Academic literature on the topic 'Revealed Preference Method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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Petit, Sylvain, and Neelu Seetaram. "Measuring the Effect of Revealed Cultural Preferences on Tourism Exports." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (2018): 1262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518807582.
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The aim of this article is to propose a novel method for measuring the effect of cultural preference on bilateral tourism receipts. The method applied is inspired from Disdier et al. (2010). Using the UNESCO classification and data on bilateral trade in cultural product, a proxy for cultural preferences is constructed. The variable is used in a gravity model for tourism export, which is estimated using a two-step procedure to avoid issues related to endogeneity. The data set used is a panel of 12 OECD countries for a period of 11 years. The variable for cultural preferences eliminates the problems with traditional methods, which by using dummy variables to account for cultural preferences, assume that the latter are time-invariant and symmetrical. The cultural variable constructed is found to be significant in explaining bilateral tourism exports with an elasticity of 0.39.
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Avery, Christopher N., Mark E. Glickman, Caroline M. Hoxby, and Andrew Metrick. "A Revealed Preference Ranking of U.S. Colleges and Universities *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 1 (2012): 425–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs043.
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Abstract We present a method of ranking U.S. undergraduate programs based on students’ revealed preferences. When a student chooses a college among those that have admitted him, that college “wins” his “tournament.” Our method efficiently integrates the information from thousands of such tournaments. We implement the method using data from a national sample of high-achieving students. We demonstrate that this ranking method has strong theoretical properties, eliminating incentives for colleges to adopt strategic, inefficient admissions policies to improve their rankings. We also show empirically that our ranking is (1) not vulnerable to strategic manipulation; (2) similar regardless of whether we control for variables, such as net cost, that vary among a college’s admits; (3) similar regardless of whether we account for students selecting where to apply, including Early Decision. We exemplify multiple rankings for different types of students who have preferences that vary systematically.
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Hasanzadeh, Kamyar, Marketta Kyttä, and Greg Brown. "Beyond Housing Preferences: Urban Structure and Actualisation of Residential Area Preferences." Urban Science 3, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010021.
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The concept of residential housing preferences has been studied across multiple disciplines, with extensive literature supporting both stated and revealed preference methods. This study argues that both preference types, stated and revealed, should be assessed concurrently to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of residential housing choices. To provide evidence, this research used findings from a public participation GIS survey that identified the stated housing preferences associated with three categories of urban residents, which were called urban “tribes”. We implemented an analytical framework using fuzzy modelling to relate stated preferences with revealed preferences for the same individuals using empirical data describing the urban structure in Tampere, Finland. Following an analysis of the relationships between residents’ revealed preferences and urban structural variables, we examined the consistency of stated housing preferences with revealed preferences. The results show considerable mismatch between the stated and revealed preferences for the urban tribes that were examined i.e., the preferred housing environment was significantly different from the actual living environment. Further, the stated preferences showed disequilibrium within the current structure of the housing supply in Tampere. The findings can have important implications for housing policy making in Tampere. Further, the use of a novel fuzzy model approach demonstrated a flexible and tolerant method for working with imprecise and variable social data to capture subtle differences. Finally, this study elaborately discusses the remaining limitations and suggests how they should be addressed in future research.
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Sugden, Robert. "Debiasing or regularisation? Two interpretations of the concept of ‘true preference’ in behavioural economics." Theory and Decision 92, no. 3-4 (2022): 765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-022-09876-x.
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AbstractI reconsider Bleichrodt, Pinto Prades and Wakker’s (BPW) 2001 paper about eliciting utility measures from stated preference surveys. That paper pioneers a method that is now widely used in behavioural economics to correct individuals’ ‘biases’ and to recover their ‘true preferences’. However, BPW propose this method as way of dealing with inconsistent responses to stated preference surveys, in contrast to more recent applications which aim to help individuals to avoid supposed mistakes in their private choices. I argue that the concepts of true preference and bias are empirically ungrounded, but that BPW’s approach can be interpreted as not invoking those concepts. By ‘regularising’ preferences revealed in actual choice, this approach constructs measures of individual welfare that are broadly aligned with actual preferences and consistent with normative standards of rationality that are appropriate for public decision-making. Public decision-makers’ normative judgements are made explicit, rather than being disguised as apparently empirical claims about true preferences.
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Hasheminejad, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, and Shabnam Gholamshahi. "PCI-PSO: Preference-Based Component Identification Using Particle Swarm Optimization." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 5 (2017): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0244.
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Abstract Nowadays, component identification is one of the main challenges of software analysis and design. The component identification process aims at clustering classes into components and subcomponents. There are a number of methods to identify components in the literature; however, most of them cannot be customized to software architect’s preferences. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose a preference-based method by the name of preference-based component identification using particle swarm optimization (PCI-PSO) to identify logical components. PCI-PSO provides a novel method to handle the software architect’s preferences using an interactive (i.e. human in the loop) search. PCI-PSO employs a customized PSO to automatically classify classes into suitable logical components and avoid the problem of identifying the proper number of components. We evaluated the effectiveness of PCI-PSO with four real-world cases. Results revealed that PCI-PSO has an ability to identify more cohesive and independent components with respect to the software architect’s preferences in comparison to the existing component identification methods.
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Mahmood, Mir Adnan, and John Rehbeck. "Correcting for Random Budgets in Revealed Preference Experiments." Games 13, no. 2 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g13020030.
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Experiments on revealed preference often use budget sets that are randomly and independently drawn according to some criteria for each participant. However, this means that the budget sets faced by different individuals are not the same. This paper proposes a method to control for these differences. In particular, we control for the “power” of different budget sets by examining the consistency of an individual’s choices relative to some simulated baseline behavior conditional on budgets faced by the individual. We apply this methodology to two existing experimental datasets. Our results show that failure to account for this variation results in a bias when looking directly at measures of choice consistency and the sign of this bias depends on the measure being used. However, controlling for this variation does not change the correlation between measures of choice consistency and observable demographic characteristics like income and education.
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Kecinski, Maik, Kent D. Messer, Lauren Knapp, and Yosef Shirazi. "Consumer Preferences for Oyster Attributes: Field Experiments on Brand, Locality, and Growing Method." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 46, no. 2 (2017): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.21.
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Oyster aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth in the United States over the past decade, but little is known about consumer preferences for oysters. This study analyzed preferences for oysters with varied combinations of brands, production locations, and production methods (aquaculture vs. wild-caught) using dichotomous choice, revealed preference economic field experiments. Results suggest significant and distinct differences in behavior between first-time and regular oyster consumers. While infrequent oyster consumers were drawn to oysters labeled as wild-caught, experienced oyster consumers preferred oysters raised via aquaculture. These findings will be valuable for growers and policymakers who invest in aquaculture to improve surrounding ecosystems.
