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1
Butler, Des. "Revenge Pornography." International Journal of Technoethics 8, no. 1 (2017): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2017010105.
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Revenge pornography, or nonconsensual pornography as it is also known, is the distribution of intimate sexual images by disaffected and disgruntled individuals as a means of seeking vengeance against ex partners. It is highly destructive behaviour which can result in victims being humiliated and distressed, may jeopardise personal and work relationships and can lead to victims being stalked and attracting unwanted attention from strangers. In some cases, victims have felt compelled to change their names and even contemplate suicide. This article considers the response of Australian laws to the scourge of revenge pornography and identifies the many deficiencies in the current patchwork of statute laws and case laws in that country.
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Marshall, Angela R. "Revenge pornography." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 45, no. 7 (2019): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2019.1649841.
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Bothamley, Sarah, and Ruth J. Tully. "Understanding revenge pornography: public perceptions of revenge pornography and victim blaming." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 10, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-09-2016-0253.
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Bedor, Emma Celeste. "The Politics of Revenge (Pornography)." Screen Bodies 1, no. 1 (2016): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2016.010103.
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Revenge pornography emerged in a flurry moral panic in 2010 when Hunter Moore created the website Is Anyone Up? (isanyoneup.com), where anonymous Internet users submitted nude photos for thousands of unknown purveyors to view. Moore’s endeavor appeared ingenious: What better way could angry exes enact revenge and humiliation on former partners than by displaying their naked photos, against their will and without consent, on a notorious website? The site’s “spirit of retaliation,” apparent from an anthem whose lyrics consisted of “Cheated on me and broke my heart / Gonna show the world your private parts” lives on due to the emergence of other revenge pornography sites, despite the fact that isanyoneup.com was disbanded and Moore recently arrested. Using a critical theoretical framework, this article illustrates that victims of revenge pornography are emblematic of post-feminist and neoliberal hostilities. As such, this article contends that revenge pornography is about revenge and humiliation, not sex.
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Hearn, Jeff, and Matthew Hall. "‘This is my cheating ex’: Gender and sexuality in revenge porn." Sexualities 22, no. 5-6 (2018): 860–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718779965.
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Revenge pornography is the online, and at times offline, non-consensual distribution, or sharing, of explicit images by ex-partners, partners, others, or hackers seeking revenge or entertainment. In this article, we discursively analyse a selected range of electronic written texts accompanying explicit images posted by self-identified straight/gay/lesbian (male-to-female, female-to-male, male-to-male, female-to-female postings) on a popular revenge pornography website ‘MyEx.com’. Situating our analysis in debates on gender and sexuality, we examine commonalities and differences in the complex and sometimes contradictory ways in which gender and sexuality are invoked in posters’ accounts of their motivations for revenge pornography.
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Dymock, Alex, and Charlotte van der Westhuizen. "A dish served cold: targeting revenge in revenge pornography." Legal Studies 39, no. 3 (2018): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.27.
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AbstractThe introduction of s 33 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015, criminalising the disclosure of private sexual images, has been seen as a welcome step forward for curbing this abuse of privacy and the harmful effects it has on victims. However, while s 33 sidesteps any reference to ‘revenge pornography’, as the phenomenon has been termed in popular vernacular, little attention has been paid to the way in which narratives of revenge implicitly underpin and imbue the new offence, particularly its specific intent requirement. We argue this has serious implications for the treatment of s 33 offences in the courts and for sentencing. Drawing on cross-disciplinary conceptualisations of revenge, its recent criminal-legal history, and examples of media and parliamentary rhetoric, we claim that despite innumerable attempts to turn debate on disclosure of private sexual images towards consent, harm and privacy, there lurks within these discourses an assumption that the victim must have done something to deserve the treatment she received. Until the multiple harms of disclosure of private sexual images are recognised and explicit recommendations are made that scrutiny of victims’ behaviour should normally be inadmissible, we argue that the offence offers little in the way of redress.
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Gavin, Jeff, and Adrian J. Scott. "Attributions of victim responsibility in revenge pornography." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11, no. 4 (2019): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-03-2019-0408.
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Purpose Revenge pornography is a growing risk among adolescents and young adults. Often stemming from sexting, some victims of revenge pornography report experiencing victim-blame similar to that accompanying the reporting of rape. The purpose of this paper is to explore the assumptions that underlie attributions of victim-blame, with a focus on perpetrator and victim responsibility, as well as gendered assumptions surrounding sexting. Design/methodology/approach A total of 222 UK university students (111 male, 111 females) read one of two versions of a hypothetical revenge pornography scenario, one involving a male victim of a female perpetrator, the other a female victim of a male perpetrator. They then responded to an open-ended question regarding responsibility. Findings Qualitative content analysis of these responses identified three inter-related themes: the victim’s behaviour, mitigating victim responsibility and minimising the behaviour. Social implications The majority of participants in this study attributed at least some responsibility to the victims of revenge pornography depicted in the scenarios. Sex of the victim played a less important role than assumptions around sexting. Originality/value The study suggests that victim-blame is linked to the consent implied by sharing intimate images with a partner, but is also mitigated by the normative nature of this relationship practice. There was some evidence that the experience of male victims of revenge pornography is trivialised. These findings have implications for e-safety and victim support.
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Crofts, Thomas, and Tyrone Kirchengast. "A Ladder Approach to Criminalising Revenge Pornography." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 1 (2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018318814361.
