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Sowa, Victor. "Men and Women’s Return to Cognitive Skills. : Evidence from PIAAC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227789.
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Do men and women receive different pay-offs, in terms of wage, from cognitive skills in the Swedish labor market? To answer this, the classical Mincer equation is expanded with a variable for cognitive skills (literacy and numeracy) and an interaction term between being a male and cognitive skills to be able to distinguish the actual difference in pay-off. I use data from OECD’s PIAAC survey of adult skills, which provides a unique opportunity to examine gender pay-off differences concerning cognitive skills. The results show that men have a larger pay-off than women once occupation is sufficiently controlled for
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Abbas, Iesrafeel. "Exploring the experiences and perceptions of individuals with schizophrenia about the use of the model of occupational self-efficacy in enhancing work skills." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6525.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScGlobally, high unemployment rates exist amongst individuals with schizophrenia. Evidence suggests that these individuals have a desire to return to work (RTW), however, they experience difficulty in finding as well as sustaining employment. Work plays a pivotal role in the functioning of individuals with schizophrenia and has a substantial positive influence on their quality of life (QOL). Several studies recommend supported employment as a practice aimed at improving rates of competitive employment for individuals with schizophrenia. The current study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of individuals, with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, about the use of the Model of Occupational Self-Efficacy (MOOSE) as a supported employment strategy in enhancing the work skills and facilitating RTW in the open labour market. A qualitative research design was utilised to explore these experiences and perceptions from nine participants. Additionally, one occupational therapist and one occupational therapy technician were selected and participated as key informants of the study. Participants were selected through the use of purposive sampling. Written informed consent was received from the participants, and their confidentiality was upheld throughout the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions were anal
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Kraft, Jakob. "ROI - Effekten av kompetensutveckling inom IT-området : ." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6636.
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Syfte: Det är idag få större investeringar som företag gör utan att göra någon form av investeringskalkylering. Därför är det ett problem att det idag inte finns något enkelt sätt att kalkylera på en investering i kompetensutveckling inom IT-området. Studien undersöker därför: Om det på ett trovärdigt sätt är möjligt att mäta ROI (Return on Investment) på en sådan investering? Hur en sådan mätning genomförs? Är det i så fall möjligt standardisera sättet att mäta? Förutom ROI beräknas återbetalningstiden (Pay-Back) för respektive grupp: IT-användare, IT-tekniker samt systemutvecklare. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en kvantitativ studie (webbenkätundersökning). ROI har beräknats och övriga svar verbalt diskuterats. Data har även presenterats i diagramform. Resultat & slutsats: ROI är möjligt att beräkna för denna typ av investeringar och för tidsperioden ett år beräknats ROI baserat på medelvärdet till 87 % för IT-användare, 67 % för systemutvecklare och 41 % för IT-tekniker. Detta motsvarar en genomsnittlig återbetalningstid på 0,53 år för IT-användare, 0,60 år för systemutvecklare och 0,71 år för IT-tekniker. Spridningen i ROI och återbetalningstid för olika grupperna beror på skillnader i enkätsvar samt skillnad i investeringsstorlek. Om ROI beräknas på medianen istället för medelvärdet blir ROI lägre. Det finns osäkerhetsfaktorer som inte går att ta hänsyn till i denna typ av generella beräkningar. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Upprepning av studien samt en jämförande studie där datainsamling sker på annat sätt skulle vara intressant. Denna studie har endast samlat in data på ett sätt. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen bör vara intressant för organisationer som arbetar med kompetensutveckling samt enskilda individer.Aim: There are currently few investments that firms do without making any investment calculation. Det därför är ett problem att det idag inte finns något enkelt sätt att kalkylera på en investering i kompetensutveckling inom IT-området . It’s therefore a problem that there is no simple way to calculate on an investment in skills development in the IT field. Studien undersöker därför: The study is examining if: There is a credible way to measure ROI (Return on Investment) on such an investment? How is it done? Is it possible to standardize the way to measure? In addition to ROI estimated Pay-Back are calculated for each group: IT-users, IT-professionals and system developers. Method: The study was conducted as a quantitative study (web survey). ROI was calculated, and other verbal responses discussed. Data are also presented in graph form. Result & Conclusions: ROI is possible to calculate for this type of investment and for the time period of one year ROI is calculated to 87% of IT users, 67% for system designers and 41% of IT professionals. The Pay-Back time is calculated to 0,53 years for IT users, 0,60 years for system designers and 0,71 years for IT professionals. The difference of ROI and Pay-Back for different groups is due to differences in survey responses and the difference in investment size. If ROI is calculated on the median instead of average ROI is lower. There are uncertainties that can not be taken into account in this type of general computing. Suggestions for future research: Repetition of the study together with a comparative study with data collection by other means. Denna studie har endast samlat in data på ett sätt. Contribution of the thesis: The essay should be interesting for organizations working on skills development.
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Burbienė, Kristina. "Afazijos ištiktų žmonių rašomosios kalbos grįžimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100906_111149-47280.
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Bakalauro darbe analizuojama afazijų ištiktų žmonių rašymo grįžimo dinamika. Suformuota hipotezė, kad gebėjimą rašyti padeda grąžinti ankstyvos rašymo pratybos.
Tirti afazijų ištikti VšĮ Šiaulių apskrities ligoninės ir VšĮ Klaipėdos ligoninės pacientai, patyrę galvos smegenų insultą ar po galvos smegenų naviko šalinimo operacijos.
Atvejo analizės metodu išsiaiškinta, kaip kinta paciento rašymo įgūdžiai nuo reabilitacijos pradžios iki reabilitacijai skirto laiko pabaigos.
Tyrimo metu identifikuotas rašymo sutrikimų pobūdis esant įvairioms afazijoms ir iškeltas tikslas, išsiaiškinti rašomosios kalbos grąžinimo ypatumus skirtingų afazijų atvejais.
Norint įvykdyti numatytą tikslą, buvo išsikelti šie uždaviniai:
• Išanalizuoti medicininę, pedagoginę, psichologinę literatūrą nagrinėjamu klausimu.
• Identifikuoti rašymo sutrikimų pobūdį esant įvairioms afazijoms.
• Atskleisti asmenų, praradusių gebėjimą kalbėti, rašymo kaitą nuo reabilitacijos pradžios iki reabilitacijai skirto laiko pabaigos.
Išaiškėjo, kad rašymo sutrikimų pobūdis priklauso nuo afazijų rūšies. Tiriamųjų rašomosios kalbos grįžimas vyko individualiai, priklausomai nuo afazijų pobūdžio, formos, laipsnio, įtakos turėjo tiriamojo amžius, išsimokslinimas, lytis bei asmeninės žmogaus savybės.
Atliktas tyrimas parodė, jog reabilitacijos pradžioje dauguma pacientų negebėjo savarankiškai rašyti ir tik iš dalies nurašinėjo pateiktus žodžius. Reabilitacijos pabaigoje tiriamieji aktyviai pradėjo nurašinėti, o dalis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]There is an analysis result of the return of writing skill in Aphasia in this Bachelor Final Work. The hypothesis says: early writing practice determinate faster return of writing skills. For the analysis there were examined patients with traumatic brains injuries and patients who had brain tumor operations in Šiauliai Country Hospital and Klaipėda Hospital. To find out how is changing patients writing skills in the beginning and the end of rehabilitation there was used a case study method. The analysis showed character of writing problems in different kinds of Aphasia. The mane goal of the analysis was to find out particularity of return of writing skills in the case of different kinds of Aphasia. To answer the mane goal there were formed there tasks: • Make an analysis of medical, pedagogical, psychological literature. • Indent the nature of writing skills in different kinds of Aphasia. • Reveal dynamics of writing skills in the beginning and in the end of rehabilitation for the patients who lost their speaking skills. The analysis showed that the nature of writing skills depends of the kind of Aphasia. The return of writing skills was individual, depended on the kind, form and grad of Aphasia. Age, education, sex and personal characteristics had also impact the return of writing skills. This investigation helped to find out that in the beginning of rehabilitation many patients could not write by themselves and partly could rewrite the words. In the end of... [to full text]
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Esser, Ted H. "The Impact of Prolonged Participation in a Pro-Social Cognitive Behavioral Skills Program on Elementary Age Students, with Behavior Related Disorders, Behavior Accelerative, Behavior Reductive, and Return to Regular Classroom Outcomes." University of Nebraska at Omaha, 2013.
