Relevant bibliographies by topics / Returnees diaspora

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Returnees diaspora'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Returnees diaspora"

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Erciyes, Jade Cemre. "Diaspora of Diaspora: Adyge-Abkhaz Returnees in the Ancestral Homeland." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 3 (June 2014): 340–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.17.3.340.

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Focusing on the diasporic characteristics shown by ancestral return migrants, this case study looks at the Abkhaz-Adyge (Circassian) returnees from Turkey to the Caucasus and how they become the “diaspora of the diaspora.” The next generations of diasporans continue to dream of return, and, with recent developments in communication technologies and cheaper transportation, many find ways to realize this dream. There are many different forms of return, but some “return-migrate” and settle in an unfamiliar ancestral home. The relocation creates new experiences as the homeland turns out to be very different from that which they imagined, and the return migration is transformed into a new form of migrant experience that, in fact, produces renewed diasporic characteristics.
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Askeland, Gurid Aga, and Anne Margrethe Sønneland. "You will never again be a Chilean like the others." Journal of Comparative Social Work 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v6i1.57.

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In this paper we focus on repatriation of refugees who came to Norway after the coup d'état in Chile in 1973. The Chilean refugees formed part of a diaspora during exile. The authors’ concern is the returnees' relationship with the diaspora upon return. The purpose of the article is to discuss whether the notion of diaspora may contribute to an understanding of the situation of the returnees. Diaspora is widely used in migration studies, although the concept is not particularly related to studies on refugees and their return. The article is based on interviews with Chilean returnees from Norwegian exile. The authors argue that their situation may be best understood as one of continued diasporic identity and diasporic consciousness.
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Londo, Dennis Lazaro. "DIASPORA AND THEIR HOME COUNTRIES: EXPLORING THE SECOND GENERATION OF DIASPORA RETURNEES IN TANZANIA." European Journal of Sociology 3, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejs.512.

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Purpose: This study endeavors to focus on the concept of second generation of diaspora returnees through a detailed explanation of the links that exist between the diaspora and their home countries. This study also sought to understand the differences in the social environment of the second generation of diaspora returnees between the host country and the country of origin. Methodology: The study reviewed relevant literature and took an approach of first conceptualizing and explaining the meaning of second generation of diaspora returnees. Later on, this study through comparative analysis identified the differences between social environments in host countries and countries of origin.Findings: Generally, this study found out in the recent past the connection between Tanzania as a country and its diaspora is progressively improving but to a large extent the second generation of the diasporas feel out of touch with the country.Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Recommendations from this study challenge the Tanzanian government to set up policies that will enable the diasporas to be involved in their home country activities. Secondly, to equally facilitate the return of the second generation of diaspora, the Tanzanian government should create a direct connection between the government and the diaspora and recognize their existence as part of the larger Tanzania community. Findings from this study also provide a basis for other scholars to conduct more studies along this field of knowledge
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Olsson, Erik. "From Diaspora with Dreams, Dreaming about Diaspora: Narratives on a Transnational Chilean Community." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 3 (June 2014): 362–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.17.3.362.

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This article examines the realization of “projects” to return to the country of origin for Chilean migrants who lived in the Swedish diaspora and how they relate to the social context in which these migrants lived as exiles. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research and the analysis of returnees’ narratives, it argues that the return project is not just the undertaking of isolated individuals, manifested in the decision to move, but rather an expression of discourses and practices embedded in the social context of migrants. The implementation of a return project serves as a “programmed act” of the discourses dominating in exile and becomes, with time, a journey back to “roots” that has different connotations depending on the circumstances of return. The study demonstrates that returnees tend to continue to position themselves as part of their diasporic network even after return. It is concluded that the transnational practices of the diaspora maintain social networks even after people have launched their return projects and moved back to their country of origin. The Swedish-Chilean return projects demonstrate how the idea of people’s cultural and territorial roots serves the diasporic networks’ efforts to bridge seemingly disparate social worlds and refigures that social space.
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Erciyes, Jade Cemre. "Diaspora of Diaspora: Adyge-Abkhaz Returnees in the Ancestral Homeland." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 3 (2008): 340–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dsp.2008.0022.

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Karamanian, Armen Samuel. "‘He Wasn’t Able to Understand What I Was Saying’: The Experiences of Returnees’ Speaking Western Armenian in ‘Eastern’ Armenia." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 16, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2019): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6290.

