shortage investment based on the selected guaranteed return rates in a fuzzy environment, in which the return rates for selected securities are characterized by fuzzy variables. We suppose some securities are for excess investment because their return rates are higher than the guaranteed return rates, and the other securities whose return rates are lower than the guaranteed return rates are considered for shortage investment. Then, we solve the proposed expected fuzzy returns by the concept of possibility theory, where fuzzy returns are quantified by possibilistic mean and risks are measured by possibilistic variance, and then we use linear programming model to maximize the expected value of a portfolio’s return under investment risk constraints. Finally, we illustrate two numerical examples to show that the expected return rate under a lower guaranteed return rate is better than a higher guaranteed return rates in different levels of investment risks. In shortage investments, the investment proportion for the selected securities are almost zero under higher investment risks, whereas the portfolio is constructed from those securities in excess investments.

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Adilieme, Chibuikem, and Obinna Umeh. "Sensitivity of Real Estate Investment Return to Market Return Index: The Case of Nigerian Real Estate Investment Trusts." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0014.

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Abstract The level of sensitivity of every investment option to a market index is crucial to investors. Sensitivity analysis of individual or a set of returns on investments to market return index predicts the reaction of the investment(s) to changes in the market index; informs investors of prospective performance of different investments types; as well as assists the investors in making appropriate decisions on investment selections. This paper assessed how sensitive indirect real estate investments in Nigeria were to market index. The three companies whose asset returns were considered in this study were real estate investment trusts listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data used in this study were sourced from annual reports of the listed companies, and reports of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The beta coefficients were used to determine the sensitivity of the selected stocks to market return index. The study found a very low and insignificant beta coefficient among various real estate investments and market return index. Hence, there is no relationship between the market return index and the returns on the Real Estate Investment Trusts listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange.

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Ghosh, Sudipta. "Investment Return Trends of CPSEs in India: Empirical Evidence on Aggregation." TECHNO REVIEW Journal of Technology and Management 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/trjtm2022.v02.n02.002.

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Background: Investment return is used to determine the efficiency of an investment. The efficacy of diverse investments can be evaluated at a specific time. Thus, investment return is an endeavour to directly calculate the return of a specific investment in relation to its price. Objective: The study primarily aims to examine the investment return trends of the Indian CPSEs by investigating whether there is any deviation between actual values and estimated values of total returns on investment during 2010-11 to 2019-20. Methodology: The deviations between actual values and estimated values of aggregate returns on investment have been tested by Chi-square test. In this respect, the estimated values of aggregate returns on investment are captured by applying the technique of linear regression equation. Results: The findings of the study reveal mix trends in investment returns i.e., positive, negative and zero deviations. However, both positive and negative deviations are marginal during the study period. Conclusion: At aggregate level, no considerable deviations are observed among actual and estimated investment returns in terms of investment ratios selected in the study.

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Rofiq, Hanif Noer. "Perbandingan Return Investasi Surat Berharga Negara Ritel dan Return Investasi Saham IDX30 di Masa Pandemi." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 7, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v7i2.623.

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Investment is one way to keep our money so that it is not intrinsically reduced due to inflation. Many investment instruments range from gold, stocks, cryptocurrencies, and state securities. The current COVID-19 pandemic is an excellent opportunity to see which investment instruments can give a better return amid global economic uncertainty. In choosing investments, investors should not fear and follow the bias generated by other investors during the pandemic. Thus, this research was conducted to determine objectively which investment provides the highest return during the pandemic, between the low-risk investments represented by gold and SBN; and high-risk investments represented by IDX30. The results of this study indicate that within two years of the pandemic in Indonesia, IDX30 stock returns were higher than gold and SBN returns. This is in line with the concept of high-risk high return, where the risk of the stock is higher than the risk of the other two types of investments analyzed.

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Titman, Sheridan, K. C. John Wei, and Feixue Xie. "Capital Investments and Stock Returns." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39, no. 4 (December 2004): 677–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000003173.

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AbstractFirms that substantially increase capital investments subsequently achieve negative benchmark-adjusted returns. The negative abnormal capital investment/return relation is shown to be stronger for firms that have greater investment discretion, i.e., firms with higher cash flows and lower debt ratios, and is shown to be significant only in time periods when hostile takeovers were less prevalent. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that investors tend to underreact to the empire building implications of increased investment expenditures. Although firms that increase capital investments tend to have high past returns and often issue equity, the negative abnormal capital investment/return relation is independent of the previously documented long-term return reversal and secondary equity issue anomalies.

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Et.al, Dr A. Arunachala rajan. "Investors Preferences On Investment In Returns Basis." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 3099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1532.