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The ability to distribute private intimate images across public networks including social media through smart devices or computers has emerged as a serious 21st century concern. Initially, legal systems and operators within criminal justice systems were slow to respond to the reported harms associated with the non-consensual distribution of intimate images (colloquially referred to as revenge porn). However, increasing recognition of the serious harm and victimisation that may result from this behaviour has led many jurisdictions across the world to create new criminal offences. This article reviews the appropriateness of offences that have been created or proposed with a particular reference to developments in Australia. It takes the most recent proposed offence in Western Australia as an opportunity to review the significant differences in how offences have been defined. In suggesting how new offences might be defined, this article relies on the ‘ladder principle’ and recommends that there should be a ladder or hierarchy of new offences to respond appropriately to both the seriousness of harm and culpability of the perpetrator.
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Dymock, Alex. "Prurience, punishment and the image: Reading ‘law-and-order pornography’." Theoretical Criminology 21, no. 2 (2016): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616630043.
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This article aims to expand interpretations of the representational and spectatorial politics of images by investigating what Wacquant has termed ‘law-and-order pornographies’. By this, he refers to images of crime and punishment accorded signifiers of the pornographic and the prurient in order to describe the fusion of the erotic and the punitive. The first part of the article brings into conversation the fields of porn studies and visual criminology. It examines more closely what is at stake in imbuing crime images with the grammar of the pornographic. The second part of the article argues that the application of the pornographic to images of law and order has been refracted back onto the sphere of adult entertainment, in particular, the phenomenon of ‘revenge pornography’.
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Scott, Adrian J., and Jeff Gavin. "Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility." Journal of Criminal Psychology 8, no. 2 (2018): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-05-2017-0024.
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Purpose Drawing on gender-role stereotypes and defensive attribution theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility in the context of revenge pornography. Design/methodology/approach In total, 239 university students read one of two versions of a hypothetical scenario, responded to items concerning their perceptions of the situation described, and responded to items concerning their sexting experience. Findings Men were more likely to believe the situation was serious when it involved a male perpetrator and a female victim rather than vice versa. However, perpetrator-victim sex did not influence women’s perceptions. Participants without sexting experience were more likely than participants with sexting experience to believe the situation was serious, and to hold the victim responsible. Originality/value Whilst there is a growing body of literature regarding revenge pornography from a legal perspective, there is little research on perceptions of revenge pornography situations. As the use of intimate images in relationships continues to rise, it is important to understand people’s attitudes and the extra-legal factors that shape them.
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Dvořáková, Michaela. "Sexting and Revenge Pornography. Legislative and Social Dimensions of a Modern Digital Phenomenon. Phippen, A.; Brennan, M." Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 15, no. 1 (2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2021-1-6.
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Sweeny, JoAnne. "Gendered Violence and Victim-Blaming." International Journal of Technoethics 8, no. 1 (2017): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2017010102.
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Cyber-harassment and Revenge pornography are international problems that can cause psychological, financial and physical harm to their victims. And yet, despite legal efforts in several countries, the law has yet to fully address these issues. Instead, enactment and enforcement of laws is undermined by the gendered nature of these acts, which leads to (typically male) police and prosecutors to treat victims with ambivalence and even scorn. This article shows that, despite the prevalence and dangers involved with cyber-harassment and revenge porn, victims are still often left without redress. This article also analyzes law enforcement's tendency to minimize victims' harm and blame victims for their own suffering. Finally, this article discusses how perceptions may begin to change, which could lead to a better understanding of the full range of behaviors and effects of cyber-harassment and revenge pornography and, consequently, better legal outcomes for victims.
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Uhl, Carolyn A., Katlin J. Rhyner, Cheryl A. Terrance, and Noël R. Lugo. "An examination of nonconsensual pornography websites." Feminism & Psychology 28, no. 1 (2018): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517720225.
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Nonconsensual pornography, sometimes referred to as “revenge porn,” refers to the distribution of sexually explicit photographs or videos without the consent of the individual in the image. These images, along with accompanying personal information, are often disseminated by a former romantic or sexual partner with the intent to harm. Websites exist that have a reputation for hosting and promoting revenge porn. However, it is unclear to what extent these websites function for the purpose of explicitly harming victims by providing a victim's personal information. To address this question, a content analysis was performed on 134 photographs from seven different websites that originated within the United States. Descriptions of photos posted, content of victims' personal information included within the post, victim and distributor demographics, and viewers' comments were coded and analyzed. Website layouts and policies were also documented. Key findings were that nearly 92% of victims featured on included websites were women. Moreover, when a reason was given for posting the photo, it was correlated with having a greater number of views, being more likely to allow commenting on photos, and being more likely to include a victim's name. Implications are discussed.
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Christianto, Hwian. "Revenge porn sebagai Kejahatan Kesusilaan Khusus: perspektif Sobural." Veritas et Justitia 3, no. 2 (2017): 299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2682.
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Revenge porn is a new growing modus operandi of crime in society. Law enforcement still considers porn revenge as a pornographic crime in general as it is an activity of disseminating information that violates decency. Approach used by law enforcement in assessing revenge porn is still limited to formal juridical approach without considering the characteristics of porn revenge that substantive justice is not fulfilled. As part of a full understanding of porn revenge, a Criminological understanding of the Sobural approach is made. Two issues to be studied are (1) what is the significance of using the Sobural approach? And (2) Is revenge porn a decency crime based on the Sobural approach? Empirical juridical research method is used in this study by basing on a primer in the form of legislation supported by criminal law theory related to revenge porn. Exposure from primary data is associated with secondary data in the form of Judge Judgment to see understanding of defeating of revenge porn by a judge. The results of the study show that criminological understanding of porn revenge provides a very significant different approach in criminal law. Revenge porn is judged by the context of the community in which the perpetrators and acts of revenge porn are performed. Sobural (Social, Cultural and Structural) approach affirms contextual assessment of porn revenge based on social values, cultural values and structural factors of society. The approach of these three elements has a close correlation with the moral norms as the measure of defamation of crime of pornography as a decency crime. The integration of the Sobural approach to the understanding of moral norms in assessing porn revenge will provide an opportunity for the enforcement of living laws in society.