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The Impact of Prolonged Participation in a Pro-Social Cognitive Behavioral Skills Program on Elementary Age Students, with Behavior Related Disorders, Behavior Accelerative, Behavior Reductive, and Return to Regular Classroom Outcomes
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Fornwall, Anna, and Emma Paulsson. "Har du vad som krävs? : En jämförande studie av färdigheters betydelse för löner och sysselsättning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316494.
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I denna undersökning studeras betydelsen av färdigheterna läskunnighet, räknefärdighet och problemlösning på sysselsättning och lönenivå. Undersökningen fokuserar främst på att studera om färdigheterna hos kvinnor och utrikes födda har annorlunda påverkan än för befolkningen i helhet. Studien jämför resultaten mellan Sverige och Tyskland. Metoden som används är linjär multipel regressionsanalys med minsta kvadratmetoden. Resultaten visar att en individs färdigheter har större betydelse för var i lönefördelningen hen befinner sig än om hen är sysselsatt eller inte. Effekterna på lön är genomgående positiva för båda länderna, men större för Tyskland än för Sverige – vilket indikerar att avkastningen på färdigheter är större i Tyskland. Resultaten visar vidare att kvinnor har lägre löner än män i både Sverige och Tyskland, men skillnaderna är genomgående större i Sverige. Det finns även vissa indikationer på att utrikes födda har det något svårare att komma in på den svenska än den tyska arbetsmarknaden.This study analyses the importance of the skills literacy, numeracy and problem solving on employment and earnings. The main focus of this study is particularly if the effects of skills within the groups ‘women’ and ‘foreign born’ differ from the population as a whole. The study compares the results between Sweden and Germany. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis using ordinary least squares. The results show that skills have a greater importance for an individuals placing in the wage distribution than for whether the individual is employed or not. The effects on wages are all through positive for both countries, but greater for Germany than Sweden – indicating that the return to skills is higher in Germany. The results further show that women’s wages are lower than men’s in both Sweden and Germany, but the gaps are larger in Sweden. There is also some evidence that foreign-born individuals have a harder time entering the Swedish labour market than the German.
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Haynes, Marie Ellen. "Urban college graduates their investments in and returns for strong quantitative skills, social capital skills, and soft skills /." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1274706759.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2010.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 3, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-178). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Garrouste, Christelle. "Determinants and Consequences of Language-in-Education Policies : Essays in Economics of Education." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7198.
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This thesis consists of three empirical studies. The first study, Rationales to Language-in-Education Policies in Postcolonial Africa: Towards a Holistic Approach, considers two issues. First, it explores the factors affecting the choice of an LiE policy in 35 African countries. The results show that the countries adopting a unilingual education system put different weights on the influential parameters than countries adopting a bilingual education system. Second, the study investigates how decision makers can ensure the optimal choice of language(s) of instruction by developing a non-cooperative game theoretic model with network externalities. The model shows that it is never optimal for two countries to become bilingual, or for the majority linguistic group to learn the language of the minority group, unless there is minimum cooperation to ensure an equitable redistribution of payoffs. The second study, The Role of Language in Learning Achievement: A Namibian Case Study, investigates the role played by home language and language proficiency on SACMEQ II mathematics scores of Namibian Grade-6 learners. HLM is used to partition the total variance in mathematics achievement into its within- and between-school components. Results show that although home language plays a limited role in explaining within- and between-school variations in mathematics achievement, language proficiency (proxied by reading scores) plays a significant role in the heterogeneity of results. Finally, the third study, Language Skills and Economic Returns, investigates the economic returns to language skills, assuming that language competencies constitute key components of human capital. It presents results from eight IALS countries. The study finds that in each country, skills in a second language are a significant factor that constrains wage opportunities positively.
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Nguyen, Quy Khanh. "Vietnamese return skilled migrants and their reintegration in Vietnam /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18234.pdf.
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Breslow, Jonah F. "Salary Inequality in the NBA: Changing Returns to Skill or Wider Skill Distributions?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1645.
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In this paper, I examine trends in salary inequality from the 1985-86 NBA season to the 2015-16 NBA season. Income and wealth inequality have been extremely important issues recently, which motivated me to analyze inequality in the NBA. I investigated if salary inequality trends in the NBA can be explained by either returns to skill or widening skill distributions. I used Pareto exponents to measure inequality levels and tested to see if the levels changed over the sample. Then, I estimated league-wide returns to skill. I found that returns to skill have not significantly changed, but variance in skill has increased. This result explained some of the variation in salary distributions. This could potentially influence future Collective Bargaining Agreements insofar as it provides an explanation for widening NBA salary distributions as opposed to a judgment whether greater levels of inequality is either good or bad for the NBA.
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Aldrich, Matthew Kevin. "Returns to education and skills in the UK for the 1970 cohort." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/34232/.
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Craske, Michelle Genevieve. "The role of autonomic arousal and of perceived skill in return of fear." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25560.
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The hypothesis that high heart rate and low perceived skill would be associated with greater return of fear than low heart rate and high perceived skill was investigated in a group of anxious musical performers (N=63) in response to an anxiety-reduction training program. Musicians were taught progressive muscle relaxation and attention-focusing skills over the course of four weekly meetings. Return of subjective fear was assessed between training program sessions and at a three-month followup assessment.
The three major fear response systems were measured at pre, post and followup assessments and throughout the three training program sessions that included behavioural rehearsal. Subjects (pianists, violinists and vocalists) performed a short piece before an audience (at assessments) or before their fellow group members. Performance quality ratings by independent musicians served as the behavioural measure, anticipatory heart rate as the physiological measure, and subjective units of distress scales as the subjective measure. In addition, subjects completed memory questionnaires, designed to assess their recall of the setting and their response to previous performances, and thought questionnaires, to provide data pertinent to processes hypothesised to underlie return of fear.
Four classification groups (high heart rate, low perceived skill; high heart rate, high perceived skill; low heart rate, low perceived skill; and low heart rate, high perceived skill) were formed on the basis of median splits of heart rate and perceived skill pre-assessment levels. At post-assessment, each group demonstrated fear reduction, heart rate reduced in high-heart-rate subjects, and performance quality improved overall. Followup return of fear was evident in high-heart-rate subjects regardless of initial perceived skill status, and was not dependent on initial fear levels. Perceived skill was not associated with return of fear. High-heart-rate subjects also overestimated their level of fear for previous performances, and reported more anxious thoughts and thought resensitization between performances. High non-performance heart rate was associated with greater return of fear only in extreme group analyses.
Post-hoc analyses compared subjects who did (n=24) and did not (n=25) display followup return of fear. Return-of-fear subjects, in general, had higher heart rates and lower perceived skill than no-return-of-fear subjects, and tended to report thought resensitization between post and followup assessment. In addition, return-of-fear subjects were generally less skilled and performed on fewer occasions over the followup interval. The assessment of between-session return of fear was limited by design faults.
The results were consistent with a dishabituation model of return of fear. They also lent support to Wagner's consolidation model in which an alteration of stimulus representations between exposures is believed to producedishabituation. The findings did not support the hypothesis that lack of consolidation may also arise from failure to attend to contextual cues, and hence, impaired retrieval of stimulus representations. Similarities of the data to Bower's description of mood-dependent cognitions were noted. It was suggested that salient internal autonomic cues during mood-congruent states facilitated overestimation of previous fear, expectation of distress and return of fear. Finally, research possibilities and treatment implications were considered.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Nzima, Divane. "The 'failure-success' dichotomy in migration discourse and practice : revisiting reverse migration deterrents for South Africa based Zimbabwean skilled migrants." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5434.
