Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reversal of the burden of proof

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reversal of the burden of proof'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Wiriadinata, Wahyu. "Corruption and Reversal Burden of Proof." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i1.5447.

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This paper, entitled Corruption and Reversal Burden of Proof, was intended to deal with a question on the extent of the effectiveness of a reversal burden of proof as stipulated in positive (applicable) Indonesia law, that is, as provided for in Law Number 31 of 1999 on Eradication of Corruption Crime. Then, a problem that rose next was: could the application of reversal burden of proof in proving a corruption crime case prevent or reduce or even eliminate totally corruption crimes in Indonesia? This research built on a theoretical frame of thought from Roscoe Pound, who maintains that law is a tool of social engineering. This concept was cited by Muchtar Kusumaatmadja, who adapted it to Indonesia conditions and adjusted it to be law as a social engineering medium. Engineering is meant here as a transformation of the thinking ways of people from traditional thinking ways to modern ones. Law should be made as a means in resolving the entire problems that emerge between and among community, including corruption crimes. One of the things that needs to be changed is a law of proof law system, that is, from a conventional proof system to be a reversal one. This paper was written by a juridical-normative method, that is, by studying legislations, be they are contained in laws and those contained in literature/books on legal science, particularly legislations related to reversal burden of proof. Then, the results, in a form of juridical aspect, was written in a descriptive-analytical form. The overall conclusion of this research was an answer of the problems posed above, that is: Corruption crimes have been continuously occurring till now in Indonesia. Thus, Law Number 31 of 1999, particularly Article 37, has not been effective yet in eradicating corruption crimes.
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Mursanto, Deddy, La Ode Muhammad Karim, and Mashendra Mashendra. "Effectiveness to the reversal of the burden proof system in handling corruption case." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 5, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v5i1.863.

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Corruption is an act that can harm State finances and cause losses to the people's economy. This study aims to determine the arrangement of the burden of proof reversals system of corruption according to the applicable provisions and the proper regulation in implementing the system of reversing the burden of proof to be done optimally. This study uses a normative juridical research methodology with a statute approach. This research's data analysis method is descriptive qualitative by describing the problems and facts in writing from the literature. The study indicates that the burden of proof reversal system concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes contained in Law no. 20 of 2001 is limited only to the offense of gratification regulated in Article 12 B paragraph (1) letter a. The withdrawal presumption proof can also be extended to the defendant's property, which is claimed to be connected to the accused's case (Article 37 A) and the property of the defendant (who has not been charged) which is not accused of corruption as a result of a criminal act (Article 38 B). Reversal of the burden of proof in the law of corruption is a reversal of the burden of proof impartial public prosecutor and the defendant alike must prove but / the same element proved different.
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Nugroho, Hibnu. "Reversal burden of proof on corruption in Indonesia." Problems of Legality, no. 140 (March 13, 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.140.121442.

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Azizah, Hanifah, M. Hamdan M. Hamdan, Mahmud Mulyadi, and Sunarmi Sunarmi. "Analisis Pembuktian Terbalik Pada Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (Studi Putusan MA NO. 1454 K/PID.SUS/2011; PUTUSAN MA NO. 537 K/PID.SUS/2014; PUTUSAN MA NO. 336 K/PID.SUS/2015)." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 4, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i1.588.

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TPPU (Money Laundering Criminal Act) is regulated in Law 8/2010 on Prevention and Eradication of TPPU. The research was focused on TPPU which corruption as its principle criminal act, Its Law enforcement by using reversal of the burden of proof. The research used juridical normative and descriptive analytic method. The data were gathered by conducting library research and analyzed qualitatively, and the conclusion was drawn deductively, from general to specific. The purposes of this research is to know about the regulation on reversal of the burden of proof in Law on TPPU and the implementation of reversal of the burden of proof in TPPU in the Supreme Court’s Rulings No. 1454 K/ Pid.Sus/2011, No. 527 K/ Pid.Sus/2014, and No. 336K/ Pid.Sus/2015, and how about the obstacles and their solution for reversal of the burden of proof in the case of TPPU. Reversal of the burden of proof should be applied in the level of investigation because TPPU is an extraordinary crime so that extraordinary treatment should also be applied since TPPU has great impact on the State’s economic condition. Therefore, TPPU should have shortcut in its process so that the State’s loss can optimally (effectively and efficiently) be solved.
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Hasnawati, Hasnawati. "REVERSAL BURDEN OF EVIDANCE ON A CRIMINAL CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA." Tadulako Master Law Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j25797697.2018.v2.i2.10411.