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O'Connell, Aislinn, and Ksenia Bakina. "Using IP rights to protect human rights: copyright for ‘revenge porn’ removal." Legal Studies 40, no. 3 (2020): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2020.17.
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Abstract‘Revenge pornography’ is a concept which embraces a broad spectrum of the non-consensual distribution of private sexual images. Acknowledging the harms that arise from this practice and the human rights implications of ‘revenge pornography’, this paper focuses on the difficulty of removing those images from the Internet. It considers the legal vehicles which can be employed to force websites and third-party operators to remove private sexual images, including privacy law and copyright notice and takedown systems. It concludes that the piecemeal approach to image removal is insufficient, and that a more cohesive and appropriate approach to image removal is required to ensure that victim-survivors’ rights to private and family life are properly protected.
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ŠEPEC, Miha. "VIRTUAL REVENGE PORNOGRAPHY AS A NEW ONLINE THREAT TO SEXUAL INTEGRITY." Balkan Social Science Review 15 (2020): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr20150118sh.
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Hall, Matthew, and Jeff Hearn. "Revenge pornography and manhood acts: a discourse analysis of perpetrators’ accounts." Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 2 (2017): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1417117.
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Fido, Dean. "Matthew Hall and Jeff Hearn, Revenge Pornography: Gender, Sexualities and Motivations." Sexualities 23, no. 1-2 (2019): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719872725.
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Halder, Debarati, and K. Jaishankar. "Revenge Porn by Teens in the United States and India: A Socio-Legal Analysis." International Annals of Criminology 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003445200000076.
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SummarySexting among teens has become a huge problem in the US as well as in India. This has given birth to numerous issues including issues related to child pornography, exploitation of images by perpetrators and revenge porn. While in the US laws are being created and tested for regulating sexting in relation to revenge porn, the situation is quite different in India. This paper emphasises that there is a lacuna in dealing with adolescent sexual behaviour including revenge taking attitude with the help of sexted images. This paper argues that instead of dealing the issue of revenge porn by teens in the traditional procedural ways as has been laid down in the legal provisions or by way of rusticating the children (including the perpetrators and the victim) from the school as has happened in India in several occasions, Therapeutic Jurisprudence approach should be taken up.
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Rallan, Nirmal, and Komal Vig. "Revenge Pornography: Impact on the Mental Health of Victims and Legal Remedies." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 8 (2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01962.4.
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SOARES, Vládia Maria de Moura, Jamille Clara Alves ADAMCZYK, and Ana Clara Mendonça CATHALAT. "LA PORNOGRAFÍA DE VENGANZA COMO VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN EL DERECHO PENAL BRASILEÑO: LA CREACIÓN DEL TIPO PENAL POR LA LEY 13.718/18 Y LA APLICABILIDAD DE LA LEY 11.340/06." Revista Juridica 4, no. 57 (2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v4i57.3760.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Se pretende alcanzar un estudio analítico de la pornografía de venganza, objetivando una mejor comprensión del fenómeno sociológico y del marco jurídico conferido al tema por el Derecho Penal brasileño, para que sea posible un enfrentamiento completo de la cuestión. El objeto será analizado exclusivamente por medio de un abordaje que toma la mujer como víctima. Es el objetivo de esta investigación verificar si se podría caracterizar dicha práctica como violencia de género y también si la pornografía de venganza podría ser adecuadamente tratada como un crimen contra la honra, como se ha estado tutelando esta conducta. Metodología: La metodología es bibliográfica, sin el estudio del intercambio en el tratamiento de la derogación penal estudiada sobre el tema; el marco legal de la conducta como delito contra el honor; la elaboración de un tipo penal específico mediante la Ley nº. 13.718/2018; y la posibilidad de aplicación de la Ley nº. 11.340/2006 (Ley Maria da Penha). Resultados: Después de toda la investigación, se constató que el fenómeno de la pornografía de venganza no puede ser considerado solamente como un crimen contra la honra, y su tratamiento como tal es inadecuado e insuficiente. Respecto al análisis de la aplicabilidad de la Ley Maria da Penha para casos de pornografía de venganza, verificase que los resultados fueron positivos en el sentido de ser posible la aplicación de esta ley para mayor protección de las mujeres víctimas de este crimen. Contribuciones: La contribución del estudio está vinculada al diálogo entre sociología y derecho, así como a estimular una investigación en profundidad sobre la Ley Maria da Penha y su extensión. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Pornografía de venganza; violencia de género; Ley Maria da Penha; Derechos fundamentales. ABSTRACT Objective: It is intended to reach an analytical study of revenge pornography, focusing a better understanding of the sociological phenomenon and the legal framework conferred to the subject by Brazilian Criminal Law, so that a complete confrontation of the issue is possible. The object will be analyzed exclusively through an approach that the woman is the victim. It is the objective of this investigation to verify whether such practice could be characterized as gender-based violence and also if revenge pornography could be adequately treated as a crime against honor, as this conduct has been protected. Methodology: The methodology is bibliographic, without the study of the exchange in the treatment of the criminal repeal studied on the subject; the legal framework of conduct as a crime against honor; the elaboration of a specific criminal type through Law Nr. 13,718/2018; and the possibility of enforcement of Law nº. 11,340/2006 (Maria da Penha Law). Results:After all investigation, it was noted that the phenomenon of revenge pornography cannot be considered only as a crime against honor, and its treatment as such is inadequate and insufficient. Regarding the analysis of the applicability of Maria da Penha Law for cases of revenge pornography, the results were positive in the sense that it is possible to apply this law for greater protection of women victims of this crime. Contributions: The contribution of the study is linked to the dialogue between sociology and law, as well as to stimulate an in-depth investigation into the Maria da Penha Law and its extension. KEYWORDS: Revenge porn; gender violence; Maria da Penha Law; Fundamental rights.