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Investors always want to maximize their return on investments. Return may take several forms. Investors expect to receive interest on debentures and dividends on shares. It is essential for the investors to distinguish between realized return and expected return. Realised return means return that was earned or could have been earned. Expected return is the return from an asset that investors anticipate over a future period. So, expected return is a predicted return. It may or may not occur. An investor will be willing to make investment only if the expected return is adequate. But in reality investors do not realise the expected return always. This study is conducted to analyse the returns basis for investor’s preference on investment in Thoothukudi District

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Kinyua, Muthinga Linus, Mr James Muturi, and Dr Eddie Simiyu. "Investment Strategy and Financial Performance of Defined Contribution Pension Funds in Kenya." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5050.

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Pension funds are meant to enable pensioners to live quality life upon retirement by paying them retirement benefits. Financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya has continued to portray unimpressive trend despite positive targets set by the pension funds. Hence, the study examined the effect of investment strategy on financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. Systems theory view of pension funds, agency theory, portfolio theory and fisher’s theory of investment guided this study. Secondary data was used in the study. Correlational research design and positivism research philosophy were adopted by this study. The target population comprised of 1172 registered defined contribution pension funds in Kenya as of December 2018. A sample size of 289 defined contribution pension funds were involved in the study and were selected by applying stratified random sampling method. The study established that a positive association exists between investment strategy and financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. It concluded that investment strategy explained up to 57.76% of the variations in the return on investment. The regression analysis conducted found a significantly positive association between long term investments and return on investment. Medium term investments was also found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. There was also a significantly positive relationship between short term investments and return on investment. Alternative investments was found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. The coefficient of determination increased from 57.76% to 65.47% when density of contributions interacted with long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments and alternative investments. The study recommended long term investments as the most ideal investment option for defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to generate the highest return on investment. Medium term investments was recommended as the second best investment option to be embraced by defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to yield good returns as well, second to long term investments. The next investment priority should be given to the alternative investments since it had the third highest regression of coefficients. The least investment option to be undertaken by defined contribution pension funds should be short term investments. Keywords: Long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments, alternative investments, density of contribution, performance, defined contribution pension funds, Kenya.

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Roenganan, Sorrawee, Masnita Misran, and Nattakorn Phewchean. "A Study of Life Internal Rate of Return." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS 20 (April 2, 2021): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23206.2021.20.13.

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Life insurance, not included as a part of the legal obligation in some countries, is one of the investment approaches that might not stand high in the public favor for some people since this is a type of investments that the investor cannot know beforehand the exact return, and the returns completely depend on uncertainty of the policy specification in some circumstances. Similar to the other kinds of investment, investors in life insurance products have been seeking a tool for investment evaluation. However, currently there are no accurate tools that can provide the value of the investment in a life insurance product sensitive to the uncertainty. Internal rate of return is the basic tool that buyers or bankers may apply in order to find the rate of return of this type of investment. The investment decision tool is one of the most important keys that investors have utilized upon making their decisions on investments. Therefore, in this research, we propose a new mathematical model with applications for investment decision, being an extension of the internal rate of return by taking into account the life probability, considering different types of life insurance policies, and other factors specified on life insurance investments such as the premium, the death benefit, the maturity value, the sum insured, the lapse rate, the surrender value, the annuity certain, and the lapse rate with different genders and ages. This newly proposed model is named as the "Life Internal Rate of Return" or Life-IRR model. By using the sample data for both males and females aged 30 years old with expected benefit of 100,000 baht for different types of life insurance policies which are endowment plan, whole life plan and retirement plan, the results show that, for males, the highest life rate of returns is that obtained from the retirement plan (3.633692%), and the lowest life internal rates of returns is that obtained from the endowment plan (2.384443%), while the whole life plan offers moderate life rate of returns of 2.427941%. For females, the highest life rate of returns is that obtained from the retirement plan (3.335189%), and the lowest life internal rates of returns is that obtained from the whole life plan (2.104658%), while the endowment plan offers moderate life rate of returns of 2.308062%. The sensitivity analyses of the life internal rates of return perform the natural characteristics of life insurance.

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Bertelli, Anthony M., and Peter John. "Public Policy Investment: Risk and Return in British Politics." British Journal of Political Science 43, no. 4 (December 7, 2012): 741–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000567.

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This article sets out and tests a theory of public policy investment – how democratic governments seek to enhance their chances of re-election by managing a portfolio of policy priorities for the public, analogous to the relationship between investment manager and client. Governments choose policies that yield returns the public values; and rebalance their policy priorities later to adjust risk and stabilize return. Do the public reward returns to policy capital or punish risky policy investments? The article investigates whether returns to policy investment guide political management and statecraft. Time-series analyses of risk and return in Britain 1971–2000 reveal that risk and return on government policy portfolios predict election outcomes, and that returns, risk profiles and the uncertainty in public signals influence the prioritization of policies.