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The research aim are to know the implementation of strict evidence in corruption committed in Indonesia and the constraint or obstacle faced by the corruption agency. The method of this research was normative juridical, because the research about reversal burden of proof of corruption in crime in Indonesia, which data obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Research result reveal that implementation of proof in corruption cases is often felt to be ineffective and very burdensome to the Investigator apparatus therefor two theories of proof, namely the free theory embraced by the dependent and negative theory according to the law adopted by the public prosecutor or ordinary commonly called the theory reversal burden of limited proof and in balance , the dependent has the right to proved that he has not commited a criminal act of corruption and that the prosecutor still has the duty to verify the indictment. The obstacles faced by law enforcement in implementing the burdening system of proof on the handling of corruption crime, namely the Contraints for the public Prosecutor and the obstacle for the judge divided into 2(two) types, namely : Juridical and Non Juridical Contrains
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Hasuri, Hasuri, and Mia Mukaromah. "PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA." ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v14i2.9605.

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Corruption is considered a great crime and requires special handling. In handling corruption, special handling is needed by using the proof reversed or reversal of the burden of proof but in a balanced manner. The purpose of this study is to explain the reverse evidence of corruption from a human rights perspective. This research uses the empirical normative legal research method, namely the combination of normative legal provisions (laws) with practical elements (legal events in society/social elements). The study results state that the theory of reverse proof of corruption cases based on a human rights perspective does not violate the principles and respect for the rights of the defendants in the general principles of criminal law.
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Sumaryanto, Djoko. "The implication of reversal burden proof on corruption criminal act." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 4 (March 22, 2020): e60942844. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2844.

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The polemic of the ratification of KPK (Corruption Eradication Commission) Constitution indicated the good intentions of government as well as people in society through their respective perceptions which in conclusion whether the KPK is getting stronger or become weaker. The aim of this analysis is to examine on the implication of reversal burden proof system on corruption criminal act in Indonesian Law. Reversal of the burden proof as determined in the PTPK Law and the 2003 KAK Law leaves problems in its implementation, through normative legal research with the study of laws and comparisons, something new is obtained which is a guideline for judges in giving verdicts regarding the results of verification of assets and actions. Implications of proven or unproven acts and assets of the defendant through reversing the burden of proof of criminal criminal behavior which is greatly affects the received sanction by the defendant which include imprisonment penalties, criminal sanctions for fines and additional criminal sanctions in the form of returning state financial losses.
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Sadasivam, A. "Reversal of burden of proof: a tough nut to crack." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 5, no. 10 (August 12, 2010): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpq100.

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Dayton, P. K. "ECOLOGY: Reversal of the Burden of Proof in Fisheries Management." Science 279, no. 5352 (February 6, 1998): 821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5352.821.

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Prabowo, Bagus Surya, and Syarif Fadillah. "PENERAPAN SISTEM BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI INDONESIA." VERITAS 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/veritas.v7i1.1176.

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Corruption crimes always turn out to be more neat and difficult to reveal, thus demanding changes in the system that capable of eradicating corruption to its roots. And one of the changes is the implementation of a reversed burden of proof system that makes it easier for prosecutors to reveal the criminal elements in a corruption case. Even though it has been included in positive law, in practice this proof is not fully applied and there are still obstacles in its application. This study seeks to answer in what cases this reverse burden of proof is applied and what are the obstacles in its application. This research concludes that the reversal burden of proof system in Indonesia is applied only to criminal acts of gratification whose nominal value is above Rp. 10 million and is used to confiscate the property of the defendant who has not been charged by the prosecutor. Meanwhile, the obstacles to implementing a system of reversal burden of proof are 1) the existence of a judicial mafia, 2) a legal culture that has not yet adapted to the new system, and 3) reverse burden of proof is not clearly regulated in Indonesian law. Abstrak Kejahatan korupsi selalu berubah menjadi lebih rapih dan sulit diungkap sehingga menuntut adanya perubahan sistem yang mampu untuk memberantas korupsi sampai keakarnya. Dan salah satu perubahan itu adalah dengan penerapan sistem beban pembuktian terbalik yang memudahkan jaksa untuk mengungkap unsur pidana dalam sebuah kasus korupsi. Meskipun sudah dicantumkan didalam hukum positif, namun dalam praktiknya pembuktian ini tidak diterapkan secara menyeluruh serta masih ada hambatan dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini berupaya menjawab dalam kasus apa saja beban pembuktian terbalik ini diterapkan serta apa saja hambatan dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan sistem beban pembuktian terbalik di Indonesia dilaksanakan hanya pada tindak pidana gratifikasi yang nominalnya diatas Rp 10 juta serta digunakan untuk perampasan harta terdakwa yang belum didakwakan jaksa. Sedangkan hambatan penerapan sistem beban pembuktian terbalik yaitu 1) adanya mafia peradilan, 2) budaya hukum yang belum beradaptasi dengan sistem baru, dan 3) pembuktian terbalik tidak diatur secara jelas dalam undang-undang.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Baldini, Renato Ornellas. "Distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no direito processual do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-05122013-093647/.