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Gillig, Dhazn, Richard Woodward, Teofilo Ozuna, and Wade L. Griffin. "Joint Estimation of Revealed and Stated Preference Data: An Application to Recreational Red Snapper Valuation." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 32, no. 2 (2003): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005980.
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This study extends the joint estimation of revealed and stated preference data literature by accounting for truncation in the revealed preference data. The analytical model and estimation procedure are used to estimate the value of recreational red snapper fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. This recreational red snapper valuation is decomposed into its direct and indirect components. As expected, the value of recreational red snapper fishing using the joint revealed-stated preference model proposed in this analysis is bracketed on the upper limit by the value obtained using the contingent valuation method and on the lower limit by the travel cost method. The results also indicate that the joint model improves the precision of estimated recreational red snapper valuation.
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Nejad, Nasim Sahraei, and Sharghi Ali. "Utilizing a Photo-Analysis Software for Content Identifying Method (CIM)." Journal of Landscape Ecology 8, no. 1 (2015): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2015-0003.
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Abstract Content Identifying Methodology or (CIM) was developed to measure public preferences in order to reveal the common characteristics of landscapes and aspects of underlying perceptions including the individual's reactions to content and spatial configuration, therefore, it can assist with the identification of factors that influenced preference. Regarding the analysis of landscape photographs through CIM, there are several studies utilizing image analysis software, such as Adobe Photoshop, in order to identify the physical contents in the scenes. This study attempts to evaluate public’s ‘preferences for aesthetic qualities of pedestrian bridges in urban areas through a photo-questionnaire survey, in which respondents evaluated images of pedestrian bridges in urban areas. Two groups of images were evaluated as the most and least preferred scenes that concern the highest and lowest mean scores respectively. These two groups were analyzed by CIM and also evaluated based on the respondent’s description of each group to reveal the pattern of preferences and the factors that may affect them. Digimizer Software was employed to triangulate the two approaches and to determine the role of these factors on people’s preferences. This study attempts to introduce the useful software for image analysis which can measure the physical contents and also their spatial organization in the scenes. According to the findings, it is revealed that Digimizer could be a useful tool in CIM approaches through preference studies that utilizes photographs in place of the actual landscape in order to determine the most important factors in public preferences for pedestrian bridges in urban areas.
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Shamionov, Rail, Nikita Suzdaltsev, Elena Bocharova, and Yulia Akaemova. "The role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 13, no. 1 (2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.103.
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The paper analyzes the role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of social activity in the preference of online or online environment. The relevance of such a research design is related to the need to determine the determinants of the preference for the environment of social activity in a situation of total digitalization of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of values and realized forms of social activity of young people in the preference of the online/offline environment. The study involved 442 people, average age M = 21.82; SD = 6.23 (men — 33.5 %, women — 64.5 %). We have suggested that the preference for an online or offline environment may be due to involvement in various forms of activity and values, as well as their joint effect. The design of the study assumed the use of the regression method and the method of structural modeling. The following techniques were used. To identify the degree of involvement in various forms of activity, a modified questionnaire was used, built according to the type of direct scaling (Shamionov et al.), the analysis of values was carried out using the Schwartz’s technique “Portrait value questionnaire”, the degree of trust was revealed using the technique “Scale of social trust” by I. Yu. Leonova and I. N. Leonova. The determining role of the Internet-network and Internet search, leisure and subcultural (positive) and religious and sports and wellness (negative) has been established activity in preference to the online environment; sports and recreation, family, and household, cultural and mass, Internet search (positive) and protest (negative) activity in the offline environment preferences. The values of stimulation, power-dominance (positive) and tradition (negative) determine the preference for the online environment, and independence-actions, stimulation, tradition (positive) and interpersonal conformity (negative) — the preference for the offline environment. The joint effect of values and involvement in different forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment is revealed. The preference of the online environment in the implementation of social activity is associated with social distrust. The research results can be used to develop programs to balance the preferences of the activity environment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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Gailis, Janis. "A Consumer Surplus Estimate of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge : A Travel Cost Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13846.
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This thesis uses zonal travel cost method (ZTCM) to estimate consumer surplus of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge, Sweden. The study defines counties as zones of origin of the visitors. Visiting rates from each zone are estimated based on survey data. The study is novel due to the fact that mostly TCM has been applied in the environmental and recreational sector, not for short term events, like P&L festival. The analysis shows that travel cost has a significantly negative effect on visiting rate as expected. Even though income has previously shown to be significant in similar studies, it turns out to be insignificant in this study. A point estimate for the total consumer surplus of P&L festival is 35.6 million Swedish kronor. However, this point estimate is associated with high uncertainty since a 95 % confidence interval for it is (17.9, 53.2). It is also important to note that the estimated value only represents one part of the total economic value, the other values of the festival's totaleconomic value have not been estimated in this thesis.
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Svensson, Kristina. "Valuing the risk attached with living close to a hazardous waste site : the case of the BT Kemi scandal in Teckomatorp." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6408.
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<p>In this thesis I estimate a monetary value of the risk attached to living near a hazardous waste</p><p>site in the town of Teckomatorp. This site is the result of hundreds of rusty leaking barrels of</p><p>toxins being buried in the ground by the company BT Kemi in the 1970’s. Ever since then the</p><p>site has been remediated in several steps and is still contaminated today. For estimating the</p><p>perceived risk of living near this site I use a hedonic price model (HP) which is a form of a</p><p>revealed preference approach. In a HP model the price of a market good is a function of</p><p>different utility-bearing characteristics and the estimated parameters can be used to calculate</p><p>the implicit prices of these characteristics. In this case I use a data set from the National</p><p>Swedish Institute for Building Research (IBF) and regress property price on a number of</p><p>housing characteristics. I compare an estimated town-effect for Teckomatorp with the</p><p>estimates for two control towns: Billeberga and Anderslöv. I can confirm my hypothesis that,</p><p>after controlling for housing characteristics, there is a negative effect on prices of property in</p><p>Teckomatorp. I find that property prices are on average 46878 SEK lower in Teckomatorp</p><p>than in the two control towns.</p>
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Surendran, Nair Sujithkumar. "Three Essays on Watershed Modeling, Value of Water Quality and Optimization of Conservation Management." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261582121.
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Csermely, Tamás, and Alexander Rabas. "How to reveal people's preferences: Comparing time consistency and predictive power of multiple price list risk elicitation methods." Springer, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-016-9247-6.
