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1
ERGÜDEN, A. Engin. "IFRS 15." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, no. 1 (2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i1.650.
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Revenue is one of the most important performance and size indicators for businesses. A new standard, which has more comprehensive and comparable feature to eliminate the deficiencies in the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standart)-15 Revenue From Customer Contracts Standard published on 15.01.2019 and the old revenue (IAS-18 Revenue and IAS (Inernational Accounting Standarts) -11 Construction Contracts) standards to be applied in the accounting periods starting after 01.01.2018, has been introduced. The most important purpose of the standard is to eliminate the uncertainties and deficiencies in the old standards with a five-step model on important issues related to when and what amount of the revenue based on the contract with customers will be accounted.
 
 According to IFRS-15 Revenue From Customer Contracts Standard, which is applied for the accurate reporting of revenues, comprehensive analysis of the financial table footnotes of the businesses in the tourism sector concerning presentation of the records related to the revenue in the financial statements in the footnotes, the contracts placed with the customer of the enterprise, important evaluations in the application of the standard and the transaction costs incurred in the financial statements as an asset has been the scope of this study.
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Haenel, Christina M., Hauke A. Wetzel, and Maik Hammerschmidt. "The Perils of Service Contract Divestment: When and Why Customers Seek Revenge and How It Can Be Attenuated." Journal of Service Research 22, no. 3 (2019): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835312.
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Profitability considerations lead service providers to divest from customer service contracts, either by service contract demotion (cutting back services) or by service contract termination (ending service provision). Such initiatives have been associated with customer revenge. The pressing question for practitioners is which divestment approach has a stronger or weaker effect on customer revenge. Drawing on justice and appraisal theories, the authors suggest that the answer depends on customers’ predivestment satisfaction and on the provision of financial compensation or apology. Three experiments and a critical incident study reveal that for previously satisfied customers, service termination entails a stronger effect on customer revenge, while for previously dissatisfied customers, service demotion entails a stronger effect. The findings further demonstrate that offering financial compensation or an apology can mitigate or exacerbate the effect, highlighting the need to align these divestment handling instruments with the divestment approach chosen and customers’ predivestment satisfaction. The findings also show that the effect can be explained by customer anger. Overall, this article provides guidance on how to divest whom in order to mitigate detrimental effects.
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Mohanty, Biraj Kumar, and Saroj Kumar Routray. "Revenue from contracts: cash vs accrual." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2019-0276.
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Learning outcomes The case provides an insight on the provisions of the IND AS 115 (largely converging with IFRS 15), financial impact of alternative accounting practices and dynamics of a revenue recognition decision. MBA students can use the knowledge derived from the case at their workplace when they encounter accounting of “revenue from a contract with customers”. Case overview/synopsis Saifudin Rehman, one of the promoter of Suprajeet Corporation (SUC) had been engaged in electrical installation contract business. The firm had been doing well in the field of small contracts and was having steady growth. People in the firm were also quite acquainted with the kind of contracts they were doing. However, Saifudin always wanted to get into a big contract business. For getting into big installation contracts, the corporation needed more working capital and needed to satisfy the criteria of having a high amount of turnover in the preceding year. The case will be looked into from the perspective of accounting procedure to see the possibility of increasing the revenue by changing the method of accounting in relation to revenue recognition. The case provided the opportunity to evaluate the benefits and the costs involved in changing the accounting method in SUC. Complexity academic level Commerce Graduates and MBA I. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Shatunov, Eduard. "Features of Applying the New Revenue Recognition Model Under the IFRS." Auditor 6, no. 7 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-36-46.
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The article is devoted to topical issues of applying IFRS 15 "Revenue from contracts with customers" the Standard provides a new approach to revenue recognition, consisting of five consecutive steps to analyze the terms of sale in the contract with the buyer. The article considers examples of identification of obligations to perform depending on the terms of the contract and the features of the goods and services provided to the buyer.
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Shatunov, Eduard. "Eatures of Applying the New Revenue Recognition Model Under the IFRS." Auditor 6, no. 8 (2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-46-51.
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Th e article is devoted to topical issues of applying IFRS 15 «Revenue from contracts with customers». The Standard provides a new approach to revenue recognition, consisting of fi ve consecutive steps to analyze the terms of sale in the contract with the buyer. Th e article considers examples of identifi cation of obligations to perform depending on the terms of the contract and the features of the goods and services provided to the buyer.
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Gray, Dahli, and Ruben Torres. "Accounting for Business Combinations (Topic 805)." World Journal of Business and Management 5, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v5i2.15031.
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This article discusses the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 805, as promulgated by the 2019 Accounting Standards Update (ASU) concerning Business Combinations. It focuses on revenue from contracts with customers. Several concerns regarding how and when to recognize an assumed liability after a business combination were raised by users and preparers of financial statements. Concerns emerged from the differing views on how a liability (that is, performance obligation) is defined within the FASB ASC Topic 606 regarding revenue from contracts with customers. Determining how and if a contract liability is recognized in a business combination from a revenue contract were the major concerns. This article reviews a brief history of business combinations and contracts with customers. It explores the issue from various accounting perspectives (such as financial and managerial accounting, tax accounting, governmental accounting issues, ethical implications, and international accounting). Potential questions for future research regarding this topic are presented. The 16 Comment Letters sent to the FASB are discussed. The results of a survey administered as part of this research are presented.
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Brink, Sophia. "The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 2)." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, no. 2 (2017): 206–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i2.14.
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Most credit card issuers offer their card holders participation in a customer loyalty programme. On 1 July 2007 the IASB issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Despite the fact that credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). These divergent practices make one question the relevance of the current guidance provided in IFRIC 13 to credit card rewards programmes; otherwise what is the reason behind credit card rewards programmes accounting for these transactions differently? During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. The aim of IFRS 15 is to streamline accounting for revenue across all industries and to correct inconsistencies in existing Standards and practices. Credit card rewards programme respondents raised many queries and uncertainties based on the proposed model but despite these concerns the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes. They indicated that they leave it up to management
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Brink, Sophia. "The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 1)." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, no. 1 (2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i1.8.
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Credit card rewards programmes are a common phenomenon in the South African market. On 1 July 2007 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Although credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. Currently there is uncertainty whether or not a credit card rewards programme transaction falls within the scope of IFRS 15. Despite concerns raised the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes and indicated that they leave it up to management
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Ahmed, Muhammad S., and John Weisgerber. "The Motivation Based on Customer Interaction." Archives of Business Research 7, no. 9 (2019): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.79.6922.
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Many factors and theories of motivation apply broadly to workers regardless of profession. The prior research has shown that engineers and knowledge workers are highly motivated by intrinsic and non-monetary factors such as challenging work, recognition for good results, and the opportunity for professional growth. Therefore, the nature of their assigned tasks and their ability to complete their work in an efficient and robust way are highly related to motivation. Product Development Engineers (PDEs) play a crucial role in creating value and revenue for companies via the development of useful new products for customers. It is, however, a general observation that PDEs in automotive companies, especially at original equipment manufacturer, OEM, levels, often have minimal or no interaction with the end customer. With the advent of hybrid, electric, and autonomous vehicles, PDE working in the automotive industry, APDEs, has seen a shift in their role and responsibilities from traditional automotive PDEs. APDEs mostly receive customer input indirectly from management or through a marketing organization. This is in contrast to other professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and architects who frequently interact directly with their customers. 
 This paper presents the finding of qualitative research, examining the relationship between APDEs interaction with customers, and achieving clear customer inputs. The paper investigates differences among various types of APDEs and seeks further insights as to the motivational impact of customer inputs on automotive PDEs. It also probes the question if there are any differences among various types of automotive PDEs when it comes to motivation. The paper concludes that, for some types of APDEs, the lack of customer interaction is a motivational disadvantage while for the others it is not. It also concludes that further research needs to be conducted in order to find the reasons for such discrepancies.