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O presente trabalho estuda a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho. Analisa, inicialmente, os impactos das novas demandas trabalhistas e das modernas teorias do Direito Processual no Direito Processual do Trabalho. Aborda o ônus da prova em seus aspectos gerais, definindo conceito de prova, conceitos e distinções entre ônus, obrigação e dever e conceito de ônus da prova, analisando a evolução teórica e o perfil dogmático da distribuição do ônus da prova, a estrutura funcional do ônus da prova (ônus da prova subjetivo e ônus da prova objetivo), o ônus da prova de fato negativo, a prova diabólica, a inversão judicial do ônus da prova (com ênfase para a regra prevista no Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o momento processual adequado para tanto) e a relação entre presunções, responsabilidade civil objetiva e o ônus da prova. Estuda aspectos gerais acerca do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho, referentes à regra do artigo 818 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, e a aplicação subsidiária do artigo 333 do Código de Processo Civil, e à inversão judicial do ônus da prova no processo juslaboral, com base na aplicação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, do princípio protetor, do princípio da pré-constituição da prova e do princípio da aptidão para a prova. Analisa aspectos gerais referentes à teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, estabelecendo conceitos e distinções entre distribuição estática, inversão judicial e distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, abordando origens históricas e incorporação da teoria no Direito Comparado, fundamentos para aplicação da dinamização da carga probatória no Direito Processual Brasileiro (com ênfase ao direito fundamental à prova, ao princípio da igualdade material no processo, exercício dos poderes instrutórios do juiz, busca da verdade real e regra do artigo 333, parágrafo único, inciso II, do Código de Processo Civil) e incorporação legislativa da teoria no Direito Processual Brasileiro, prevista no Anteprojeto de Código Brasileiro de Processos Coletivos, Projeto de Lei da Ação Civil Pública e Projeto de Código de Processo Civil. Por fim, estuda especificamente a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no Direito Processual do Trabalho, partindo dos fundamentos para sua incidência no processo juslaboral (direito fundamental à prova, princípio da igualdade material no processo e a regra do artigo 852 - D da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho), abordando critérios objetivos para a aplicação (subsidiariedade, utilização dos poderes instrutórios e das máximas de experiência do juiz, vedação do incentivo ao comodismo processual e à instauração da probatio diabólica reversa, com observância do binômio impossibilidade/extrema dificuldade do empregado na produção da prova-possibilidade/maior facilidade na produção para o empregador, fundamentação da decisão, vedação da carga processual superveniente), momento processual adequado para a dinamização, relação entre nulidades processuais e distribuição dinâmica, instrumento processual cabível para impugnação da incidência da teoria, definição da regra de distribuição do ônus da prova pelos Tribunais e casuísticas de aplicação da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, com exame crítica da doutrina e da jurisprudência, no Direito Processual Individual do Trabalho (abordando os seguintes temas: jornada de trabalho, vale-transporte, equiparação salarial, depósitos do fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS), despedimento, salário-família, acidente do trabalho, assédio moral e assédio sexual, discriminação das relações de trabalho, privacidade e intimidade do trabalhador, responsabilidade subsidiária da Administração Pública, grupo econômico, sucessão trabalhista, bem de família e gratuidade processual) e no Direito Processual Coletivo do Trabalho, com formulação de proposta legislativa ao final do estudo.
This work studies the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law. It examines, initially, the impact of new labor demands and modern theories of the Procedural Law on Labor Procedural Law. It boards the burden of proof in its general aspects, defining concept of proof, concepts and distinctions between burden, obligation and duty and concept of burden of proof, analyzing the theoretical evolution and dogmatic profile of the distribution of the burden of proof, the functional structure of the burden of proof (subjective burden of proof and objective burden of proof), the burden of proof in fact negative, diabolical proof, the judicial reverse of the burden of proof (with emphasis on the rule laid down in the Consumer Defense Code and the appropriate procedural moment for this) and the relation between presumptions, strict liability and burden of proof. It studies general aspects about the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law, referring to the rule of Artic le 818 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, and the subsidiary application of Article 333 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the judicial reverse of the burden of proof in Labor Procedure Law based on implementation of the Code of Consumer Protection, protective principle, principle of pre-establishment of proof and principle of the aptitude for proof. It analyzes general aspects concerning the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, establishing concepts and distinctions between static distribution, judicial reversal and dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, addressing historical origins and incorporation of the theory in Comparative Law, grounds for implementation of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Brazilian Procedural Law (with emphasis on the fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process, practice of the judges investigation powers, search for real truth and rule of Article 333, sole paragraph, II, of the Code of Civil Procedure) and legislative incorporation of the theory in the Brazilian Procedural Law, foreseen in the preliminary bill of law for the Brazilian Code of Class Actions, bill of law for the Public Civil Action and bill of law for the Code of Civil Procedure. Finally, it studies specifically the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on the Labor Procedural Law, starting for her impacts on the Labor Procedure (fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process and the rule of Article 852 - D of the Consolidation of Labor