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The question of how to measure and classify people's risk preferences is
of substantial importance in the field of economics. Inspired by the multitude of ways
used to elicit risk preferences, we conduct a holistic investigation of the most prevalent
method, the multiple price list (MPL) and its derivations. In our experiment,
we find that revealed preferences differ under various versions of MPLs as well as
yield unstable results within a 30-minute time frame. We determine the most stable
elicitation method with the highest forecast accuracy by using multiple measures
of within-method consistency and by using behavior in two economically relevant
games as benchmarks. A derivation of the well-known method by Holt and Laury
(American Economic Review 92(5):1644-1655, 2002), where the highest payoff is
varied instead of probabilities, emerges as the best MPL method in both dimensions.
As we pinpoint each MPL characteristic's effect on the revealed preference and its
consistency, our results have implications for preference elicitation procedures in
general.
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Yoo, Kwang E. "A study of Korean air passengers' choice behaviour, utilising revealed preference and stated preference methods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12610.
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Air travellers' choice behaviour is fundamental to air transport system planning. The Korean international air travel market is at an expansion stage. The objective of this study is to research the choice behaviour of Korean people for their international trips. The flight choice for long distance international travel, which takes more than ten hours of air journey time was studied through analysing stated preference (SP) data as well as revealed preference (RP) data, which were gathered by the survey of this research. The study identified the major factors influencing flight choice in the market and their relative importance by constructing logit models. Separate logit models have been calibrated with RP data and with SP data. The final conclusion was obtained from a comparison of the SP and RP model, and complementary interpretation of the results of RP data and SP data analysis. The major findings of the study are; (1) identification of journey time, air fare, service frequency, and nationality of airline as major factors influencing passengers' flight choice in the market. It is remarked that Korean nationality of airline is considerably preferred in the market. Most Koreans are not fluent in foreign languages, especially English or other European languages, and they are not accustomed to Western culture, and this results in their preference for Korean airlines. (2) estimation of the value of travel time, and other relative importance of variables. For RP data, not only coefficients of the model, but also intellectual interpretation of the data themselves was conducted because some coefficients of the RP model were not statistically significant.
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Caldas, Marco A. F. "Assessing the efficiency of revealed and stated preference methods for modelling transport demand." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309686.
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Birol, Ekin. "Valuing agricultural biodiversity on home gardens in Hungary : an application of stated and revealed preference methods." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446498/.
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This thesis contributes to the economics of conservation of agricultural biodiversity on farm with a case study on traditional Hungarian home gardens, which are microagroecosystems that are repositories of Hungary's remaining agricultural biodiversity riches, as well as of Hungarian cultural heritage. The aims of this thesis are to measure the private values of home gardens and agricultural biodiversity therein that accrue to farm families who manage them, and to investigate the effects of household, market, agro-ecological, cultural and economic factors on farm families' demand for and supply of agricultural biodiversity in their home gardens. Data on farm families' revealed and stated preferences for agricultural biodiversity in home gardens are collected from 323 farm households in 22 communities across 3 regions of Hungary, with an original farm household survey and an original choice experiment. Data are analysed with theoretical and empirical models from agricultural and environmental economics literature to identify those farm families, communities and regions that attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity and that are most likely to conserve home gardens with high levels of agricultural biodiversity. The results disclose that the most isolated communities in the country, that are economically and environmentally marginalised, are most likely to sustain and attach the highest values to traditional, agricultural biodiversity rich home garden management practices. Within these communities, farm families that are larger, have elderly decisionmakers, lower income levels and home gardens with unfavourable production conditions tend to conserve higher levels of and attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity in home gardens. Since where private values of conservation are the highest the cost of conservation would be the least, the results of this thesis may assist the national policy makers in designing efficient and cost-effective agri-environmental policies for conservation of Hungary's agricultural biodiversity riches and cultural heritage.
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Csermely, Tamás, and Alexander Rabas. "How to reveal people's preferences: Comparing time consistency and predictive power of multiple price list risk elicitation methods." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4319/1/wp185.pdf.
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The question of how to measure and classify people´s risk preferences is of substantial importance in the field of
Economics. Inspired by the multitude of ways used to elicit risk preferences, we conduct a holistic investigation of the most prevalent method, the multiple price list (MPL) and its derivations. In accordance with previous literature, we find that revealed preferences differ under various and even the same versions of the MPL. Thus, an arbitrary selection of a particular risk assessment method can lead to biased results especially if researchers investigate its connection to other phenomena. In order to resolve this issue, we determine the most stable version of the MPL by using multiple measures of within-method consistency, and the version with the highest forecast accuracy by using behavior in two economically relevant games as benchmarks. A derivation of the well-known method by Holt and Laury (2002), where the highest payoff is varied instead of probabilities, emerges as the best MPL method in both dimensions. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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O'Hara, Michael E. "Congestion effects in valuation of recreation land using revealed preference methods an application to rock climbing resources at New York's Shawangunk Ridge /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Kaprová, Kateřina. "Odhalené preference pro rekreaci v přírodě - česká a evropská perspektiva." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396286.
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K. Kaprová (2019): Revealed preferences for outdoor recreation in natural areas - Czech and European perspective Abstract of the Doctoral Dissertation The dissertation thesis focuses on the investigation and synthesis of recreation welfare benefits associated with natural areas in the Czech Republic and in Europe. The dissertation thesis consists of five case studies. These represent various geographic levels of analysis: the level of one single recreation locality, the national level that takes into account large natural recreation sites in the Czech Republic (including protected areas), and a synthesis of results of studies on the European level. The methodological approach is based on the theory of environmental economics and employs non-market valuation techniques based on methods of revealed preferences, namely the hedonic pricing method and two types of travel cost modelling. In Study I, we examine how the presence and characteristics of urban greenery affect property prices in Prague. The results confirm that proximity to greenery and its area are important determinants of housing prices in Prague, which means that residents realize the positive values provided by urban greenery, including recreational ecosystem service. Benefits to residents differ with the type of greenery. Urban forests have the...
Books on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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1956-, Herriges Joseph A., and Kling Catherine L, eds. Valuing recreation and the environment: Revealed preference methods in theory and practice. E. Elgar Pub., 1999.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wong, Stanley. Foundations of Paul Samuelson's Revealed Preference Theory: A Study by the Method of Rational Reconstruction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.
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The foundations of Paul Samuelson's revealed preference theory: A study by the method of rational reconstruction. Routledge, 2005.
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Yoo, Kwang Eui. A study of Korean air passengers' choice behaviour utilising stated preference and revealed preference methods. 1995.