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Waldman, Ari Ezra. "Law, Privacy, and Online Dating: “Revenge Porn” in Gay Online Communities." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 04 (2019): 987–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2018.29.
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Nonconsensual pornography, commonly known as “revenge porn,” is the dissemination of another’s sexually explicit images or videos without their consent. This article explores this phenomenon in gay and bisexual male online communities. The first part reviews the current sociological and legal literature on online dating, gay culture on the Internet, and revenge porn. Then, based on a survey of gay and bisexual male dating app users, ethnographic interviews, and an analysis of platform content moderation policies, the next part makes three related points. First, it shows that gay and bisexual men who use geosocial dating apps are more frequently victims of revenge porn than both the general population and the broader lesbian, gay, and bisexual community. Second, it shows that geosocial dating apps create powerful norms of disclosure that make sharing personal information all but required. And third, it describes how gay and bisexual male users engage in privacy navigation techniques with the goal of building trust and enhancing safety. The final substantive section then shows how inadequate protections for online privacy and inadequate legal incentives for safe platform design contribute to the problem of revenge porn. The article concludes with a summary and avenues for future research.
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Englander, Elizabeth K. "50.0 Sexting, Revenge Pornography, and Digital Dating Abuse: New Research on Adolescent Digital Behaviors." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55, no. 10 (2016): S338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.415.
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Griffith, Vanessa Nicholle. "Smartphones, Nude Snaps, and Legal Loopholes: Why Pennsylvania Needs to Amend its Revenge Porn Statute." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 16, no. 2 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2016.192.
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UGotPosted.com, SnapSext.com, SnapGFs.com, snapchatleaked.com, Huntermoore.tv, etc., are websites where you do not want to find your picture. These websites are nonconsensual pornography websites. If you do unexpectedly find an intimate image of yourself on one of these websites—or any other porn website for that matter— your best legal recourse is through your state’s revenge porn law. However, if your state has yet to enact one, you might have to fight a legal battle in a notoriously grey area of the law. Pennsylvania recently enacted a revenge porn statute in 2014. But, prior to the adoption of 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3131, entitled “Unlawful Dissemination of Intimate Image,” Pennsylvania residents had to navigate through the grey area of legal recourse, such as arguing one’s case under Pennsylvania’s Invasion of Privacy statute. This new area of sexual harassment through high-tech means proved to be growing and could no longer be ignored by state legislatures.
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Walker, Kate, and Emma Sleath. "A systematic review of the current knowledge regarding revenge pornography and non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit media." Aggression and Violent Behavior 36 (September 2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.06.010.
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LE, Kim-Marlène, and Julien PÉNIN. "Appropriation under Low Intellectual Property Regimes: The Role of Communities in the Online Alternative Adult Entertainment Industry1." Management international 21, no. 3 (2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1052766ar.
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The online adult entertainment industry, as Darling (2014) showed, is a new case of low intellectual property regime, i.e. largely inefficient in preventing the massive copying of content. In this paper, we focus on alternative pornography and explore the mechanisms which contribute to the creation of pornographic content. We argue that user communities help content providers to absorb sunk costs associated with content production and distribution. Our main conclusion is that, although user communities cannot solve alone the incentive failure in online pornography, they complement and reinforce strategies which enable content producers to earn revenues from vulnerable copyrighted works.
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Panuju, Redi. "Hidden Moral Messages in Indonesian Horror Film (Analysis of Palasik Film)." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6, no. 2 (2019): 5273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v6i2.03.
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This article discusses implicit moral messages in the Palasik film. This film is based on a myth from West Sumatra society as a creature invented by someone who is a Black magician looking to live long in the world. At night, while looking for food, Palasik let’s go of his head and floated in the air. Palasik food is a fetus that is in the womb of his mother. Stories like this make film creators unable to avoid the element of violence in visualization. As a result, many criticisms of this film consider it to be extreme, especially at the moment when Palasik is preying on a fetus in the womb and blood is splattered everywhere. Also, the visualization of explosions for women who have just given birth by first pouring gasoline on them is considered excessive. In general, horror films get criticized because of the content of pornography and violence in them. The crucial question is whether or not the Palasik film does not contain a moral message? This study uses a narrative analysis approach. Data was obtained through in-depth observations of the story of the film arranged from scene to scene. The author interprets the film scene after scene and concludes the moral message hidden in the story. The results showed that the Palasik film conveyed many moral messages, although not explicit. For example, it conveys that collective unity can defeat evil, excessive love can make a person less alert to something bad around them, aggressiveness is formed based on habits step by step, revenge has made humans lose their humanity (especially for invented creatures like Palasik which are certainly more destructive), and power-hungry humans are willing to serve Satan in order to achieve that power.
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Perry, Samuel L. "Pornography Use and Depressive Symptoms: Examining the Role of Moral Incongruence." Society and Mental Health 8, no. 3 (2017): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156869317728373.