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Nwaeze, Emeka T. "Incentive Regulation, Investment Decisions, and Stock Returns." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 12, no. 4 (October 1997): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9701200403.

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This study investigates the return implications of investment decisions by firms that are subject to incentive regulation (IR). The analysis controls for the mediating effects of regulatory climate and firm size and allows for industry-wide effects by incorporating a control sample of traditional rate-of-return firms. It is shown that the information contents of unexpected capital expenditures and unexpected investment costs derived from the allowance for funds used during construction are positively related to incentive regulation. The results further reveal that differences in IR types are associated with differences in the information contents of unexpected investments. Furthermore, regulatory climate has positive effects on the association between returns and unexpected investments, whereas firm size has negative but weak effects on the association between returns and unexpected investments.

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11

VanderStoep, Scott. "Return on Investment." Eye on Psi Chi Magazine 13, no. 1 (2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/1092-0803.eye13.1.4.

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12

Erdogmus, H., J. Favaro, and W. Strigel. "Return on investment." IEEE Software 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2004.1293068.

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Halpern, Neil A., and David Shaz. "Return on Investment." Critical Care Medicine 42, no. 8 (August 2014): 1952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000000422.

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Nakamaru, Sarah. "Investment and Return." Journal of Research on Technology in Education 44, no. 4 (June 2011): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2012.10782591.

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15

Super, John. "Return on Investment." Adult Learning 4, no. 3 (January 1993): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104515959300400306.

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Tepas, Joseph J. "Return on investment." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 80, no. 5 (May 2016): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000001018.

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17

Diehl, Justin W., and Larry M. Wier. "Return on investment." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 2 (February 1991): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068pa42.

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Levin, Roger. "Return on investment." Journal of the American Dental Association 135, no. 2 (February 2004): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0155.

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Astrella, Julie A. "Return on Investment." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 47, no. 7/8 (2017): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nna.0000000000000499.

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20

Rutkauskas, Aleksandras Vytautas, and Viktorija Stasytytė. "Integrated Intellectual Investment Portfolio as an Efficient Instrument to Manage Personal Financial Investment." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15010030.

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The redistribution of resources in global stock markets is prevalent: the capital is transferred from one investor to another. Sometimes, earning a substantial return in the stock market seems complicated to implement for an individual investor. Investing contributes to the welfare of society and the wealth of citizens. This is why people should look for efficient ways to invest. Investment should become a natural part of personal finance management in the majority of households. For this reason, an investment model is developed where stocks are selected based only on market intelligence using historical data. The model helps find one or several stocks that generate the highest return on a separate step. Applying this model, experiments were performed with daily data from German, US, and UK stock markets. The possibility of obtaining higher than average returns in these markets has been noticed. In the German market, during the 97-day period, the authors obtained a 1.46 return, which implies a 2.31 annual return: in the USA market, a 2.37 return (7.93 annual return), and in the UK market, a 1.90 return (4.09 annual return). Thus, the proposed investment decision-making system could be an efficient tool for forming a sustainable individual or household portfolio. It can generate higher investment returns for an investor and, moreover, make the market more efficient by applying market intelligence and related historical data.

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Oleq Dyshin, Ibrahim Habibov, Sevda Aghammadova, Oleq Dyshin, Ibrahim Habibov, Sevda Aghammadova. "ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL INVESTMENTS OF AN OIL COMPANY BASED ON INDEPENDENT OPPORTUNITY INFORMATION." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 11, no. 03 (May 23, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm11032022-82.

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To solve the problem of investment allocation with optimization of the total level of return on investment for projects under conditions of risk associated with uncertainty of project income, a linear combination with non-negative coefficients of two loss-making models was used: the model of the usual minimax loss-making and the model of the minimax loss-making level. The problem of probabilistic programming obtained as a result of this combination, provided that the probabilistic variables characterizing the profitability of investments in projects are independent (unrelated), is reduced to a linear programming problem. The solution of this problem by the simplex method gives a vector of the equity distribution of investments that determine the total return of investments by the criterion of the minimum of the loss function. On the basis of the proposed approach to the optimal solution of the problem of investment allocation, an algorithm for project investment planning has been developed using a database of invested and returned funds for projects in previous planning periods, according to which distributions of possible investment returns are modeled. The numerical implementation of the algorithm is illustrated by the example of investment planning in an oil company for oil and gas production projects. Keywords: probability programming, investments, investment portfolio, minimax criterion, loss-making function, return on investment, income, concentrated distribution, probability distribution, measure of opportunity, measure of necessity, fractile model, probability variable, fuzzy variable membership function.

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Effiong, James Bassey, and Joseph U. Ogbuefi. "MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF RISK-RETURN IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA." EPH - International Journal of Business & Management Science 7, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v7i3.122.