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Brooker, Paul, and Margaret Hayward. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825395.003.0009.
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The Conclusion points out that the preceding seven chapters’ examples and case studies have revealed some expected, and some unexpected conclusions. The six main cases revealed some expected uniformity in the leaders’ selection of rational methods. There was less uniformity, however, in the choice of the methods they emphasized, whether due to their personal preferences or to the circumstances they were facing. Two unexpected findings were the addition of a seventh appropriate rational method—learning—and the prevalence of dual-leadership teams. The conclusion goes on to suggest that this book’s theory and approach should be applied to versions of military leadership and to the political leadership of contemporary democracies.
Book chapters on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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Boyle, Kevin J. "Introduction to Revealed Preference Methods." In A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0826-6_8.
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Cao, Zhen, Chenggong Tang, Yuping Wang, Juan Geng, and Zhun Tian. "Simulation Research on Emergency Evacuation of Subway Station Based on Latent Class Model." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5814-2_46.
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AbstractIn order to deeply study the influence of pedestrian psychological behavior on route choice in the emergency evacuation process of subway stations, and quantify the influence of pedestrian psychological heterogeneity on evacuation efficiency, this study establishes an emergency evacuation simulation model based on latent class model to describe the decision-making behavior of pedestrians. Firstly, the stated preference and revealed preference (SP&RP) survey method is used to investigate the psychological behavior of pedestrian groups and the behavior selection mode under different scenarios, and the latent class analysis (LCA) model is established to obtain the latent categories of pedestrians. Then, with the path length in the SP survey as the dependent variable, the distribution probability is obtained by using ordered multiple logistic regression. Finally, the evacuation environment is established in Anylogic for simulation and compared with the questionnaire results. The results show that the LCA model is in good agreement with the real observed values, and can better reflect the path choice behavior of evacuees in reality. There are differences in the influence degree of people with different psychological characteristics on evacuation efficiency. The calm type has the greatest influence on evacuation efficiency, followed by the autonomous type, and the influence of the mass type on evacuation efficiency can be ignored.
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Tsuge, Takahiro, Yasushi Shoji, and Ayumi Onuma. "Assessing Public Preference for Construction of Giant Seawalls Using the Best–Worst Scaling Approach." In Ecological Research Monographs. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_24.
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AbstractGiant seawalls have been constructed in areas stricken by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake to protect nearby townships from tsunamis, but their construction has caused great controversy. This study conducted a survey using the best–worst scaling (BWS) method in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures, where the seawalls are constructed to understand what specific factors citizens think should be taken into consideration during construction. The results revealed that the negative impacts on the natural environment and seawall height (safety) were ranked most highly. Additionally, the results of regression analysis with respondents’ B-W scores for the negative impacts on the natural environment and seawall height (safety) as the explained variables demonstrated that people who less strongly recognized the need for a seawall were more likely to think the negative impact on the natural environment should be taken into consideration than did people who strongly recognized the need for a seawall; however, people who did not know much about seawalls were more likely to think seawall height should be considered than people who did. The regression analysis also found that people who more strongly felt there was a need to build seawalls were more likely to think seawall height should be a key consideration, whereas people who personally had suffered harm in the tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake were more likely to think seawall height should be a key consideration than did those who were not personally affected.
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Omori, Yui, Koichi Kuriyama, Takahiro Tsuge, Ayumi Onuma, and Yasushi Shoji. "Coastal Community Preferences of Gray, Green, and Hybrid Infrastructure Against Tsunamis: A Case Study of Japan." In Ecological Research Monographs. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_25.
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AbstractA decade has passed since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami struck. Despite increasing awareness that concrete-based coastal infrastructure, such as seawalls, is not sufficient to protect against unfathomable events, engineering structures still play a significant role in fortifying coastal communities. Meanwhile, purely nature-based approaches (i.e., coastal forests) also have limitations against cataclysmic waves, and there remain uncertainties regarding their ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction functions (Eco-DRR). In tackling these issues, hybrid infrastructure, which combines both gray and green components, has received growing interest. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate the economic values of coastal gray, green, and hybrid infrastructures under uncertainties in terms of people’s preferences.Therefore, in this study, we aimed to (1) quantify the economic value of coastal ecosystem services, including species richness, landscape, recreational services, and disaster risk reduction, under uncertainties through choice experiments; (2) clarify the differences in preferences for preparations against long-cycle tsunamis between those who reside in tsunami-prone areas and those who do not, using a conditional logit (CL) model; and (3) discuss the heterogeneities in coastal citizen perceptions by comparing the CL and mixed logit (ML) model. As a result, this study highlights the importance of considering the heterogeneity of preferences. Furthermore, our respondents in the tsunami-prone group (TPG) valued the coastal defense function offered by gray more highly than the non-TPG, demonstrating an especially large gap regarding seawalls against short-cycle tsunamis (willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of 11,233 JPY and 5958 JPY, respectively). However, there was no significance for coastal forests in the TPG, reflecting the importance of disaster prevention function offered by gray infrastructure. In addition, the hybrid landscape (seawalls + coastal forests) received higher positive responses, 71.1% with WTP of 8245 JPY, than the gray landscape (seawalls only) with WTP of −3358 JPY, as estimated by the ML model. These contradictions and heterogeneities in people’s preferences may foreshadow the difficulties of applying hybrid approaches; hence developing synthesized both stated preference and other revealed preference methods is indispensable for providing strategic design of gray-green combined coastal defense and bolstering coastal realignment.
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Amadou, Zakou. "Agropastoralists’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Modeling: Software and Coding Method Accuracies for Best-Worst Scaling Data." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_129.
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AbstractInvestigating software and coding method accuracies are still a challenge when dealing with best-worst scaling data. Comparing various climate change policy estimates and their relative importance across different statistical packages has received little attention. In this chapter, we use best-worst scaling approach to determine agropastoralist preferences for 13 climate change adaptation policies across two popular statistical packages (R and SAS). While data were collected from 271 agropastoralists, mixed logit was used to analyze data. Results reveal that mean and standard deviation estimates for 13 climate change adaptation policies from R are higher and statistically significant than SAS estimates. Based on R estimates, prolific animal selection, vaccination, settlement, strategic mobility, and strategic destocking are the most popular climate change adaptation policies, and more than two-third of respondents are in favor of these policies.
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Aref, Ahmed, Sharifa N. El-Emadi, Abdul Hadi Al-Shawi, and Sahar El Sayed. "Unpacking the Decline: Social Determinants and Fertility Dynamics in Qatar." In Gulf Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3412-5_4.