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Since Armenia’s independence in 1991, thousands of diasporans have made the decision to return and settle in the ancestral homeland. The returnees, who speak Western Armenian, one of the two standardised forms of modern Armenian, are switching to the use of Eastern Armenian, the official variant of the homeland. Using two determinants of language perception—standardisation and vitality—this paper analyses the reactions received by thirty returnees who emigrated from nine countries, when speaking Western Armenian to an Eastern Armenian-speaking society. The vitality of the language shows signs of increasing through an encouragement by locals aware of the language’s historical significance, and an admiration of its ‘beauty’ and terminology. A heightened vitality has led returnees to feel confident about its use during social interactions and the possibility of the standard being incorporated into the nation’s linguistic narrative. However, confusion and ridicule due to a differing pronunciation, vocabulary, terminology, and the inability to be understood by some in Armenian society, has led to discomfort by returnees who are shifting to the usage of Eastern Armenian. At present, the use of Western Armenian in the homeland remains within the confines of family, friends and returnee circles. Despite the changing status of Western Armenian through a notable welcoming of the language into the linguistic narrative of the country, some segments of Armenian society do not perceive Western Armenian as an acceptable standard for broader use in Armenian society and national institutions. The homeland’s inconsistent, and at times questionable, acceptance of the language perpetuates the status quo that Western Armenian remains an unacceptable standard within the homeland and for use only in the diaspora.
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Sardinha, João. "“Even If the Only Thing for Me to Do Here Was to Milk Cows”: Portuguese Emigrant Descendant Returnees from Canada Narrate Pre-return Desires and Motivations." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 3 (June 2014): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.17.3.316.

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The article analyzes the pre-return desires and preparatory steps of the descendants of Portuguese immigrants in Canada who have returned to Portugal. Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out from June 2008 to May 2011 in Portugal, the study draws from the narratives of twenty returnees, scrutinizing home-country/host-country interactions and negotiations, the maintenance of ancestral homeland contacts, and network building. I analyze how these are sustained via family, community, technology, and return visits. I show that, even though these descendants drew their return aspirations from both close diasporic proximity (in Canada) and faraway locations (in Portugal), the factors that induced a “return” mobility were seldom uniform among the participants. The article thus sets out to discuss the influences and motivations that created feelings of belonging and spiritual proximity to a land, a society, and a lifestyle that, in some cases, were highly valued and often glorified right from an early age within the collective settings of family and diasporic community and, in others, constructed individually at later stages through self-searching mechanisms.
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Hansen, Peter. "Khat, Governance and Political Identity among Diaspora Returnees to Somaliland." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39, no. 1 (January 2013): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2012.711060.

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Ojo, Sanya. "Interrogating returnee entrepreneurship in the Nigerian context." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 11, no. 5 (November 6, 2017): 590–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2016-0025.

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Purpose This study aims to intend to appraise the characteristics of returnee entrepreneurship and its contributions to development in form of transfer of knowledge and skills in the Nigerian context. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach complemented with situational observations was used. The lived experiences of two returnees were interrogated in semi-structured interviews for an in-depth analysis. Findings Findings illustrate the dilemmas and challenges returnee entrepreneurs from the developed host countries confronted in their entrepreneurial endeavors in the homeland. Originality/value This paper highlights the misconceptions around relocation of immigrants’ business people back to their homeland. It contributes to the growing literature on the social and economic impacts of returnee entrepreneurs (as opposed to diaspora and transnational entrepreneurs) to their homelands’ development.
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Zanker, Franzisca, and Judith Altrogge. "The Political Influence of Return: From Diaspora to Libyan Transit Returnees." International Migration 57, no. 4 (March 25, 2019): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12578.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Returnees diaspora"