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The study measures the risk-return performance of residential and commercial real estate investments in South-South, Nigeria from 2009 to 2018. The study adopted the survey research design and purposive sampling technique was used to select estate surveying and valuation firms. Data was analysed using mean total returns, standard deviation and analysis of variance. The test of the first hypothesis indicates that residential real estate investment in Port Harcourt has the highest mean total return and performed better than Calabar and Uyo and implies that total returns of residential real estate investments are significantly different in the study area. For commercial property, Uyo outperformed that of Calabar and Port Harcourt in terms of return. The second hypothesis results indicate that location of property is a significant determinant of risk. The result shows that the mean risk in Port Harcourt for residential real estate investment is significantly different from the risk in Calabar and Uyo. This implies that there is significant difference between risks of residential properties in the study area. For commercial property investment risk, the result shows the risks of investment in offices are higher than shops. For location, Uyo commercial properties produced the highest risk.

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Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Ludovic Phalippou, and Oliver Gottschalg. "Giants at the Gate: Investment Returns and Diseconomies of Scale in Private Equity." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 50, no. 3 (June 2015): 377–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109015000113.

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AbstractWe document the wide dispersion of private equity investment returns and examine performance determinants using a newly constructed database of 7,500 investments worldwide. One in 10 investments does not return any money, whereas 1 in 4 has an internal rate of return (IRR) above 50%. Quick flips are associated with the highest returns. Performance does not appear scalable: Investments held by private equity firms in periods with a high number of simultaneous investments underperform substantially. Results are consistent with the theoretical literature on organizational diseconomies linked to firm structure. Private equity firms’ actions do not appear to be mechanical or easily scalable.

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Magni, Carlo Alberto. "Aggregate Return On Investment for investments under uncertainty." International Journal of Production Economics 165 (July 2015): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.03.010.

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Taufani, Arifatul Laili, and Shinta Permata Sari. "Return Saham: Suatu Tinjauan dengan Arus Kas." Duconomics Sci-meet (Education & Economics Science Meet) 2 (July 26, 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/duconomics.v2.5904.

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Investors do their investment in a company to get a chance for optimum stock return. Therefore investors need to determine a company that has good value using the cash flow information. The stock return obtains the payment received for its ownership and changes in the market price divided by the initial market price. Investors are giving more attentionto the company that have the cash flows’ stability and the optimum return of their invesment. This stock return allows investors to compare the expected returns provided by various investments at the various rate of return. This study aims to examine the effect of cash flow on stock returns. The population of this study is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2020. The sample is obtained by the purposive sampling method with 109 companies that match with the criteria. The results show that operating cash flow affects stock returns, meanwhile investment cash flow and funding cash flow do not affect stock returns.

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Penman, Stephen H., and Xiao-Jun Zhang. "Accounting Conservatism, the Quality of Earnings, and Stock Returns." Accounting Review 77, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.2.237.

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When a firm practices conservative accounting, changes in the amount of its investments can affect the quality of its earnings. Growth in investment reduces reported earnings and creates reserves. Reducing investment releases those reserves, increasing earnings. If the change in investment is temporary, then current earnings is temporarily depressed or inflated, and thus is not a good indicator of future earnings. This study develops diagnostic measures of this joint effect of investment and conservative accounting. We find that these measures forecast differences in future return on net operating assets relative to current return on net operating assets. Moreover, these measures also forecast stock returns—indicating that investors do not appreciate how conservatism and changes in investment combine to raise questions about the quality of reported earnings.

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Daniluk, Katarzyna. "Profitability and Risk of Selected Forms of Investment on the Polish Capital Market." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2021-0014.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The subject of this study concerns profitability and risk of selected forms of investment on the Polish capital market. The aim of the study was to compare profitability and risk of active and passive investment portfolios. Materials and methods: The research material consisted of the rates of return on investments in the undervalued shares and growth shares included in the WIG-20 index and the results of the Lyxor WIG 20 UCITS ETF fund in 2014-2019. The study compares the rates of the return and standard deviations of returns of the portfolios managed actively and passively. Results: The analysis of the rates of return of the created investment portfolios indicates a higher profitability and a lower risk of the passive form of investment consisting in the purchase of an ETF fund. Among active strategies the growth investing strategy showed a higher profitability and a lower risk. Conclusions: Passive forms of investment are an effective alternative to active portfolio management.

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Walker, Douglas M., and Lonnie L. Bryant. "THE FINANCIAL RETURNS TO CASINO AMENITIES." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v5i1.565.

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Casinos offer an increasing array of amenities (e.g., hotels, restaurants, shows, shopping, and other entertainment). Yet, little information exists on the financial returns to various amenities. We utilize financial returns and casino company department revenue and expenditure data from 24 public casino firms over 23 quarters (2004.1-2009.3) to analyze the returns on investment from various casino amenities. Our findings indicate that investments in expanding casino space and hotels have negative returns; investment in food and beverage has a neutral impact; but investment in other types of entertainment has a positive return.