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Abstract Declining fertility rates in Qatar have raised state concerns, prompting an in-depth investigation into their causes. This chapter explores key factors contributing to this trend, including shifts in family structures, economic and financial changes, and the impact of women's employment, education, and health on fertility. Employing a mixed-methods approach through surveys and semi-structured interviews, the research builds on 4,271 Qatari nationals and 58 in-depth interviews. The finding reveals significant impact of personal values favoring individualism and a preference for quality over quantity in family size decisions. The findings confirm the influence of modern trends and evolving perceptions among younger generations, underscoring the need for state policies supporting family welfare and enhancing working conditions for women.
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Cai, Yue, Hui Chen, Xuange Zhu, Wenquan Gan, Bo Liu, and Haohao Xu. "Research on Visual Elements of Spatial Experience in Historical and Cultural Districts Based on Eye Movement Analysis." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3433-0_41.
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Abstract Under the background of new urbanization, protection historical and cultural districts is crucial to the urban development. The purpose of this study is to explore the public’s visual preference for block space, providing empirical insights and technological innovation for protection and regeneration. A hybrid method of environmental behavior and evidence-based design theory is used to capture the visual behavior of participants in virtual reality through eye tracking technology, revealing perceptual experience and choice preference. Focused on representative historical and cultural districts in Changsha, our investigation delves into the nuanced interplay between design elements imbued with cultural significance such as architectural style, facade materials, color palettes, and street layouts and their capacity to captivate visual attention within these urban enclaves. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of culturally characteristic design elements in engaging visual interest in these districts. Furthermore, data comparison reveals a strong correlation between visual appeal, emotional resonance, and cultural identity. These insights provide a scientific basis for strategies to preserve and regenerate historic and cultural districts. This study quantitatively analyzes the challenges of block space design from a humanistic perspective. In the renewal of historical and cultural blocks, designers need to emphasize the display of historical and cultural elements in buildings and protect historical buildings in order to realize the effective inheritance and activation of blocks.
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Honey, Andrew. "2.1.1. Paper." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxv.27hon.
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This chapter uses Jane Austen as a case study to explore the roles that paper, the underlying support, play within literary drafts. It investigates whether her choice and use of paper within a relatively small surviving corpus reveal methods and habits of writing. It demonstrates the types of evidence that can be drawn by studying the physical marks and characteristics of paper. Examples show that much can be gleaned from careful characterisation and comparison of the physical features of any paper used for literary drafts. Paper might be thought a neutral carrier, but the conscious or unconscious choices of paper by a writer, coupled with their habits and preferences of use, leave material evidence independent of the written text.
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Honey, Andrew. "2.1.1. Paper." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.35.27hon.
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This chapter uses Jane Austen as a case study to explore the roles that paper, the underlying support, play within literary drafts. It investigates whether her choice and use of paper within a relatively small surviving corpus reveal methods and habits of writing. It demonstrates the types of evidence that can be drawn by studying the physical marks and characteristics of paper. Examples show that much can be gleaned from careful characterisation and comparison of the physical features of any paper used for literary drafts. Paper might be thought a neutral carrier, but the conscious or unconscious choices of paper by a writer, coupled with their habits and preferences of use, leave material evidence independent of the written text.
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Yi, Kun, Xisha Jin, Zhengyang Bai, Yuntao Kong, and Qiang Ma. "An Empirical User Study on Congestion-Aware Route Recommendation." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58839-6_35.
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AbstractOvertourism has become a significant concern in many popular travel destinations around the world. As one of considerable approaches to handle the overtourism issues, congestion-aware methods can be effective in mitigating overcrowding at popular attractions by spreading tourists to less-visited areas. However, they may lead to a potential Hawk-Dove game: tourists who share the same preference may have some of them assigned worse routes than others to avoid congestion, which raises a possibility that the tourists who are assigned to relatively unfavorable routes may feel dissatisfaction and unfairness. Most existing research focuses on alleviating congestion from an overall planner perspective through simulation studies, with little emphasis on actual user experience. In this study, we conducted a user survey on congestion-aware route recommendation in Kyoto, Japan, aiming to investigate the evaluation of congestion-aware route recommendation methods from each tourist’s personal perspective and to clarify the development status and future research directions of congestion-aware route recommendation methods. We choose five congestion-aware route recommendation methods that vary in their consideration of congestion and multi-agent interactions. We reveal the strengths and weaknesses of these methods from multiple aspects. We cluster the respondents based on their text responses and explore the differences between these clusters. Furthermore, we investigate the factors affecting tourists’ experience and compare the differences among groups of tourists.
Conference papers on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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Murro, Rocco. "SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND GREEN BUILDINGS VALUATION: THE APPLICATION OF DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENTS IN PROPERTY APPRAISAL." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s26.46.
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For the purpose of achieving a sustainable city, there has been a significant increase in the construction of green buildings in recent years. Since these are properties with characteristics that differ from those of ordinary buildings and, therefore, few transactions of comparable properties can be collected in the market area in which they are located, it is very difficult to apply the Revealed Preference Methods for green buildings appraisal. These cases produce the same conditions common to industrial products, where it is necessary to estimate goods that have never been traded previously or have little historical data regarding potential consumers� expectations. Usually, the techniques to use here are based on surveys and hypothetical markets, which consider a range of possible scenarios to estimate the value of goods through the preferences stated by the market operators. It may be assumed that resorting to Stated Preference Techniques in special contexts it is preferable to use alternative methods that produce reliable opinions of value. The paper proposes a property appraisal procedure that, by applying Discrete Choice Experiments, allows selecting the alternatives that are most likely to meet the market�s preference and estimating: a) the incidence of the characteristics in market price formation both for consumers and producers; b) the market share of possible alternative properties, derived from different combinations of the characteristics and the best marketability alternative; c) the hypothetical market price associated with possible alternative options. After outlining the key elements of the issue, the main methodological and operational aspects of the proposed methodology are described.
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Murro, Rocco. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND INVESTMENTS FOR URBAN RENOVATION: ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WITH THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC PRINCIPLES TO REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.54.