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The study was conceptualised against the background that leading migration theories explain return migration based on failure and success alone. The neo-classical economics theory of migration perceives return migration as a by-product of a failed migration experience while the new economics of labour migration perceives return as occurring after successful achievement of migration objectives. This study questions these theoretical positions through an exploration of the factors that deter South Africa-based Zimbabwean skilled migrants from returning home permanently notwithstanding a successful or failed migration experience. Furtive economic factors in Zimbabwe and South Africa that dissuade skilled migrants from returning home permanently are explored. Social factors in Zimbabwe and in South Africa that influence return migration decision making are also examined. Furthermore, the study analysed whether and how Zimbabwean skilled migrants are forced into a permanent settlement in South Africa as a result of what this study calls the ‘diaspora trap’. This ‘diaspora trap’ framework argues that Zimbabwean skilled migrants in South Africa do not return following their experiences of failure and success in South Africa. Central to the absence of return is the social construction of migrants as successful in Zimbabwe. Skilled migrants are deterred from returning due to their failure to meet family and communal expectations of success. In addition, return migration is deferred as a means to hide poverty in South Africa. Moreover, new diaspora family ties weaken attachments with Zimbabwe and contribute to deferred return migration. Skilled migrants are thus entrapped in South Africa by their failure to live up to the success social construct and the inability to mitigate adversities in the host country.
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Johansson, Tom-Filip, and Tommi Määttä. "Abnormal Returns of Swedish Equity Funds : Are Managers Skilled or Lucky?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56783.
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The fund market has grown substantially during the past decades and the majority of Swedish citizens are invested in funds directly or through pension savings. There is mixed evidence on the performance of Swedish equity funds depending on the method employed and the time period studied. In this study, we set out to estimate abnormal performance using acknowledged methods during a time-period that is both longer and more recent than previous studies. Our sample is survivorship-free and consists of 150 mutual equity funds during January 1993 to December 2011. We use a four-factor model to estimate abnormal performance compared to an index and additional risk factors. We find that the average performance is neutral net of costs and that funds outperform with 1.7 percent before costs, the difference is approximately the average management fee. Over time, we find that the average abnormal performance and the share of funds that have significant outperformance have decreased while the share of significant underperformance has increased. Since the study of fund performance started in the 1960's the twin questions has been; does funds outperform the market and is this a result of pure chance or are managers skilled? Since we observe funds with significant positive and negative abnormal performance, we want to know if the results can attributed to luck or skill. We employ the latest technique, a bootstrap simulation, to test for skill or luck. This is the first study to employ the bootstrap to distinguish skill from luck in sample of Swedish funds. By ranking funds on performance after costs, we find that the performance of the majority of funds can be attributed to skill or "bad skill". The evidence is strongest in the top 95th percentile and above, and from the bottom 50th percentile and below.
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Arhin-Sam, Kwaku [Verfasser]. "Return Migration, Reintegration and Sense of Belonging : The Case of Skilled Ghanaian Returnees / Kwaku Arhin-Sam." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192103815/34.
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Nordahl, Birgitta. "Return to elite alpine sports activity after an anterior cruciate ligament injury : Ski high school students' experiences." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12448.
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Gungor, Nil Demet. "Brain Drain From Turkey: An Empirical Investigation Of The Determinants Of Skilled Migration And Student Non-return." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605063/index.pdf.
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This study deals with skilled migration from a developing country perspective. The migration of skilled individuals from developing countries to developed countries is often viewed as a costly subsidy from the poor nations to the rich, and a threat to their economic development. The first part of the study brings up to date both the theoretical and the policy debate on the impact of skilled migration on the sending economies. The second purpose of the study is to take a closer look at the motivations for skilled emigration from Turkey.
The emigration of skilled individuals from Turkey has attracted greater attention in recent years, particularly after the experience of back to back economic crises that have led to increased unemployment among the highly educated young. A survey study was undertaken during the first half of 2002 in order to collect information on various characteristics of Turkish professionals and Turkish students residing abroad. Over 2000 responses were received from the targeted populations. The information from this survey was then used to determine the empirical importance of various factors on return intentions by estimating ordered probit models for the two samples.
In the migration literature, wage differentials are often cited as an important factor explaining skilled migration. The findings of the study suggest, however, that other factors are also important in explaining the non-return of Turkish professionals. Economic instability in Turkey is found to be an important push factor, while work experience in Turkey also increases non-return. In the student sample, higher salaries offered in the host country and lifestyle preferences, including a more organized and ordered environment in their current country of study increase the probability of not returning. For both groups, the analysis also points to the importance of prior intentions and the role of the family in the decision to return to Turkey or stay overseas.
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Dahmann, Sarah Christina [Verfasser]. "Human Capital Returns to Education : Three Essays on the Causal Effects of Schooling on Skills and Health / Sarah Christina Dahmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123572208/34.
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Vijh, Rajneesh. "Return of high skilled migrants : an empirical investigation into the knowledge transfer process of two organizations in New Delhi, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f119a72-7463-4121-90dd-f5a3b3b08d8e.
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Against the backdrop of the brain drain-brain gain debate, this thesis explores certain facets of the return migration phenomenon. Drawing on several theories, the decision to return among high skilled migrants is likely to be influenced by the prospect of using their overseas-acquired knowledge to secure a better livelihood back home. While ample consideration is given to motivations to return, the choice of employer and issues adjusting to the work and social surroundings, the main objective of the research is to understand migrants' transfer of overseas-acquired knowledge upon their return to India. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the topic, the scope of the thesis is focused on returnees working in two organizations in New Delhi—Fortis Escorts Hospital and Research Centre (EHIRC) and Tata Consultancy Services' Government Industry Solutions Unit (GISU). Adopting a mixed methods approach, survey data and case interviews are analyzed to address the core research question: “How and in which ways do returnees transfer their newly acquired knowledge, skills and experiences in employing organizations?” A key hypothesis is that returnees' social ties affect the extent and nature of knowledge transfers and thus confer intended benefits and may lead to unintended consequences for their organizations. The analyses pit McPherson's (2001) principle of homophily in social networks against Granovetter's (1973) weak ties hypothesis to grasp the role of returnees in knowledge transfers within EHIRC and GISU. Results drawn from data collected on returnees, non-migrants and transnationals strongly confirm that social ties—strong, intermediate or weak—affect the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders in their organizations. The contribution of this thesis to the existing body of research is to shed light on both the potential and limitations of returnees as a conduit for transferring knowledge, upgrading skills and relaying insights to non-migrants, teams or units in the workplace.
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Siarov, Liuben [Verfasser]. "The Economics of Lifelong Learning and Skill Formation Risk, Return and Individual Choice / Liuben Siarov. Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035269287/34.
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Robinson, Karryn B. "Perspectives of highly skilled migrants on return migration: A qualitative case study of Zimbabwean lecturers in the Western Cape of South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7836.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Brain drain has been labelled as one of the greatest development challenges facing African countries as it challenges capacity building, retention of skilled workers and sustained growth. Over the past two decades, a large number of Zimbabwean academics have left the country in search of economic opportunity and further academic training. This out-movement of academics has been exacerbated by political crisis and economic crisis in the country over the same period. Although some studies have sought to explain the causes, consequences and recommended policy responses to this human capital flight, they have not been able to critically assess, from the perspective of the emigrated academics, the conditions that would make them repatriate, their willingness to return to their home country and contribute to training, research and development; or their disposition towards engaging with Zimbabwean universities.
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Rodarte, Daniel. "Succession Planning Strategies in the Air National Guard to Retain Skilled Workers." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10271096.
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The military faces unprecedented limitation of resources due to fiscal cuts through all branches of service. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore succession planning (SP) strategies used by Air National Guard leaders to retain skilled workers. The target population consisted of 5 leaders of the Washington Air National Guard (ANG) with a minimum of 5 years of experience in the ANG. The five tenured candidates were selected given proven leadership performance, ability to influence the organization, and they provided institutional knowledge and corporate insight of SP efforts spanning nearly a century. Additionally, these leaders had direct first-hand experience with local selective retention process and successful force management practices. The conceptual framework included organizational leadership theory, succession theory, and employee retention. Semistructured interviews were conducted and relevant documents collected. All interpretations from the data were subjected to member checking to ensure trustworthiness of findings. Coding, clustering, and thematic analysis were methods used for data analysis. Prominent ideas and actions taken were coded, common codes were clustered and themes evolved. Based on the methodological triangulation of data, 5 themes surfaced: (a) skills focus verses strategic, (b) informal verses formal SP, (c) individual verses organizational, (d) priority for retention verses recruitment, and (e) limited skill leads to mission gaps. The application of the findings from the study may contribute to social change by inspiring military leadership to adopt more strategic succession planning and ensure business sustainability by changing existing SP from a recruitment-based technique to culture of retention.