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Setianingsih, Ailia, Raden Irna Afriani, and Emil Dahlia Wiguna. "PENGARUH DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON INVESTMENT DAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM." Jurnal Revenue : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/rev.v1i2.29.

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Financial ratios provide information about a company's financial performance and are used as a basis for valuing company stocks that are able to provide high rates of return. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of debt to equy ratio on stock returns, the effect of return on investment on stock returns, whether dividend policy is able to moderate the relationship between debt to equity ratio on stock returns, and find out whether dividend policy is able to moderate the relationship between return on investment on stock returns This research uses quantitative methods. The research sample was taken from 8 property and real estate subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, using 8 purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study using secondary data using literature study and documentation. The results of the study are the debt to equity ratio does not significantly influence the stock return with tcount of 0.638 and ttable of 2.026 (0.638 <2.026) with a significance level of 0.528> 0.05. Return on investment does not significantly influence stock returns with a tcount of 1.827 and a table of 2.026 (1.827 <2.026) with a significance level of 0.076> 0.05. Dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of debt to equity ratio on stock returns. This is indicated by the Rsquare value of the interaction between dividend policy and debt to equity ratio, the results obtained by 0.074 with a significance value of 0.454> 0.05. Dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of return on investment on stock returns. This is indicated by the Rsquare value of the interaction between dividend policy and return on investment obtained a result of 0.177 with a significance value of 0.355> 0.05. The conclusion in this study is the debt to equity ratio and return on investment does not significantly influence stock returns and dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of debt to equity ratio and return on investment on stock returns. Keywords: Debt to Equity Ratio, Return On Investment, Dividend Policy, Stock Return

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Kazem Ebrahimi, Seyed, Ali Bahrami Nasab, and Mehdi Karim. "Evaluating the effect of accruals quality, investments anomaly and quality of risk on risk premium (return) of stock of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.01.

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Nowadays, reaching to economic goals in any society requires public participation, which is only the result of people participation. Investment in stock market is one of people participation methods. So, awareness from stock return and its affecting factors is one of anxieties of investors and owners of shares. In this research, authors evaluate the effective factors on stock return using Fama and French models. So, authors study the effect of some factors including accruals quality, anomalies of investments, size factor, market’s risk premium factor, and book equity to market equity factor, on stock’s risk premium which is representative of stock returns, in 70 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange from 20 March 2003 to 20 March 2014. Results showed that accruals quality and quality of risk have meaningful effect on risk premium, which is representative of stock returns. Results also show that investment anomaly has no meaningful effect on risk premium and, consequently, on stock returns. Keywords: accruals quality, investments anomaly, risk premium, return diversity, stock returns, quality of earnings, discretionary accruals, systematic risk. JEL Classification: M41, G12, G14

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Meng, Lingyan, and Dishi Zhu. "Application of Algorithms of Constrained Fuzzy Models in Economic Management." Complexity 2021 (April 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9912534.

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Stochasticity and ambiguity are two aspects of uncertainty in economic problems. In the case of investments in risky assets, this uncertainty is manifested in the uncertainty of future returns. On the contrary, the complexity of the economic phenomenon itself and the ambiguity inherent in human thinking and judgment are characterized by indistinct boundaries. For the same problem, research from different perspectives can often provide us with more comprehensive and systematic information. Currently, the expected value of return or the variance representing risk is still used as a rational investment criterion for both single-stage portfolios and multistage portfolios. However, in general, the greater the expected return of an investor, the greater the risk he should take. Different investors have different requirements for profitability, but regardless of their expected return, they always hope to find a set of portfolios that maximize the probability of achieving the expected rate of return. In this paper, after analyzing the development of portfolio investment theory research, we take fuzzy information processing as the entry point and systematically discuss the theory and methods of fuzzy modeling of portfolio investment decision-making from the perspective of fuzziness around the portfolio investment decision-making process. The results of the empirical analysis show that the existence of basis constraints affects investors’ investment strategies as well as their final returns, but there is a limit to the influence of basis constraints on portfolio performance, and investors can obtain optimal investment returns by selecting a reasonable number of securities to form a portfolio based on the characteristics of different securities.

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Moeini Najafabadi, Zahra, Mehdi Bijari, and Mehdi Khashei. "Making investment decisions in stock markets using a forecasting-Markowitz based decision-making approaches." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-12-2018-0217.