Laws), addressing objective criteria to application (subsidiarity, use of the judges investigation powers, judges maxims of experience, prohibition to encourage self-indulgence and to establish reverse probatio diabolica, with observance of the binomial inability/extreme difficulty of the employee in the production of proof-possibility/ease in the production for the employer , reasons for the decision, seal to supervening procedural burden), procedural moment suitable to dynamize, relation between procedural nullity and dynamic distribution, appropriate procedural tool to challenge the incidence of the theory, definition of the distribution rule of the burden of proof by the Courts and case studies of application of the dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, with critical examination of doctrine and jurisprudence, in the Individual Labor Procedural Law (addressing the following topics: working time, transportation ticket, salary equation, Brazilian s employment compensation funds credit (FGTS), dismissal, family allowance, labor-related accident, workplace bullying and sexual harassment, discrimination in work relations, employee\'s privacy and intimacy, public administrations subsidiary liability, economic group, labor succession, homestead right and gratuity procedure) and Labor Class Actions, with formulating legislative proposition by the end of the study.
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Monnerat, Carlos Fonseca. "Inversão do ônus da prova no processo penal brasileiro em face da criminalidade moderna: um estudo sobre a possibilidade do uso desse mecanismo de decisão no campo penal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7591.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_final.pdf: 902093 bytes, checksum: 8badf1beb2ec7eca8dece016b6851afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-29
The present study had as main objective, to examine the possibility of the use of the reversal of the burden of proof, applied to the Brazilian Criminal Process. The reversal of the burden of proof, rule destined mainly to aid the judge in his decision has been frequently used in the field of the consumer s right, authorized in the Brazilian Consumer Code. It allows that, as long as specific fundamentals are present, that the Judge can decide favorably to the weakest part in case that there is a doubt regarding the demonstration of the facts by the parts involved, not using the normal rule of distribution of the burden of proof, but the inversion of such distribution. As it is a rule of exception, it has to be clearly expressed. The questioning that is done is that considering the present characteristics of modern criminality, and the tendency to make some of the basic institutions and rules of the criminal law process more flexible, and in order to try to answer to the organized crime, that such instrument would be able to be used in this kind of legal process. The goal will be to provide the judge with a new rule to distribute the burden of proof, different of the usual in dubio pro reo. It comes as a fact that the modern criminality requires changes in the field of the criminal process. There are new theories worldwide in criminal law and its practical use, pointing to changes, some of them very extreme. It became necessary a detail exam of the truth, of the proof itself, of the criminal proof, of the burden of proof and of its inversion. With all these analyzed, it was realized that it will not be possible, considering the present Brazilian constitutional structure, to use the inversion of the burden of proof in the criminal process. To circumvent this, two legislative proposals were then formulated, one in the constitutional arena, and another in the area of the Brazilian Criminal Code. The first one to permit the reversion of the burden of proof in the practical determination of a criminal offense, after been established the certainty that the accused is part of a criminal organization. The second proposal, allowing the utilization of the reversal of the burden of proof considering the civil effects of the criminal sentence, with emphasis in the loss of property supposedly acquired with the product of a crime and which it was not proved that the acquisition was performed with unlawful proceeds.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal examinar a possibilidade do uso da inversão do ônus da prova no Processo Penal Brasileiro. A inversão do ônus da prova, regra destinada principalmente ao julgador no iter da decisão, vem sendo utilizada com freqüência na área das relações de consumo, autorizada pelo Código Brasileiro de Defesa do Cosumidor. Permite que, presentes requisitos específicos, o Juiz possa decidir favoravelmente ao hipossuficiente, caso esteja em dúvida com relação à demonstração dos fatos pelas partes, não aplicando a regra normal de distribuição do ônus da produção de provas, invertendo tal distribuição. Como é regra de exceção, precisa ser expressa. O questionamento que se faz é se, à vista da moderna criminalidade, e de uma tendência de flexibilização de alguns dos institutos basilares do direito penal e processual penal, para tentar responder ao crime organizado, tal instrumento poderia ser usado nesse ramo do Direito. A finalidade seria a de permitir ao juiz do processo uma nova regra de distribuição do ônus da prova, diversa do in dubio pro reo. Partiu-se da constatação que a criminalidade moderna está a exigir alterações no campo da persecução penal. Há novas teorias penais e uso prático das mesmas, apontando para mudanças, algumas extremadas. Passou-se ao exame específico da verdade e da prova, da prova penal, do ônus da prova e de sua inversão. Dominados esses institutos, apontou-se que não seria possível, dentro da atual estrutura constitucional brasileira, o uso da inversão do ônus da prova no campo penal. Para sua implementação, duas propostas legislativas foram então formuladas, uma no campo constitucional e outra na esfera do Código Penal Brasileiro. A primeira, para permitir uma inversão do ônus da prova na aferição da prática delitiva, após ter sido constatada a certeza de que o acusado é partícipe de organização criminosa. A segunda, permitindo a utilização da inversão do ônus da prova na esfera de efeitos civis da sentença penal, mormente no perdimento de bens presumivelmente adquiridos com o produto do delito e sobre os quais não fora feita prova de aquisição com aportes lícitos.
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Thomson, Christopher Martin. "On the burden of proof in ordinary argumentation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59049.pdf.