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Chhetri, Prem, Booi Kam, Kwok Hung Lau, Brian Corbitt, and France Cheong. "Improving service responsiveness and delivery efficiency of retail networks." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45, no. 3 (2017): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2016-0117.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a retail distribution network can be rationalised from a spatial perspective to improve service responsiveness and delivery efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies spatial analytics to examine variability of demand, both spatially and from a service delivery perspective, for an auto-parts retail network. Spatial analytics are applied to map the location of stores and customers to represent demand and service delivery patterns and to delineate market areas. Findings Results show significant spatial clustering in customer demand; whilst the delivery of products to customers, in contrast, is spatially dispersed. There is a substantial gap between revenue generated and costs. Market area analysis shows significant overlap, whereby stores compete with each other for business. In total, 80 per cent of customers can be reached within a 15-minute-radius, whilst only 20 per cent lies outside the market areas. Segmentation analysis of customers, based on service delivery, also shows the prevalence of the Pareto principle or 80:20 rule whereby 80 per cent of the revenue is generated by 20 per cent of customers. Practical implications Spatially integrated strategies are suggested to improve the efficiency of the retail network. It is recommended that less accessible and unprofitable customers could be either charged extra delivery cost or outsourced without the risk of a substantial reduction in revenue or quality of service delivery. Originality/value Innovative application of spatial analytics is used to analyse and visualise unit-record sales data to generate practical solutions to improve retail network responsiveness and operational efficiency.
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Ervinda, Moch Yasin Dwi, and Muhammad Hadiyan Ridho. "Dampak IFRS 15 Bagi Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan Konstruksi." Keberlanjutan : Jurnal Manajemen dan Jurnal Akuntansi 5, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/keberlanjutan.v5i1.y2020.p38-50.
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This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of IFRS 15 associated with the recognition of contract revenue with customers at the Boygues SA company in France. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. The steps taken in this study by using content analysis that is collecting data, documenting and analyzing. This study uses the 2017 financial statements before and after implementation of IFRS 15 as a basis for evaluating the impact from those implemetation. The results showed that the application of IFRS 15 did not significantly influence the company's revenue or overall Financial Report.
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Lancaster, Thomas. "Profiling the international academic ghost writers who are providing low-cost essays and assignments for the contract cheating industry." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, no. 1 (2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-04-2018-0040.
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Purpose Students have direct access to academic ghost writers who are able to provide for their assessment needs without the student needing to do any of the work. These ghost writers are helping to fuel the international industry of contract cheating, raising ethical dilemmas, but not much is known about the writers, their business or how they operate. This paper aims to explore how the ghost writers market their services and operate, based on observable information. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews data from providers actively offering contract cheating services available to the public on Fiverr.com, a low-cost micro outsourcing site. The search term write essay is used to identify providers, finding 103 Gigs from 96 unique providers. Visible information, such as provider marketing, advertised services, pricing information and customer reviews, is analysed. Findings The results demonstrate that bespoke essays are readily available to students at a low cost. The majority of providers operate from Kenya. Revenue calculations indicate a price point of US$31.73 per 1,000 words, below the cost of traditional essay mills, but show that these 96 providers have generated around US$270,000 of essay writing business between them. Originality/value This study affords a look into a complex and established industry whose inner workings are normally kept private and for which little published information currently exists. The research adds to what is known about the extent, location and operation of the contract cheating industry.
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Дадыкин, Валерий, Valeriy Dadykin, Ольга Дадыкина, and Olga Dadykina. "Improvement of the contract system in the sphere of purchase based on geological-economic monitoring." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2018): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3ce9e8eaf320.52816972.
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The questions of optimizing the reproduction indices of mineral and raw materials base are determined by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law No. 44-FZ of 05.04.2013 and are caused by a discrepancy between the economic interests of participants in the procurement process. Rosnedra, as a state customer, organizes purchases. The subjects entering into relations with the state customer in the stage of determining the supplier are legally independent geological organizations with their own means of production. The main indicator of their activity is maximization of revenue and profits from fulfillment of orders. For federal, regional and local government bodies, the goal is to maintain geological services markets, develop a regional mineral resource base. It follows that economic motivations of potential participants do not always coincide, and sometimes even contradict each other. In our opinion, one of the ways to maintain reproductive cycles of the mineral resource base is to use geoinformation systems in geological exploration modeling through the classification of methods and tools, determining composition of the modules consisting of indicators, conducting their peer review. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize the provisions of the contract system in the procurement segment and propose the ways to improve it, based on geological and economic monitoring, to group monitoring indicators into three interacting functional blocks within a single data warehouse: mineral resource base, mineral resource complex and mineral resources potential. The research methodology includes analysis of subsoil users operating in the region; deposits with industrial categories; deposits with geological reserves; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P1; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P2; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P3. As a result, the authors carry out an expert assessment of the limit values of indicators for the mining zones of the Bryansk region, on the basis of which it is concluded on the feasibility of use of geological and economic monitoring with respect to information support of the contract system in the procurement sphere.
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Zheng, Qi, Petros Ieromonachou, Tijun Fan, and Li Zhou. "Supply chain contracting coordination for fresh products with fresh-keeping effort." Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, no. 3 (2017): 538–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2016-0139.
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Purpose Fresh product loss rates in supply chain operations are particularly high due to the nature of perishable products. The purpose of this paper is to maximize profit through the contract between retailer and supplier. The optimized prices for the retailer and the supplier, taking the fresh-keeping effort into consideration, are derived. Design/methodology/approach To address this issue, the authors consider a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a retailer and a supplier (i.e. wholesaler) for two scenarios: centralized and decentralized decision making. The authors start from investigating the optimal decision in the centralized supply chain and then comparing the results with those of the decentralized decision. Meanwhile, a fresh-keeping cost-sharing contract and a fresh-keeping cost- and revenue-sharing contract are designed. Numerical examples are provided, and managerial insights are discussed at the end. Findings The results show that the centralized decision is more profitable than the decentralized decision; a fresh product supply chain (FPSC) can only be coordinated through a fresh-keeping cost- and revenue-sharing contract; the optimal retail price, wholesale price and fresh-keeping effort can all be achieved; and the profit of a FPSC is positively related to consumers’ sensitivity to freshness and negatively correlated with their sensitivity to price. Research limitations/implications This research is based on the assumption that demand is relatively stable. It has not addressed when demand is stochastic. Practical implications The findings would be useful for managers in fresh food sector in terms of how to deal with suppliers in order to maximize total profit while also provide freshest food to the customers. Originality/value Few studies have considered fresh-keeping effort as a decision variable in the modelling of supply chain. In this paper, a mathematical model for the fresh-keeping effort and for price decisions in a supply chain is developed. In particular, fresh-keeping cost-sharing contract and revenue-sharing contract are examined simultaneously in the study of the supply chain coordination problem.
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Van der Kuij-Groenberg, Katja, and Maarten Pronk. "Impact van IFRS 15." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 93, no. 11/12 (2019): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.93.39539.
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IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers is voor het eerst van toepassing op jaarrekeningen met een boekjaar aanvangend op of na 1 januari 2018. Wij analyseren de effecten van deze nieuwe standaard voor 66 Europese beursgenoteerde ondernemingen. In een meerderheid van de onderzochte jaarrekeningen is het effect van de eerste toepassing van IFRS 15 op eigen vermogen en omzet niet materieel. Bedrijfstakken die het meest zijn geraakt, zijn Telecommunications en Utilities. De timing van de omzet wordt het meest genoemd als oorzaak van de impact, gevolgd door het activeren van de kosten van het verkrijgen van een contract. De werkelijke impact wijkt niet veel af van de vorig jaar ingeschatte impact.
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Zhu, Xi, Fei Zhao, Juan Li, Yongsheng Bai, and Qiwei Hu. "Maintenance Optimization Based on Three-Stage Failure Process under Performance-Based Contracting." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6323844.
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As a new form of support contract, performance-based contracting has been extensively applied in both public and private sectors. However, maintenance policies under performance-based contracting have not gotten enough attention. In this paper, a preventive maintenance optimization model based on three-stage failure process for a single-component system is investigated with an objective of maximizing the profit and improving system performance at a lower cost under performance-based contracting. Different from conventional optimization models, the step revenue function is used to correlate profit with availability and cost. Then, a maintenance optimization model is proposed to maximize profit by optimizing the inspection interval. Moreover, the customers’ upper limit of funds is considered when we use the revenue function, which has rarely been considered in past studies. Finally, a case study on the cold water pumps along with comparison of linear and step revenue function and sensitivity analysis is provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed approach.