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Purpose This study aims to make investment decisions in stock markets using forecasting-Markowitz based decision-making approaches. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ approach offers the use of time series prediction methods including autoregressive, autoregressive moving average and artificial neural network, rather than calculating the expected rate of return based on distribution. Findings The results show that using time series prediction methods has a significant effect on improving investment decisions and the performance of the investments. Originality/value In this study, in contrast to previous studies, the alteration in the Markowitz model started with the investment expected rate of return. For this purpose, instead of considering the distribution of returns and determining the expected returns, time series prediction methods were used to calculate the future return of each asset. Then, the results of different time series methods replaced the expected returns in the Markowitz model. Finally, the overall performance of the method, as well as the performance of each of the prediction methods used, was examined in relation to nine stock market indices.

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Ghosh, Sudipta, and P. S. Aithal. "Impact Measurement of Investment Returns: A Case Study of Coal Industry in Indian CPSEs." Shanlax International Journal of Management 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v10i2.5240.

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Investment return may be defined as a recital gauge which is used to compute the effectiveness of an investment. In addition, it helps to assess the competency of dissimilar investments at a dot of occasion. Return on investment is an endeavour to straightforwardly calculate the income of a finicky investment in relative to the outlay of its investment. In this background, the present research paper is an attempt to study the impact of investment returns of coal industry in Indian CPSEs during 2010-11 to 2019-20. Overall, the coal industry has generated positive returns in terms of ROA, ROCE, and ROE. The sub-period analysis reveals that on the average, investment returns in terms of ROA and ROCE have decreased from 1st half to 2nd half, while investment returns in terms of ROE has improved from 1st half to 2nd half of the study. Moreover, all the investment ratios (except ROCE in the 2nd half) show relatively stable performance. Furthermore, 1st half shows better consistency in ROA and ROCE as compared to that in the 2nd half, while ROE marginally shows better consistency in the 2nd half as compared to that in the 1st half. The noteworthy positive impact in ROE implies that coal industry plays a crucial position in the monetary enlargement of the Indian economy. Hence, the Govt. must take essential steps earn more returns on investment and thus helps in the economic development of the country.

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Fogarty, James J. "Wine Investment and Portfolio Diversification Gains." Journal of Wine Economics 5, no. 1 (2010): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100001401.

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AbstractThe existing literature on the return to wine is mixed. Some studies have found wine to be an unattractive investment option and others have found wine to be an investment class that provides excess risk adjusted returns. However, provided the return to wine does not have a strong positive correlation with standard financial assets, even if the return to wine is low, it is possible that including wine in an investment portfolio will provide a diversification benefit. Here the repeat sales regression methodology is used to estimate the return to Australian wine, and the return is shown to be lower than for standard financial assets. Several measures are then used to show that despite the return to Australian wine being lower than the return to standard financial assets, wine does provide a modest diversification benefit. (JEL Classification: G11, G12)

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Soni, Hari Prasad, Chitta Shyamsuder, and KDV Prasad. "Risk return profile of commodity derivatives: an investors perception." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, no. 7 (July 25, 2023): 12004–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i7.2389.

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This article provides an overview of the literature on the commodity market, with a particular focus on the risk of commodity investment. The sources of return in the commodity market are examined, as well as the impact of various macroeconomic factors such as interest rates and inflation on the return. The commodity market is an increasingly popular investment opportunity for investors looking to diversify their portfolio. However, investing in commodities is not without risk. The volatility of commodity prices can lead to significant losses for investors, especially those who are not familiar with the market. One of the primary sources of return in the commodity market is through price appreciation. This is driven by supply and demand factors, such as changes in weather patterns, geopolitical events, and changes in consumer tastes. In addition, commodities can also generate returns through passive income, such as through rental income from real estate or dividends from stocks. Interest rates and inflation are two key macroeconomic factors that can have a significant impact on the return of commodity investments. Higher interest rates can lead to lower commodity prices, as investors seek out higher yield investments. Inflation can also impact the return of commodity investments, as it can lead to higher prices for raw materials and other inputs. For wheat, corn, and soybean futures, seasonality of return is an important consideration for investors. The prices of these commodities are often influenced by seasonal factors, such as weather patterns and harvest cycles. Understanding these seasonality patterns can help investors make more informed investment decisions. In conclusion, this study is mostly descriptive in nature, providing an overview of the literature on the commodity market and the risks associated with commodity investment. The impact of various macroeconomic factors, such as interest rates and inflation, on the return of commodity investments is also examined. Finally, the seasonality of return for wheat, corn, and soybean futures is discussed as an important consideration for investors.

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Sulaiman, Noor Adwa, Lee Kok Hing, Suhaily Shahimi, and Saliza Sulaiman. "THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DETERMINANTS ON MALAYSIAN REITS’ PERFORMANCE." Journal of Business Management and Accounting 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2023.13.1.1.