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Djuikom, Marie Albertine. "Three essays on the Return on investment in human capital of skilled immigrants in Quebec and internal labor migration in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33994.
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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à la migration interne et internationale. Dans un premier temps, je m’intéresse à l’intégration professionnelle des immigrants de la catégorie des travailleurs qualifiés au Québec. Le Québec comme la plupart des autres provinces du Canada, sélectionnent leurs immigrants sur la base de caractéristiques particulières telles que le niveau d’éducation, l’expérience professionnelle, les compétences en français et ou en anglais. Ces compétences devraient faciliter l’insertion professionnelle de ces immigrants et il est donc surprenant de voir que près de la moitié d’entre eux retournent aux études une fois arrivés au Québec afin d’obtenir un diplôme universitaire ou collégial. De ce fait, les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse s’attèlent à comprendre pourquoi ces immigrants, malgré une telle dotation en capital humain à l’entrée du marché du travail Québécois, décident de retourner aux études et quels sont les effets de cet investissement en éducation tout d’abord sur les fréquences d’emplois et les durées en emploi et ensuite, sur le profil de revenus. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse s’intéresse à la participation à la migration interne en Ouganda et l’effet de cette participation sur la productivité agricole des ménages vivant en milieu rural. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’effet dynamique de la formation post-migratoire sur l’offre de travail des immigrants. A cet effet, je fais la distinction entre un emploi qualifié et un emploi non qualifié. Ici, un emploi qualifié est celui-là qui correspond au plus haut diplôme obtenu par l’immigrant à l’entrée. J’utilise un modèle de durée à plusieurs états et à plusieurs épisodes qui permet de tenir compte de l’hétérogénéité observable et inobservable entre les individus. Le principal résultat révèle que les immigrants originaires de pays riches n’ont pas besoin d’investir davantage dans l’éducation Québécoise. En revanche, les immigrants originaires de pays pauvres quant à eux, bien que hautement qualifiés, bénéficient largement d’une telle formation à long terme car cela facilite leur transition vers des emplois qualifiés et non qualifiés et hors du chômage. Mes résultats indiquent également que la sélection dans l’éducation doit être prise en compte afin d’éviter des problèmes de sélection significatifs. À la différence du premier où on suppose que l’effet causal de la formation est le même pour chaque individu, le deuxième chapitre quant à lui s’intéresse à l’hétérogénéité de l’effet causal de la formation sur les revenus. Autrement dit, pour chaque individu il est possible d’estimer un effet moyen en comparant son revenu dans le cas où il a obtenu un diplôme au Québec avec la situation où il n’aurait pas eu un diplôme au Québec, et vice-versa. Ceci est possible grâce à l’introduction de l’approche bayésienne dans l’analyse d’évaluation d’impact mettant en exergue l’estimation du contre-factuel de la variable d’intérêt. Les principaux résultats révèlent que les gains de l’éducation acquise au Québec par rapport à ceux de l’éducation acquise à l’étranger diffèrent d’un immigrant à l’autre. En outre, il y a un gain négatif à entreprendre des études au Québec pour tous les immigrants. Particulièrement, plus la probabilité d’entreprendre des études au Québec est élevée plus le retour sur investissement est faible. Il semblerait que les employeurs rémunèrent les immigrants non pas seulement par rapport à leur diplôme or sa provenance mais aussi par rapport à la qualité de leur précédent emploi. Ainsi, on s’attendrait à ce que les immigrants, toute suite après leur formation, acceptent un emploi relativement moins rémunéré que celui qu’il aurait eu étant donné son éducation. Par ailleurs, bien que l’approche bayésienne suggère que, comparativement aux immigrants qui ont obtenu un diplôme collégial au Québec, ceux qui obtiennent un diplôme universitaire sont les plus négativement affectés par un tel investissement en éducation, l’approche Fréquentiste suggère que ces derniers obtiennent le meilleur rendement des études acquises au Québec. Cela soulève à nouveau la question du biais de sélection qui peut subvenir lorsque l’hétérogénéité de l’effet n’est pas prise en compte. Le troisième chapitre a pour objectif d’estimer la distribution de l’effet dynamique de la participation des ménages à la migration interne de la main d’œuvre sur la productivité agricole. Les résultats révèlent que même si en moyenne la migration interne affecte positivement la productivité agricole, il y a des ménages pour lesquels l’effet est négatif. De plus, les ménages pour qui l’effet est négatif sont pour la plupart de petits agriculteurs et sont par conséquent plus susceptibles d’être pauvres et donc plus susceptibles d’être sujet à la volatilité des prix au niveau local. Par ailleurs, l’effet moyen de la migration tend à augmenter avec la probabilité de participer à la migration interne signifiant que les individus décident de participer à la migration parce qu’ils anticipent des gains futurs plus élevés. Parallèlement, j’examine dans quelle mesure les taux de migration antérieurs, largement utilisés dans la littérature en tant qu’instrument de la décision de participer à la migration, sont exogènes à la productivité agricole. Les résultats suggèrent que ces variables ne sont pas exogènes car elles sont intimement corrélées avec la productivité agricole.
This doctoral thesis is interested in international and internal migration. First, it focuses on the professional integration of immigrants in the category of skilled workers in Quebec. Quebec is one of the ten provinces of Canada that, like most other provinces, implemented a program back in 1996 that explicitly selected highly qualified workers based on particular characteristics such as the level of education (Bachelors’, Masters’ or PhD’s), work experience, French and/or English proficiency. Despite these skills that should facilitate their professional integration, 48% of immigrants return to school once they arrive in Quebec in order to obtain a university or college diploma. The first two chapters of this thesis investigates why these immigrants decide to go back to school with such an endowment of human capital and what the effects of this investment in education are on the job frequencies and job durations and, on the earnings profile. This thesis then focuses on the households participation in internal labor migration and the dynamic effect of this participation on the agricultural productivity of households living in rural area of Uganda. The first chapter investigates the extent to which the return to foreign-acquired human capital is different from the education acquired in Quebec. Specifically, it seeks to estimate the benefits of post-migration education over foreign-education on the transitions between qualified and unqualified jobs and unemployment by means of a multiple-spells and multiplestates model. Here, a qualified job is one that corresponds to the highest degree obtained by the immigrant before they come in Quebec. The main results suggest that immigrants originating from well-off countries have no need to further invest in domestic education. Meanwhile, immigrants from poor countries, despite being highly qualified, benefit greatly from such training in the long run as it eases their transitions into qualified and unqualified jobs and out of unemployment. Our results also indicate that selection in education must be taken into account in order to avoid significant selection problems. Unlike the first chapter in which only the average effect of schooling is estimated, the goal of the second chapter is to estimate the distribution of the causal effect of Quebec-acquired education on migrants’ earnings. In other words, it is possible to estimate an average effect for each individual by comparing his income in the case he has obtained a Quebec diploma to the situation where he has not obtained a diploma from Quebec, and vice versa. This is possible thanks to the introduction of the Bayesian approach in the treatment analysis allowing to account for the heterogeneity of the effect. The main results reveal that on average and for each immigrant, there is a negative gain to study in Quebec. However, the magnitude of the effect differs from one immigrant to another. Particularly, the gains tend to decrease with the likelihood of enrolling in school and with the level of ability. Thus, our results suggest that employers pay migrants not only based on their level of education or its origin but more importantly based on the quality of prior jobs held. Furthermore, one would expect immigrants to accept, right after their training, a relatively less paid job than the one he would have had given his education. While the Bayesian approach suggests that immigrants who have enrolled to obtain a university degree are the most negatively affected, the Frequentist approach suggests that those immigrants obtain the highest positive return from Quebec-acquired education. This raises again the issue of mis-evaluation when the essential heterogeneity is not taking into account. The goal of the third chapter is to estimate the distribution of the dynamic effect of household participation in internal labor migration on agricultural productivity in Uganda. Since household can have both observed and unobserved factors that can affect both the decision to participate or not in migration and the return from it, this study account for the heterogeneity of the effect. Results reveal that although, on average, internal labor migration positively affects agricultural productivity, there are households for which the effect is negative. In addition, households for which the effect is negative are mostly small farmers, therefore more likely to be poor and more likely to be subject to local price volatility. It seems that return to migration helps poor household to meet other needs. Moreover, the average effect of migration tends to increase with the probability of participating in internal migration, meaning that households decide to participate in migration because they anticipate higher future returns. At the same time, we also examine the extent to which past migration rates, widely used in the literature as an instrument for the decision to participate in migration, are exogenous to agricultural productivity. Results show that these variables are not exogenous because they are highly correlated with agricultural productivity.