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Hamidah, Siti, and Prayudo Eri Yandono. "AKAD PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH MENURUT PEMAHAMAN NASABAH BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (Studi Pada BMT Al-Aziz Tongas Probolinggo)." JURISDICTIE 7, no. 2 (2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v7i2.3850.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) as a financial institution</em><em>in Indonesia must compliance to the Islamic law, namely Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). But in reality shows the opposite. One of the causes is the lack of consciousness the laws of society. This empirical research wants to find out how customers of BMT in Tongas Probolinggo understanding against mudharabah contract.</em> <em>Research is done by approach juridical antropologis.</em><em> Lack of understanding of the customer against the mudharabah contract mis-information by the BMT. Besides, experience customers factors associated with financial institutions formerly also affect. Mudharabah contract still understood as the loan with the obligation of paying interest, not as a result of ratio a share of the revenue. Collateral in mudharabah contract is also seen as a matter a reasonable. However, the understanding BMT’s customers to the values of contract, namely trust, justice, honesty, and mutually beneficial, are good in general. This can not be separated from the influence of social and cultural of the locations of this research.</em></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><em>Baitul Maal wat Tamwil </em>(BMT) dalam menjalankan kegiatannya harus patuh pada ketentuan hukum Islam, yaitu Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). Dalam kenyataannya, kepatuhan pada ketentuan syariah banyak disimpangi. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Berlatar belakang hal di atas, maka penelitian berjenis empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis antropologis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentidikasi dan mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis pemahaman nasabah terhadap akad <em>mudharaba </em>di BMT Al-Aziz Tongas Probolinggo. Rendahnya pemahaman nasabah BMT terhadap akad <em>mudharabah </em>adalah karena penjelasan pihak BMT yang kurang tepat. Di samping itu pengalaman nasabah berhutang pada lembaga keuangan konvensional, rentenir dan lainnya membentuk pemahaman tentang akad <em>mudharabah </em>yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah. Akad <em>mudharabah</em>dimaknai sebagai perjanjian utang-piutang dengan kewajiban membayar bunga, bukan berdasar ratio bagi hasil. Kewajiban jaminan juga dipahami sebagai sesuatu yang wajar. Namun demikian, pemahaman nasabah BMT terhadap nilai-nilai akad, yaitu kepercayaan, keadilan, kejujuran, serta saling menguntungkan, sangat baik, hal ini tidak lepas dari pengaruh sosial budaya masyarakat setempat.
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Anagnostopoulou, Seraina C., Dimitrios Buhalis, Ioanna L. Kountouri, Eleftherios G. Manousakis, and Andrianos E. Tsekrekos. "The impact of online reputation on hotel profitability." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 1 (2020): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2019-0247.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of online customer reputation on financial profitability. Design/methodology/approach Online reputation is captured by extracting the most recurring textual themes associated with customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, expressed within positive vs negative online guest reviews on Booking.com. Latent semantic analysis is used for textual analysis. Proxies of overall financial performance are manually constructed for the sample hotels, using financial data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database. Ordinary least squares is used to gauge the effect of online customer reputation on financial profitability. Findings Empirical findings indicate that recurring textual themes from positive online reviews (in contrast to negative reviews) exhibit a higher degree of homogeneity and consensus. The themes repeated in positive, but not in negative reviews, are found to significantly associate with hotel financial performance. Results contribute to the discussion about the measurable effect of online reputation on financial performance. Originality/value Contemporary quantitative methods are used to extract online reputation for a sample of UK hotels and associate this reputation with bottom-line financial profitability. The relationship between online reputation, as manifested within hotel guest reviews, and the financial performance of hotels is examined. Financial profitability is the result of revenues, reduced by the costs incurred in order to be able to offer a given level of service. Previous studies have mainly focused on basic measures of performance, i.e. revenue generation, rather than bottom-line profitability. By combining online guest reviews from travel websites (Booking.com) with financial measures of enterprise performance (FAME), this study makes a meaningful contribution to the strategic management of hotel businesses.
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Hwangbo, Hyunwoo, Jonghyuk Kim, Zoonky Lee, and Soyean Kim. "Store layout optimization using indoor positioning system." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13, no. 2 (2017): 155014771769258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147717692585.
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Indoor positioning systems have attracted considerable attention from practitioners and firms seeking to optimize the consumer shopping experience with the goal of attaining increased revenue and profitability. Acknowledging the importance of indoor positioning systems in store layout optimization, we conducted a field experiment for 11 months in order to develop algorithms for connecting indoor positioning data with customer transaction data. Using fingerprinting as a primary data collection technique, we compared positioning and transaction data before and after critical store layout optimization decisions in order to identify which customer movement patterns generated the highest sales. In contrast to previous works on indoor positioning systems, which focused solely on developing algorithms or techniques to increase accuracy rates, our algorithms in principle integrate computing and marketing perspectives. Our findings can be applied to store layout optimization and personalized marketing.
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van Duuren, Roy, and Ralph ter Hoeven. "Kwaliteit toelichting omzet in jaarrekening van Europese bouwondernemingen." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 94, no. 11/12 (2020): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.94.58837.
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In dit artikel wordt de toepassing van IFRS 15 Revenue from Contract with Customers onderzocht voor een populatie van bouwondernemingen en projectontwikkelaars over de boekjaren 2018 en 2019. Het onderzoek richt zich op de informatiewaarde van de aan IFRS 15 gerelateerde toelichtingen en beoogt eventuele leereffecten te onderkennen in het tweede jaar van toepassing van IFRS 15. Om die reden zijn zowel de boekjaren 2018 als 2019 onderzocht. De uitkomsten laten zien dat er beperkte leereffecten te onderkennen zijn en dat de kwaliteit van toelichtingen sterk varieert in de door ons onderzochte doelgroep. Op basis van best practices worden aanbevelingen geformuleerd ter verhoging van de kwaliteit.
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PLAKSIENKO, Valeriy Ya, and Yulia O. ROMANCHENKO. "ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL PROVISION OF MARKETING SERVICES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-6.
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Introduction. The modern business requires effective management of marketing activities, the development of optimal tools for planning, accounting and control of marketing costs. The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize approaches to determine the marketing services nature, their relevance in order to minimize risk in making management decisions in the course of enterprise business activities, as well as to cover accounting and analytical support of marketing services, aimed at actually receiving revenue from the planned activities and saving the capital of the enterprise. Results. The regulatory framework that determines the economic essence of marketing and reflects the marketing services of an enterprise in accounting as a part of sales costs is investigated. Accounting of marketing costs is a difficult accounting process which depends of identifying them. The connection of the documentary support of marketing expenses with the economic activity of the customer is proved. It is the purpose of using the purchased services, not the specific outcome, that is relevant to the business. The accounting and analytical support of marketing services is covered which is aimed at the actual receipt of revenues from the planned activity and preservation of the capital of the enterpris. The registration order of the basic documentation confirming the fact of granting and ordering of marketing researches is determined. Conclusions. It is important to monitor marketing operations, the feasibility of marketing costs, and so on in today's business environment. The provision and receipt of marketing services must be documented in such way: a marketing service agreement and an order for marketing activities. The business activity is confirmed by the act of service rendered and the report on marketing activities. Keywords: administrative costs, sales costs, act of services rendered, costs, contract, report on marketing activities, accounting, marketing, marketing services, marketing research.
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Losevaa, O. V., T. V. Tazikhina, and M. A. Fedotova. "Management of the Process of R & D Cost Formation in State Scientific and Educational Institutions." Management Science 8, no. 4 (2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2304-022x-2018-8-4-40-50.
