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Firmansyah, Dian, Nurmala Ahmar, and JMV Mulyadi. "The Effect of Leverage, Size, Liquidity, Operating Cash Flow on Fixed Asset Revaluation." Indonesian Accounting Review 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v7i1.816.
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This study tries to prove empirically the effect of leverage, size, liquidity and operating cash flows on the revaluation of fixed assets. It used a sample of all non-financial companies, which revalued assets in the periode of 2012-2015, at companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange with upward revaluation category. The analysis was done using Path analysis (PLS) without requiring classical assumption and normality test. The results show that leverage affects Asset revaluation, it proves that high leverage because the company to do revaluation of fixed assets, large companies tend to want to display earnings reports that are not too large to reduce their political costs, with asset revaluation, the value of depreciation is calculated Repeated and reduce the company's profit. Operating cash flows affect the revaluation of fixed assets on the grounds that the company requires funds to pay its obligations as well as in revaluation assets cost a great deal for the appraisal services, audit fees and final tax payments. Yet, liquidity has no effect on the revaluation of fixed assets, Within the last 4 years, the study found that users of the Asset revaluation model reporting in Other Comprehensive Income continue to grow and are expected to become financial statements that have superiority and good quality by reporting fair value. In the next research to add the number of variables on Asset revaluation, as well as expand the sample by involving the company revaluation and non revaluation. In addition, to examine the development of asset revaluation, especially in ASEAN countries related to the adoption of IFRS in the case of fixed asset revaluation.Keyword: Leverage, Size, Liquidity, Cash Flow from operation, and Revaluations Assets.
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Pribadi, Chandra, and Nurmiati Nurmiati. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ATAS MODEL REVALUASI ASET TETAP SESUAI PSAK NO. 16 (REVISI 2007) DAN DAMPAK PERPAJAKANNYA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PAJAK." JIAFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi) 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v2i1.535.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how the impact of revaluation of fixed assets to corporate taxation. This research was conducted in PDAM Tirta Jaya Mandiri Sukabumi. The method of analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative non-statistical (non Descriptive Statistics). The results of the research that revaluation memiliiki impact on the final income tax where the impact of the activities of revaluation of fixed assets is the excess of the revaluation of fixed assets subject to final tax of 10%. Companies can save on taxes by 7% (assuming the petition filed since October 31, 2015 until December 31, 2015 and charged at 3%). Companies can save on taxes by 6% (assuming the petition filed since January 1, 2016 until the date of June 30, 2016 and charged at 4%) or save 4% (assuming the petition filed since July 1, 2016 until December 31, 2016 and charged at 6%). Discount rate provided by the government in 2015 was never used by the company, whereas the discount rate is the opportunity for the company to undertake the revaluation (revaluation) of fixed assets. Companies should consider doing a reassessment (revaluation) on fixed assets in return taking into account the positive impact for the company arising from such activities.Keywords: PSAK No.16, Revaluation of Fixed Assets, Fixed Asset Revaluation Impact.
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Ku, Min Hyung, and Khee Su Bae. "Motives and Frequency of Revaluation for Companies that have Selected a Revaluation Model." Academic Society of Global Business Administration 15, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2018.15.4.165.
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Kozhukhіvska, Raisa, Mikhail Shemyakin, Irina Udovenko, and Natalia Verniuk. "The innovation principles of economic model of the cadastral land valuation for business activity." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-1).2017.09.
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The aim of the article is to study, analyze and develop methods of the land cadastral valuation activity in the implementation of the procedure on revaluation of land facilities and operational adjustments, as well as to upgrade land evaluation results as a constantly functioning system for the effective planning of business activities for Cherkasy region in The aim of the article is to study, analyze and develop methods of the land cadastral valuation activity in the implementation of the procedure on revaluation of land facilities and operational adjustments, as well as to upgrade land evaluation results as a constantly functioning system for the effective planning of business activities for Cherkasy region in Ukraine. The cadastral evaluation must consider the market situations and trends the most. Frequency terms of the cadastral valuation for each of land categories and groups should be reviewed and individualized. The article analyzes the mechanism and features of types of work on updating the state cadastral land valuation in populated localities in Ukraine, in particular of Cherkasy region, for the first time. The authors found that the main drawback of types of work on the economic model of cadastral land valuation in populated localities is the duration of time intervals between rounds of the revaluation that causes a rapid information aging. The reason for this situation is related to the financial support of types of work and their large scale. The practical importance of research consists in conducting the revaluation (updating) of cadastral of land condition by Uman, as one of the most important objects of trade and consumer services in Cherkasy region in Ukraine. The cost of one square meter of such objects will increase, which will allow to increase the tax component in proportion and increasing profitability of budgets at the cluster level owing to actualization of the specific indicator of the cadastral value.
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Davey, Graham C. L. "Trauma Revaluation, Conditioning, and Anxiety Disorders." Behaviour Change 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005477.
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This paper describes a two-component conditioning model of anxiety disorders whose two main components are an associative process and a process which determines the evaluation of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). It is argued that the inclusion of UCS revaluation processes enables conditioning models to explain a variety of anxiety-related phenomena that hitherto had been difficult to explain solely in associative terms. In particular, (a) experiments are described which suggest that incubation of the conditioned response (CR) can be explained in terms of processes contributing to UCS inflation, (b) the experimental evidence on UCS revaluation is assessed in relation to cognitive processes that might lead to trauma revaluation within specific anxiety disorders, and (c) the role of personality factors in effecting UCS and trauma revaluation is discussed.
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Hladika, Mirjana, Damir Gulin, and Ivana Bernat. "Revaluation as a Model of Subsequent Measurement of Property, Plant, and Equipment – Case of Croatia." Croatian Economic Survey 23, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15179/ces.23.1.3.
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Accounting standards allow the application of two models for subsequent measurement of property, plant, and equipment, and those are the cost model and the revaluation model. The application of a certain model depends on the manager’s choice of accounting policy. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the application of the revaluation model for subsequent measurement of property, plant, and equipment in Croatian companies. Further goals are to examine how the fair value for revalued assets is determined, and what the level is of disclosed information about the determined fair value and the revaluation. The theoretical part of the paper analyzes different models for measurement of property, plant, and equipment, the issue of determining fair value, and disclosure requirements according to national and international accounting standards. The empirical part of the paper is conducted on 500 large and medium-sized Croatian companies from the service (utilities), production, and tourism sectors. Particular attention is placed on the notes to the financial statements of these companies. The research covers the period from 2014 to 2018. Collected data are analyzed by using descriptive statistics methods, point-biserial correlation, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
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Indra, Indra. "THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE REVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT FIXED ASSETS." Jurnal Tata Kelola dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28986/jtaken.v6i2.469.