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Tran, Ngo Thi Minh Tam. "Skill formation and transition to productive livelihood in Vietnam." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED033/document.
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L’éducation a connu des progrès remarquables au Vietnam au cours des deux dernières décennies. Cependant, l'inégalité des chances en matière d'éducation aggrave les disparités chez les enfants et menace les progrès en termes de productivité du travail. Pourtant, les mécanismes de transmission des inégalités et le rôle des compétences dans ce processus restent encore largement méconnus. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur ces questions. Plus précisément, elle vise à étudier comment les compétences interagissent avec les facteurs environnementaux dans l’atteinte des résultats scolaires et l’insertion sur le marché du travail au Vietnam. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse examine dans quelle mesure les compétences prédisent l'abandon scolaire. Le chapitre 2 analyse l’effet du passage au temps complet d’enseignement au primaire sur les inégalités scolaires. Enfin, le chapitre 3 étudie l'importance relative des compétences dans l’insertion des jeunes sur le marché du travail. À cette fin, diverses approches quantitatives sont menées à partir des données de Young Lives. Les contributions de la thèse à la littérature existante sont de prendre en compte les compétences non cognitives dans l’analyse, de considérer l'interaction entre le milieu social et l'environnement scolaire et enfin de traiter les erreurs de mesures des compétences au Vietnam. La thèse montre que les efforts en vue de plus d’égalité d’opportunités scolaires doivent être poursuivis. Elle montre également l’importance d'améliorer les compétences non cognitives pour améliorer le bien-être individuel et la croissance économiqueVietnam has attained outstanding performance in education during the past two decades. However, inequality in educational opportunities aggravates disparities among children and threaten the improvement of labour productivity. The underlying mechanism for transmitting inequality and role of skills in the process remaining unclear motivates this thesis. It aims to study how skills interact with environmental factors to determine outcomes on education and livelihoods in Vietnam. Firstly, Chapter 1 examines how skills predict dropping out Then Chapter 2 inspects whether full-day schooling reduces educational inequality. Finally, Chapter 3 investigates the relative importance of skills in determining labour market outcomes. To this end, the research applies diversified quantitative approaches using data from the Young Lives in Vietnam. The contributions of the thesis are threefold, namely taking into consideration the non-cognitive skill in the analysis, addressing the interaction between social background and school environment, and the measurement errors accompanied poor proxies for skills in Vietnam. The thesis hints at further levelling educational opportunities of children and enhancement of non-cognitive skills for greater outcomes in life and economic growth
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Filatotchev, Igor, Xiaohui Liu, Jiangyong Lu, and Mike Wright. "Knowledge Spillovers Through Human Mobility Across National Borders: Evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park in China." Elsevier, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3293/1/Respol_RR1__22_Mar.pdf.
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This paper investigates the impact of returnee entrepreneurs and their knowledge spillovers on
innovation in high-tech firms in China. Using panel data for 1,318 high-tech firms in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park (ZSP) we find that returnee entrepreneurs create a significant spillover effect that promotes innovation in other local high-tech firms. The extent of this
spillover effect is positively moderated by the non-returnee firm's absorptive capacity approximated by the skill level of employees. Multinational enterprises' R&D activities positively affect the innovation intensity of non-returnee firms only when these local firms
possess the sufficient level of absorptive capacity. Our findings have important policy and managerial implications for policy-makers and practitioners.
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Dömeland, Narvaez Dörte. "Empirical studies on human capital and natural resources." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7345.
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El primer capítulo de la tesis sobre "Estudios Empíricos sobre Capital Humano e Instituciones" presenta estimaciones de retornos a la educación en Alemania y analiza los determinantes de las preferencias educativas. El segundo capítulo utiliza estimaciones de retornos a la experiencia en el país de origen de inmigrantes en Estados Unidos para proporcionar evidencia empírica que el comercio aumenta la acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo, incluso en los países menos desarrollados, resolviendo la ambigüedad teórica si el comercio aumenta o disminuye "learning-by-doing". La acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo es también positivamente asociada con el PIB per capita, un alto nivel de educación y una mayor calidad de políticas e instituciones. El último capítulo analiza el efecto de recursos naturales y asistencia externa sobre la calidad de instituciones, proporcionando evidencia empírica que -contrario a la asistencia externa, la abundancia de mineral y combustible tiende a ser asociada negativamente con la calidad de instituciones si la fragmentación étnica es grande.The first chapter of the thesis on "Empirical Studies on Human Capital and Institutions" presents estimates of returns to education in Germany and analyses the determinants of educational choices. The second chapter uses estimated returns to home country experience of US immigrants to provide empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation even in less developed countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. Similar to trade, GDP per capita, a high average level of educational attainment and stronger quality of policy and institutions are found to be positively associated with on-the-job human capital accumulation. The last chapter analyses the effect of natural resources and aid on institutions, providing empirical evidence that contrary to aid, mineral and fuel abundance tends to be associated with significantly lower quality of institutions if ethnic fractionalization is large.
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Heinze, Pierre-Ludwig. "Leadership style, Development of Skills, and Career Management as a possibility to retain employees in comparison to companies’ practices in German speakingcountries (Austria and Germany) and Sweden." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2005.
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Moatty, Annabelle. "Pour une Géographie des reconstructions post-catastrophe : risques, sociétés et territoires." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30047/document.
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La reconstruction post-catastrophe est apparue relativement récemment dans la littérature scientifique des risques. On a longtemps fait, en France et dans les pays développés, comme si les sommes d’argent drainées par le processus d’indemnisation et par la solidarité étaient suffisantes pour reconstruire efficacement. Pourtant, la récurrence des catastrophes, parfois sur les mêmes territoires, interroge l’efficacité des logiques préventives. Notre approche de la reconstruction est systémique et vise l’analyse des interactions entre risques, sociétés et territoires. L’étude des phases du processus de reconstruction par le biais d’un retour d’expérience à moyen et long terme permet d’en dégager des règles, et de définir de « bonnes et mauvaises pratiques » au regard des objectifs de la réduction des risques et du développement durable. Le manque d’anticipation, les nombreuses incertitudes qui pèsent sur les acteurs et l’urgence dans laquelle sont prises les décisions conduisent dans de nombreux cas à une persistance des risques et au creusement des écarts sociaux. Lorsqu’une éthique préventive est intégrée dans le processus, elle reste ponctuelle et marginale, la règle étant la reproduction des systèmes socio-spatiaux préexistants. Le processus de reconstruction n’a pas pour point de départ un « état zéro », il est soumis à des contraintes territoriales et politiques, et doit permettre d’apporter une réponse adaptée aux besoins des communautés sinistrées. Ainsi, pour faire de la reconstruction post-catastrophe une opportunité préventive, un effort d'anticipation est nécessaire – bien que nécessairement limité – il doit être accompagné d’une planification ex postThe post-disaster reconstruction has emerged relatively recently in the hazards’ scientific literature. It has long been, in France and in developed countries, as if the amounts of money drained by the compensation process and solidarity were sufficient to recover efficiently. However the recurrence of disasters, sometimes in the same territories, questioned the effectiveness of preventive logic. Our approach of the reconstruction is systemic and aims at analyzing the interactions between risk, societies and territories. The study of the reconstruction process periods through a medium and long-term feedback allows to define the operating rules, and to define "good and bad practices" regarding the objectives of risk reduction and sustainable development. The lack of anticipation, the several uncertainties and the emergency in which the decisions are taken are leading, in many cases, to risk persistence and to increase the social gaps. When preventive ethics is integrated into the process remains punctual and marginal, the rule being the reproduction of existing socio-spatial systems. The reconstruction process does not start from a "zero state", it is subject to territorial and political constraints, and must lead to make an appropriate response to the needs of affected communities. Thus, in order to make the post-disaster reconstruction a preventive opportunity, an anticipatory effort is needed - though necessarily limited - it must be accompanied by an ex post planning
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Gomez, Norma J. "Three essays on human capital and labor markets for collegegraduates in Colombia." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436621463.