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Climate change requires significant measures to adapt existing cities to new requirements; extensive urban renewal actions are therefore necessary. In order to be financially sustainable, such investments are mainly based on real estate and market operations, also at long term. The current valuation practice would require to resort to appraisal methods based on actual, historical market data, also known as Revealed Preference Methods (RPMs), which allow to derive the preferences expressed by the actions of market. Because of the instability, complexity and uncertainty of real estate markets as they are today, the results obtained with the application of standard RPMs are often not fully reliable. The most advanced and current solutions to the above problems mainly focus on possibilistic models, based on fuzzy logic. Such models can account for the uncertainty in the input data and single out some estimated values that are associated with a certain likelihood of occurring or, alternatively, detecting a range of possible values. Such models represent a support to operate always within the range of the RPMs. They are instrumental to improving the quality of the input data and to describe the level of uncertainty. The paper proposes the application of fuzzy logic in valuation methods, considering another type of uncertainty from the one considered through the probability theory. After the framework of the issue and a brief description of the principles of the fuzzy logic theory, some proposals, at international level, concerning the application of fuzzy logic to real estate appraisal techniques (Sales Comparison Approach, Discounted Cash Flow Analysis and Multiple Linear Regressions) are described, analysed and critically discussed.
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MacDonald, Erin, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Papalambros. "Preference Inconsistency in Multidisciplinary Design Decision Making." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35580.
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Research from behavioral psychology and experimental economics asserts that individuals construct preferences on a case-by-case basis when called to make a decision. A common, implicit assumption in engineering design is that user preferences exist a priori. Thus, preference elicitation methods used in design decision making can lead to preference inconsistencies across elicitation scenarios. This paper offers a framework for understanding preference inconsistencies, within and across individual users. We give examples of three components of this new framework: comparative, internal, and external inconsistencies across users. The examples demonstrate the impact of inconsistent preference construction on common engineering and marketing design methods, including discrete choice analysis, modeling stated vs. revealed preferences, and the Kano method and thus QFD. Exploring and explaining preference inconsistencies produces new understandings of the relationship between user and product.
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Ghotbi, Sina, Michael J. Scott, and Joseph A. Donndelinger. "Assessing Fusibility in Enrichment Methods for Disparate Customer Data Sets." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87751.
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Model fusion of results from disparate survey methodologies is a topic of current interest in both research and practice. Much of this interest has centered on the enrichment of stated-preference results with revealed-preference data, or vice versa, as it is considered that stated preference methods provide more robust trade-off information while revealed preference methods give better information about market equilibria. The motivation for this paper originates in the automotive industry, and is distinct in that it focuses on the reuse of existing data. Practitioners wish to glean as much information as possible from a large body of existing market research data, which may include minimally overlapping datasets and widely varying survey types. In particular, they wish to combine results from different types of stated preference methods. This paper presents two advancements in model fusion. One is a method for reducing data gathered in open-ended methods such as van Westendorp studies to a form amenable to analysis by multinomial logit, thus enabling the comparison of open-ended data to conjoint data on overlapping data sets. The other is a new statistical test for the fusibility of disparate data sets, designed to compare different methods of data comparison. This test is less sensitive than existing tests, which are most useful when comparing data sets that are substantially similar. The new test may thus provide more guidance in the development of new methods for fusing distinct survey types. Two examples are presented: a simple study of cell phone features administered as a test case for this research using both choice-based conjoint and van Westendorp methodologies, and a pair of existing larger-scale studies of automotive features with some attributes common to both studies. These examples serve to illustrate the two proposed methods. The examples indicate both a need for continued testing and several potentially fruitful directions for further investigation.
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MIKUŠOVÁ, Beáta, Nikoleta JAKUŠ, and Marián HOLÚBEK. "Voluntary cooperation of citizens in the community model of public service delivery." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-9.
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Most of the developed countries have implemented new principles of public sector reform – new approaches to the management of the public sector. A major feature of the new public management (NPM) is the introduction of market type mechanisms (MTM) to the running of public service organizations: the marketization of the public service. The marketization of public services aims at a continuous increase in public expenditure efficiency, continual improvements in public services quality, the implementation of the professional management tools in the public sector, and last but not least, charge for public services. Price of public services in mainstream economics theory is connected with preference revelation problem. Economic models explain the relationship between consumer behavior (revealed preferences) and the value of public goods, and thus determine the value of the goods themselves. The aim of the paper is to determine the success of the community model of public service delivery based on the demonstrated preferences of individuals in the consumption of public services / public goods. The direct way of determining the preferences of individuals was used in this paper (willigness to pay and willigness to accept). These preferences will be identified based on the crowdfunding campaign as an example of community model of public goods provision by using survey experiment method. The willingness of individuals to pay is dependent on the individual's relationship with the organisation, the organisation's employees, or sympathise with those for whom the collection is, for whom the project is designed.
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Savery, Richard, Madhukesh Ayyagari, Keenan R. May, and Bruce N. Walker. "Soccer Sonification: Enhancing Viewer Experience." In ICAD 2019: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display. Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2019.037.
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We present multiple approaches to soccer sonification, focusing on enhancing the experience for a general audience. For this work, we developed our own soccer data set through computer vision analysis of footage from a tactical overhead camera. This data set included X, Y, coordinates for the ball and players throughout, as well as passes, steals and goals. After a divergent creation process, we developed four main methods of sports sonification for entertainment. For the Tempo Variation and Pitch Variation methods, tempo or pitch is operationalized to demonstrate ball and player movement data. The Key Moments method features only pass, steal and goal data, while the Musical Moments method takes ex-isting music and attempts to align the track with important data points. Evaluation was done using a combination of qualitative focus groups and quantitative surveys, with 36 participants completing hour long sessions. Results indicated an overall preference for the Pitch Variation and Musical Moments methods, and revealed a robust trade-off between usability and enjoyability.
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Mitusova, E. D., and T. G. Klimanova. "PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPLEX OF EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL ENDURANCE IN RACING SKIERS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/34.
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The article describes and tested complexes of special-preparatory exercises, revealed the effectiveness of the used special-preparatory exercises for the development of special endurance. The effectiveness of the used special-preparatory exercises for the development of special endurance was revealed, the use of these complexes in the experimental group gives 38.12 to the effectiveness in control training, which is 26.03 higher than the indicators of the control group, which was engaged in the generally accepted program. The results of the study can serve as the main basis for the preparation of educational and methodological materials, can be used when drawing up educational and training plans directly, designed for a macrocycle of both one year and four years. The materials obtained allow us to see the statistics of growth in our study and at a certain stage of preparation to give preference to the method that was tested.
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Jeelani, Mohammad, and Michael Prieto. "Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Prioritize Augmented Reality (AR) Device Considerations." In 16th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2025). AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006249.
