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Mubark, Athmar. "Computer Science Optimization Of Reverse auction : Reverse Auction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68140.
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Many people still confused and misunderstand the differences between auction types: In fact, we have only two major types of auctions which are the forward auction and Reverse auction[22]. In a forward auction a single seller offers an item for sale with many competitive buyers driving the price upward: In a Reverse Auction, a single buyer wants to purchase a service or an item from many sellers, they drive the price downward: There are many differences between these type of auction: Including the progress of the auctions; winner selection criterion and other factors: The Reverse Auction nowadays is one of the most preferred types of online auctions: It gains popularity rapidly because of representing the buyers' side and helps him to drive prices down in contrary with the forward auction or traditional auction. The aim of this study is to identify the most common types of the Reverse auctions and compare them to one another to determine when should be used by a buyer and propose the most efficient implementation model for some types: The results of this study are: achieve a written report and a small demonstrator model on how to implement English Auction and Second-Sealed bid Auction.
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Parker, Thomas Glenn. "ONLINE-REVERSE-AUCTIONS AND THE BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP: THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE-REVERSE-AUCTION DESIGN ON SUPPLIER COMMITMENT AND SUPPLIER TRUST." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/192.
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Industrial online-reverse-auctions have become a common procurement strategy used by many firms to reduce the cost of purchased goods and services. The advantages of online-reverse-auctions include significant price reductions, increased purchasing and selling efficiencies, and access to new supply and purchasing markets. Despite these benefits, practitioners and academics alike have raised concerns with respect to the impact of online-reverse-auctions on the buyer-supplier relationship. Previous research suggests that the parameters and characteristics of an online-reverse-auction can influence the perceptions of online-reverse-auction participants. This dissertation investigates this phenomenon by examining how the design of an online-reverse-auction influences the supplier's perception of the buyer-supplier relationship. Specifically, this research considers the effects of online-reverse-auction design in terms of the independent variables of auction control, auction bid visibility, and auction award rules and the dependent variables of supplier commitment to the buyer and supplier trust in the buyer. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 quasi-experimental design and the statistical technique of MANCOVA, this study tests hypotheses related to how different online-reverse-auction design characteristics influence supplier commitment to the buyer and supplier trust in the buyer. The results of the study suggest that the type of online-reverse-auctions buyers utilize can have an impact on supplier perceptions of the buyer supplier relationship. Overall, the result suggest that supplier trust is influenced by the type of auction design buyers utilize, however, supplier commitment is not. Auctions utilizing third party auction providers, partial bid visibility, and post auction negotiations tended to result in higher levels of trust on the part of suppliers. This study makes a contribution to the literature in the following areas. First, this study is one of only a handful of empirical studies examining the effects of online-reverse-auction designs on the buyer-supplier relationship. While a considerable debate exists within the literature concerning the pros and cons of online-reverse-auctions, little empirical work exists. This study makes a contribution by providing insight with respect to how online-reverse-auction designs influence supplier perceptions of the buyer-supplier relationships. Secondly, this analysis considers the buyer-supplier relationship in terms of commitment and trust. Previous studies have largely neglected these constructs despite their prominence in the buyer-supplier relationship literature. Finally, given that the use of online-reverse-auctions seems well entrenched in the purchasing strategies of many buying organizations; this study provides guidance for the design of online-reverse-auctions such that buyers can potentially reduce the negative aspects of the process.
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Brown, Whitney E., and Lana D. Ray. "Electronic reverse auctions in the federal government." Thesis, Monterey, California, Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38037.