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While studies have consistently observed an association between pornography use and depressive symptoms, data limitations have precluded understanding the nature of this relationship. Drawing on data from a representative panel study of American adults and building on insights from stress process theory, this article demonstrates that the connection between pornography use and depressive symptoms hinges on the (1) (in)congruence between Americans’ moral beliefs about pornography and their viewing practices and (2) gender. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses reveal that American men (not women) who believe viewing pornography is always immoral but watch it anyway are more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to others who do not report this incongruence. Results also suggest the connection between viewing pornography and depressive symptoms is bidirectional, contingent on men’s moral evaluation of its use. For male porn users who morally reject it, pornography use predicts depressive symptoms at low frequencies, likely stemming from cognitive stress or dissonance. For those who do not morally reject porn, however, only viewing it at the highest frequencies is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, which suggests reverse causation—depressed men likely view higher levels of pornography as a coping aid, especially when they do not view it as immoral.
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McTavish, James. "Internet Pornography: Some Medical and Spiritual Perspectives." Linacre Quarterly 87, no. 4 (2020): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363920933114.
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The Internet has made pornography available on a massive scale. Data released by “Pornhub” the world’s most popular Internet porn site, reveal that in 2019 alone, there were over 42 billion visits to its website, which in itself is an incredible waste of time and energy, which could be more fruitfully employed. Pornography viewing is poisonous for the conscience and commodifies the human body, reducing it to an object of abusive pleasure. Its negative effects can be broadly seen in three overlapping categories: personal, psychological, and social. The antidote is a renewed call to chastity, that self-mastery that can help direct one’s passions in a more fruitful way. Without prayer, we cannot live chastely as “the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak” (Matthew 26:41). There is an urgency for the new evangelization to help recapture the dignity of the body and counter the lie of pornography, and to ensure that in the digital world, the face of Christ needs to be seen and his voice heard. Summary: The first part of this essay outlines some personal, psychological, and social dangers of pornography. Viewing of pornography is harmful, as it objectifies the human body and distorts one’s vision of sexuality. The second part of the essay gives some practical advice concerning how to ideally halt or reverse the epidemic of porn viewing, emphasizing the dignity of each person as subject, and reminding us of how a chaste gaze helps one rediscover the real beauty and value of the human body.
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Stéphano Rufino Belezzi, Hugo. "AS NOVAS MODALIDADES DE CRIMES CIBERNÉTICOS: O CYBERBULLYING, VINGANÇA PORNOGRÁFICA E A INTERNET PROFUNDA (DEEP WEB)." Colloquium Socialis 2, Especial 2 (2018): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cs.2018.v02.nesp2.s0271.
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This article will address the new modalities of cyberbullying such as cyberbullying, pornographic revenge and the deep internet known as the deep web, bringing its concepts and definitions to the present legal order, infraconstitutional legislation that deals with cyber crimes together with these new types, bringing insertions and changes in the legislation in force, the most common types of crimes currently committed by the Internet in reference to a considerable growth of cases of this type, where the need to establish a more adequate legislation will be taken into account. specific and applied to curb the criminals who use this means, in order to bring greater legal certainty to those who use the global computer network.
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Whittier, Nancy. "How emotions shape feminist coalitions." European Journal of Women's Studies 28, no. 3 (2021): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505068211029682.
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This article develops a framework for conceptualizing the emotional dimensions of coalitions, with particular focus on how power operates through emotion in different varieties of feminist coalitions. The article proposes three interrelated areas in which emotion shapes feminist coalitions: (1) Feelings towards coalition partners: feelings of mistrust, anger, fear, or their reverse grow from histories of interaction and unequal power. These make up the emotional landscape of intersectional coalitions, which operate through a tension between negative emotions and attempts at empathy or mutual acceptance; (2) Shared feelings: feminist coalitions build on shared fear of threat or anger at a common enemy; and (3) emergent emotions in collective action. Coalition partners possess distinct emotion cultures. Joint collective action can cement bonds when all participants’ emotion cultures are reflected, or weaken coalitions when the reverse is true. In all three of these areas, organizers engage in emotional labour in order to create or maintain coalitions. These three dynamics are illustrated with examples from intersectional feminist coalitions, the Women’s Marches, and interactions between feminists and conservatives opposed to pornography.
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Laffey, Des. "The Ultimate Bluff: A Case Study of Partygaming.Com." Journal of Information Technology 22, no. 4 (2007): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000096.
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June 2005 was to bring online gambling out of the shadows and into the spotlight. PartyGaming, a start-up formed in 1997, launched a flotation (Initial Public Offering) on the London Stock Exchange that valued the firm at £4.64 billion giving it a larger market capitalisation than British Airways. PartyGaming had become the dominant player in the booming online poker market with its PartyPoker brand having over 50% market share. However, this float – as with Internet gambling in general – was not without controversy. While PartyGaming had an online gambling license from the tax haven of Gibraltar, nearly 90% of its revenue came from the United States, where the authorities viewed Internet gambling as illegal and threatened legal action. The complex operations of this truly global firm with bases in London, India, Gibraltar and Canada, the background of its founder Ruth Parasol in Internet pornography and the handling of its flotation also raised concerns from an ethical perspective, with some commentators questioning whether the float should have been allowed at all. These concerns were then confirmed as US legislation to curb online gambling was passed in September 2006, leading to PartyGaming's exit from the US market and an immediate fall of 58% in the share price. This case study analyses the entrepreneurs behind PartyGaming, its growth, the challenges it has faced, the ethical issues it poses and its future prospects. The case draws on theory from e-commerce, strategy and ethics.