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When designing and developing emerging technologies, understanding user priorities for different product considerations is essential for ensuring that products meet user needs and expectations, leading to better adoption, satisfaction, and overall success in the market. Understanding and characterizing user priorities is critical for making design trade-offs and aligning design and development teams to high-value efforts. This study explores the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine how users prioritize key product considerations in the selection of Augmented Reality (AR) devices. While other prioritization techniques such as Maximum Difference Scaling (MaxDiff) and the ranking method are commonly used to better understand user priorities, AHP provides a more accurate and reliable approach, resulting in priority weights that reflect both the relative importance and the intensity of user preferences across multiple factors.For this study, AR device users completed a web-based survey that included a series of pairwise comparison prompts to prioritize six AR device considerations: comfort, features and functionality, lens quality, price, battery life, and aesthetics. For each of the fifteen pairwise comparisons, participants first indicated which device consideration was more important to them. Then, the participants rated the strength of their preference for the more important factor. The results from a sample of 37 participants revealed comfort was the most significant factor, followed by features and functionality, and lens quality. Price and battery life were also important but ranked lower, while aesthetics was deemed the least important consideration.Utilizing AHP with a panel of remote participants proved to be an effective human-centered approach for prioritizing device considerations for AR devices. The outputs from the AHP analysis not only establish a priority but also priority weights which offer deeper insights into exactly how important each factor is, revealing the relative intensity of user preferences. These priority weights can also be used to quantitatively evaluate products and prototypes, providing a more objective basis for comparison and decision-making. The methods utilized in this study facilitate a deeper understanding of user preferences and priorities which can be applied to the development of many products and emerging technologies.
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Zhai, Weimin, and Chien-Hsiung Chen. "Effects of Information Layout and Dynamic Presentation of Banner Advertising on the User Interface Design of Mobile Food Ordering Application." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003200.
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With more and more users using smartphones to order food online, in order to attract users, advertisements are widely used in various mobile food ordering APPs (MFOAs). The presentation of information in the user interface of MFOA is an essential factor pertinent to the user experience. This study aimed to explore the usability of information layout and dynamic presentation of banner advertising in an MFOA's operation and to suggest future design improvements. A 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment was planned to help explore whether the information layout (i.e., list-style and matrix-style) and dynamic presentation of banner advertising (i.e., static and dynamic ads) affect users' task performance and their subjective evaluations. This experiment used a convenience sampling method, and a total of 32 participants were recruited to participate in the experiment. Data collection for the experiment included participants' task performance, subjective ratings on a 7-point Likert scale and semi-structured interviews. The generated results revealed that: (1) Information layout with different types affected the participants' task performance; (2) Dynamic presentation of banner advertising affected users' task performance; (3) Information layout affected participants' subjective evaluations of the degree of preference and attractiveness; matrix-style was better than list-style; (4) There was a significant interaction between information layout and dynamic presentation of banner advertising in the subjective measure of the degree of preference, list-style is rated significantly higher in static ads than in matrix-style. However, the opposite result is obtained for dynamic ads. The findings generated from the research can be a good reference for developing the user interface design for MFOAs.
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Chen, Heidi Q., Tomonori Honda, and Maria C. Yang. "An Approach for Revealed Consumer Preferences for Technology Products: A Case Study of Residential Solar Panels." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70468.
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Consumer preferences can serve as an effective basis for determining key product attributes necessary for market success, allowing firms to optimally allocate time and resources toward the development of these critical attributes. However, identification of consumer preferences can be challenging, particularly for technology-push products that are still early on in the technology diffusion S-curve, which need an additional push to appeal to the early majority. This paper presents a method for revealing preferences from actual market data and technical specifications. The approach is explored using three machine learning methods: Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest decision trees, and Gradient Boosted regression applied on the residential photovoltaic panel industry in California, USA. Residential solar photovoltaic installation data over a period of 5 years from 2007–2011 obtained from the California Solar Initiative is analyzed, and 3 critical attributes are extracted from a pool of 34 technical attributes obtained from panel specification sheets. The work shows that machine learning methods, when used carefully, can be an inexpensive and effective method of revealing consumer preferences and guiding design priorities.
Reports on the topic "Revealed Preference Method"
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Shyshkina, Mariya P. Сервісні моделі формування хмаро орієнтованого середовища вищого навчального закладу. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2449.
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The article is devoted to creating and development of the cloud based educational and scientific environment of higher education institutions, using modern approaches to the ICT infrastructure design, based on the different types of service models, including public, corporate or hybrid clouds. Object of the study: to conduct the theoretical analysis of the research trends of the cloud based higher education institution ICT infrastructure modeling in the context of the tendencies of the ICT development and standardization. Object of the study: the process of formation and development of the educational and research environment in the higher education institution. The purpose of the article: to reveal the current trends of the cloud-based service models of the learning environment design and implementation. The methods of the study: The analysis of scientific and educational literature on pro-research problems; domestic and foreign experience on the emerging ICT implementation in the learning process. Results: The main types of the service models of design and deploy the cloud-based infrastructure of the educational institution are revealed; the advantages and disadvantages of the cloud-based approach are considered; the promising ways of implementation are considered. Conclusions: there are promising ways of the learning environment cloud-based service models design and application, taking into consideration its preferences and disadvantages for the certain case study.
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OLUWASANYA, Grace, Ayodetimi OMONIYI, Duminda PERERA, Manzoor QADIR, and Kaveh MADANI. Unmasking the Unseen: The Gendered Impacts of Water Quality, Sanitation and Hygiene. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU INWEH), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/inr24gar011.