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MBA Professional ReportAproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
In light of the limited recognition of electronic reverse auctions (e-RA) in the acquisition field, the purpose of this research paper is to further the use of e-RAs throughout the federal government and the Department of Defense (D0D). By exploring a multitude of auction types and designs that have been or are currently being used in the private sector, these practices set a basis for researching the auction types being used in the public sector. This paper further explores the regulations guiding the use of e-RAs and investigates the federal government's application of reverse auctions through studies, reports, and interviews with users of e-RAs. Details as to what attributes are prevalent in these e-RAs, what features are best suited for e-RAs, and what benefits have been derived from the use of e-RAs in the federal government are also included. Finally, the researchers found that e-RAs have increased transparency, cost savings, and efficiencies in the acquisition process. Although reverse auctions are being used effectively, the researchers found that there are still opportunities for improvement including incorporating a fully functional best-value tool into e-RA technology and developing more thorough federal guidance on e-RAs as an alternative pricing method.
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Stephens, Gary D. "A case study of the Army Reverse Auction." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA396576.
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Jesus, Marcos Paulo de. "Um estudo de caso entre 3 tipos de leilão reverso sob a perspectiva de uma organização de compras." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24295.
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Essa dissertação é um estudo de caso experimental em laboratório com três tipos de leilão reverso, visando aplicar as lições aprendidas no experimento a um caso real. Como há diversos tipos de leilão disponíveis, selecionar a modalidade mais indicada para um processo de compras torna-se um problema relevante para que uma empresa compradora consiga o melhor resultado do ponto de vista de redução de custo e continuidade do negócio. Fundamentado nisso, o objetivo dessa dissertação é identificar qual a modalidade de leilão pode trazer o melhor resultado do ponto de vista da empresa que está realizando a compra. Dessa forma, foi selecionado um item específico a ser comprado pela empresa, nesse caso um serviço de transporte de carga excedentes, e solicitado a fornecedores selecionados que enviassem propostas de fornecimento com o objetivo de atender à solicitação de cotação (RFQ, ou request for quotation) e, baseado nessas propostas, foi elaborada uma série de simulações em laboratório de três tipos de leilão: leilão reverso inglês, leilão reverso japonês e leilão de primeiro preço em envelope fechado. Após a execução desse experimento, foi selecionada a modalidade de leilão que gerou os melhores resultados esperados pela companhia, nesse caso o menor lance entre os participantes, e aplicada em um caso real, cujo resultado foi reportado nesse trabalho para enriquecer a aplicabilidade dessa dissertação. Com base nesses resultados foi possível comparar o efeito de redução de custos entre esses três tipos de leilão para então aplicá-los em situações futuras.
This dissertation is an experimental case study with three different types of reverse auction in a laboratory aiming to apply the lessons learned in the simulations to a real case. As there are several auctions types available in the software used by companies, selecting the most suitable type for a specific procurement process becomes a relevant problem for a company aiming to get the best result regarding cost reduction and business continuity. Based on that, the goal of this dissertation is to identify which type of auction may lead to the best result from the perspective of the buyer. Thus, it was selected one specific item to be purchased by the company, in this case heavy lift transportation services and it was asked to some suppliers to submit proposals to meet the request for quotation (RFQ). Based on these proposals, it was designed a series of auctions simulations in a laboratory of three types of auctions (reverse English auction, reverse Japanese auction and first price sealed envelope auction). After the performance of these simulations in a laboratory, the type of auction that generated the best results expected by the company, in this case the one with the lowest winning bid from bidders, was selected, applied in a real case situation and the result was reported to enrich the application of this dissertation. Based on these results it is possible to infer the cost reduction effect of these three types of auction and apply it further in the procurement processes.
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Oh, Se-Kyoung. "Procurement Mechanisms in the Presence of Learing by Doing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7525.
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In markets where suppliers experience learning by doing over time or, more generally, economies of scale in production, buyers are auctioning off longer-term contracts with an eroding price policy. Under an eroding price contract, the buyer initially competitively awards production to the lowest-bid supplier via an auction. Before
the auction takes place, the buyer makes it clear to the suppliers that, if chosen, a sequence of price reductions will be mandatory in
subsequent periods.