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Management of the process of research and development cost formation (hereinafter — R & D) in Russian scientific organizations and institutions of higher education is an urgent task in an environment where budget funding for research is reduced, and the universities themselves are interested in increasing their revenues from fundamental, applied research and experimental development. In addition, the rating of educational institutions, their competitiveness in the market of intellectual services, including, depends on the number of successfully implemented together with business partners of innovative projects that are based on research and development, the number of commercialized results of intellectual activity (hereinafter-R&D) and concluded state contracts. Methods of algorithmization, modeling, calculation coefficients, expert estimates, determination of the initial (maximum) price of the contract have been used. Research result: Two models of research performance cost formation by the educational and scientific organizations are presented: 1) on the state task; 2) on other types of R&D. In the first case, the model is based on the allocated subsidy for the implementation of the state task, adjusted for the coefficient of labor intensity increase, which is calculated on the basis of the criteria of scientific, technical and consumer efficiency of research. The final labor intensity increase coefficient is a rating of the application of a particular creative team to perform research. In the second case, the fundamental element of value formation is the initial (maximum) price of the contract, which can be determined on the basis of cost, comparative or income approach, as well as (in the case of the state customer) by summing tax revenues to the budgets of all levels from the production and sale of high-tech products. The total value is defined as the minimum value of the contract prices calculated by different methods. The developed models of value formation can be used to build a methodology for determining the cost of R&D
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Rizuwan, Malik. "Implementasi Prinsip Bagi Hasil dan Resiko di Perbankan Syariah (Studi di Bank Aceh Syariah Cabang Meulaboh Aceh Barat)." Tadabbur: Jurnal Peradaban Islam 1, no. 2 (2019): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/tadabbur.v1i2.33.
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This research entitled Implementation of Profit Sharing and Risk in Sharia Banking (Study at Bank Aceh Syariah Branch Meulaboh West Aceh), with the aim of: First, to know the implementation of aqad funding products at Bank Aceh Syari'ah Branch Meulaboh. Second, to know the implementation of financing product aqad at Bank Aceh Syari'ah Branch Meulaboh and Third, to know the obstacle in implementation of profit sharing principle and risk at Bank Aceh Syari'ah Branch Meulaboh. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques such as observation, interview and documentation. While the results of this study indicate that: First, the implementation of aqad funding products at Bank Aceh Syariah Branch Meulaboh done using wadi'ah and Mudharabah principles. Wadi'ah principle with aqad wadi'ah giro product and wadi'ah savings. While the principle of mudharabah using mudharabah savings account and mudharabah deposit. In the calculation of profit sharing only on the principle of mudharabah while in principle wadi'ah only a bonus given to the willingness of the bank. The calculation pattern for the results is by using the revenue sharing principle which means the calculation of the total revenue from the management of funds and the amount of the share of profit sharing depends on the initial agreement. Second, the implementation of aqad of financing products at Bank Aceh Syariah Branch Meulaboh using several contracts such as purchase and purchase agreement, profit sharing contract, lease agreement, contract and guarantee credentials trust. The profit-sharing agreement uses mudaraba and musharaka. In the implementation of financing with this principle is still low compared with other financing principles such as murabaha, this is due to several factors such as the difficulty of finding and obtaining honest customers, good character and high integrity, high risk to be borne by banks, the attitude of people who still consider banking products sharia is the same as conventional banks and the absence of moral standards in financing activities for the results. Third. obstacles in the implementation of profit sharing principles and risks at Bank Aceh Syari'ah Branch Meulaboh such as Human Resources, Sharia Banking Management, Limited Office Network, and still weak government regulations on Sharia Banking.
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LEVYTSKA, Inna. "REVENUE MANAGEMENT IN HOTEL BUSINESS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-12.
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The article defines the most effective methods of managing hotel revenues and methods of their use, which in turn will create competitive advantages and make the sale of hotel services stable, and the activity of hotel enterprises more profitable. The concept of Revenue management in the hotel business is disclosed, which is a technology that determines the best price for hotel room on the basis of demand forecasting, that is, the sale of the necessary number to the client at the right moment at the right price. The basic pricing objectives of the hotel company have been developed, which should not be considered separately, but should be in line with the marketing strategy of the enterprise development. Interdependence of the level of loading of hotel rooms from the reduction of prices is determined. The obtained data testify that the price reduction even by 1% requires an increase in loading of hotel rooms by almost 1% to cover losses as a result of income reduction. The goal of the pricing strategy, aimed at achieving the goals as the services to be offered, are proposed, hotels are trying to outdo competitors by maximizing the quality of services. The principles, which should be used by hotel companies that master flexible pricing methods from the point of view of marketing complex: the choice of pricing policy should be closely related to the positioning of the hotel company services; A correlation of the pricing strategy with the definition of the stage of the life cycle, on which the hotel product is located, is very important for the process of formation of prices. The mechanism of calculation of sales prices for hotel services is offered. These approaches should be considered in the pricing policies of the hotel company, depending on the services they provide. The stages of the analysis are determined: market research, hotel product life cycle, task setting of pricing depending on the goals of the hotel company, determination of the marginal range of price fluctuations, determination of the most optimal range of prices. Analysis of prices and range of competitors' services, choice of method of pricing, adjustment of the basic price level, establishment of the final price. The method of "discriminatory pricing" is described and examples of the use of this method are given. The concept of "Price discrimination" is defined, which is a useful tool for smoothing the supply and demand, providing additional income and profit to most hospitality establishments. This method of pricing uses reductions / increases in prices to attract additional customers and revenue without lowering / raising prices for all. A detailed description of the multiplier effect method used in the calculation of prices. The essence of the multiplier method is to calculate the multiplier, which shows how many times the dependent factor (profit) increases or decreases if the independent factor is changed to one. The calculation of the budget based on the multiplicative method in the hotel "Ramada Lviv" was carried out. The number of indicators given in the calculations may increase depending on the specifics of the enterprise. Constant costs are the sum of personnel costs, operating costs, management, depreciation, etc., each of which is considered as an independent factor of impact on profits. Variable costs depend on the volume of goods turnover; therefore, they should include such expenses as additional wages, production raw materials, related and consumable materials. It is characterized by a revenue management system in a hotel that requires a reliable database. A good revenue management system will benefit the hotel and customer. Cost-effectiveness factors (fixed costs of fixed assets and operating costs, variable costs of services) have a completely different range of actions than market-oriented factors (price, cost of services, loading of numbers, etc.). It is determined that for hotels, comparing the influence of various factors on profit, it can be argued that the impact of trade turnover is more significant than the impact of costs. An estimation of the importance of the factors that create the multiplicative effect, which was ranked, depending on their impact on profit. It was found that prices, which are in close connection with all elements of the marketing complex, determine the profitability of the hotel company, its life cycle and financial stability. At the same time, the choice of pricing methods and pricing policies largely depends on the goals and strategies of the hotel company in the selected segment of the market. The proposed mechanism for calculating the sale price of a hotel company is based on a multiplicative method, which includes: the definition of key indicators that affect the profit, including prices; calculation of profit when changing these indicators; estimation of the importance of the impact on the profit of each selected indicator; the choice of the most appropriate variant of profit. The development of market relations in Ukraine and in advanced economies is somewhat similar, therefore, the generalization and dissemination of the best foreign and domestic income management experience based on marketing will improve the efficiency of the hotel industry. Prospects for further research are the development of new strategies aimed at gaining market share, improving hotel services, increasing consumer demand through the interaction of factors of price and quality, promotion of the brand, introduction of new forms of management, including franchising and management contracts, electronic sales of hotels services.
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Mujaddidi, Ahmad Shibghatullah. "Implikasi Teori Percampuran Akad Mudharabah Dan Musyarakah Terhadap Perbankan Syariah (Studi Kasus Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Sumenep)." Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi (MANOVA) 3, no. 1 (2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/manova.v3i1.202.
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 This paper aims at describing the implications of the theory of mixing and its products towards Islamic banking and Islamic financial institutions. A qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach was implemented in this study. The object of the current study was Sub-Branch Office (KCP) of the Syariah Mandiri Bank in Sumenep Regency. The results of this study indicated that the products of the Syariah Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep in terms of the Musharaka financing contract consists of Musharaka mutanaqishah and musharaka of network capital. Musharaka mutanaqisha is applied in home financing in which the profits are obtained from the margin agreed by all parties. While, the musharaka of network capital uses a profit sharing system in which the profits are calculated through a revenue sharing system. In terms of juridical law, the Syariah Mandiri bank KCP Sumenep has followed the rules stated in the Sharia banking law of 2008 as well as in the fatwa of the National Sharia Board. Whereas, in the case of the application of musharaka accounting that has been regulated in International Financial Report Standard (PSAK), Sharia Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep has accordingly applied the contract accounting of musharaka as regulated in PSAK 106. However, in terms of account recording (estimation), Islamic banks have not obeyed the rules stated in PSAK 106. Furthermore, this study concludes that there are still many customers who do not understand the contract of mudharabah at Syariah Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep. It due to the lack of socialization from the banks to the public. In juridical perspective, the Sharia Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep do not implements mudharabah contract based on fatwa of the National Sharia Board and do not apply the accounting based on PSAK 105. Therefore, it is categorized as Islamic/ sharia financial engineering.