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Property investment in Malaysia has experienced tremendous growth and is considered one of the prime investments by investors due to its stable return growth over the years. This study examined the effects of six financial determinants (earnings per share, debts to assets, price-to-book value, dividend yield, market capitalisation, and return on equity) on the annual return of Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The common performance indicator of company can be seen in the percentage change in stock price plus when the dividend paid at the end of the year is used to measure the annual return performance of REITs. A total of 154 firm year observations for a sample of 14 Malaysian REIT companies were examined for a period of 11 years (2008-2018) from the Bloomberg terminal. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between earning per share, price-to-book value and dividend yield and REITs’ annual return. On the other hand, this study showed that there is no significant relationship between debts to assets and REITs’ annual return. The results also showed that market capitalisation and return on equity are negatively related to Malaysian REITs’ annual returns. Overall, the results highlighted two key features. First, earnings per share and return on equity should be used by investors and management to assess the profitability and operational efficiency of REITS. Second, the investors should use dividend yield as one of the key investment criteria when assessing REIT investment decisions. This study contributed to the literature in REITs by increasing the effects of the explanatory power of financial determinants on REITs’ annual returns.

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FEHR, DAVID, and GAAMAA HISHIGSUREN. "RAISING CAPITAL FOR MICROFINANCE: SOURCES OF FUNDING AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR EQUITY FINANCING." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 11, no. 02 (June 2006): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946706000301.

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On a worldwide basis, microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide financial services to the poorest households. To date, funding of MFI activities has come primarily from outright donor grants, government subsidies, and often debt capital, including debt with non-market terms favorable to the MFI. These traditional sources of MFI financing may not be sufficient to allow MFIs to provide maximum services. There is a subset of the pool of mainstream equity investors who would consider investing in MFI opportunities, even knowing that they would not expect to earn the full economic rate of return that such investments would otherwise require. However, as part of their investment evaluation process, these investors would ask: What would the market determined required expected rate of return for my MFI investment be? What return on investment (ROI) do I expect to earn on my MFI investment? Is the difference in the above two returns acceptable given my level of social motivation? How will I "monetize" my investment and when? The purpose of this article is to employ modern corporate finance techniques to address these questions.

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McNULTY, YVONNE M., and PHYLLIS THARENOU. "EXPATRIATE RETURN ON INVESTMENT." Academy of Management Proceedings 2004, no. 1 (August 2004): F1—F6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13863168.

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Rohs, Frederick R. "Return on Investment (ROI)." Journal of Leadership Education 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12806/v3/i1/c1.

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Laing, Catherine M., and Nancy J. Moules. "Social Return on Investment." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 47, no. 12 (December 2017): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nna.0000000000000557.

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Phillips, Jack J., and Patti P. Phillips. "Technology’s Return on Investment." Advances in Developing Human Resources 4, no. 4 (November 2002): 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152342202237526.

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Moonen, Jef. "Simplified Return-on-Investment." Interactive Learning Environments 11, no. 2 (August 2003): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/ilee.11.2.147.14135.

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Sageman, Marc. "Low Return on Investment." Terrorism and Political Violence 26, no. 4 (March 28, 2014): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.895655.

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Zon, Robin, and Ray Page. "When Investment Meets Return." Journal of Oncology Practice 14, no. 3 (March 2018): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2017.027060.

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Schifalacqua, Marita MacKinnon, Jeanie Mamula, and Alison Rich Mason. "Return on Investment Imperative." Nursing Administration Quarterly 35, no. 1 (2011): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/naq.0b013e318203227a.

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Stone, Patricia W. "Return-on-investment models." Applied Nursing Research 18, no. 3 (August 2005): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2005.05.003.

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Bilqis Khairun Nisa, Onoy Rohaeni, and Erwin Harahap. "Perbandingan Metode Mean-Semivariance dan Mean Absolute Deviation Untuk Menentukan Portfolio Optimal Menggunakan Python." Bandung Conference Series: Mathematics 3, no. 2 (August 4, 2023): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsm.v3i2.8549.

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Abstrak. Investasi merupakan kegiatan menanamkan modal dengan tujuan mendapatkan keuntungan. Salah satu investasi pada aset keuangan yaitu investasi saham. Saham merupakan investasi yang berisiko tinggi karena harga saham yang fluktuatif. Untuk menghindari risiko yang akan mempengaruhi return saat berinvestasi, maka perlu membentuk portofolio optimal. Portofolio optimal merupakan portofolio yang memberikan return maksimum dan memiliki risiko minimum. Pada penelitian ini dibahas mengenai pembentukan portofolio optimal dengan menggunakan metode Mean Semivariance dan Mean Absolute Deviation. Dari hasil perhitungan pada penelitian ini metode Mean Semivariance memperoleh return sebesar 0.0035% dan risiko sebesar 0.080518%. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode Mean Absolute Deviation diperoleh return sebesar 0.000273% dan risiko sebesar 0.022276%. Abstract. Investment is an investment activity with the aim of making a profit. One of the investments in financial assets is stock investment. Stocks are a high-risk investment because stock prices fluctuate. To avoid risks that will affect returns when investing, it is necessary to form an optimal portfolio. Optimal portfolio is a portfolio that provides maximum return and has minimum risk. This study discusses the formation of an optimal portfolio using the Mean Semivariance and Mean Absolute Deviation methods. From the calculation results in this study the Mean Semivariance method obtained a return of 0.0035% and a risk of 0.080518%. Meanwhile, using the Mean Absolute Deviation method, a return of 0.000273% and a risk of 0.022276% are obtained.