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Hamidu-Yakubu, Jamila. "Transnational political participation of the Ghanaian diaspora in London and Accra." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD9999.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la thématique de la participation politique qui continue d’être au coeur de la problématique du fonctionnement des démocraties consolidées comme de celles qui sont en voie de consolidation. Premièrement la thèse porte sur la participation politique de la diaspora ghanéenne première et deuxième générations dans la politique britannique généralement et lors de Brexit. La thèse examine le lien entre la construction de l’identité ghanéenne à Londres et l’engagement politique en Grand Bretagne. Deuxièmement elle analyse l’engagement politique transnational de la diaspora envers le Ghana, en s’appuyant sur le cas de la diaspora à Londres. Elle étudie les actes qui peuvent se traduire comme pratique politique de la diaspora ghanéenne notamment dans le cas d’absence de droit de vote de la diaspora ghanéenne à l’étranger. Troisième elle examine l’engagement politique des « retournées » au Ghana comme les gardiens de la démocratie ghanéenne. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la notion que peu d’études ou travaux de recherche ont été réalisés sur l’engagement politique de la diaspora Ghanéenne dans le pays d’accueil et le pays d’origine. Elle a pour objectif de démontrer qu’à travers l’engagement politique, comment une communauté diasporique s’intègre dans le pays d’accueil, et à travers ce même processus d’engagement politique transnational, comment ils deviennent une force politique dans leur pays d’origine.L’étude reconstitue l’engagement politique de la diaspora à Londres et les stratégies utilisées par les élites de la diaspora lors des élections nationales au Ghana. Elle se concentre sur l’engagement politique de cette élite diasporique une fois au Ghana, les stratégies mises en place pour consolider leur place de l’élite politique issue de la diaspora. Les villes de Londres et Accra ont été choisies pour observer :- les interactions, aux niveaux national et international.- les logiques véhiculées par les groupes influents ainsi que- leur emprise sur le jeu politique, tout en rendant compte, à partir d’une étude longitudinale, ethnographique, des entretiens, discussions depuis 2010 et exploitation des questionnaires semi-directive administrés, auprès des membres de la diaspora à Londres et les « retournées » à Accra.Les résultats de ces enquêtes de terrain ont démontré que la diaspora ghanéenne a historiquement joué un rôle important dans la construction politique et démocratique du Ghana et elle continue ainsi à jouer le rôle du développement du pays à la fois politique et économique
This thesis deals with the topic of political participation, which continues to be at the core of the debates on the functioning of democratic institutions in emerging democracies as well as in consolidated democracies. Focusing specifically on the political engagement of the Ghanaian diaspora (first –and-second generations) in UK politics and transnational political engagement of first-generation Ghanaians towards Ghana, also returnee diaspora political engagement in Accra, Ghana. Firstly, it analyses the scope and extent to which the Ghanaian diaspora identity is formed in the UK with ties to the Black British identity and its influences on the Ghanaian community voting patterns in UK politics especially during the Brexit vote in 2016. Furthermore, how does political participation in UK politics fosters integration, or integration fosters political participation of the Ghanaian community? Secondly it examines how the Ghanaian diaspora negotiates their transnational identity and political participation towards Ghana. Being disenfranchised to exercise their external voting rights, how does it impact the power relations between Ghanaian diaspora and the Ghanaian government? Thirdly, what are the role returnee diaspora play in Ghanaian politics? Are political returnees the vanguards of Ghana’s political stability?Drawing from a longitudinal and ethnographic field work investigations and analysis, in Accra and in London since 2010 coupled with focused group discussion in both locations. A semi-structured interviewees method and questionnaires were administered to respondents in both locations to ascertain how the diasporic and returnee populationJamila HAMIDU-YAKUBU Doctoral Thesis in Political Science 2021 5perceive the lack of diaspora political participation in the context of Ghana’s democratisation processes. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the historic role that the Ghanaian diaspora have contributed in Ghanaian political and democratic governance and how they still contribute to Ghana’s political and democratic consolidation. The fieldwork analysis has demonstrated that the Ghanaian diaspora still remains an important component of development in Ghana both politically and economically. The fieldwork results have also illustrated the contribution of Ghanaian diaspora in UK political diversity
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Skulte, Jennifer Annemarie. "Returned diaspora, national identity and political leadership in Lativa and Lithuania." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2475.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Kerbabian, Shant. "A Long Way Home : Spontaneous Returns and Potential Returns of Syrian Refugees Examined." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84663.