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Rickard, Gary K. "The burden of proof between theism and atheism." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Rhode, Conny. "Dialogical empiricism : the burden of proof upon metaphysical methods." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19576/.

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Drawing on Douglas Walton’s typology of dialogues, I analyse a representative sample of philosophical dialogues, finding that over 95% of them instantiate a type of dialogue aimed at persuading one’s opponent. I then argue that this goal entails the prudential requirement that any assertion questioned in philosophical dialogue be either supported or else retracted, and that no assertion is privileged over the burden of proof imposed by its questioning. This in turn renders it prudent to avoid the employment of premises that, if questioned, could never be supported. Such unsupportable premises in particular include bridge premises across inference barriers (e.g. Hume’s is/ought separation). Dialogical Empiricism is the resultant thesis that any assertion questioned in philosophical dialogue must prudently be supported by the asserting party without crossing any inference barrier. I focus on the inference barrier between psychological or linguistic content and the world beyond such content, arguing that much common philosophical evidence consists of psycho-linguistic content (e.g. intuitions) and thus cannot prudently be employed in support of hypotheses expressing claims about the world beyond such content. Since many philosophical dialogues, from metaphysics through to ethics, rely upon such psycho-linguistic evidence for claims about the world beyond content, these dialogues prudently can no longer be conducted. In closing I consider avenues of escape from the foregoing prudential restrictions that remain open.
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De, la Rey Jan Hendrik. "The fact-finding process and burden of proof during litigation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26346.