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This report investigated the interplay between water quality, sanitation, hygiene and gender by examining distinct variables of water quality and their varying impacts on gender like reported water-related illnesses of males and females, and the consequences of water quality, sanitation, and hygiene on menstrual hygiene practices, particularly focusing on a low- and middle-income country- LMICs. This report presents the key findings, outlining a framework and guidance for examining gender-specific impacts stemming from poor water quality and WASH practices through a piloted case study in Abeokuta City, Nigeria, to serve as a preliminary guide for conducting comprehensive, site-specific assessments. The piloted Differential Impacts Assessment, DIA framework is a 5-step approach, guiding the evaluation of gendered impacts from method design to the field activities, which include water sampling and laboratory analysis, public survey, and health data collection, to the data and gender analysis. The focus on low- and middle-income countries underscores the importance of DIA in such regions for better health and socioeconomic outcomes, promoting inclusive development. The study results reveal unsettling, largely unseen gender disparities in exposure to health-related risks associated with non-utility water sources and highlight pronounced differences in water source preferences and utilization, the burden of water sourcing and collection, and health- and hygiene-related practices. Specifically, this preliminary assessment indicates an alarming inadequacy in accessing WASH services within the pilot study area, raising considerable doubts about achieving SDG 6 by 2030. While this finding is worrying, this report also discusses the lack of a standardized protocol for monitoring water-related impacts utilizing sex-disaggregated data, shedding light on the unseen global-scale gendered impacts. The report warns about the water safety of non-utility water sources. Without point-of-use treatment and water safety protocols, the water sources are unsuitable for potable uses, potentially posing compounded health risks associated with microbial contaminations and high calcium content, particularly affecting boys. Girls are likely the most affected by the repercussions of water collection, including time constraints, health implications, and safety concerns. Men and boys face a higher risk related to poor hygiene, while women may be more susceptible to health effects stemming from toilet cleaning responsibilities and shared sanitation facilities. Despite the preference for disposable sanitary pads among most women and girls, women maintain better menstrual hygiene practices than girls. This age-specific disparity highlights potential substantial health risks for girls in the near and distant future. Enhancing women's economic status could improve access to superior healthcare services and significantly elevate household well-being. The report calls for targeted actions, including urgent planning and implementation of robust water safety protocols for non-utility self-supply systems and mainstreaming gender concerns and needs as the “6th” accelerator for SDG 6. The piloted methodology is scalable and serves as an introductory guide that can be further refined to explore and track site-specific differential health and socioeconomic effects of inadequate water quality, especially in locales similar to the study area. The report targets policymakers and donor organizations advocating for sustainable water resource development, public health, human rights, and those promoting gender equality globally
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Randrup, Thomas B., Agnes Pierre, Niel Sang, and Kjell Nilson. Equity in Green Space Planning and Management : synthesis study on data availability for the development of a socio-ecological index. SLU Movium Think Tank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.7h5gdnod5n.
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As cities densify to meet environmental and economic goals, the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) becomes critical for fostering community well-being, promoting environmental justice, and enhancing climate resilience. This report presents a synthesis study conducted by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in collaboration with Nilsson Landscape, aimed at understanding the relationship between socio-economy and accessibility to UGS, to assess and enhance green equity in urban environments. The research focuses on Malmö specifically, and have involved Region Skåne as a proxy for other municipalities in southern Sweden, leveraging data on green space access, canopy cover, socio-economic indicators, and maintenance costs. The primary objective of this study was to establish a data-driven, replicable framework that quantifies green space equity at the city district level. Specifically, the research seeks to (i) identify key indicators of green space availability and socio-economic status that can be measured consistently across Swedish municipalities; (ii) develop a composite relationship (a matrix or an index) that integrates these indicators to provide actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, and (iii) to test the applicability of this index in Malmö, illustrating its potential to guide future investments in UGS for equitable urban development. The research integrates three complementary initiatives: i. KSLA Project: A synthesis of socio-economic and green space factors relevant to equity in urban environments. ii. FoMA Project: Development and testing of green space indicators, including canopy cover, urban green space per capita, and distance to the nearest green space, in relation to socio-economic metrics like income, education, and employment. iii. Movium Partnership: Evaluation of the Green Equity Matrix, a tool that categorizes neighborhoods based on their socio-economic status (SES) and green space status (GSS), and explores policy implications and maintenance costs. The ambition to develop a matrix or an index aligns with international models such as the Tree Equity Score and Spatial Equity NYC but adapts them to the Swedish context, where socioeconomic factors and access to UGS are measured differently. Data sources include GIS-based analyses, municipal records, and socio-economic data from Statistics Sweden. All computations of UGS rely on open datasets, which are updated at varying frequencies but not always regularly. All the SES data is easily accessible and reliable, and available at DeSO level. A Green Equity Matrix was developed, including seven indicators ‘UGS per capita’, ‘canopy cover’, ‘distance to UGS’ as Green Space Status (GSS) indicators, and ‘age dependency’, ‘income’, ‘education level’, and ‘employment rate’, as Socio-Economic Status (SES) indicators. Each indicator was computed and combined into two individual indexes. All indicators are combined unweighted, meaning they are treated equally when combined. Contrary to widespread assumptions, our analysis reveals that neighbourhoods with lower SES often have higher GSS in Malmö. Lower SES neighbourhoods in Malmö were often developed around the 1960’es and early 1970’es (the Million Program), where larger parks and green spaces were prioritized. As such, we believe these areas have benefited from earlier planning efforts aimed at providing green amenities to balance socio-economic disadvantages, and that the effects of these efforts are still notable in a Swedish context like in Malmö. However, while higher GSS in lower SES areas is a positive finding, it does not necessarily reflect equitable quality or functionality of Summary green spaces. Socio-economic disparities might still influence the usability, safety, and maintenance of these green areas, affecting their actual benefits to residents. We calculated maintenance cost in DeSOs characterized by both low GSS and low SES. Here, costs range from 24 to 335 SEK per capita, with an average in Malmö being 448 SEK per capita. Even though we indicate a relationship between low SES and low maintenance cost, we recognise the need for better data, including a calculation based on actual use, rather than cost per capita. However, such data is not available today. The actual quality of UGS should be further explored and considered incorporated into or related to the matrix. This will ensure that green space interventions align with the needs and preferences of residents. In line with this, local governments’ capacities to develop such indices should be explored too. However, the use of accessible data in combination with relatively simple GIS-based socio-ecological analysis has been prioritised for this project. Thus, our proposed method does not require advanced GIS skills, making it accessible for all municipalities. The suggested method ranks neighbourhoods within a municipality or urban area, meaning the GSS and SES results cannot be directly compared across different municipalities or urban areas. However, metrics such as the percentage of neighbourhoods within each quadrant or within a certain standard deviation can still be used for comparisons with other municipalities or urban areas. Our new and nuanced understanding of the relationship between SES and GSS challenges the conventional narrative that socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods lack access to green spaces. Instead, it highlights the need for context-specific urban planning and management that recognizes both the strengths and challenges of different neighbourhoods.
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Men and family planning in Bangladesh: A review of the literature. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1004.
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This report reviews the literature on men and family planning (FP) in Bangladesh. A variety of topics are covered: male fertility preferences, opinions about male methods of contraception, family planning (FP) decision-making, and recent efforts to involve Bangladeshi men in FP programs. Men’s desired family size in Bangladesh is small; only one-third of respondents in the most recent DHS survey wanted more than two children. The same survey revealed that knowledge of at least one modern method of FP is practically universal and that attitudes toward contraception are overwhelmingly favorable. Only superficial information on the frequency and quality of communication about FP between spouses and the effects of such communication on contraceptive usage exists. Not much effort has been made to involve men in FP programs in Bangladesh. The few references that could be found suggest that men can be successfully incorporated into outreach programs and that contraceptive prevalence can be raised through such efforts.