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Setianingsih, Ailia. "PENGARUH DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON INVESTMENT DAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM." Yudishtira Journal : Indonesian Journal of Finance and Strategy Inside 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/yud.v1i1.1.

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Financial ratios provide information about a company's financial performance and are used as a basis for valuing company stocks that are able to provide high rates of return. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of debt to equy ratio on stock returns, the effect of return on investment on stock returns, whether dividend policy is able to moderate the relationship between debt to equity ratio on stock returns, and find out whether dividend policy is able to moderate the relationship between return on investment on stock returns This research uses quantitative methods. The research sample was taken from 8 property and real estate subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, using 8 purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study using secondary data using literature study and documentation. The results of the study are the debt to equity ratio does not significantly influence the stock return with tcount of 0.638 and ttable of 2.026 (0.638 <2.026) with a significance level of 0.528> 0.05. Return on investment does not significantly influence stock returns with a tcount of 1.827 and a table of 2.026 (1.827 <2.026) with a significance level of 0.076> 0.05. Dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of debt to equity ratio on stock returns. This is indicated by the Rsquare value of the interaction between dividend policy and debt to equity ratio, the results obtained by 0.074 with a significance value of 0.454> 0.05. Dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of return on investment on stock returns. This is indicated by the Rsquare value of the interaction between dividend policy and return on investment obtained a result of 0.177 with a significance value of 0.355> 0.05.The conclusion in this study is the debt to equity ratio and return on investment does not significantly influence stock returns and dividend policy is not able to significantly moderate the effect of debt to equity ratio and return on investment on stock returns

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Chandra, Amitabh, Joanna P. MacEwan, Avrita Campinha-Bacote, and Zeba M. Khan. "Returns to Society from Investment in Cancer Research and Development." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2014-0022.

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Abstract Background: Since the start of the War on Cancer there have been enormous investments in improving oncology treatment. The return to society generated by this investment is unknown. We estimate the returns generated over the previous four decades and extrapolate future returns from current investment in cancer R&D. Methods: Using data on cancer incidence, mortality, and treatment-specific R&D expenditures from 1973 to 2010, we used regression models and two-sided significance tests to relate investment in cancer treatment R&D to cancer mortality, by tumor type. For investment, we used a measure of the knowledge stock generated by cancer treatment R&D expenditures over the previous 25 years to capture the cumulative benefits of past innovations and advances in treatment. Results: Investment of an additional $1 million in cervical, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer between 1973 and 1990 was associated with a cumulative return of more than $5 million from cancer R&D by 2010. Through 2010, investment in cancer R&D was associated with average benefits in excess of costs in all but two cancers, ovarian and pancreatic. Regarding future returns, we estimated that each additional $1 million invested in cancer treatment research and development in 2010 will produce over $28 million in value over the following 50 years. Conclusions: The return to society from spending on cancer treatment R&D is large, but varies across tumor types.

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Ankamah, Eric Fifi, and Joseph Yao Amoah. "Sustainable Knowledge Investment and Returns in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 3, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v3i1.67.

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This study measured the rate of returns for knowledge asset as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, (a human progress indicator) rather focuses on production and consumption of scarce tangible assets. Knowledge investment rate of return is beneficial, because, knowledge is a limitless intangible asset, growth enhancing and sustainable, thus, also averting the challenges of Knowledge Economy Index (KEI). Sustainable Knowledge Investment Returns can ensure quality higher education, improvement in scientific research and accelerate attainment or consolidation of achieved Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in a poor country like Ghana. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, data from 2009 to 2015 was used. In 2009, a rate of return of approximately 54% was obtained through the production function method. The financial method was used to calculate the remaining mean rates of approximately 36% for 2010 and 2011, negative 18% for 2012 and 2013 and approximately 59% for 2014 and 2015. Fluctuation in investment returns were accounted for by investments, incentives and schemes that foster demand for knowledge (IP patenting etc). Establishment and or operationalisation of Knowledge Production Fund and its open competitive access were recommended for sustaining higher knowledge investment and returns.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Return on investment'

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