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The central government has implemented a government fixed asset revaluation policy. The main objective of the policy is to present the fair value of fixed assets in the government's financial statements. However, the results of fixed asset revaluation are not accepted by the BPK and must be corrected and recorded in the government financial statements for the 2019 fiscal year. Competent human resources and the use of information technology are considered two factors needed to achieve the revaluation objectives. This study was conducted to determine the level of significance of these two factors by distributing questionnaires to BMN officers and assessors from 82 ministries/agencies throughout Indonesia. The research data were processed by path analysis method using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) partial least squares (PLS) through Smart PLS 3.3.2 software used to assess measurement models and research structural models. The results of data processing concluded that the competence of human resources and information technology has a significant effect on the revaluation of government fixed assets. However, information technology needs to be improved again because the significance value is only half that of the human resources competency value.
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Yulistia M, Resti, Nurul Dwi Septiyani, Arie Frinola Minovia, and Yunilma Yunilma. "Leverage, Arus Kas Operasi, Ukuran Perusahaan, Intensitas Aset Tetap dan Revaluasi Aset Tetap." Wahana Riset Akuntansi 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/wra.v9i1.111817.
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Since Indonesian accounting standards allow companies to choose between cost model and revaluation model on their fixed asset, there are still few companies that revalued their assets. This study examines what factors make banking companies choose to revaluate fixed asset, that are contracting factors (leverage, operating cash flow), political factors (firm size) and asymmetry information (intensity of fixed assets). By using logistic regression, the result of this study showed that firm size and fixed asset intensity had a positive effect on the company choice to revaluate fixed assets, while leverage had a negative effect on fixed asset revaluation. This study support early research with regard to contracting, political cost and asymmetry information. This study failed to find the effect of operating cash flow on fixed asset revaluation. Based on the results of this study, banks should consider leverage, company size and the intensity of fixed assets more than cash flow when choosing to revaluate fixed assets. Keywords: Leverage; Operating Cash Flow; Size Firm; Fixed Asset Intensity; Fixed Asset Revaluation
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Dayan, Peter, and Kent C. Berridge. "Model-based and model-free Pavlovian reward learning: Revaluation, revision, and revelation." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 14, no. 2 (March 20, 2014): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0277-8.
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De Houwer, Jan, and Tom Beckers. "Higher-Order Retrospective Revaluation in Human Causal Learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55, no. 2b (April 2002): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990143000216.
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Previous studies demonstrated that participants will retrospectively adjust their ratings about the relation between a target cue and an outcome on the basis of information about the causal status of a competing cue that was previously paired with the target cue. We demonstrate that such retrospective revaluation effects occur not only for target cues with which the competing cue was associated directly, but also for target cues that were associated indirectly with the competing cue. These second-order and third-order retrospective revaluation effects are compatible with certain implementations of the probabilistic contrast model and with a modified, extended comparator model, but cannot be explained on the basis of a revised Rescorla—Wagner model or a revised SOP model.
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Syafiqurrahman, Muhammad, Doddy Setiawan, Sri Suranta, and Djoko Suhardjanto. "THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON FIXED ASSETS REVALUATION WITH TAX INCENTIVES AS MODERATING VARIABLES." JOURNAL OF AUDITING, FINANCE, AND FORENSIC ACCOUNTING 6, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jaffa.v6i1.4327.
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This study aims to determine the effect of ownership structure on fixed assets revaluation with tax incentives as a moderate variable. The ownership structure is indicated by firm size, fixed assets intensity, price ratio to book value and leverage. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the annual report of companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) which amounted to 198 manufacturing companies in 2014 and 2015. This research uses sampling method that is purposive sampling with logistic analysis model. The results of this study indicate that firm size, fixed asset intensity, and leverage have no effect on fixed assets revaluation, while price ratio to book value negatively affects fixed asset revaluation. In addition, tax incentives are not a moderate variable.
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Connor, Patrick C., Vincent M. Lolordo, and Thomas P. Trappenberg. "An elemental model of retrospective revaluation without within-compound associations." Learning & Behavior 42, no. 1 (June 29, 2013): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-013-0112-z.
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Kurdi, Benedek, Samuel J. Gershman, and Mahzarin R. Banaji. "Model-free and model-based learning processes in the updating of explicit and implicit evaluations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 12, 2019): 6035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820238116.
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Evaluating stimuli along a good–bad dimension is a fundamental computation performed by the human mind. In recent decades, research has documented dissociations and associations between explicit (i.e., self-reported) and implicit (i.e., indirectly measured) forms of evaluations. However, it is unclear whether such dissociations arise from relatively more superficial differences in measurement techniques or from deeper differences in the processes by which explicit and implicit evaluations are acquired and represented. The present project (totalN= 2,354) relies on the computationally well-specified distinction between model-based and model-free reinforcement learning to investigate the unique and shared aspects of explicit and implicit evaluations. Study 1 used a revaluation procedure to reveal that, whereas explicit evaluations of novel targets are updated via model-free and model-based processes, implicit evaluations depend on the former but are impervious to the latter. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated the robustness of this effect to (i) the number of stimulus exposures in the revaluation phase and (ii) the deterministic vs. probabilistic nature of initial reinforcement. These findings provide a framework, going beyond traditional dual-process and single-process accounts, to highlight the context-sensitivity and long-term recalcitrance of implicit evaluations as well as variations in their relationship with their explicit counterparts. These results also suggest avenues for designing theoretically guided interventions to produce change in implicit evaluations.
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Krzyżanowski, Julian. "The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.4.95.
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There are similarities between standard trade model and Marshall-Lerner condition. However, in order to see whether the condition can work both ways (with decrease and increase of the currency exchange rate), and the properties of this model could be thoroughly utilized, the revaluation case is being considered. The J-curve effect is also being examined. Looking at further research ideas, the Marshall–Lerner condition could be a complimentary tool in explaining the standard model.
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Karapavlovic, Nemanja, Vladimir Obradovic, and Jasmina Bogicevic. "The use of historical cost and fair value for property and plant and equipment measurement: Evidence from the Republic of Serbia." Ekonomski anali 65, no. 227 (2020): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2027095k.