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Sun, Tianshu, Siva Viswanathan, Ni Huang, and Elena Zheleva. "Designing Promotional Incentives to Embrace Social Sharing: Evidence from Field and Online Experiments." MIS Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2021): 789–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2021/15352.
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Despite the increasing connectivity between consumers and the large volume of social shares supported by digital technologies, there is an absence of research systematically investigating how firms can design promotional incentives that jointly consider their consumers as both purchasers and sharers. In this study, we examine whether and how firms can leverage consumers’ social connections and engage consumers to share promotional incentives. In collaboration with a leading online deal platform, we report a large-scale randomized field experiment to test the effectiveness of different incentive designs (varying in the shareability and scarcity of promotion codes) in driving social sharing senders’ purchases and successful referrals. We find that the different incentive designs have distinct impacts on the purchase and referral outcomes. Specifically, providing senders with one non-shareable promo code significantly increases their own purchase likelihood, compared to the other experimental groups. In contrast, senders who receive one shareable promo code are less likely to purchase themselves yet are more likely to make successful referrals. Surprisingly, the incentive design with two promo codes containing one non-shareable code and one shareable code increases neither the senders’ purchases nor their successful referrals. Managerially, we estimate that although the one non-shareable promo code group derives the highest net revenue for the experimental period, the one shareable promo code group derives the highest customer lifetime value for the firm from the new customers acquired through the successful referrals. We further conducted two online experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk that replicate the field experiment’s findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed relationships. We find that exclusivity perception and social motives triggered by the incentive designs with one promo code mediate their effects on senders’ self-purchases and successful referrals, respectively, and explain the ineffectiveness of two promo codes. Our study contributes to the bodies of literature on IT-enabled social sharing and social promotions, providing implications for firms on how to design promotional incentives that accommodate the dual role of consumers as purchasers and sharers.
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Khersiat, Ola Mohammad. "Impact of the Application of IFRS 15 on the Profitability of Jordanian Telecom Companies (Case Study: Jordan Orange Telecom)." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p308.
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This study investigates the impact of applying IFRS 15 standard on the profitability of Jordanian telecommunications companies (case study: Jordan Orange Telecom). The study addresses three independent variables, namely, contract revenue, customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities and their impact on the ROA, ROE and PM in Orange Jordan. The researcher has investigated the relationship and impact of the independent variables on dependent variables by analysing financial statements after applying IFRS15 for 2017, 2018, 2019. The study concludes that there is a relationship and impact between contract revenue and ROA and ROE, where the correlation coefficient amounted to (99.8, 99.0) respectively, with a level of significance (0.02, 0.04). The coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.6%), indicating that contract revenue interprets (99.6%) of the return on assets in Orange Telecom. Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.9%), indicating that contract revenues interpret (99.9%) of the ROE in Orange Telecom. The correlation coefficient between contract revenue and PM amounted to (99.2) with a level of significance (0.08), where a correlation relationship is noticed but with a level of significance exceeding (0.05). As for customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities, no relationship or impact is found betweem these and ROA, ROE and PM in Jordan Orange Telecom.Accordingly, the study recommends that companies in Jordan should abide by IFRS15 in order to increase corporate profitability.
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Schipper, Katherine A., Catherine M. Schrand, Terry Shevlin, and T. Jeffrey Wilks. "Reconsidering Revenue Recognition." Accounting Horizons 23, no. 1 (2009): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2009.23.1.55.
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SYNOPSIS: This commentary summarizes the materials presented and some of the discussion at the November 2007 AAA/FASB Financial Reporting Issues Conference. The topic of the conference was revenue recognition, and the IASB/FASB were considering two new models: the customer consideration model and the measurement model. This commentary provides some background on revenue recognition, discusses the need for a new model, and presents the two models. The conference discussion highlighted that the two proposed models are based on a single conceptual approach but differ in measurement issues. Key aspects in both models are the identification of contractual performance obligations between the seller and customer (which gives rise to a contract liability) and determining when the performance obligation is satisfied (equivalently, when the contract liability is extinguished) and revenue is recognized.
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Goh, Shao Hung. "Barriers to low-carbon warehousing and the link to carbon abatement." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 6 (2019): 679–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-10-2018-0354.
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Purpose Warehouses are large emitters of greenhouse gases and their impact on climate change is under increasing focus. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers that inhibit the adoption of low-carbon warehousing in Asia-Pacific and their links to carbon abatement performance. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory conceptual model was first developed from a literature review of the general barriers to sustainable supply chain practices and hence potentially in low-carbon warehousing. A large contract logistics services provider in the Asia-Pacific served as the subject of a case study. The perceived barriers to low-carbon warehousing were derived from an internal survey of respondents from the case company and regressed against carbon abatement outcomes at that organization’s operations across the region. Findings Results show that the case company reduced carbon emissions by 36 percent on a revenue-normalized basis between 2008 and 2014, but with relatively lower success in emerging markets vs mature markets. An Elastic Net regression analysis confirms that technology and government-related factors are the most important barriers in the case company’s efforts to “decarbonize” its local warehousing operations. However, results suggest that the customer-related barrier, which is highly correlated with the government barrier, is in part driven by the latter. Research limitations/implications This case study is based on a single multinational company in Asia-Pacific, but nonetheless serves as an impetus for more cross-sectional studies to form an industry-wide view. Originality/value An extended stewardship framework based on the natural resource-based view has been proposed, in which logistics services providers take on a proactive boundary-spanning role to lower the external barriers to low-carbon warehousing.
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., Rismawati, and Siti Ita Rosita. "Pengaruh Sistem Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah Terhadap Minat Nasabah Berinvestasi Pada Bank Syariah." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 2, no. 1 (2018): 085–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v2i1.48.
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The Syariah Institution in Indonesia have a rapid growth from time to time, especially Syariah Bank. At this time, Indonesia is fourth country that have a great potential for development of syariah financial institute. The difference of principal and system is one of the reason that makes the public have an interest to invest in Syariah Institution, especially deposit investment that use mudharabah system for calculating profit. In 2009, after do spin off, PT Bank BNI Syariah successfully developed their business with adding more branch and increase the number of third party deposits. The objective of this research is to know Mudharabah deposit system, and how costumer’s interest to invest in Syariah Bank. And to know influence of the system that makes public interested in the deposit product. The location of this research is on PT Bank BNI Syariah Cabang Bogor as one of Syariah Bank that public has interest in it. This research uses descriptive method to know and show the relation between profit sharing system deposit system of mudharabah to the costumer’s interest to invest. The result of the research shows that the system to calculating profit that used by PT Bank BNI Syariah is revenue sharing, with deposit contract that they used is Mudharabah Mutlaqah. Based on examination to PT BNI Syariah’s annual report in 2010 – 2012, the number of deposits is increasing. It is because the product of PT Bank BNI Syariah is trusted by the customer. And beside that, the costumer knowing about Islamic Economic that uses profit sharing system is getting better. So, we can conclude that the profit sharing system of mudharabah deposits can affect the costumer’s interest to invest to deposit
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Pavlyuchenko, Tatiyana N. "ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS." VESTNIK OF VORONEZH STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 1, no. 52 (2017): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2017.1.232.
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Colson, Robert H., Robert Bloomfield, Theodore E. Christensen, et al. "Response to the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s and the International Accounting Standards Board’s Joint Discussion Paper Entitled Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers." Accounting Horizons 24, no. 4 (2010): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2010.24.4.689.