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The recent wave of Syrian refugees’ spontaneous return to conflict areas in Syria is not a new phenomenon, various cases of return to areas that do not meet safety and security standards has happened in cases like Somali refugees returning from Kenya or Angolan refugees returning from Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the Syrian case is important to study in order to examine any new patterns or elements in refugee returns that could arise or could be unpacked. This study examines Syrian refugees’ spontaneous returns, to what is considered by the international community as unsafe Syria and discusses the reasons for return that were provided by refugees returning currently and refugees who answer the question of return. The study finds that the notion of “home” and “homeland” are amongst the most influential when it comes to the decision to return coupled with push factors like livelihood issues and discrimination in host countries, in addition to pull factors from country of origin like amnesty regarding military conscription. The study finds that refugees not returning do so due to starting a new life, not having guarantees of safety and having lost everything in their home country. The study confirms King’s (2000) argument regarding home country pull factors having a bigger influence in impacting refugee returns. This study uses discourse analysis as a method using the proposed framework of Teun A. van Dijk’s (1985, 2011), the primary data source are interviews by Syrian refugees on YouTube in the Arabic Language. YouTube was chosen due to the role it played throughout the Syrian uprising in providing news to Syrians. The analysis of the data will use a four-dimensional framework which dissects push and pull factors, then examines them through the transnational and diaspora theories for refugee returns and has the place-identity theory as an overall starting point. The study concludes by recommending the international community pays more attention to the psychological factors from the home country so interventions and programmes of return make sure refugees are safe, protected and not falsely lured into return.
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Essien, Kwame. "African diaspora in reverse : the Tabom people in Ghana, 1820s-2009." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28719.

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The early 1800s witnessed the exodus of former slaves from Brazil to Africa. A number of slaves migrated after gaining manumission. Others were deported after they were accused of committing various “crimes” and after slave rebellions. These returnees established various communities and identities along the coastline of West Africa, but Historians often limit the scope to communities that developed in Benin, Togo and Nigeria. My dissertation fills in this gap by highlighting the obscured history of the Tabom people—the descendants of Afro-Brazilian returnees in Ghana. The study examines the history of the Tabom people to show the various ways they are constructing their identities and how their leaders are forging ties with the Brazilian government, the Ghanaian government, and institutions such as UNESCO. The main goal of the Tabom people is to preserve their history, to underscore the significance of sites of memories, and to restore various historical monuments within their communities for tourism. The economic consciousness contributed to the restoration of the “Brazil House” in Accra which was opened for tourism on November 15, 2007, after a year of repairs through the support of the Brazilian Embassy and various institutions in Ghana. This watershed moment not only marked an important historical event and the birth of tourism within the Tabom community, but epitomized decades of attempts to showcase the history of the Afro-Brazilian community which has been obscured in Ghanaian school curriculum and African diaspora history. My central thesis is that the initiatives by the Tabom people are not only influenced by economic interests, but also by the need to express the “dual” identities that underlie what it means to the “Ghanaian-Brazilian.” The efforts by the Tabom leaders to project their dual heritage, led to the visit by Brazilian President Luiz Inácios Lula da Silva “Lula” in April 2005, who also graciously supported the restoration of the “Brazil House.” Through these interactions Lula extended an invitation to the Tabom chief and members of the community to visit Brazil for the first time. This dissertation posits that Lula’s invitation highlight notions that the African Diaspora is an unending journey.
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Yamashiro, Jane Hisa. "When the diaspora returns : Transnational racial and ethnic identity formation among Japanese Americans in global Tokyo." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20895.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.
Japanese American migration to Japan is a specific type of transnational movement: that of an ethnic group to its ancestral homeland. As a framework for comparatively discussing multiple constructions of Japaneseness in the United States and Japan, to flesh out the complexities of Japanese American "ethnic return" experiences in Japan, I theorize "Japanese" as what I call a heterogeneous global ethnic group---an ethnic group that spans national borders and is internally diverse. This concept is similar to the notion of diaspora in some ways but can enable a discussion of Japanese American migration to Japan that diaspora cannot.
This dissertation examines how Japanese Americans reconstruct their racial and ethnic identities through migration to Japan. Using a transnational framework, I show how identity constructions in Japan emerge from a combination of new experiences interacting with people in Japan, and past experiences in the United States that continue to shape self-perceptions. I use the case of Japanese Americans in Japan to reconsider how the concepts of race and ethnicity can be used to develop a comparative framework for discussing global constructions of race and ethnicity. My findings are based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork in Japan, including 50 qualitative interviews with Japanese Americans living in the Tokyo area.
Three types of identity formations among Americans of Japanese ancestry in Japan can be discerned. First, Japanese Americans from the U.S. continent who can phenotypically blend into Japanese society tend to reconstruct what I term "racialized national identities" as "Japanese Americans" in Japan. Second, ethnic Japanese from Hawai'i reconstruct "Hawai'i" identities while in Japan. Finally, mixed race Japanese Americans must grapple with the category of "hafu," which is gaining increasing social recognition in Japan.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves xxx-xxx).
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
281 leaves, bound 29 cm
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Books on the topic "Returnees diaspora"

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Prah, K. K. Back to Africa: Afro-Brazilian returnees and their communities. Rondebosch: CASAS, 2009.