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Gray, Garry C., and Tomas Nikolakakos. "The Self-Regulation of Virtual Reality: Issues of Voluntary Compliance and Enforcement in the Video Game Industry." Canadian journal of law and society 22, no. 1 (2007): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100009133.
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RésuméL'industrie du jeu vidéo et d'ordinateur récolte des bénéfices supérieurs aux films d'Hollywood et à la l'industrie de la pornographie—seul l'industrie de la musique excède ses revenus. Les jeux les plus célèbres emploient des représentations encore plus explicites de la criminalité, des drogues, du sexe, et de la violence extrême. En outre, grâce au progrès technologique, le contenu violent et sexuel des jeux vidèo devient de plus en plus réaliste et interactif. En conséquence, des discussions nationales indépendantes ont eu lieu globalement afin de déterminer si les jeux vidéo modernes constituent un nouveau problème social. Dans cette étude, nous effectuons une analyse du contenu interactif des jeux vidéo les plus célèbres, et nous démontrons que le contenu socialement contestable est aussi prévalent que le contenu violent. En plus, nous examinons de quelle manière les jeux vidéo sont côtés par l'Agence américaine d'évaluation des logiciels, ainsi que certaines questions entourant la réglementation volontaire.
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Pérez Dasilva, Jesús, Koldobika Meso Ayerdi, and Terese Mendiguren Galdospin. "Deepfakes on Twitter: Which Actors Control Their Spread?" Media and Communication 9, no. 1 (2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3433.
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The term deepfake was first used in a Reddit post in 2017 to refer to videos manipulated using artificial intelligence techniques and since then it is becoming easier to create such fake videos. A recent investigation by the cybersecurity company Deeptrace in September 2019 indicated that the number of what is known as fake videos had doubled in the last nine months and that most were pornographic videos used as revenge to harm many women. The report also highlighted the potential of this technology to be used in political campaigns such as in Gabon and Malaysia. In this sense, the phenomenon of deepfake has become a concern for governments because it poses a short-term threat not only to politics, but also for fraud or cyberbullying. The starting point of this research was Twitter’s announcement of a change in its protocols to fight fake news and deepfakes. We have used the Social Network Analysis technique, with visualization as a key component, to analyze the conversation on Twitter about the deepfake phenomenon. NodeXL was used to identify main actors and the network of connections between all these accounts. In addition, the semantic networks of the tweets were analyzed to discover hidden patterns of meaning. The results show that half of the actors who function as bridges in the interactions that shape the network are journalists and media, which is a sign of the concern that this sophisticated form of manipulation generates in this collective.
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Mkrtchian, Sona. "Property Crimes in the Blockchain Sphere: New Criminal Schemes and Their Criminal Law Assessment." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 6 (2020): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(6).845-854.
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The sphere of blockchain and circulation of cryptocurrency should be recognized as one of the most dynamically developing branches of economy, and this claim is further supported by its unique features, such as the de-centralized character of the net, the anonymity of users and their actions, the inability to recall or reverse the transaction, and a high volatility of virtual currencies. These characteristics made the blockchain technology attractive not only for law-abiding individuals, but also for criminals. For a long time most legal scholars in Russia and abroad viewed the sphere of blockchain as the sphere of criminal actions connected with illegal trade in goods, services or materials, whose circulation is limited or forbidden (narcotic substances, arms, pornography, etc.), and with laundering of illegal gains or financing terrorism. Current global trends in combating cybercrime leave no doubt that the ideas of the invulnerability of the blockchain net to unsanctioned access through the modifications of codes, the use of malware, the invulnerability to thefts or other property crimes against users or the third party are rather utopian. The legislative practice of recent years shows that these trends have not yet been recognized in our country. The research presented in this article consisted in the analysis of property crimes in the sphere of blockchain that are most common in the global virtual space, including in its Russian segment. The author describes the options for the qualification of such criminal actions provided by the current legislation and used in Russian court practice. The author also identifies the cases when the texts of some Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation do not match the level of public danger and the essence of criminal infringements against property committed with the use of information technologies, including the sphere of blockchain. A number of suggestions on improving the texts of Art. 158, 159.6, 165, 272 and 273 of the CC of the RF are presented.
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Riddell, Fraser. "Queer Music in the Queen’s Hall: Teleny and Decadent Musical Geographies at the Fin de Siècle." Journal of Victorian Culture 25, no. 4 (2020): 593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcaa016.
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Abstract This article examines the significance of music and musical performance in Teleny, or the Reverse of the Medal (1893), an anonymous pornographic novel attributed by some scholars to Oscar Wilde. It draws upon historical material on late-Victorian concert venues, queer literary sub-cultures and sexology to illuminate the representation of musical spaces in the text. Teleny exists in two different versions: an English text, which is set in Paris, and a French text, which is set in London. The opening section of the article suggests that Teleny’s dynamic engagement with cosmopolitan cultural exchange between Paris and London is brought into sharper focus by situating the musical performances in the novel in the precise built environment of London’s Queen Hall. The second section explores the novel’s concern with queer geographies (the Orient, Eastern Europe) in the context of other texts that address music and homosexual identity in the period. The third section examines the significance of space in the novel’s presentation of musical listening, arguing that its focus on the materiality of sound and the haptic transmission of desire responds to sexological conceptions of embodied musical response by homosexual subjects. The significance of this sensory experience of listening is understood in the light of Sara Ahmed’s theorization of ‘queer phenomenology’. Finally, the article traces the significance of musical allusions to songs by Franz Schubert to show how they form part of the novel’s broader concerns with the spatial articulation of same-sex desire and the representation of queer urban geographies.