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The aim of the paper is to reveal how financial statement preparers in the developing and transition country of the Republic of Serbia, behave in situations where they can choose between the valuation model based on historical cost and the valuation model based on fair value. In that regard, we have analysed the subsequent measurement of property and plant and equipment in Serbia. We find that companies are more likely to choose the historical cost model than the revaluation model (the model based on fair value) for owner-occupied properties and plant and equipment, and the fair value model rather than the historical cost model for investment properties. The willingness to use the revaluation model for subsequent measurement of owner-occupied properties and plant and equipment varies across different categories of companies, and we find a statistically significant relationship between that willingness and the legal form of the company. We also find that in the notes to their financial statements, a significant number of companies in Serbia do not disclose adequate information on the model used for subsequent measurement of property and plant and equipment, although such information is required by the applicable financial reporting standards.
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Connor, Patrick C., Vincent M. Lolordo, and Thomas P. Trappenberg. "Erratum to: An elemental model of retrospective revaluation without within-compound associations." Learning & Behavior 42, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-013-0132-8.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Revaluation of Student Failure Reasons Using Non-Additive Methods." Baghdad Science Journal 14, no. 4 (December 3, 2017): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.14.4.816-819.
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In this paper, An application of non-additive measures for re-evaluating the degree of importance of some student failure reasons has been discussed. We apply non-additive fuzzy integral model (Sugeno, Shilkret and Choquet) integrals for some expected factors which effect student examination performance for different students' cases.
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Hussain, Ijaz. "The Paradox of Rising Dividend Payouts in a Recession: Evidence from Pakistan." Lahore Journal of Business 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/ljb.2013.v1.i2.a5.
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This paper applies a probit model to a panel of 319 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange over the period 1999–2010, and finds that changes in inflation have a statistically significant, positive impact on the probability of paying cash and bonus dividends. Inflation induces firms to revalue their assets, which raises their distributable revaluation surplus. This, in turn, serves as a good buffer when distributing cash and bonus dividends, especially during periods of high inflation and the low profitability of firms during a recession. Bonus dividend distribution becomes relatively more attractive for firms in such a scenario because these enhance debt capacity (collateral) through the revaluation of assets and reduce the debt-equity ratio. We also highlight other factors that contribute to the probability of paying cash and bonus dividends.
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Sudradjat, Sudrajat, Nurmala Ahmar, and JMV Mulyadi. "Pengaruh Leverage, Arus kas Operasi, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Fixed Asset Intensity terhadap Keputusan Revaluasi Aset tetap (Studi Empiris pada Bank Umum yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2012 s.d. 2016)." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 5, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v5i2.84.
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Implementation of financial statement preparation for public companies in Indonesia has shifted from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) starting in 2012. GAAP practices emphasize to users to find the best terms for a transaction, while IFRS emphasizes principles of fair value in the presentation of financial statements. The Financial Position Report which has adopted IFRS requires that the fixed assets be presented at fair value, so that the financial statements presented to external parties reflect the current value of fixed assets owned by the company.
This study aims to investigate the effect of leverage, operating cash flow, firm size and fixed asset intensity to the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation. Commercial Bank that became the object of research is a commercial bank listed on the BEI with observation period starting in 2012 - 2016. Independent variable are leverage, operating cash flow, firm size and fixed asset intensity. Testing on the research model using Hosmer & Lemeshow Test, Omnibus, Nagelker R Square. While testing the hypothesis using Logistic Regression Test. The results of the analysis in hypotesis testing showed that leverage, firm size and fixed asset intensity significantly influence the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation. While operating cash flow has no effect on the decision of commercial banks to conduct a revaluation.
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Aitken, Michael R. F., and Anthony Dickinson. "Simulations of a modified SOP model applied to retrospective revaluation of human causal learning." Animal Learning & Behavior 33, no. 2 (May 2005): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196059.
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Chen, Peter F., and Guochang Zhang. "Segment Profitability, Misvaluation, and Corporate Divestment." Accounting Review 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.1.1.
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This paper develops a theoretical model to explain corporate divestment in the context of accounting-based valuation and provides empirical evidence to support the model's predictions. Building on Zhang's (2000) real-options-based equity value model, we develop a model to explain why firms with multiple business segments may have incentives in financial reporting to shift earnings from one segment to another to influence market valuation. Cross-segment earnings shifting, however, causes information asymmetry about segmental performance, which leads to market misvaluation. Divestment arises as a voluntary commitment by (some) firms to not engage in segmental earnings manipulation, with the aim of restoring valuation accuracy. Our theoretical analysis yields a number of testable implications. Consistent with our model's predictions, we find empirically that (1) divestment is preceded by an increased divergence in profitability between the divested and continuing segments of the divesting firm, (2) there are positive abnormal stock returns surrounding divestment announcements that are not dependent on increased expectations about future operating performance, (3) the magnitude of market revaluation increases with the profitability divergence between the divested and continuing segments, and (4) market revaluation is greater for more complex firms (in terms of having a larger number of segments and greater uncertainty facing investors).
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LO, C. F., P. H. YUEN, and C. H. HUI. "OPTION RISK MEASUREMENT WITH TIME-DEPENDENT PARAMETERS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 03, no. 03 (July 2000): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024900000668.
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In value-at-risk (VaR) methodology of option risk measurement, the determination of market values of the current option positions under various market scenarios is critical. Under the full revaluation and factor sensitivity approach which are accepted by regulators, accurate revaluation and precise factor sensitivity calculation of options in response to significant moves in market variables are important for measuring option risks in terms of VaR figures. This paper provides a method for pricing equity options in the constant elasticity variance (CEV) model environment using the Lie-algebraic technique when the model parameters are time-dependent. Analytical solutions for option values incorporating time-dependent model parameters are obtained in various CEV processes. The numerical results, which are obtained by employing a very efficient computing algorithm similar to the one proposed by Schroder [11], indicate that the option values are sensitive to the time-dependent volatility term structures. It is also possible to generate further results using various functional forms for interest rate and dividend term structures. From the analytical option pricing formulae, one can achieve more accuracy to compute factor sensitivities using more realistic term-structures in volatility, interest rate and dividend yield. In view of the CEV model being empirically considered to be a better candidate in equity option pricing than the traditional Black–Scholes model, more precise risk management in equity options can be achieved by incorporating term-structures of interest rates, volatility and dividend into the CEV option valuation model.
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Hughes, Susan B., Suzanne Lowensohn, and Elise Tefre. "Portable Power: An Application of IAS 16 Including Self-Constructed Assets and the Revaluation Model." Issues in Accounting Education 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-52391.