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This dissertation investigates the manner in which facts are proven with specific emphasis on the role which the concept of ‘probabilities’ plays in achieving the ‘burden of proof. It is illustrated that the concept of ‘probabilities’ plays a central role throughout the process of determining the accountability of a litigant, including fact-finding during the evaluation of the adduced evidence and the application of the burden of proof. This study distinguishes between the findings of individual facts, as opposed to the finding of whether the case of a party, as reflected by the cumulative effect of the individually proven facts, has been proven. It is submitted that, despite traditionally perceived views, the concept of ‘probabilities’ is applied in exactly the same manner to both these aspects of a legal dispute, the only variable being the degree of probabilities as determined by a specific stage and nature of the litigation. The research focuses on both criminal and civil cases. The dissertation is based on current South African practices as reflected in judgments in different law reports and, to some extent, on English and American legal practices. Copyright
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Procedural Law
unrestricted
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Couto, Camilo José d'Avila. "Dinamização do ônus da prova: teoria e prática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-05072012-140925/.

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Pesquisa desenvolvida na área do direito processual civil por intermédio de análise bibliográfica, baseada na averiguação de legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência pátria e estrangeira, pertinentes à teoria e prática da dinamização do ônus da prova e, em efeito, ao dogma do ônus da prova. Dinamizar o ônus da prova é atribuir o caráter dinâmico ao referido dogma, permitindo ao magistrado, quando da utilização da regra de julgamento, transformar a regra estática de distribuição do ônus da prova em algo dinâmico, ativo, observando determinados elementos conceituais e estruturais. A dinamização do ônus da prova é um instrumento jurídico que soluciona a impossibilidade de se formular um critério geral de distribuição do ônus da prova que satisfaça todas as hipóteses de aplicação do direito diante da existência de incerteza, de dúvida quanto à situação fática, quando do provimento final do juiz, momento em que deverá decidir sobre um fato incerto. Como indica sua própria denominação, retrata a capacidade de ser flexível, sendo sua maior característica a adaptabilidade aos casos concretos para garantir o direito material de quem o realmente tem, estando assim em perfeita sintonia com o princípio da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. A teoria da dinamização do ônus da prova não objetiva conceder aos magistrados amplos poderes a ponto de permitir arbitrariedades. Contudo, confere-lhes, diversamente da distribuição rígida, pré-estabelecida e em abstrato, considerável grau de poder interpretativo, pois para aplicá-la, é necessário, diante da ausência de certeza oriunda da inércia da respectiva parte na produção da prova ou de sua insuficiência, utilizar a regra de julgamento sob enfoque, após analisar as circunstâncias específicas do caso concreto. Para isso é condição imprescindível a averiguação de qual das partes tem maior facilidade fática e jurídica na produção da prova, se uma das partes está em situação de desigualdade econômico-financeira e/ou técnica perante a outra, se a prova é complexa, bem como se a prova a ser produzida configura uma prova diabólica para a parte onerada. Em síntese, à luz dos preceitos constitucionais da inafastabilidade da jurisdição, da igualdade entre as partes, do direito à prova, do devido processo legal, identificar quais situações em que os critérios fixos estabelecidos pela lei quanto à distribuição do ônus da prova não se mostram adequados e eficazes para atingir o seu fim. A parte teórica está estruturada sob uma visão publicista do processo, com destaque à atividade processual das partes dimensionada em uma concepção cooperativa de processo. Ponto marcante desta pesquisa é aquele que identifica e imputa ao magistrado, essencialmente na fase do saneamento do processo, o dever de informar às partes de que, naquele caso concreto, poderá aplicar a dinamização do ônus da prova, caso seja necessário utilizar a regra de julgamento do ônus da prova, advertindo-as quanto às consequências de eventual inércia e do dever de colaboração na busca da verdade. Este dever consiste em um meio teórico, aliado à prática procedimental, que permite ao magistrado alertar às partes que a dinamização do ônus da prova poderá ser aplicada no momento oportuno, como regra de julgamento e, ao mesmo tempo, cientificá-las quanto à postura que devem adotar em âmbito de produção de provas, permitindo-lhes que exercite de forma plena o direito constitucional à produção de provas e, ainda, evitando que o direito constitucional à ampla defesa e contraditório seja transgredido. Este dever de informação específica se harmoniza com o princípio fundamental do processo civil expresso na cláusula constitucional do due process of law. A teoria da dinamização do ônus da prova operacionaliza um parodoxo de extrema relevância para a ciência jurídica, expresso na possibilidade do aumento de certeza versus possibilidade de diminuição das desigualdades na ausência de certeza fática. A regra de juízo ganha ainda mais relevância em um modelo de processo no qual a verdade não é um de seus escopos, como o nosso modelo e estrutura de processo civil. A pesquisa está dividida em quatro partes principais. Na primeira, o tema da prova é apresentado sob a concepção de direito, de dever e de ônus. Na segunda, o dogma do ônus da prova é analisado sob a ótica da modernidade. Na terceira, estão fixados os elementos conceituais e estruturais, bem como os fundamentos da aplicabilidade, inclusive de lege lata, da teoria e da prática da dinamização do ônus da prova. Na última parte são apresentadas as perspectivas de inserção da dinamização do ônus da prova no direito positivo brasileiro, em âmbito do processo civil.