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Nwafor, Ifeoma E., Ndubuisi Nwafor, and Josiah Alozie. "Revenge Pornography in Nigeria: A Call for Legal Response and Cyber-Censorship of Content by Internet Service Providers." African Journal of Legal Studies, August 4, 2020, 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340061.
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Abstract Revenge pornography is the online distribution of sexually uncensored images or videos of another person without consent and to cause embarrassment or torment. Victims of revenge pornography suffer significant harm, including losing jobs and, in extreme cases, committing suicide. The public blames the victim for the role they played. Rather than victim-blaming, victims deserve a takedown order and criminal liability for uploaders of such images. This study adopts a doctrinal approach; it examines key statutes and their interpretation by Nigerian courts while juxtaposing it with the law and practice in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom was undertaken as a case study because it has a developed jurisprudence which can provide lessons for Nigeria. This study found that the current state of laws in Nigeria is ill-equipped to tackle the menace of revenge pornography. The objective of this study is to offer insights on the prevalence of revenge pornography in Nigeria and suggest legal solutions to address this phenomenon. It canvasses for a non-consensual pornography provision that would criminalise the act of revenge pornography in Nigeria. It also makes a case for cyber-censorship of contents by internet service providers and the need for third-party liability.
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Melody Musoni. "THE CRIMINALISATION OF “REVENGE PORN” IN SOUTH AFRICA." Obiter 40, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v40i1.11308.
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This article aims to give an overview of the growing problem of non-consensual pornography in the digital age. The problem of non-consensual pornography grew exponentially when Hunter Moore created a website called IsAnyoneUp.com and started receiving nude images from scornful ex-lovers who posted them on his website. The article discusses the shortcomings of the legal framework that is designed to address non-consensual pornography. In addition, it discusses the provisions in the Cybercrimes Bill 2017 as it relates to criminalisation of non- consensual pornography.
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Dickson, Alyse. "'Revenge Porn': A Victim Focused Response." UniSA Student Law Review 2 (December 10, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/uslrunisaslr.v2i0.1357.
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This article argues that the Australian Parliament should provide victims of revenge pornography with a victim focused response to enable the fast removal of intimate images from the internet and to mitigate the harm that the ongoing public access to the images can cause. Part I outlines the reasons why revenge pornography has created a new problem for the law. Part II addresses the existing legal remedies and Part III outlines the different approaches that the Australian Parliament could plausibly adopt. It argues that while criminal laws and civil remedies may assist, they do not provide efficient remedies for victims. The article concludes that the Australian Parliament should extend the powers of the Children’s e-Safety Commissioner to deal with adult victims as well as child victims and thereby facilitate the fast removal of revenge pornography from the internet.
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Plater, David. "‘Setting The Boundaries Of Acceptable Behaviour’? South Australia's Latest Legislative Response To Revenge Pornography." UniSA Student Law Review 2 (December 10, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/uslrunisaslr.v2i0.1359.
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The complex contemporary issue of revenge pornography has attracted extensive media, law reform and academic commentary and concern, especially as to the perceived failures of both the civil and criminal law to keep up to date with social and technological changes and to adequately respond to this issue. This article considers the existing remedies under the criminal law to revenge pornography and examines the Summary Offences (Filming and Sexting Offences) Amendment Act 2016 (SA) that came into operation on 28 October 2016. The new Act updates and strengthens the criminal law in South Australia in this area. This article notes that the criminal law is not the exclusive means to address revenge pornography and that there is a need for a wider approach that includes effective civil legal remedies and education and cultural change. However, the criminal law still has a vital role to play in setting the boundaries of acceptable modern behaviour. In this light, it is argued that the new South Australian Act is a timely and welcome legislative addition in addressing revenge pornography.
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Fido, Dean, Craig A. Harper, Mia A. Davis, Dominic Petronzi, and Sophie Worrall. "Intrasexual Competition as a Predictor of Women’s Judgments of Revenge Pornography Offending." Sexual Abuse, December 25, 2019, 107906321989430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219894306.
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Recent legislative developments have led to a marked increase in the empirical investigation of motivations and judgments of so-called acts of “revenge pornography” offending. In two independently sampled studies, we used moderation analyses to investigate whether higher levels of intrasexual competition predicted more lenient judgments of revenge pornography offenses as a function of sex (Study 1, N = 241), and whether such relationships would be further moderated by physical attractiveness (Study 2, N = 402). Potential covariates of callous-unemotional traits, empathy, and victimization history were controlled for. Opposing our hypotheses, we consistently observed a trend for higher levels of intrasexual competition being associated with more lenient judgments of revenge pornography offenses involving male victims by female participants. The results are discussed in terms of intrasexual competition potentially sharing variance with unobserved constructs in the wider sexological literature, and of the key relevance of these findings for future empirical investigation into judgments of nonconsensual image–based offending.
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Lonardo, Thomas, Tricia Martland, and Doug White. "A Legal Examination of Revenge Pornography and Cyber-Harassment." Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15394/jdfsl.2016.1412.
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Carter, Nathan. "The Case for the Criminalisation of Revenge Pornography in Australia." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2834668.
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Dodge, Alexa. "Trading Nudes Like Hockey Cards: Exploring the Diversity of ‘Revenge Porn’ Cases Responded to in Law." Social & Legal Studies, July 8, 2020, 096466392093515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663920935155.