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ABSTRACT This teaching case focuses on a privately owned Swiss company that produces and sells high-energy chews favored by European athletes. External investors recently expressed interest in the company. Management hired an international public accounting firm and is currently preparing its first set of audited International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial statements. The auditors question management's fair value estimations for the land and production equipment, as well as the accuracy of capitalized greenhouse costs included in operating assets. The case emphasizes the need to consult IFRS, form judgments and estimates when determining financial statement content, and draft appropriate note disclosures. Students are also exposed to the complexities of accounting for agricultural assets, a category not often included in financial accounting courses. After working through this case, students should be able to measure fair value and determine the reliability of valuation inputs, appropriately capitalize assets, and draft necessary disclosures.
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Loncan, Tiago Rodrigues, and João Frois Caldeira. "Foreign portfolio capital flows and stock returns: a study of Brazilian listed firms." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 45, no. 4 (December 2015): 859–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-416145456tlj.
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Abstract This study analyzed the effect of foreign portfolio capital flows on stock returns of Brazilian listed firms through a 6-factors APT model, in which an additional risk factor for foreign portfolio capital flows was included. First, an aggregate analysis was conducted. The partial effect of foreign portfolio capital flows on the IBOVESPA index’s returns was statistically significant and positive. Next, a disaggregate analysis was also implemented, in which portfolios of stocks were sorted by sector of economic activity, level of risk and level of corporate governance. Foreign portfolio capitals caused increases in returns especially for sectors related to commodities, industry and cyclical consumption. For the portfolios sorted by risk (in which the stocks’ betas were used as a risk parameter for sorting), foreign capitals increased the returns of mid-high and high beta portfolios, but decreased the returns of low and low-mid beta portfolios. For corporate governance portfolios, the firms listed on the Novo Mercado segment (according to BMF&Bovespa criteria) experienced a statistically significant revaluation effect. Overall, the results of the study provide support to the revaluation effect hypothesis.
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LU, XINHONG, KEN-ICHI KAWAI, and KOICHI MAEKAWA. "ESTIMATING BIVARIATE GARCH-JUMP MODEL BASED ON HIGH FREQUENCY DATA: THE CASE OF REVALUATION OF THE CHINESE YUAN IN JULY 2005." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 27, no. 02 (April 2010): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595910002697.
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This paper analyzes the behavior of one-minute high-frequency time-series data of exchange rates for five currencies (Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Euro, and Pound Sterling) against the US Dollar when the Chinese Yuan was revalued on July 21st, 2005. The data show the following distinctive features: (1) There is a large jump in the exchange rates time series at the time of the Yuan revaluation. (2) Large volatility in the returns of exchange rates is observed for a while after the jump. (3) There are many other jumps, possibly correlated, in each exchange rate time series. To capture these features we fit the following models to the data: (i) a univariate GARCH-Jump model with a large jump that is influential on volatility, and (ii) a bivariate GARCH-Jump model with correlated Poisson jumps. For comparison, we also estimate these GARCH models without the associated jumps. The model performance is evaluated based on Value-at-Risk (VaR).
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., Harun, Wardah Yuspin, and Handoyo . "REVALUATION HARMONIZATION: DIGGING THE SOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MARKET CONFLICTS IN SURAKARTA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7322.
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Purpose of Study: The research aims to determine: 1) the policy implementation of legal protection of traditional markets in Surakarta, and 2) The causes of conflict between traditional markets and modern markets in Surakarta.Methodology: The research used the sociological juridical approach with traditional markets in Surakarta as the study population. The sampling technique was purposive sampling by classifying the market class with sub-populations based on the homogeneous typology.Results: The results of this research were: (1) the implementation of legal protection of traditional markets in Surakarta included the preventive, repressive, and functional legal protection, (2) the causes of conflict between the modern and traditional markets in Surakarta examined from juridical normative and sociology. The conflict can be solved by preventive and repressive legal protection.Implications/Applications: The efforts to prevent conflict in the traditional markets are in the form of regulatory and implementation. Therefore, the enforcement and legal protection model of traditional markets in Surakarta can be implemented properly.
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Musa, Ahmed Balarabe. "EVIDENCE OF AN ASYMMETRIC IMPACT OF THE DEVALUATION OF CURRENCY ON INFLATION:." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.613.
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The research is aimed at evaluating the existence of asymmetry or otherwise of the impact of devaluation of currency on inflation in Malaysia for the period 1970 – 2017. Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) was used as the evaluation econometric tool of the research. The findings of the study reveal that devaluation of currency has an inflationary impact in both short run and long run. Whereas, revaluation of currency does not have any impact neither in the short run nor in the long run. This confirms the upward flexibility of the impact of the increases in the changes in the exchange rate on inflation at the same time reaffirms its rigidity downward.
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Ordinez, Leo, Mauricio Savarro, Octavio Ascagorta, Rodrigo Cura, Carlos Buckle, Damián Barry , and Romina Stickar. "A Cyclist Traffic Simulation and Analysis Tool." Proceedings 2, no. 19 (November 2, 2018): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191220.
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The movement in favor of the use of bicycles as an alternative to mobility has been booming in the last two decades. This has been inserted within the policy of revaluation of the urban environment and improvement of the quality of life in the city. In this work we expose: an analytical model of cyclist transit, the design of a cycling simulator and a path analysis and visualization tool. The objective of this simulator is to determine the appropriate streets to install bikeways in the city of Puerto Madryn. The results of this work can be extrapolated to other intermediate cities, which present low density and high population growth, with a size of less than 150,000 inhabitants.
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CORLETT, P., M. AITKEN, A. DICKINSON, D. SHANKS, G. HONEY, R. HONEY, T. ROBBINS, E. BULLMORE, and P. FLETCHER. "Prediction Error during Retrospective Revaluation of Causal Associations in HumansfMRI Evidence in Favor of an Associative Model of Learning." Neuron 44, no. 5 (December 2, 2004): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00756-1.
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Segura, Rocio, Jamie Padgett, and Patrick Paultre. "Expected seismic performance of gravity dams using machine learning techniques." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 54, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.54.2.58-68.