The present research was carried out in the area of legal process by conducting a review of literature and consulting the current legislation, doctrine, homeland and foreign jurisprudence, which concerns to the theory and practice of the dynamism of the burden of proof and by a certain extent, to the dogma of the burden of proof. Making the burden of proof dynamic is to attribute a vigorous character to the referred dogma, allowing the magistrate when one is to judge to transform the static rule of burden of proof distribution into something flexible, active, by observing certain conceptual and structural elements. Making the burden of proof dynamic is a jurisdictional instrument that could solve the impossibility of formulating a general criterion of its distribution, fulfilling all hypotheses of Law practice when one is before uncertainty, doubt as for the phatic situation or the judges final word, in a moment when one is to decide on an uncertain fact. As it is indicated by its own meaning, it depicts the capacity of being flexible, being its greatest feature the adaptability to concrete cases in order to guarantee the material right of those who really deserve it, thus being in perfect harmony with the principle of the effectiveness of legal protection. The burden of proof dynamism theory does not aim at granting the magistrate a broad power and not even permit arbitrarinesses. However, it is conferred to them, differently from the rigid, pre-established and abstract distribution, a considerable degree of interpretative power, because in order to apply it, it is necessary, before the lack of decision making which comes from the irrespective idleness of proof production or from its insufficiency, adopt the judgment rule in focus, after specific circumstances of the concrete case have been previously analyzed. For that, it is paramount the checking of which part has a greater phatic and jurisdictional ease in proof production, if one of the parts is in a social-economic and/or technical unequal level in comparison to each other, if the proof is complex, as well as if the proof to be produced turns out to be a diabolic test to the responsible part. In short, in the light of the constitutional precepts, of the right to the proof, of the due legal process of law, it can be said that to identify in which situation pre-established criteria by law concerning the burden of proof are not suitable enough to meet its end. The theoretical part of this paper is based on a publicist view of the legal process, highlighting the legal process of the partscontextualized in a cooperative conception of the legal process. A remarkable point of this research is the argument that identifies and attributes the magistrate essentially when solving a legal process the obligation to inform one that in a concrete case, it would be possible to make the burden of proof dynamic, in case it is necessary to adopt the rule of the burden of proof judgment, warning about the tentative consequences of an eventual inertia and about the duty to collaborate when seeking the truth. This obligation goes hand in hand with a theoretical environment and with the procedural practice, which permits the magistrate to warn one that making the burden of proof dynamic may be applied in an appropriate moment as a judgment rule, and at the same time, make them aware of how to behave in a situation of proof production, letting one widely exercise the constitutional right to proof production, and furthermore, avoiding that the constitutional right to a better defense be violated. This duty of providing specific information goes in harmony with the fundamental principle of the legal process expressed in the possibility of raising certainty versus the possibility of decreasing inequality in the absence of phatic sureness. The rule of judgment becomes even more relevant in a legal process model where the truth is not one of its scopes, as our model and structure of legal process format. This research is divided into four main parts. The first one, the proof theme is introduced under the conception of right, duty and burden. In the second part, the burden dogma is analyzed in the light of modernity. In the third segment, structural and conceptual elements are defined, as well as the foundations of applicability, the lege lata concept, the theory and practice of making the burden of proof dynamic. In the last part, the application perspectives of the burden of proof dynamics in the positive Brazilian Law are introduced, in a legal process milieu.
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Hong, Jiemin. "A survey on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of doctors to "inversion of burden of proof" in Guangzhou." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479850.

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Salazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30323.