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Falco, Paolo. "Occupational choices and their outcomes in African labour markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5df582c5-99f1-4987-b88c-db66829eb49d.
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This thesis is an investigation into the microeconomic mechanisms that govern some of the occupational choices faced by workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, and into the monetary and non-monetary returns to their decisions. Chapter 1 begins by exploring the decision process that leads workers to allocate themselves to different occupations within the economy. In particular, I investigate the role of risk-aversion in the allocation of workers between formal and informal jobs in Ghana, hence attempting to explain a fundamental dimension of duality through an investigation into workers' preferences. In my model of sectoral allocation risk-averse workers can opt between entering the free-entry informal sector and queuing for formal occupations. Conditional on identifying the riskier option, the model yields testable implications on the relationship between risk-aversion and workers' allocation. My testing strategy proceeds in two steps. First, using the first three waves of the Ghana Household Urban Panel Survey (GHUPS) dataset, I estimate expected income uncertainty and find it considerably higher in the informal sector than in formal employment. Second, using experimental data to elicit risk-attitudes I estimate the effect of risk-aversion on occupational choices and I find that, in line with the first result, more risk-averse workers are more likely to queue for formal jobs and less likely to be in the informal sector. The conclusion of the first chapter is that attitudes to risk should feature more prominently in models of sector allocation and in the design of labour market policies, in particular when those policies aim to impact workers' vulnerability to risk and uncertainty. Chapter 2 focuses on the largest occupational category in the Developing world, self-employed workers with small productive activities, and it tries to estimate the returns to different productive assets, namely physical capital, labour and human capital. These are the workers that form most of the informal sector analysed in chapter 1, which allows me to draw a direct link with the analysis so far. The chapter begins by specifying a model for the income-generating process grounded in the literature on firms' production and hence abridging the gap between the analysis of individual earnings and the study of firms' value added. Identification in the empirics is achieved by means of panel estimators that are suitable to address the endogeneity of input choices, which derives from both time-varying and time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity. The use of these estimators is made feasible by the length of the Ghanaian Household Urban Panel Survey dataset at CSAE. I also explore issues of endogeneity in the selection of different technologies, defined by their relative capital and labour intensity. Finally, I analyse the shape of returns to capital, with the aim to detect potential non-convexities in technology. The results show that capital and work-experience play the strongest role in income-generation, while the shares of value added attributed to labour and to formal schooling are low. Marginal returns to investment are high at low capital levels and they decrease very rapidly, pointing against the existence of non-convexities due to minimum scale requirements, but implying that real income gains resulting form micro-investment are modest. Chapter 3 returns to the issue of earnings uncertainty and risk-aversion explored in Chapter 1, but it now takes the allocation choice as given and explores the direct welfare implications of income uncertainty for worker's well-being. Namely, the chapter explores the relationship between income and welfare, with a particular attention on the link between income vulnerability and happiness. Using unique longitudinal data on life-satisfaction and labour market outcomes, I estimate an individual measure of vulnerability (defined as the probability of falling below a low-income threshold) and investigate its effect on well-being. After controlling for unobservable individual fixed effects, work-satisfaction, relative income and other relevant worker characteristics, I find a sizable impact of vulnerability, over and above the income effect. When I explore the mechanisms behind my results, I find that aspiration adaptation to current income may result in a transitory income effect. Moreover, using my direct measure of attitudes to risk from field-experiments (already used in chapter 1), I can test directly the hypothesis that more risk-averse agents suffer more heavily from a given increase in income vulnerability. Overall, my findings support policy interventions that aim to reduce vulnerability, as I expect such policies to have a 'direct' impact on agents' happiness given the prevailing attitudes to risk and uncertainty in the population. Finally, from the point of view of overall social welfare, my results suggest that non-Rawlsian growth models, whereby 'someone may be left behind', may fail to enhance general welfare, for high enough levels of risk-aversion in the population, if the risk of falling behind is sufficiently widespread.
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Swed, Nannette. "Essays on socio-economic consequences of violent conflict in the Middle East." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16927.
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Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, welche die sozio-ökonomische Konsequenzen der Verwicklung in Konflikte untersuchen. Der erste Artikel untersucht den Einfluss der “Operation Iraqi Freedom” und des folgenden Bürgerkrieges auf die Beschulung von irakischen Kindern im schulpflichtigen Alter. Einen Schwerpunkt der Studie bildet die Überwindung eines Endogenitätsproblems, welches sich durch nicht-zufällige Verwicklung in Gewalt ergibt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Intensität des Konfliktes die Schuleinschreibung von Mädchen durch eine Verwicklung in Konflikte zwischen sechs bis zwölf Prozent reduziert wird. Der bei Jungen gemessene Effekt beläuft sich auf eine Reduzierung um ein bis neun Prozent. Im zweiten Artikel werden Lohnzuschläge von hochqualifizierten palästinensischen Arbeitskräften in Zusammenhang mit alternierender Intensität im Nahostkonflikt gestellt. Mit dem Ausbruch der Zweiten Intifada im Jahr 2000 führen erhöhte Grenzkontrollen zu eingeschränkte Mobilität. Dadurch gewinnt Der Dienstleistungssektor in den Besetzten Gebieten an relativer Bedeutung. Dieser beschäftigt anteilig mehr hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte als andere Sektoren, was den Anstieg ihrer relativen Löhne erklärt. Im dritten Artikel wird die Entwicklung des Geschlechterlohndifferentials in den Palästinensischen Gebieten untersucht. Während der Lohnunterschied zwischen Mann und Frau bis 1999 ansteigt, lässt sich mit dem Ausbruch der Zweiten Intifada die Umkehrung dieses Trends verzeichnen. Die Verlagerung der palästinensischen Beschäftigung aus Israel in den lokalen Arbeitsmarkt erklärt dabei 57,8 Prozent der schrumpfenden Lohnlücke. Die dadurch veränderte Industriestruktur macht weitere 26,5 Prozent der Lohnkonvergenz aus. Die veränderte Beschäftigung zugunsten der Agrar- und Dienstleistungssektoren, welche sich beide durch einen hohen Anteil an Arbeiterinnen auszeichnen, führt zu einem Anstieg ihrer relativen Löhne.This thesis consists of three essays that analyze the socio-economic consequences of conflict involvement. The first essay studies the effect of the Operation Iraqi Freedom and the following civil war on schooling outcomes of Iraqi children in mandatory schooling age. Several conflict measures which vary over geographic regions are proposed to capture different traits of conflict involvement. A special focus is laid on overcoming the potential endogeneity arising from non-random involvement into conflicts. I find decreased school enrollment of six-year-old boys and girls. Depending on the intensity of the conflict enrollment of girls is reduced by six to twelve percent. The detrimental effect measured for boys ranges between one and nine percent. The second essay examines wage differentials of high-skilled workers in relation to relaxing and tightening conflict intensity in the Israeli-Palestinian case. After the outbreak of the Second Intifada in 2000 the relative wage of skilled workers experiences a substantial increase. Regional employment shifts coming along with a change in the sector composition are responsible for a higher skill-intensive labor employment which translates into higher relative wages for skilled workers. The third essay explores the evolution of the gender wage gap in the Palestinian Territories. While the male-female wage differential increases till 1999, this trend is reversed with the outbreak of the Second Intifada. The catch-up of the female wages is mainly driven by relative employment shifts across workplaces and sectors. The shift of employment in Israel to the local labor market explains 57.8 percent of the closing wage gap between men and women. The related change in the industry structure explains another 26.5 percent of the wage convergence. I find relative gains of the service and agricultural sectors located in the Palestinian Territories, both of which rely on high shares of female labor input.
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Caulfield, Natasha. "Why do self-initiated expatriates choose to repatriate? : an examination of skilled South Australians." 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:36668.