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Methods for the seismic analysis of dams have improved extensively in the last several decades. Advanced numerical models have become more feasible and constitute the basis of improved procedures for design and assessment. A probabilistic framework is required to manage the various sources of uncertainty that may impact system performance and fragility analysis is a promising approach for depicting conditional probabilities of limit state exceedance under such uncertainties. However, the effect of model parameter variation on the seismic fragility analysis of structures with complex numerical models, such as dams, is frequently overlooked due to the costly and time-consuming revaluation of the numerical model. To improve the seismic assessment of such structures by jointly reducing the computational burden, this study proposes the implementation of a polynomial response surface metamodel to emulate the response of the system. The latter will be computationally and visually validated and used to predict the continuous relative maximum base sliding of the dam in order to build fragility functions and show the effect of modelling parameter variation. The resulting fragility functions are used to assess the seismic performance of the dam and formulate recommendations with respect to the model parameters. To establish admissible ranges of the model parameters in line with the current guidelines for seismic safety, load cases corresponding to return periods for the dam classification are used to attain target performance limit states.
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Poerwati, Rr Tjahjaning, Pancawati Hardiningsih, Caecilia Srimindarti, and Retno Ika Sundari. "Does the Company's Scale, Fixed Asset Intensity and Operating Cash Flow Affect Asset Revaluation?" Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi 18, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/bisnisekonomi.v18i1.3342.
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Fixed assets that are measured using cost may have lost their relevance because they do not reflect the real situation. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the company to revaluate its fixed assets. The sample of this study consisted of 426 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2018 time frame. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling. Technical analysis of the study used logistic regression. The results of this study found that only fixed asset intensity and operating cash flow affect the revaluation of fixed assets and the scale of the company does not affect the decision of the revaluation of fixed assets. The implication of the results of the study shows that large-scale companies do not always revaluate fixed assets because they can cause taxes on revaluations that must be borne by the company. In addition, the practical implications also show that the Indonesian government must increase the number of licensed appraisers to compensate for the increasing number of companies adopting revaluation models.
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Tuzova, Olga Vladimirovna. "Regional musical culture management in 1939-1945 (on materials of the Volga Region)." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761212.
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The paper deals with some problems of musical institutions management in the Volga Region in 1939 1945 on the example of 8 musical cultural models of rear, frontal and front-line types: Kuibyshev, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Saratov, Engels, Kazan, Stalingrad, Astrakhan. The author reconstructs the structure and functional complex of the management component, describes the responsibilities of the commissioners of Performances and Repertoire Control Main Department at different levels and detects the role of the Communist party in the music management of the region. The author notes instability and incomplete correspondence of the administrative board in some models as a negative factor. A significant impact on musical culture management in the region provided emergency-revaluation processes: range of competencies and staff. Changes in the geography of governance structures affected the Stalingrad model of front type. Some actual data about the material provision of the management component are provided: departments placement and employees salaries. Structural complexity of administrative areas during 1939 1945 is stated. The author restores a number of regional culture managers names and their professional affiliation.
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Gordon, Chris, and Oscar Macias. "Dark matter and pulsar model constraints from Galactic center Fermi/LAT γ-ray observations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S303 (October 2013): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314001033.
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AbstractEmploying Fermi/LAT γ-ray observations, several independent groups have found excess extended γ-ray emission at the Galactic center (GC). Both, annihilating dark matter (DM) or a population of ~ 103 unresolved millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are regarded as well motivated possible explanations. However, there is significant uncertainties in the diffuse Galactic background at the GC. We have performed a revaluation of these two models for the extended γ-ray source at the GC by accounting for the systematic uncertainties of the Galactic diffuse emission model. We also marginalize over point source and diffuse background parameters in the region of interest. We show that the excess emission is significantly more extended than a point source. We find that the DM (or pulsar population) signal is larger than the systematic errors and therefore proceed to determine the sectors of parameter space that provide an acceptable fit to the data. We found that a population of several thousand MSPs with parameters consistent with the average spectral shape of Fermi/LAT measured MSPs was able to fit the GC excess emission. For DM, we found that a pure τ+τ− annihilation channel is not a good fit to the data. But a mixture of τ+τ− and bb with a 〈σ v〉 of order the thermal relic value and a DM mass of around 20 to 60 GeV provides an adequate fit.
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Nijam, Habeeb Mohamed. "Motives for Reporting Fixed Assets at Revalued Amount: Evidence from a Developing Economy." Global Business Review 19, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 604–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917735918.
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The purpose of this study is to examine firms’ motives for reporting fixed assets at revalued amount. The study analysed 30 manufacturing firms listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) for a period of two years from 2012 to 2013, employing Mann–Whitney U test and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. It is found that manufacturing firms tend to report their property, plant and equipment (PP&E) at revalued amount, when land and building dominates their fixed assets, and firms whose PP&E is dominated by plant and machinery are inclined towards reporting fixed assets at historical cost. However, all such other factors investigated as firm size, carrying amount of PP&E ( ppe), intensity of PP&E ( ippe), returns on total assets ( roa) and return on equity ( roe) fail to explain the accounting choice between cost and revaluation models. The probability for a revaluation to occur, on the other hand, is found to be significantly and positively associated to financial leverage, indicating that highly levered manufacturing firms tend to revalue their assets, may be with the expectation of creating possibilities for additional borrowing. Further, no other variables investigated associate with the probability for a revaluation to occur, though prior researches support such association. Findings reveal that fixed assets revaluation motives may be characterized by the nature of fixed assets and their market dynamics characterized by the nature of economy in which firms operate. Findings also suggest that fair value accounting is relevant to manufacturers with high levels of land and building within their asset structure. Fixed assets revaluation motives may differ across countries which should accordingly be valued by financial analyst and investors. Future research should focus on value relevance of revaluation decision of firms in developing countries. Revaluation decisions should be analysed as first-time revaluation and frequency of subsequent revaluations. This is the first study in Sri Lanka reporting the evidence for fixed asset revaluation motives.
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Zolberg, Vera L. "OUTSIDER ART: FROM THE MARGINS TO THE CENTER?" Sociologia & Antropologia 5, no. 2 (August 2015): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752015v527.
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Abstract The world of fine arts enacted by the absolutist monarch, Louis XIV, served as a model for many other nations by setting the hierarchy of genres, rules of art that guided the demands of patrons, the criteria of quality for at least two centuries. This cultural structure was the basis for educating aspiring artists to feed the tastes of successive generations of clients. But with political, economic, social transformations, its centrality was increasingly challenged by modernizing forces. A single hierarchy became inadequate for the multiplication of status seeking groups. New institutions welcomed diverse forms, sought them out in unusual places. The single minded academic system has given way to the revaluation of the most marginal of all creators, the naïf, the non-western, the mad. The narrow vision of the salon has been succeeded by the global biennal.