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SYNOPSIS: The FASB and the IASB recently issued a joint discussion paper entitled, Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers. The boards requested comments on whether their proposed model for revenue recognition would improve the usefulness of the financial statement information for financial decision makers. This paper summarizes the AAA’s Financial Accounting Standards Committee’s responses to several of the boards’ specific questions. We support the boards’ proposed comprehensive revenue recognition standard based on the following options: (1) the customer consideration approach (based on initial contract price measurement); (2) no recognition of revenue at contract inception (by assigning the initial contract price to performance obligations); and (3) allocation of the transaction price to multiple performance obligations based on the relative stand-alone prices of each performance obligation. We also recommend that the boards carefully consider the following clarifications as they develop the final exposure draft. The formal definition should specify that the contract be an “enforceable” agreement. The measurement of a performance obligation must be verifiable. While the transfer of an asset to the customer or the acceptance of a service by the customer normally signals the recognition of revenue, we encourage the boards to carefully consider situations (like long-term construction or mining) when the completion of intermediate performance obligations could trigger revenue recognition prior to the transfer of title. Absent special consideration of these situations, companies may be influenced to write contracts in suboptimal ways in an effort to recognize revenue continuously throughout a long-term construction project or in the process of mining or farming. Finally, we highlight difficulties that may arise in allocating the initial transaction price to multiple performance obligation contracts when the individual performance obligations are not normally sold on a stand-alone basis.
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Han, Jongsoo, Minsup Song, and Yibae Kim. "IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers : Application of Revenue Recognition over Time in Construction Contracts." Korean Accounting Journal 27, no. 5 (2018): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kaj.2018.08.002.
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Liu, Guangdong, Tianjian Yang, Yao Wei, and Xuemei Zhang. "Coordination and Decision of Supply Chain Under." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 12, no. 3 (2019): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2019070102.
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In order to investigate supply chain coordination and decision under customer balking and stochastic demand, the article considers a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer with risk-neutral and one retailer with risk-neutral and develops two models in a centralized and a decentralized system and the three contracts are designed to coordinate supply chain and the optimal price and customer balking strategies are obtained. The results show that the revenue and cost-sharing contract can coordinate supply chain under customer balking and price-dependent demand and achieve the Pareto-improvement; the expected sales quantity and expected reduced sales quantity are influenced conversely by the threshold of inventory and probability of a sale under customer balking. In addition, numerical analysis is given to verify the effectiveness of revenue and cost-sharing contract and the paper gives some managerial insights and puts forward to the future work at last.
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Duru, Okan, Joan P. Mileski, and Ergun Gunes. "Performance obligations for “revenue from contracts with customers” principle in the shipping industry." Maritime Business Review 2, no. 3 (2017): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-02-2017-0009.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to investigate the gap between cost-based and time-based revenue recognition schemes in the accounting of ship-owning corporations, and to propose cost-based revenue recognition (as in general accounting practice) in connection with the performance obligations. Design/methodology/approach For a comparative analysis of time-based (traditional approach) and cost-based schemes, a sample of dry bulk ships is selected and voyage estimations are performed by certified professional shipbrokers (Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers) (data collection and voyage estimation by practitioner). Performance obligations are also defined by certified shipbrokers (i.e. survey and expert opinion) and certified public accountant based on common shipping business practice and accounting practice in general. Findings Empirical results indicate the significant gap between two alternative schemes. Cost-based revenue recognition accelerates the revenue recognition (benefit of shipowner), and it enables comparability among other industries since cost-based allocation is the common practice in accounting (matching principle, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Research limitations/implications It is obviously impossible to observe all kinds of freight market transactions for all different kinds of vessel particulars. The sample size does not undervalue the current study since the central idea of this paper is not the verification of the cost-based recognition in all possible transactions. Practical implications The proposed approach debiases the existing recognition practice as well as improving the speed of revenue recognition. In the existing practice, time-based recognition is still based on voyage estimations (time estimation). Voyage estimations conventionally answer two questions: “What is the cost of the voyage?” and “What is the duration of the voyage?” Therefore, the proposed approach does not require any additional work done. Common practice also clarifies the cost-based schedule for revenue recognition. Originality/value This paper addresses the unconventional accounting practice and its incomparability problem for the first time. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is also the first study on accounting economics of the shipping business. This paper proposes a practical solution to the debate raised by Financial Accounting Standards Board 2014-09 regulation on accounting standards by utilizing a staging approach and cost-based revenue allocation.
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Ohlson, James A., Stephen H. Penman, Yuri Biondi, et al. "Accounting for Revenues: A Framework for Standard Setting." Accounting Horizons 25, no. 3 (2011): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50027.
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SYNOPSIS This paper proposes an accounting for revenues as an alternative to the proposals currently being aired by the FASB and IASB. Existing revenue recognition rules are vague, resulting in messy application, so the Boards are seeking a remedy. However, their proposals replace the traditional criteria—revenue is recognized when it is both “realized or realizable” and “earned”—with similarly vague notions that require both the identification of a “performance obligation” and the “satisfaction” of a performance obligation. Our framework aims for the concreteness that yields practical accounting solutions. It has two features. First, revenue is recognized when a customer makes a payment or a firm commitment to pay. Second, revenue recognition and profit recognition are combined, with profit recognition determined on the basis of objective criteria about the resolution of uncertainty under a contract, and then conservatively so. Two alternative approaches are offered: the complete contract method (where profit is recognized only on the termination of a contract) and the profit margin method (where a profit margin is applied to recognized revenues throughout the contract as the contract profit margin becomes clear. The latter requires resolution of uncertainty, so the completed contract method is the default.
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Vaicekauskas, Darius. "First time adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“: the case of Lithuanian listed companies." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika 21 (March 26, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2020.17.
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Revenue accounting is one of the most important areas of financial accounting. Revenue is one of the key absolute financial ratios that reflects the economic benefits generated by entities that result in increased shareholders‘ equity. This article investigates the first time adoption of new IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“ which in International financial reporting standards (hereinafter – IFRS) system is mandatory to apply starting from 1 January 2018. The new IFRS 15 supersedes the previous international accounting standards regulating revenue recognition and introduces a conceptual 5-step revenue recognition model. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of the first-time adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“ on the financial statements of Lithuanian listed companies. This purpose is achieved while using the following research methods: analysis of International financial reporting standards (IFRS) and scientific literature, as well as analysis of the content of financial statements. An empirical study revealed that the first-time adoption of IFRS 15 had no material impact on the financial statements of Lithuanian listed companies. Most of the companies surveyed applied the standard using a simplified retrospective modified method and did not pay much attention to the disclosure of first-time adoption. For those affected by the standard, the effect was mostly notable in the following areas: reclassifications of commissions and brokerage fees, changes in revenue recognition principles from the revenue recognition over a time to revenue recognition at specific point in time and vice versa.
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Supriatna, Supriatna, Irpan Helmi, and Nurrohman Nurrohman. "MUDHARABAH SCHEME WITHIN THE ISLAMIC BANKING: PROFIT SHARING AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS IN IT." Kodifikasia 14, no. 2 (2020): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/kodifikasia.v14i2.2121.
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Artikel ini membahas prinsip bagi hasil dalam skema mudharabah di perbankan syariah dan permasalahan yang terdapat di dalamnya dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan eksploratif literatur. Skema mudharabah biasanya diterapkan pada produk pembiayaan dan investas yang melibatkan dua pihak: shahib al-maal dan mudharib. Kedua belah pihak bekerjasama untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang akan dibagikan sesuai dengan nisbah yang telah disepakati di awal akad. Apabila terjadi kerugian finansial, shahib al-maal akan menanggung semuanya, tetapi jika disebabkan oleh kelalaian pengelola modal maka kerugian tersebut harus ditanggung oleh mudharib. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam akad mudharabah mayoritas bank syariah menerapkan prinsip revenue-sharing yang secara tidak langsung direstui oleh Fatwa DSN 07/2000. Penerapan prinsip ini dapat memicu timbulnya rasa ketidakadilan karena bagi hasil dihitung berdasarkan laba kotor yang lebih menguntungkan pihak shahib al-maal dan kurang menguntungkan bagi mudharib. Kondisi ini membuat nasabah kurang termotivasi untuk memilih bank syariah ketimbang bank konvensional. Dilihat dari perspektif fiqh, bagi hasil dihitung berdasarkan keuntungan bersih sebagaimana diterapkan pada prinsip profit/loss-sharing, yang penerapannya juga direkomendasikan oleh OKI. Pada akhirnya, penyempurnaan pada Fatwa DSN 07/2000 perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan rasa keadilan bagi semua entitas mudharabah: shahib al-maal dan mudharib. [This article was created to discuss the principle of profit-sharing in the mudharabah scheme in Islamic banking and the problems contained therein using descriptive-qualitative methods through library study and literature exploratory. Mudharabah schemes are usually applied to financing and investment products that involve two parties: shahib al-maal and mudharib. Both parties collaborate to get profits which will be shared according to the nisbah agreed at the beginning of the contract. If there is a financial loss, shahib al-maal will bear everything, but if it is caused by the negligence of the capital-user then the loss must be borne by the mudharib. The results showed that in the mudharabah contract, the majority of Islamic banks apply the principle of revenue-sharing which is indirectly blessed by Fatwa DSN 07/2000. The implementation of this principle could trigger a sense of injustice because the profit-sharing is calculated based on gross profit which is more beneficial for the shahib al-maal and less profitable for the mudarib. This condition makes customers less motivated to choose Islamic banks rather than conventional banks. From the perspective of fiqh, profit-sharing is calculated based on net profit as it’s applied to the principle of profit/loss-sharing as well as recommended by the OIC. At the end, improvements to the Fatwa 07/2000, needs to be done to provide a sense of justice for all mudharabah entities: shahib al-maal and mudharib.]