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The air cargo industry is evolving rapidly, as is its international law regime. The recent entry into force of the Montreal Protocol No. 4 and adoption of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air signed at Montreal on 28 May 1999 constitutes a new legal framework for air cargo claims.
Rather than offering definite answers, this thesis identifies some current and emerging issues in the law of air cargo claims, particularly those aspects that the claimant must prove. The work traces the development of the Warsaw System by writers and courts, and attempts to identify trends in the application and interpretation of the new legal framework. The evolution towards independence of the law of carriage of goods by air from other similar regimes, and the existing connections among them, are examined. When appropriate, common law and civil law solutions to some legal issues will be introduced.
Finally, the thesis concludes that conflicting decisions in this field could be avoided by adopting uniform rules to solve conflicts of laws and to interpret international carriage conventions.
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Salazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64299.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Bunn, Davis. Burden of Proof. Maine, USA: Center Point, Large Print, 2021.

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Hemry, John G. Burden of proof. New York: Ace Books, 2004.

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Turow, Scott. The burden of proof. New York: Warner Books, 1990.

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Turow, Scott. The burden of proof. Leicester: Charnwood, 1991.

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Turow, Scott. The burden of proof. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990.

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Turow, Scott. The burden of proof. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011.

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Turow, Scott. The burden of proof. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990.

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Barnes, Annette. The burden of proof. Harlow: Pearson Educational Limited, 1999.

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Barnes, Annette. The burden of proof. Edited by Turow Scott. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996.

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The burden of proof. Franklin Center, Pa: Franklin Library, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Dux, Moira C. "Burden of Proof." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 652. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_950.

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Russo, Andrew. "Burden of Proof." In Bad Arguments, 137–39. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119165811.ch23.

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Dux, Moira C. "Burden of Proof." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 462–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_950.

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Dux, Moira C. "Burden of Proof." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_950-2.

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Ingram, Jefferson L. "Burden of Proof." In Criminal Evidence, 47–81. Thirteenth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315267432-6.

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Ingram, Jefferson L. "Burden of Proof." In Criminal Evidence, 33–66. 14th ed. Fourteenth Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092360-4.

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Agassi, Joseph, and Abraham Meidan. "The Burden of Proof." In Beg to Differ, 41–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33307-6_4.

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Cheyne, Colin. "The Burden of Proof." In Knowledge, Cause, and Abstract Objects, 123–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9747-0_8.

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Lorkowski, C. M. "The Burden of Proof." In Atheism Considered, 29–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56208-3_4.

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He, Jiahong. "The Burden of Judicial Proof." In Masterpieces of Contemporary Jurisprudents in China, 123–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8025-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Prayuti, Yuyut. "Implementation of Reversal Burden of Proof Principle at Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) as a Legal Protection Effort for Consumers." In First International Conference on Technology and Educational Science. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-11-2018.2282274.

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Farley, Arthur M., and Kathleen Freeman. "Burden of proof in legal argumentation." In the fifth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/222092.222227.

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Prakken, Henry, Chris Reed, and Douglas Walton. "Dialogues about the burden of proof." In the 10th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165503.

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Ke, Changlin. "Distribution of Burden of Criminal Proof." In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.239.

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Leenes, Ronald E. "Burden of proof in dialogue games and Dutch civil procedure." In the 8th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/383535.383549.

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Maskun, Naswar, Achmad, Hasbi Assidiq, Armelia Safira, and Siti Nurhalima Lubis. "Cyber Attack - The Burden of International Crime Proof: Obstacles and Challenges." In The 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.269.

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Martinović, Adrijana. "APPLYING THE BURDEN OF PROOF RULES IN GENDER DISCRIMINATION CASES: THE CROATIAN EXPERIENCE." In PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF EU LAW. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/6532.

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"Study on the Responsibility Distribution of Burden Proof in Public Litigation of Procuratorial Administration." In 2020 International Conference on Social and Human Sciences. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000231.

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Talukder, Asoke K., Manish Chaitanya, David Arnold, and Kouichi Sakurai. "Proof of Disease: A Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Accurate Medical Decisions and Reducing the Disease Burden." In 2018 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartworld.2018.00079.

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Zhao, Xinhui, and Bingling Han. "Discussion on the Distribution of the Burden of Proof of the Damage Caused by Blood Transfusion." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.50.

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Reports on the topic "Reversal of the burden of proof"

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Kaplow, Louis. On the Optimal Burden of Proof. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17765.

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Pfitzer, James Headen, and Sheila Sabune. Burden of Proof in WTO Dispute Settlement: Contemplating Preponderance of the Evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ds_ip_20090421.

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