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Mattei, Clara Elisabetta. "HAWTREY, AUSTERITY, AND THE “TREASURY VIEW,” 1918 TO 1925." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 40, no. 4 (December 2018): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837218000068.
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Ralph G. Hawtrey was not a man of the backwaters. Through the parallel study of Treasury files and Hawtrey’s scholarly publications, this work reveals his direct influence upon the most commanding minds of the Treasury and the Bank of England, the two institutions that, after WWI, shared primary responsibility over the British austerity agenda. After the war, Hawtrey advocated drastic budgetary and monetary rigor in the name of price stabilization. From 1922, Hawtrey admitted the need to decrease the bank rate; yet he remained an adamant supporter of the gold standard, insisting on its maintenance even if it required further monetary revaluation. Hawtrey’s policy prescriptions stemmed directly from his economic model. The “crowding-out argument,” the centrality of credit and of savings, together with the operational priority of technocratic institutions, were essential theoretical underpinnings of Hawtrey’s agenda: implementing the so-called Treasury view.
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Polyakova, O. B. "Features of Coping Professional Behavior of Social Workers Providing Assistance to Clients During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-4-81-88.
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the features of coping professional behavior of social workers who provide assistance to clients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified – above the average degree of building interpersonal interaction (models of prosocial coping nature of activity, maintaining loyalty and contact with colleagues and clients, establishing positive mutual relationships of a personal plan); design and problem solving (analytical approach to problem solving, voluntary problem-focused efforts to change stressful situations); seeking social support (a prosocial model of coping behavior, efforts to find effective, informational, material and emotional support and help from colleagues and clients); self-control (efforts to self-regulate actions and feelings). It was found that the higher the search for social support, positive revaluation and acceptance of responsibility, the higher the building of interpersonal interaction, prudent coping behaviors and acceptance of responsibility and problem solving. It has been proven that the higher the search for social support, positive reappraisal and problem solving, the lower are aggressive and manipulative actions, assertiveness and problem avoidance
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Smets, Kaat. "Revisiting the political life-cycle model: later maturation and turnout decline among young adults." European Political Science Review 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2015): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000460.
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Turnout among young adults has declined steadily in various advanced industrial democracies in recent decades. At the same time, as a consequence of delayed transitions to adulthood, many life-cycle events considered important for the development of electoral participation are experienced later in life. These combined trends call for a revaluation of the political life-cycle model and the way in which it explains voter turnout among young adults. More specifically, in this paper it is argued that variation in the timing of life events has been overlooked as an explanatory factor of generational differences in young adults’ propensity to turn out to vote. With accumulating evidence that the decision to vote is to some extent habitual, a lack of life experiences may cause young adults to form the habit to abstain rather than to vote. If the mechanisms of the life-cycle model are indeed correct, later maturation should at least partially explain why young adults these days are less inclined to vote than their parents or grandparents in their younger years. Based on the British Election Studies from 1964 to 2010, the findings of this study confirm generally observed patterns of a delayed assumption of adult roles by young citizens. This trend toward later maturation negatively affects turnout levels of young citizens. If maturation levels had remained at pre-war levels, the average turnout among Britain’s post-seventies generation would have been no less than 12 percentage points higher.
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MacDonald, James D., and Yvonne Gillette. "Communicating with Persons with Severe Handicaps: Roles of Parents and Professionals." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 11, no. 4 (December 1986): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079698601100405.
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Since 1971 the language and communication program at the Nisonger Center has integrated training, research, and program development into a unified approach to communication problems of persons with severe delays. The focus of the program is on establishing a balanced and matched communicative relationship between the child and his natural teachers. First, five stages of communication development between adult and child are identified. Second, four major developmental areas are described in relation to the establishment of social-communication habits: social play, communication, language, and conversation. Each of these areas is discussed in detail, with attention to specific problems and strategies for enhancing communication development. Implications of this model are discussed, including the need for a revaluation of the roles of parents and professionals as well as the need for recognition of the importance of social interaction between a child and significant adults in the development of language and communication.
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Milana, Carlo. "Solving the Reswitching Paradox in the Sraffian Theory of Capital." Applied Economics and Finance 6, no. 6 (October 24, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i6.4580.
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The possibility of the reswitching of techniques in Piero Sraffa’s intersectoral model, namely the recurring capital-intensive techniques with monotonic changes in the interest rate, is traditionally considered as a paradoxical violation of the assumed convexity of technology putting at stake the viability of the neoclassical theory of production. It is argued here that this phenomenon can be rationalized within the neoclassical paradigm. Sectoral interdependencies can give rise to the well-known price Wicksell effect, which is the revaluation of capital goods due to changes in relative prices triggered by monotonic variations in income distribution. The reswitching of techniques is, therefore, the result of cost-minimizing technical choices facing returning ranks of relative input prices in full consistency with the pure marginalist theory of factor rewards. The theoretical analysis proposed in this article is applied empirically to the counterexamples of various case studies presented in the literature.
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Danner, Leno Francisco. "O Ethos democrático contemporâneo: das culturas tradicionais à fusão de culturas/The Contemporary Democratic Ethos: from Traditional Cultures to Fusion of Cultures." Pensando - Revista de Filosofia 4, no. 8 (May 21, 2014): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/pensando.v4i8.1062.
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O artigo defende que, desde a segunda metade do século XX, o processo de evolução de nossas sociedades é marcado pela acelerada fusão e pela cada vez mais intensa miscigenação de culturas, que apontam para o enfraquecimento das culturas e das instituições tradicionais por causa da constituição de uma nova cultura, fundida e miscigenada, afirmadora do pluralismo e do individualismo, bases para o universalismo moral. Além disso, nesse mesmo período, a crítica ao modelo de modernização ocidental (capitalismo, racionalização), que estaria destruindo formas alternativas de sociabilidade, de relação com o mundo e de produção da vida material, passou a dar a tônica da atuação de novos movimentos sociais, grupos culturais e iniciativas cidadãs. Com isso, é possível perceber-se um aspecto político-cultural altamente emancipatório em nossas sociedades, isto é, a desconstrução das culturas e da autoridade das instituições tradicionais, bem como a necessidade de repensar-se o modelo de progresso e de desenvolvimento ocidentais, em favor da democracia, dos direitos humanos e de formas alternativas de vida, o que aponta para uma reavaliação positiva, em termos de Ocidente e mesmo do Brasil, das culturas indígenas e negras para a formação das nossas sociedades e para a superação de seus problemas.Abstract: the paper argues that, since second half of twentieth century, the process of evolution of our societies is characterized by rapid fusion and very intense miscegenation of cultures, what points to impairment of traditional cultures and institutions, because the constitution of a new culture, fused and mixed, affirming pluralism and individualism that are the basis for moral universalism. Moreover, in this same period, the critic to the western model of modernization (capitalism, rationalization), that would be destroying alternative forms of sociability, relation with de world and production of material life, become current with new social movements, cultural groups and citizen initiatives. So, it is possible to perceive a highly emancipatory political-cultural aspect in our societies, namely the deconstruction of traditional cultures and authority of institutions, in favor of the democracy, human rights and alternative forms of life that conducts to a positive revaluation, in terms of Western and even Brazil, of indigenous and black cultures to the constitution of our societies and the overcoming of their social problems. Keywords: Democracy; Fusion of Cultures; Tradition; Modernization; Revaluation.