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Davern, Michael, Nikole Gyles, Brad Potter, and Victor Yang. "Implementing AASB 15 revenue from contracts with customers: the preparer perspective." Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 1 (2019): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-03-2018-0055.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the implementation of AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers to provide insight into preparers’ perspectives on the challenges, costs and benefits experienced in implementing a new and complex standard. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a survey of 143 financial statement preparers engaged in implementing AASB 15. Findings The results reveal significant variation in the approach to, and progress in, implementing AASB 15. Research limitations/implications The study provides evidence of the role of proprietary costs in implementing a new standard and suggests that preparers adopt a more pragmatic view of the nature of compliance compared to standard-setters. Practical implications The evidence in this study strongly suggests that there is little to be gained in deferring effective dates for new standards. It suggests that standard-setters can motivate entities by framing a standard in terms of how it improves the business itself, rather than from a compliance framing. Originality/value This study provides a rare perspective on the actual implementation experience of preparers confronted with the introduction of a new standard. Such a perspective is of value to standard-setters and preparers and offers insight to researchers that cannot be gained from traditional capital market archival approaches.
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Zarpelon Neto, Germano, Giancarlo Medeiros Pereira, and Miriam Borchardt. "What problems manufacturing companies can face when providing services around the world?" Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 30, no. 5 (2015): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2012-0090.
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Purpose – This article aims to adopt a complementary line of reasoning by investigating the problems that manufacturers can face when providing services in different countries. Studies of the relationship between products and services have focused on concept, model and classification propositions; the importance of building relationships with clients; and approaches for bundling services and products. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative, multi-case research design was employed. The authors aim was to study similar services provided by the same company in different countries. The authors investigated the six most important service units of a company that sells 1.2 billion/year. This approach differs from the majority of the previous studies conducted at the global level (multiple case studies and/or distinct business sectors). Findings – The provision of service in different countries may face some challenges in the capital goods industry. Such challenges arise from the following elements: regulations that protect the local service companies from the competition with the manufacturers; operational problems (employee turnover, the distance between resources and clients and a shared structure between service providers and the factory); the manufacturer culture (goods-dominant logic prevail over the services-dominant logic); commercial approaches (lack of an open relationships between the manufacturer and the client in unforeseen situations, a poor understanding about how each customer can generate revenues and profits in the long run, the contract rigidity and a single sales team to sell products and services); and the poor knowledge presented by the manufacturer about the value demands of their customers (includes the acquisition, dissemination and utilization of the knowledge). Research limitations/implications – The research findings are limited in generalizability because of the qualitative research methodology. Practical implications – Manufacturers of the capital goods must understand the constraints that limit the sales of services around the world. Such understanding will help them to redesign their value offerings, as well as their operational structure. Aiming to support them during the revision process, a preliminary model for global service management was included at the end of the article. Originality/value – The study contributes to the debate regarding the provision of global services. The analysis of the findings unveils some avenues for future studies, namely: alternatives for reducing the turnover of the service teams; alternatives to mitigate the conflicts between the service department and the other company departments (engineering and manufacturing); methods to evaluate how and when local competitors can generate gains to the manufacturer; alternatives to mitigate the customer’s concerns arising from the service outsourcing (e.g. reduction of their knowledge about the products maintenance); and methods to acquire, disseminate and utilize the knowledge required to improve the global service operations.
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PANDA, SHIBAJI. "COORDINATING TWO-ECHELON SUPPLY CHAINS UNDER STOCK AND PRICE DEPENDENT DEMAND RATE." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 30, no. 02 (2013): 1250051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595912500510.
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Coordination is imperative for improving supply chain performance. In this paper, we focus on coordination of a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a price-setting retailer, which operates for a single product. Customer demand is influenced by retailer's instantaneous inventory level and selling price. The integrated system and the decentralized scenario, by considering manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader, are discussed. It is shown that conventional revenue sharing contract cannot coordinate the system but revenue and cost sharing (RCS) contract is able to coordinate the system and leads to a win–win outcome. The key contract parameters — cost sharing fraction, along with revenue sharing fraction and wholesale price are determined under explicit and implicit information of retailer's cost structure. Finally, it is shown that range of cost sharing fraction that leads to win–win situation is independent of the format of cost structure of retailer. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the development of the model.
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Huda, Nur, and Fitri Fajri. "The Analysis Of Musyarakah Contract Sharing System Implementationin BPRS Saka Dana Mulia Kudus." AL-ARBAH: Journal of Islamic Finance and Banking 1, no. 1 (2019): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/al-arbah.2019.1.1.4159.
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Purpose - This research aims to know how the implementation of revenue sharing system to Musyarakah finance and to know the Conformity between the implementation done with Fatwa DSN No.08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000.Method - The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a type of case study research.Result - The results showed that a). the implementation of revenue sharing system to Musyarakah finance in BPRS Saka Dana Mulia uses projections or estimates between 1,75% - 2,5% multiplied by the bank's capital. This revenue sharing system has been determined at the beginning of the nominal magnitude of the result for which the customer must be deposited every month. But the bank continues to see the customer's business, when the customer's business suffered losses that are not caused by human error then the bank and the customer will renrenegotiate regarding the outcome.b). The implementation of Musyarakah finance to PT. BPRS Saka Dana Mulia which has been adjusted to Fatwa DSN No.08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 located at the statement of ijab qabul, contract object (capital, work, andloss), Operational costs and disputes. While that is still not appropriate, that is in the part of the object contract about the profit.Implication - This research is only researching in PT. BPRS Saka Dana Mulia Kudus.Originality - there are differences in the division of sharing system between theories and practices implemented in BPRS Saka Dana Mulia.
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Li, Yongfei, Bill Wang, and Dong Yang. "Research on Supply Chain Coordination Based on Block Chain Technology and Customer Random Demand." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4769870.
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Based on disruptive innovation and Stackelberg noncooperative game theory, the paper focuses on supply chain coordination under the combined effects of block chain technology and random demand. Firstly, both a decentralized and a centralized supply chain decision models are built in a single-cycle newsvendor random demand situation. Then, through revenue sharing contract the study designs a brand-new supply chain coordination model which is Del trust, decentralized, and traded anonymously. Furthermore, the numerical comparative analysis on the optimal decision and supply chain coordination are conducted. It is found that the whole supply chain revenue can achieve and even beyond the performance level of the centralized supply chain with effectively expanding sales market and reducing supply chain risk. When the retail price is stable and supply chain is coordinated with revenue sharing mechanism, decentralized supply chain can achieve minimum optimal revenue. Coordination results have effect on short-term revenues of block chain members only. Implications and suggestions for future research in supply chain coordination are provided.
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Plotnikov, V. S., and O. V. Plotnikova. "Accounting of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers: A methodological aspect." International Accounting 21, no. 12 (2018): 1358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.21.12.1358.