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This research program investigated why self-initiated expatriates intend to repatriate and do repatriate from abroad, using samples of skilled South Australian workers. Due to a lack of theoretical explanations for self-initiated repatriation, this three-stage program sought to provide a theoretically-based view of how home-country attraction factors, host-country embeddedness factors, and dynamic factors explain intentions to repatriate and repatriation and how intentions predicted repatriation. Stage 1 analysed retrospective interview data from recently returned repatriates to South Australia (Study 1); Stage 2 analysed survey data and longitudinally gained data from expatriates chiefly living in Europe on whether they had repatriated or not to explain intentions to repatriate and repatriation behaviour itself (Studies 2 to 4); and Stage 3 analysed interview data from the initial recentlyreturned repatriates and longitudinal repeated measures six, 12, and 18 months after the interview on their feelings and mobility since home (Study 5).
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Song, Moohoun. "Four essays on technology adoption and returns to skill in the U.S. /." 2005.
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"BRAIN DRAIN FROM TURKEY: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SKILLED MIGRATION AND STUDENT NON-RETURN." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605063/index.pdf.
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Carbonaro, William J. "Degrees of difference : explaining variation in the returns to education and skill across occupations, over time, and across nations /." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Rai, Nishita. "Falling Out of Love with American Utopia: an Insight into Return Migration Intentions of Highly Skilled Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8X34WJW.
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Losing highly skilled Asian immigrants in the United States (U.S.) to their home country or third country is becoming a concern. Few studies have focused on psychological factors that result in highly skilled immigrant return migration. This research examines the influence of cultural value congruence between home country and host country or the lack thereof, on host country turnover intentions of Asian Indian immigrants in the U.S., both in the immediate and the distant future. The present study is based on the person-environment fit literature with special focus on national cultural value congruence which is seen as essential to immigrants successfully acculturating and deciding to remain in their host country. It was hypothesized that cultural value congruence experienced by immigrants will be related to their host country turnover intentions such that lower congruence with host country cultural values would result in higher host country turnover intentions. The individualism-collectivism scale developed by Triandis and Gelfand (1998) was utilized to measure the horizontal and vertical aspects of individualism and collectivism represented in the immigrants’ home country and host country cultural values. Congruence between these values was calculated using an absolute difference score. A one-shot cross section survey design was utilized to collect data from 153 highly skilled first generation Asian Indian immigrants located throughout the United States. Results confirmed partial support for cultural value congruence and immigrant host country turnover intentions with lower congruence on vertical individualism values resulting in higher immigrant host country turnover intentions in the distant future. No support was found for cultural value congruence on other cultural value subscales – vertical collectivism, horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism, and host country turnover intentions in the distant future. No support was found for cultural value congruence and host country turnover intentions in the immediate future. In addition, the experience of immigrants in the workplace, specifically perceived workplace discrimination and leader cultural intelligence, were examined for their moderating role in the relationship between cultural value congruence and host country turnover intentions. No support was found for moderator effects of perceived workplace discrimination and leader cultural intelligence as hypothesized in the study. Instead, significant effects were noted for low levels of perceived workplace discrimination on cultural value congruence and host country turnover intentions in the distant future, and high levels of perceived workplace discrimination on cultural value congruence and host country turnover intentions in the immediate future. Significant effects were also noted for low and high leader cultural intelligence on cultural value congruence and immigrant host country turnover intentions in the distant future. The study limitations and directions for future research have also been addressed.
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Neves, Ana Filipa Telo. "O projeto de vida "retorno à família biológica" de crianças institucionalizadas: contributos para a análise e intervenção." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5378.
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Orientação: Marlene Braz RodriguesO presente trabalho de investigação incide sobre a intervenção da equipa técnica profissional do CAT- Casa das Cores, na implementação do projeto de vida de retorno da criança à família biológica. Este estudo segue uma metodologia qualitativa, estudo de caso de caráter descritivo e exploratório. Para a recolha da informação empírica utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista e análise de conteúdo dos processos referentes às quatro crianças que tiveram o retorno à família desde a abertura do CAT já referido. Conclui-se que, o principal motivo da institucionalização destas crianças foi a negligência grave, a nível escolar, educacional e habitacional, embora estas famílias não tenham chegado a colocar os menores em situação de perigo de vida. No entanto, o principal fator sociofamiliar agravante da situação irregular das crianças e que culminou na institucionalização foram os níveis económico e habitacional. Em suma, os fatores que levaram a equipa técnica profissional do CAT a elaborar e a implementar o projeto de vida de retorno da criança à família biológica foram a capacitação das famílias para minimizarem os fatores de risco que inicialmente colocaram as crianças em situação de risco, através da potencialização das suas competências parentais, nomeadamente na capacidade de avaliarem as necessidades apresentadas pelas crianças, reconhecendo-as e efetuando as modificações necessárias de forma a dar uma resposta adequada às questões que se apresentassem, tanto a nível individual como sociofamiliar. Assim, como as famílias em estudo conseguiram sustentar e estabilizar as condições de segurança e proporcionar às crianças um contexto protetor e promotor de um desenvolvimento adequado, visou-se a reintegração da criança na família.
This research work focuses on the intervention of the technical and professional team of the Casa da Cores (CAT) in the implementation of the life project of returning children to their biological families. This study follows a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory case study methodology. The techniques used to collect the empirical information were interviews and content analysis of the cases concerning the four children that were returned to their families since the opening of CAT. It was concluded that the main reason for the institutionalisation of these children was the serious negligence at school, educational and housing levels, although these families have never placed the minors’ lives at risk. However, the housing and economic levels were the main aggravating family and social factors for the irregularities of the children’s situation and which led to their institutionalisation. In sum, the factors that led the technical and professional team of the CAT to elaborate and implement the life project of returning children to their biological families was to enable the families to minimize the risk factors which initially placed the children at risk by improving parental competencies, notably their ability to assess the children’s needs, acknowledging them and adapting themselves in order to answer the issues adequately, both at individual, family and social levels. Therefore, as those families managed to stabilize and support the safety conditions of the children and to provide them with a caring and protective environment promoting an adequate development, they were reintegrated back into their families.
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Ochoa-Coloma, Juan Marcelo. "Essays in Asset Pricing." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7227.
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The three essays in this dissertation explore the role of fluctuations in aggregate volatility and global temperature as sources of systemic risk.
The first essay proposes a production-based asset pricing model and provides empirical evidence suggesting that compensation for volatility risk is closely related to an unexplored characteristic of a firm, namely, its reliance on skilled labor. I propose a model in which aggregate growth has time-varying volatility, and linear adjustment costs in labor increase with the skill of a worker. The model predicts that expected returns increase with a firm's reliance on skilled labor, as well as compensation for fluctuations in aggregate uncertainty. Consequently, a rise in aggregate uncertainty predicts an increase in expected returns as well as in cautiousness in hiring and firing. This impact is larger for firms with a high share of skilled workers because their labor is more costly to adjust. I empirically test the implications of the model using occupational estimates to construct a measure of a firm's reliance on skilled labor, and find a positive and statistically significant cross-sectional relation between the reliance on skilled labor and expected returns. Empirical estimates also show that an increase in aggregate uncertainty leads to a rise in expected returns, and this impact is larger for firms which rely heavily on skilled labor; thereby, a firm's exposure to aggregate volatility is positively related to its reliance on skilled labor.
In the second and third essay, co-authored with Ravi Bansal, we explore the impact of global temperature on financial markets and the macroeconomy. In tho second essay we explore if temperature is an aggregate risk factor that adversely affects economic growth. First, using data on global capital markets we find that the risk-exposure of these returns to temperature shocks, i.e., their temperature beta, is a highly significant variable in accounting for cross-sectional differences in expected returns. Second, using a panel of countries we show that GDP growth is negatively related to global temperature, suggesting that temperature can be a source of aggregate risk. To interpret the empirical evidence, we present a quantitative consumption-based long-run risks model that quantitatively accounts for the observed cross-sectional differences in temperature betas, the compensation for temperature risk, and the connection between aggregate growth and temperature risks.
The last essay proposes a general equilibrium model that simultaneously models the world economy and global climate to understand the impact of climate change on the economy. We use this model to evaluate the role of temperature in determining asset prices, and to compute utility-based welfare costs as well as dollar costs of insuring against temperature fluctuations. We find that the temperature related utility-costs are about 0.78% of consumption, and the total dollar costs of completely insuring against temperature variation are 2.46% of world GDP. If we allow for temperature-triggered natural disasters to impact growth, insuring against temperature variation raise to 5.47% of world GDP.