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Bernardes, Fernando, Douglas Vieira, Vasile Palade, and Rodney Saldanha. "Winds of Change: How Up-To-Date Forecasting Methods Could Help Change Brazilian Wind Energy Policy and Save Billions of US$." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112952.
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This paper proposes a revaluation of the Brazilian wind energy policy framework and the energy auction requirements. The proposed model deals with the four major issues associated with the wind policy framework that are: long-term wind speed sampling, wind speed forecasting reliability, energy commercialization, and the wind farm profitability. Brazilian wind policy, cross-checked against other countries policies, showed to be too restrictive and outdated. This paper proposes its renewal, through the adoption of international standards by Brazilian policy-makers, reducing the wind time sampling necessary to implement wind farms. To support such a policy change, a new wind forecasting method is designed. The method is based on fuzzy time series shaped with a statistical significance approach. It can be used to forecast wind behavior, by drawing the most-likely wind energy generation intervals given a confidence degree. The proposed method is useful to evaluate a wind farm profitability and design the biding strategy in auctions.
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Herrling, Gerald, Heiko Knaack, Ralf Kaiser, and Hanz Dieter Niemeyer. "EVALUATION OF DESIGN WATER LEVELS AT THE EMS-DOLLARD ESTUARY CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF A STORM SURGE BARRIER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.43.
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In the Ems-Dollard estuary at the southern North Sea coast a revaluation of design water levels along the German dykes has become necessary, since the safety margin for sea level rise was increased by 25 cm due to a decision of the Lower Saxon Ministry for Environment and Climate Protection. The upstream part of the estuary is protected against high storm surges by a storm surge barrier. The closure of the barrier effects downstream surge water levels due to partial reflection. Deterministic-mathematical modeling is applied to evaluate design water levels and design wave run-up. Three severe storm surge events have been hindcasted by a cascade of three hierarchical models from the Continental Shelf over the German Bight into the area of interest. The models are forced by non-stationary and spatially varying data of atmospheric pressure, wind velocities and directions available of meteorological model investigations. The verification of the storm surge model with water level observations yields good agreements. With respect to legal boundary conditions, the single-value-method is applied to determine the highest expected high water level at Emden. Starting from this target water level, the wind velocities in the meteorological boundary conditions are increased with the aim to increase the surge level at the coast and to match the predetermined design water level at Emden. The responding water levels in the Ems-Dollard estuary assign the new design water levels.
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Acciaioli, Greg. "Lake and Land at Lindu: Imposition, Accommodation and Contestation in the Revaluation of Resources in Upland Central Sulawesi." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 2 (2010): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x490926.
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AbstractThis article examines how non-local frameworks and interventions have set the parameters of the local exercise of agency in regard to the use and valuing of resources in the upland valley of Lindu. Exploiting opportunities opened up by contemporary interventions, the indigenous To Lindu have revitalised their local custom (adat) as a community resource management system under the aegis of furthering conservation. This move has elicited various reactions from the migrants who have settled in Lindu in the last five decades. While largely accommodating their practices to customary regulation of fishing in Lake Lindu by the indigenous Lindu adat councils, these migrants have nevertheless continued to contest the imposition of customary restrictions on land ownership and limits on individual cultivation of land. These strategies of imposition of customary regulation by the indigenes and corresponding accommodations and contestations on the part of the migrants are also embedded in divergent definitions of Lindu as a locality, including whether resources should be governed on the model of a commons or open access regimen. The balancing through negotiations of these various valuations of Lindu and its resources — as customary territory, as open access land for development, as an enclave within a national park — will depend not only upon local initiatives, but also upon such external interventions as impending agrarian legislation that may grant national recognition to customary land. However, such external interventions will be complemented by local strategies of imposition, accommodation and contestation in forging new senses of locality.
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Londregan, John B., and Keith T. Poole. "Does High Income Promote Democracy?" World Politics 49, no. 1 (October 1996): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1996.0024.
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The authors construct a statistical model with which to test whether the regularity that democracy is more commonly found among wealthy countries stems from a democratizing effect of high income or is due entirely to other factors, such as the historical context, various features of the institutional setting, and simultaneity with the process of leadership change. Even after correcting for these many other influences, the democratizing effect of income remains as a statistically significant factor promoting the emergence of democratic political institutions. The authors go on to find that leaders' risks of losing power rise during their time in office and that these risks are higher in more democratic countries.The authors confirm the finding by Burkhart and Lewis-Beck that the democracy-promoting effect of income is stronger among the European countries. They suggest that high income has a more powerful democratizing effect among the Southern European countries because it interacts with pressure from major trading partners to democratize. This suggests a revaluation of policies designed to foster the replacement of authoritarian regimes by democratic ones through free trade.
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Strik, Oscar. "Explaining tense marking changes in Swedish verbs." Journal of Historical Linguistics 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 192–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.4.2.02str.
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This study investigates the role of analogy in the changes in inflectional classes of Swedish verbs from the Old Swedish to Modern Swedish period. Verbs in the Germanic languages are generally classed as either weak or strong according to their type of inflection, but closer examination reveals interesting subtleties and exceptions to this general picture. Furthermore, changes in inflectional class go in different directions: not only from strong to weak, but also the other way around, and between strong classes and weak classes. Two analogical computer models — Analogical Modeling (Skousen 1989) and Minimal Generalization (Albright & Hayes 2002) — are used to model a selection of 80 such changes in the history of Swedish verbs. Taking only phonological descriptions of present tense verb stems paired with their original past tense stems as input, the models attempt to predict the most likely past tense forms based on analogy. In the cases where the new outcome matches the actual changes in Swedish, the predictions are considered correct. In this way, both models predicted roughly half of all changes correctly, but 83% of the changes where a weak verb became strong. I conclude that analogy modeled in this way may play a moderate to strong role in inflection class change in general, but a particularly strong role in the case of new strong verbs. Based on these results, analogy is deserving of a revaluation as an explanatory force in diachronic linguistics.