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Willie, Paul A. "Revenue management for Canadian professional sports organizations." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 4 (2017): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-04-2017-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to recommend opportunities for professional sport leagues in the USA and Canada to apply the art and science of revenue management in order to minimize potential losses and maximize profits. Design/methodology/approach The evolution of current key revenue management concepts is presented from their initial stages to their current level of implementation. In addition, the literature regarding the strongest business models is reviewed and examined in the context of current successes and challenges across the major sport leagues in North America. Findings Five revenue streams in sports organizations are identified and analysed. Five key elements for revenues are highlighted as strategic tools used to maximize effectiveness in achieving revenue management goals. A series of recommendations is made to best use revenue management including careful negotiation of television contracts, the use of dynamic pricing models, maximization of partnerships and sponsorships, acceptance of new approaches to food and beverage and accessibility of sport merchandise to customers. Practical implications At the regional, national and international levels, sports organizations should review their current business practices to identify areas to improve their revenue management in light of the recommendations in this paper. Originality/value Although the use of the concept of revenue management in sectors of tourism has evolved since early 1970s, its application in professional sports is relatively new. Therefore, this paper provides value to professional sports organizations to optimize their profitability.
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Jiang, Wen, and Xu Chen. "Optimal Strategies for Low Carbon Supply Chain with Strategic Customer Behavior and Green Technology Investment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9645087.
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Climate change is mainly caused by excessive emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. In order to reduce carbon emissions, cap and trade policy is implemented by governments in many countries, which has significant impacts on the decisions of companies at all levels of the low carbon supply chain. This paper investigates the decision-making and coordination of a low carbon supply chain consisting of a low carbon manufacturer who produces one product and is allowed to invest in green technology to reduce carbon emissions in production and a retailer who faces stochastic demands formed by homogeneous strategic customers. We investigate the optimal production, pricing, carbon trading, and green technology investment strategies of the low carbon supply chain in centralized (including Rational Expected Equilibrium scenario and quantity commitment scenario) and decentralized settings. It is demonstrated that quantity commitment strategy can improve the profit of the low carbon supply chain with strategic customer behavior. We also show that the performance of decentralized supply chain is lower than that of quantity commitment scenario. We prove that the low carbon supply chain cannot be coordinated by revenue sharing contract but by revenue sharing-cost sharing contract.
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Cahyani, Yutisa Tri. "KONSEP FEE BASED SERVICES DALAM PERBANKAN SYARIAH." El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v1i2.1397.
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Abstract:This article analyzes the concept of fee based services in Islamic banks. Islamic banks are financial institutions that provide various forms of transactions, one of which is to provide various types of transactions in the field of service or fee based service. This service service consists of various kinds of service products according to the type of contract. In terms of service, banks obtain revenue in the form of fee-based income service. Fee based income comes from costs intended to facilitate the implementation of transactions or financing. This service facility is provided to customers and non-bank customers. In this writing using a type of descriptive qualitative research. The limitations in this writing are focused on the concept of income of Islamic banks in the form of fee-based income service. Fee based income comes from administrative costs that come from transactions in transfer, collection, clearing, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and other payment services. These contracts in the concept of fee based income services include Al Wakalah, Al-Kafalah, Al-Hawalah, Ar-Rahn, and Qardh. الملخص: البنوك الإسلامية هي مؤسسات مالية تقدم أنواعًا مختلفة من المنتجات ، أحدها في قطاع الخدمات, تتكون الخدمات التي تقدمها البنوك الإسلامية من أنواع مختلفة من منتجات الخدمات التي تتوافق مع نوع العقدها من حيث هذه الخدمة يحصل البنك علىالدخل القائم على الرسوم. يأتي الدخل على أساس الرسوم من التكاليف التي تهدف إلى تسهيل تنفيذ المعاملات أو التمويل، تقدم المصارف الإسلامية تسهيلات الخدمات للعملاء أو غير العملاء. يشمل مفهوم الخدمات (الدخل المستند إلى الرسوم) في الخدمات المصرفية الإسلامية الوكلة، والكفلة، والحولة، والرهن، والقرض. Abstrak:Artikel ini menganalisis tentang konsep fee based services dalam bank syariah. Bank syariah merupakan lembaga keuangan yang menyediakan berbagai macam bentuk transaksi, salah satunya ialah menyediakan berbagai macam transaksi dibidang pelayanan jasa atau fee based service. Pelayanan jasa ini terdiri dari berbagai macam produk layanan sesuai dengan jenis akadnya. Dalam hal pelayanan jasa, bank memperoleh pendapatan yang berupa fee based income service. Fee based income berasal dari biaya-biaya yang ditujukan untuk mempermudah pelaksanaan transaksi ataupun pembiayaan. Fasilitas pelayanan jasa ini diberikan kepada nasabah maupun bukan nasabah bank tersebut. Dalam penulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Batasan dalam penulisan ini difokuskan pada konsep pendapatan bank syariah dalam bentuk fee based income service. Fee based income berasal dari biaya-biaya administrasi yang berasal dari transaksi jasa transfer, inkaso, kliring, bank garansi, letter of credit, dan jasa pembayaran lainnya.Akad dalam konsep fee based income services ini diantaranya adalah Al-Wakalah, Al-Kafalah, Al-Hawalah, Ar-Rahn, dan Qardh.
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Zhao, Xin, Na Fu, Susan Taylor, and Patrick C. Flood. "The dynamic process of customer psychological contracts in a service context." International Journal of Market Research 62, no. 6 (2019): 707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785319867637.
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This study aims to extend our understanding of the customer-service team relationship from a new angle, that is, the customer psychological contract. This study adopts the psychological contract theory, proposes and empirically tests a dynamic process of customer psychological contract with the sales teams. In particular, this study examines the relationships between customer psychological contract breach, violation, and satisfaction. In addition, it identifies sales team exhaustion, and customer past positive experience as the conditions which moderate the link between customer psychological contract breach and violation. Using multisource data collection from matched 263 sales team members with 1,003 customers nested in 88 sales teams, the results from multilevel modeling show that customer psychological contract breach leads to a high level of perceived violation, which in turn reduces customer satisfaction. Although sales team exhaustion amplifies the positive impact of customer psychological contract breach on violation, customer past positive experience diminishes such impact. Overall, this study provides a unique contribution to existing literature on the service organization, psychological contract, and the management of customer and service team interactions.
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Kasperowicz, Anna. "Revenue recognition in information services according to the international financial reporting standard 15 “revenue from contracts with customers”." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia 2015, no. 77 (2015): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2015.77-11.
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Ramesh, G. "Mainstreaming an Unorganized Industry: The Case of Suguna Poultry." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 35, no. 2 (2010): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100204.
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The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework is quite rich with its concepts like sustainability, mainstreaming, stakeholders and their inclusiveness, citizenship, etc. The debate in CSR is increasingly about making it a part of core business process rather than treating it as a compliance function. In this context, the business model of Suguna Poultry was studied and it was observed that it can help in understanding the deeper meanings of these concepts in a concrete way. Suguna Poultry was started by two brothers, Soundararajan and Sundararajan with 200 birds 25 years back in Udumalpet, a small town in Tamil Nadu. After a lot of struggle and persistence, it scaled to reach a turnover of Rs.30,180 million in 2009, with presence in 11 states. The case is about how it managed to mesh its Business Model and Revenue Model with a Sustainable Development Model. The CSR theme is closely linked to their growth strategies and the entrepreneurs� basic philosophy towards business and stakeholders. The contribution of Suguna in the context of mainstreaming poultry industry, which belonged to unorganized sector in India are: It converted a commodity market into a product market It converted a neighbourhood market into a national market It pioneered several process innovations which changed the character of the industry itself. The business model is based on contract farming. It contributed mainly through (i) risk mitigation for the farmers which is their major bane and (ii) by providing integrated service which reduced the stages of intermediation and cost of transaction. Their process model emerges as a combination of (a) choice of appropriate technology, (b) extended organizational processes, and (c) value creating processes. The CSR aspects that emerge from the Suguna case are: Its Sustainable business model, which works for the benefit of the immediate as well as stakeholders at large. They achieved this through their entire value chain over a vast area. Achieving CSR within a ‘for profit’ objective and a ‘commercial orientation’ rather than through �charitable orientation. It offered a market relationship to farmers and not a benign or charitable relationship. This made the debt-ridden farmers self-confident entrepreneurs. Embedding CSR concerns in their core business processes and in the value system of management. The promoters as well as managers closely identify themselves with the contract farmers. Ensuring inclusive value chain model wherein all its stakeholders like growers, retailers, and customers are benefitted, and so one segment gains at the cost of another.