Dissertation
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黃舜威. "A Study Investigating the Area of Interest of Returned Serve for Table Tennis Players with Different Skill Levels in Elementary School." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23986626111941064111.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹教育大學
人資處體育碩士專班
100
A Study Investigating the Area of Interest of Returned Serve for Table Tennis Players with Different Skill Levels in Elementary School Abstract Purpose: To analyze the AOI (Area of Interest) of returned serve for table tennis of the male players in elementary school, and the difference among players’ AOI with different skill levels.Methods: Using eye tracker (iView X HED4, 50 Hz), notebook computer（IBM）to record the eye situation of 8 participants with excellent abilities the elite group, 7 participants with fair abilities the average group and 8 beginners. Then, using BeGaze 3.0 software to analyze the data of the percentage duration time of AOI. All the variables were tested by t-test and one-way ANOVA which was calculated by SPSS for Windows. Results: 1.The AOI of the elite group is the racket and the ball. The AOI of the average group is the ball. The AOI of the beginners is the ball. 2. The aiming time on the racket of the elite group is obviously higher than the average group and the beginners. 3. The aiming time on other things of the beginners is obviously higher than the average group and the elite group. Key words: Area of Interest, table tennis, returned serve
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Pinheiro, Maria Tereza. "Como medir o retorno sobre o investimento em formação profissional? : estudo de caso." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8871.
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Orientação: João Pedro da Cruz Fernandes ThomazSendo de especial relevância para as organizações a racionalização de custos e a correta tomada de decisão, não só sobre os investimentos a executar como também a eficiência e eficácia da sua aplicação, é fundamental a existência de instrumentos que possibilitem abordar de forma sistematizada o processo do retorno sobre o investimento em Formação. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo determinar o processo para o cálculo do retorno do investimento em formação. Para cumprir o objetivo foi utilizada a metodologia ROITM desenvolvida por Jack J. Phillips (1970). Trata-se de um processo abrangente de medição e avaliação para ser utilizado não apenas como instrumento de diagnóstico e planeamento mas, principalmente na melhoria contínua do sistema de formação. Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, com abordagem de cariz qualitativa e quantitativa, acompanhada de um estudo de caso numa organização do setor empresarial do Estado. Os resultados parecem indiciar, corroborando resultados de outras investigações, que a formação mais do que um custo é sem dúvida um investimento.
It is particularly relevant for organizations to rationalize costs and the decision-making outcomes, not only on the performed investments as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of its implementation. It is essential to have tools that allow to address in a systematic way the return process obtained from investing in personnel training. This research aims to determine a protocol to calculate the return of the investment in personnel training. To fulfill this goal, the ROITM methodology developed by Jack J. Phillips (1970) has been used. This methodology is a comprehensive measurement and evaluation protocol to be used not only as a diagnostic tool, but primarily as a continuous improvement tool. In this regard, an exploratory study was conducted using a qualitative and quantitative approach, accompanied by a case study on the business sector of the Portuguese government organization. The results indicate, corroborating with previous investigations, that the personnel training more than a cost, it is undoubtedly an investment.
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Andrlová, Anna. "Důvody vysoce kvalifikovaných migrantů k návratu do Bosny a Hercegoviny po roce 2005." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410634.
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Brain drain, or human capital flight, is a phenomenon which represents a society-wide problem in the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). At present, more than half of the people claiming BiH nationality live abroad, out of which a significant part possesses tertiary education. Loss of human capital carries negative socio-economic consequences which hinder the country's development. On the other hand, brain gain, i.e. return of highly skilled migrants to their country of origin, might reverse some of the unfavourable effects. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of the return of highly skilled migrants remains under researched not only within the region of the Western Balkans, but also on a global scale. Although this type of migration has increasingly attracted the attention of many scholars from various academic and non- academic fields, contemporary literature on this topic suffers from limitations and tends to oversimplify the returnees' motivations to purely economic incentives. This study attempts to describe the complex factors leading the highly skilled migrants to return to BiH. Based on the 33 respondents' subjective preferences from the spheres of career, family and lifestyle, this work provides an insight into the decisions of returnees in the context of the developing Western Balkan country.
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Mavimbela, Jabulile. "Social work as a scarce skill: exploring the views of social workers regarding the retention strategies used by the human resource managers to retain social workers within the Department of Social Development." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18463.
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Social work has been declared as a scarce skill in South Africa in 2008 and the need to recruit and retain social workers in the work place and in the country was identified as a pressing issue that required urgent attention. The problem came to the attention of the researcher through observing that even though social work has been declared a scarce skill, newly qualified social workers are still leaving the Department of Social Development for employment opportunities outside the DSD. The aim of the study was to explore the views of social workers regarding the retention strategies used to retain social workers at the DSD. The researcher has investigated the views of social workers employed at DSD Germiston office and former DSD employees (who are also social workers), regarding the retention strategies used by the human resource managers to retain social workers within the Department of Social Development. The research involved an exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach. Purposive non-probability sampling was used to select 20 participants, comprised of 10 social workers who had left the DSD to work in other departments or private companies and 10 social workers who are currently working for the DSD Germiston office. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The results showed that current DSD interviewees saw the strategies used at DSD as not effective in retaining social workers as compared to former DSD interviewees who saw the strategies as contributing towards retaining social workers. Both current and former DSD interviewees were of the opinion that social workers can be retained at the department if the remuneration packages for social workers, working conditions and resource allocation are improved. The researcher is therefore of the opinion that the strategies used at DSD to retain social workers need to be reviewed and social workers need to be consulted and be involved in the process of developing new strategies to retain social workers.
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CHIANG-TA-CHENG and 江大成. "The study mainly investigated the table tennis strategy of Taiwanese high school table tennis players by three stage skill analysis. The study analysed players who are from the quarter final in the 2014 National High School Athletic Games(all about Fu Cheng Senior High School players). Games were recorded by video and record those players’ gripping mode from preliminaries to the final game. The gripped mode, three stage skill, and strategy were recorded by 3 A-level coaches. By this way, we can analse high school students’ skill in actual situation. Moreover, we can review the advantage and disadvantage for future training, and enhance their level of skill.The scoring rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 48.9％、39.1％、12％, No.1235 player 40.6％、28.1％、31.3％,and No.1240 player 33.1％、35％、32％. The usage rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 42.6％、43.3％、14.1％, No.1235 player 38.4％、33.2％、28.2％,and No.1240 player 28.2％、35.1％、36.6％.The overall average of usage rate showed that Three-Part Skill is used more in the section of attack after serve part and attack on return serve part. Conclusion: The research shows that players of Kaohsiung Municipal Fu Cheng Senior High School mainly use quick attack combining top spin and top spin combining quick attack. If they could participate more national events,and train themselves to strengthen their advantages and improve shortcomings. Someday, they can greatly enhance their personal achievement." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94996991702015980304.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
體育教學碩士在職專班
104
The study mainly investigated the table tennis strategy of Taiwanese high school table tennis players by three stage skill analysis. The study analysed players who are from the quarter final in the 2014 National High School Athletic Games(all about Fu Cheng Senior High School players). Games were recorded by video and record those players’ gripping mode from preliminaries to the final game. The gripped mode, three stage skill, and strategy were recorded by 3 A-level coaches. By this way, we can analse high school students’ skill in actual situation. Moreover, we can review the advantage and disadvantage for future training, and enhance their level of skill. The scoring rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 48.9％、39.1％、12％, No.1235 player 40.6％、28.1％、31.3％,and No.1240 player 33.1％、35％、32％. The usage rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 42.6％、43.3％、14.1％, No.1235 player 38.4％、33.2％、28.2％,and No.1240 player 28.2％、35.1％、36.6％.The overall average of usage rate showed that Three-Part Skill is used more in the section of attack after serve part and attack on return serve part. Conclusion: The research shows that players of Kaohsiung Municipal Fu Cheng Senior High School mainly use quick attack combining top spin and top spin combining quick attack. If they could participate more national events,and train themselves to strengthen their advantages and improve shortcomings. Someday, they can greatly enhance their personal achievement.