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Korytko, Тetiana, and Iryna Bryl. "Intellectual capital of the enterprise and its evaluation in the conditions of digitalization." Economy of Industry 1, no. 93 (March 25, 2021): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.01.092.
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In modern conditions, intellectual capital is recognized as a priority type of enterprise capital. Its presence, quality and quantity serve as the key to the growth of their competitiveness and economic efficiency. Taking this into account, this article has systematized the existing methodological approaches to determining the size, dynamics and level of intellectual capital. An assessment of the value of intellectual capital is carried on the example of an enterprise with embodiment of methodological approaches recognized by the world scientific community. The result showed the existence of a tendency to a reduction of the intellectualization of assets, a low level of intellectual growth at the enterprise. The revealed state can be explained by the simultaneous effect of various factors: a low level of development and activity of the stock market in Ukraine, occasional transactions, when buying and selling shares, defines their underestimated (individual) assessment; revaluation of the value of tangible assets (primarily accounts receivable, inventories, financial assets), etc. A decomposition conceptual model for assessing intellectual capital in the context of digitalization has been developed, which will allow measuring the level of intellectual capital. The proposed model for assessing the intellectual capital of enterprises in the context of the digitalization of the economy is more effective than previously established in researches analyzed in this paper, since its implementation in practice is inherent with lower transaction costs. Also, another positive moment of this model is that the assessment process is faster and more reliable.
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POZDNYAKOV, Yuri, and Maria LAPISHKO. "CHANGES IN REAL ESTATE VALUE DYNAMICS DURING SERVICE CYCLES AS A SOURCE OF NEGATIVE PERIODIC PROPERTY DEPRECIATION." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY 19, Vol 19, No 3 (2020) (September 2020): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2020.03.535.
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Main methodological principles of mathematically describing the patterns of changes in the asset’s value/depreciation dynamics are studied in cases when economic measurements are performed by independent expert evaluation. The basic hypothesis suggests that for all tangible assets, which are characterized by redeemable depreciation, there is a possibility of negative periodic depreciation during short-term service periods when remedial and repair work to eliminate depreciation signs is carried out. The most influential price-forming factors that determine the asset’s depreciation indexes and indicators of value dynamics over long periods are identified and analysed. It is shown that when this period is comparable to the asset’s service life, most of tangible assets are characterized by both positive and negative periodic depreciation indexes at separate times. It is noted that the models used in accounting documents do not describe the actual changes in the value dynamics, and amortization in particular, since they do not take into account the possibility of increasing asset value and periodic negative depreciation. A new kind of mathematical model is proposed that takes into account the opposite signs of periodic depreciation in the operation and service periods. It is proved that the actual indicators of fair market value and periodic depreciation indexes of these types of assets can be determined by performing periodic independent expert evaluation (revaluation).
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Kress, Celina. "Beyond “Complete Urbanization:” Uncertainty, the New ‘Urban-Rural Connectivity’, and the Garden City Model." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 7 (December 25, 2016): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_7_6.
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Marxist philosopher Henri Lefebvre’s hypothesis of a “society thatresults from a process of complete urbanization,” (Lefebvre, 2003, p. 1) was first published in 1970. Lefebvre insisted on the advent of an “urban society,” and he forecasted the “complete subordination of the rural to the urban.” At the time this expressed revolutionary thinking and protest against modernist planning ideas, represented by the Athens’s Charter functional city principles or the related concept of the ‘urban landscape’ (Stadtlandschaft). Lefebvre was not the only one campaigning for the revaluation of the inherited city. The American journalist and urban activist Jane Jacobs was another influential agent of the urban. Her seminal book The Death and Life of Great American Cities already in 1961 had delivered a harsh critique of the “verities of orthodox modern city planning and architectural design” (Jacobs, 1961, p. 17), and aggressively attacked Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities of To-morrow (1902). 1 In 1970 she further went in line with Lefebvre when arguing for a new and reverse understanding of the priority of cities in early human history: “Cities First – Rural Development Later” Jacobs entitled the first chapter of her second book (Jacobs, 1969) which appeared simultaneously with Lefebvres favouritism of the urban. 2 This united campaigning in favour of the city led to a sharp polarization of the urban and the non-urban space.Subsequently we tend to generally place the city in the centre while at the same time devalorising sub-urban or rural areas. Actually, cities and their regions as well as rural areas are both affected and connected by new developments, such as: demographic changes, gentrification processes, technical innovation, changing values and lifestyles, fiscal problems, climate change and energy crisis. Against this background it is important to newly conceive and create a space of equal encounter, exchange, and co-operation of the urban and the rural. There is the thesis that modern utopias, as the Garden City model, could offer helpful advices and tools towards this aim.
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Demensky, V. I., and A. B. Usov. "MODELING OF PRIMARY ISSUES OF SHARES OF A JOINT STOCK COMPANY." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 5 (2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-40-44.
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At present, in contrast to lending and investment services, models for raising additional capital for a company by issuing shares and then placing them on the securities market are becoming more popular. This article discusses the model of issuing shares for a joint-stock company (JSC) and the subsequent purchase of their traders. The model has a two-level hierarchical structure, where the leading party is the JSC, and the lead, in turn, is the shareholders. The company determines the number of shares and their issue price. Depending on the total capitalization of the company and the nominal share price, the company’s revaluation coefficient (P/BV) is formed. This coefficient affects the General mood of shareholders in the market, who use the sale or purchase of shares to change the total capitalization of the company. The price for the current time period consists of the algebraic sum of the price for the previous time period and the total capitalization, thus, through changes in the total turnover of funds, shareholders are able to influence the share price. The main income for a shareholder is the difference between the purchase and sale of shares, as well as the payment of its dividends. For the company, the task is to maximize profits by buying shares on the stock exchange, as well as minimize losses when selling them. After describing the target functions and applying the simulation method, the optimal issue price for a fixed number of shares was found for the company. Unfortunately, the market does not lend itself to accurate forecasts due to the large influence of the human factor. Very often, shareholders can act against the rational and most profitable strategy. Despite this, this model will help to approximate the behavior of players in the stock market in subsequent development, thereby facilitating the study of price movements on the stock exchange.