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Popular and scholarly responses to nonconsensual pornography (colloquially known as ‘revenge porn’) have largely, though not exclusively, focused on cases that fit within the paradigmatic mold of men nonconsensually distributing intimate images with the intention to harass or abuse their female partners/ex-partners. However, several recent studies offer evidence that the dynamics of this act are more diverse than previously assumed. In this article I analyze 49 Canadian legal cases to determine the extent to which those cases that make it to the court level fit within the typical framing and to explore the dynamics of cases laying outside this paradigm. I find that, while a large portion of cases fit the commonly imagined pattern, the case law also includes several cases that complicate dominant framings of nonconsensual pornography. Using intersectional and postmodern feminist theory, I argue that this variety of case contexts necessitates more diverse socio-legal understandings of and responses to nonconsensual pornography.
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Morassutti, Erica. "Bitter Dudes Leaking Nudes: An Analysis of the Laws Targeting Revenge Pornography in Ontario." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, May 24, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.11810.
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The non-consensual sharing of intimate images on the Internet presents a uniquely invasive and perpetual kind of privacy invasion. It occurs when a photograph or video depicting nudity or sexual activity – often consensually taken and shared privately with one individual – is then distributed online without the victim’s knowledge or consent. Often intended by a spurned ex-partner to humiliate the victim, the practice is referred to colloquially as “revenge porn”. This paper analyzes recent legal responses to revenge pornography in Ontario.
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Kirchengast, Tyrone. "The Limits of Criminal Law And Justice ‘Revenge Porn’ Criminalisation, Hybrid Responses, And The Ideal Victim." UniSA Student Law Review 2 (December 10, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/uslrunisaslr.v2i0.1360.
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This comment is a response to Alyse Dickson’s article in this volume entitled ‘Revenge Porn: A Victim Focused Response’. Part I considers the challenges that ‘revenge pornography’ raises and considers the difficulties of controlling aberrant sexualised conduct in circumstances where modern technology provides an almost limitless capacity to capture and distribute private images. Part II looks at the wider socio-cultural context, the gendered and sexualised assumptions of hetero-normativity and warns of the risks of overlooking ‘hidden’ individuals or groups that do not align with normative discourses of the ideal victim.
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Henry, Nicola. "Henry Responds To Dickson: ‘Revenge Porn’: A Victim Focused Response." UniSA Student Law Review 2 (December 10, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/uslrunisaslr.v2i0.1358.
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This comment responds to Alyse Dickson’s article in this volume titled ‘Revenge Porn: A Victim Focused Response’. It summarises the difficulty that Australian law has encountered in keeping up with evolving behaviours with emergent digital technologies and provides recommendations for achieving the ‘victim focused response’ that Dickson argues for in her article. The comment begins in Part I by highlighting the problems caused by the term ‘revenge pornography’. Part II explores possible directions for future research and stresses the need for an interdisciplinary approach for any strategy to be truly effective. The comment concludes by arguing that a formal legal response in the form of criminal legislation in all jurisdictions should be implemented.
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Karasavva, V., and A. Forth. "Personality, Attitudinal, and Demographic Predictors of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, September 10, 2021, 088626052110435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605211043586.
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Non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII), or else better known as “revenge pornography” is a form of technology-facilitated sexual violence that can have devastating effects on the victim. This is one of the first studies examining how demographic characteristics (gender, sexual orientation), personality traits (Dark Tetrad), and attitudes (aggrieved entitlement, sexual entitlement, sexual image abuse myth acceptance) predict NCII perpetration and victimization. In a sample of 810 undergraduate students (72.7% female and 23.3% male), 13.7% of the participants had at some point in their life, distributed nude, or sexual pictures of someone else without consent and 28.5% had experienced such victimization. NCII perpetration was predictive of NCII victimization and vice versa. Using binomial logistic regression, we found that women, members of the LGBQ+ community, those scoring higher in sadism, and participants with a history of NCII perpetration were more likely to report that someone had distributed their nude or sexual image without consent. Further, we found that those scoring higher in narcissism and sadism, along with those with a history of NCII victimization were more likely to report they had distributed the nude or sexual image of someone else without consent. Finally, the findings suggest that the relationship between victims and perpetrators is quite a bit more varied than the term “revenge pornography” implies.
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Bond, Emma, and Katie Tyrrell. "Understanding Revenge Pornography: A National Survey of Police Officers and Staff in England and Wales." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, February 23, 2018, 088626051876001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760011.
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Lalli, Jaideep Singh. "Maryland’s Underage Sexting Case: Punishing Revenge Porn Victims?" Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice, August 5, 2021, 251660692110332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166069211033212.
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In 2019, the US State of Maryland’s highest court upheld the conviction of a 16-year-old minor for distributing her own ‘child pornography’ when she privately sent a clip of her performing a (completely legal) sexual act to a social media group of which only she and her two best friends were members. Considering that the child porn statute was never meant to prosecute legal and consensual sexting, this criminalization appears to be contra legem in light of the fact that the Court would not have regarded it as an offence if the girl was two years older (which does not make any difference to the legality of the sexual act since the age of sexual consent in Maryland is 16). The Court’s penalization of this act of sexting seems inappositely puritanical especially when it is noted that the convict was a victim of ‘revenge porn’ since one of the two friends leaked the clip in her school in an apparent act of revenge after their friendship ended. This paper analyses both the majority and dissenting opinions of this 2019 judgment to come to the conclusion that the majority ignores the true purport of the US Supreme Court decisions and wrongly invokes the doctrines for interpreting legislative intent to buttress its stance. As Maryland has criminalized acts of ‘revenge porn’, this article’s focus extends to examining how the Court’s failure of factoring in the effect of Maryland’s ‘revenge porn’ statute in discerning the legislative intent of the ‘child porn’ statute has produced an aberration of a statutory interpretation.