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Prah, K. K. Back to Africa: Afro-Brazilian returnees and their communities. Rondebosch: CASAS, 2009.

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Ababio: (he/she who was away and has returned) : a 21st century anthology of African diasporan returnees to Ghana. Cape Coast, Ghana: One Africa Tours and Speciality Services, 2009.

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Tsuda, Takeyuki, and Changzoo Song, eds. Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5.

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Bai nian hai gui, chuang xin Zhongguo: Chuang zao Zhongguo di yi, ying xiang Zhongguo jin cheng de bai nian hai gui feng yun lu. Beijing Shi: Ren min chu ban she, 2014.

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Waters, Johanna. Education, migration, and cultural capital in the Chinese diaspora: Transnational students between Hong Kong and Canada. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2008.

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Mukherjee, Sumita. Nationalism, education, and migrant identities: The England-returned. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Mukherjee, Sumita. Nationalism, education, and migrant identities: The England-returned. Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Nationalism, education, and migrant identities: The England-returned. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Williams, Nick. The Diaspora and Returnee Entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190911874.001.0001.

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This book analyses the role that the diaspora play when returning as entrepreneurs to their homeland. Returnee entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who have moved away from their home country and lived as part of the diaspora, and have later returned home to live, invest, or both. With increased movements of people around the world, the role of transnational economic activity is becoming ever more significant, yet little is still understood about the motivations and contribution of those who return to their homeland to undertake entrepreneurial activity. The book examines return to post-conflict economies, with the returnees initially forced to move due to war. In doing so, it examines policy approaches to return and the intentions of returnees, and highlights the important role that emotional attachment plays in harnessing return. The book recognises the undoubted potential of diaspora entrepreneurs to benefit their homeland. Yet it also recognises the challenges in doing so. Not all diaspora entrepreneurship will be beneficial. Not all policy interventions will be effective, despite good intentions. Yet the lessons contained within this book are that by understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with diaspora return entrepreneurship, more effective strategies can be put in place.
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Book chapters on the topic "Returnees diaspora"

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Saar, Maarja. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Estonian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 161–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_9.

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Abstract This chapter describes how the Estonian state’s diaspora policy has moved away from being purely culture-centred towards a more business-focused initiative. The policy has undergone few changes during the last decade and still does not focus on social protection. The state does offer basic social protection and consular services by agreement with a few countries, such as the Russian Federation. The lack of Estonian state provided social protection to nationals abroad is counteracted, in some countries, by localized national organizations which the Estonian state may or may not fund. However, an important shift is taking place in the provision of Estonian language courses and cultural programmes to support returnees and their non-Estonian family members.
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Bharte, Umesh L. "The Role of Highly Skilled Diaspora and Returnees in India’s Development: Data Collection Strategies and Survey Methods." In Indian Skilled Migration and Development, 115–59. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1810-4_6.

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Tsuda, Takeyuki. "Korean Diasporic Returns." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_1.

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Tsuda, Takeyuki. "When the Diaspora Returns Home." In A Companion to Diaspora and Transnationalism, 172–89. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118320792.ch10.

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Kweon, Sug-In. "Ethnic Korean Returnees from Japan in Korea: Experiences and Identities." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 99–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_6.

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Lim, Timothy C., Dong-Hoon Seol, and Atsuko Sato. "Neither “Fish nor Fowl”: An Examination of South Korea’s Diaspora Engagement Policies." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 35–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_3.

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Park, Christian J. "Ethnic Return Migration of Miguk Hanin (Korean Americans): Entanglement of Diaspora and Transnationalism." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 121–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_7.

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Chung, Erin Aeran. "Ethnic Return Migration and Noncitizen Hierarchies in South Korea and Japan." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 179–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_10.

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Tsuda, Takeyuki. "Japanese American Ethnic Return Migration Across the Generations." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 199–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_11.

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Lee, Sangmi. "Alternatives to Diasporic Return: Imagining Homelands and Temporary Visits Among Hmong Americans." In Diasporic Returns to the Ethnic Homeland, 219–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90763-5_12.

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