In this thesis, we mainly study the design of the optimal eroding price contract in a two period setting under three different model settings : (1) Every supplier faces a new cost in each period (NLI model), (2) The supplier who wins the auction in the first period locks-in his cost for the future, and the buyer makes the future payment based on the winning supplier's current bid (LI1), and (3) The supplier who wins the auction in the first period locks-in his
cost for the future, and the buyer makes the future payment based on the winning supplier's actual cost (LI1). Under NLI setting, the magnitude of the cost reduction due to learning by doing is common knowledge, while the magnitude is uncertain under LI1 and LI2
settings. We also study the optimal reserve prices in sequential independent auctions under NLI setting.
We go on to compare the performance of the eroding price policy against sequential independent auctions (without or with the optimal
reserve prices) under the above model settings. Via analytical and numerical comparisons, we find that even in the presence of learning
by doing/economies of scale in production, a buyer is often better off running sequential auctions with a reserve price, rather than
limiting competition and contracting with a single supplier in the hopes of extracting a better future price.
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Gwebu, Kholekile L. "TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIRST-SCORE REVERSE MULTI-ATTRIBUTE AUCTIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1148999465.
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Serbová, Eva. "Vícekriteriální hodnocení projektů v Raiffeisen Bank." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113475.
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Diploma thesis describes the slection of supplier of testing services for Everest project at Raiffeisenbank a. s. with aid of methods of multi-criteria decision and operation research. Thesis compares achieved results with the decision made in real tender realised in year 2010. Solution deals with two approaches via operation research. For the first round of tender were used three methods of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives, WSA, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III. According to the results of each method were chosen suppliers who advanced to the next round. Second round operates with prices of particular phases of project and discounts offered by suppliers. Solution uses modified model of Reverse Auction. Calculations were supported by program packages SANNA and LINGO. Diploma thesis proved usability of mathematical modelling of multi-criteria decision task as support for management decision in real life business.
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Lacerda, Luiz Carlos Neiva. "Uma análise da variabilidade dos preços adjudicados em pregões eletrônicos na Administração Pública Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9931.
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The transparency subject in which Brazilian Public Administration is concerned, has been more and more debated as well as developed. And the portal ComprasNET has been part of it. Most of the 60 billion reais spent in investments and in different expenses, 22 billion were realized by means of ComprasNET in the reverse auction model. This dissertation main purpose is to analyse price variation concerning a single item, in this case the A4 75gr paper. And also check statistically whether there is any price variation among the several reverse auctions made by the Federal Public Administration. In case of positive answer, this work main purpose is to identify the administrative procedures which may have caused such discrepancies. After this study, suggestions will be presented to change those administrative procedures as well as to reduce the amount paid in such reverse auctions. The recommendations will not only be based on the available legislation but also on decisions and agreements made by TCU, AGU and many other departments of the Federal Public Administration. So finally, this work will try to make it clear to our society, to show it how the tax paid by its citizens has been spent.
O tema transparência na administração pública Brasileira esta cada vez mais em foco e o portal de compras ComprasNET faz parte dos portais de transparência do Governo Federal. Em 2011, dos quase 60 bilhões de reais gastos em investimentos e despesas diversas, 22 bilhões foram realizados por meio do ComprasNET na modalidade pregão eletrônico. Esta dissertação visa analisar a variabilidade de preços para um item específico de material, no caso o papel A4 75 gr, verificando estatisticamente se existe variabilidade de preços nas diversas licitações realizadas pelos órgãos da Administração Pública Federal. Em caso afirmativo, o trabalho visa identificar os procedimentos administrativos que podem ter causado tal divergência. A partir daí, foram apresentadas sugestões para alteração desses procedimentos administrativos, visando a redução do valor pago nos pregões eletrônicos. As recomendações foram baseadas na legislação em vigor e em decisões e acórdãos do TCU, AGU e demais órgãos da Administração Pública Federal. Dessa forma, este trabalho vai de encontro aos anseios da sociedade em ter uma melhor aplicação dos recursos públicos arrecadados por meio de impostos e taxas pagos pela população.
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Bordignon, Gerson. "E-procurement associado a MRO: o caso Caixa Econômica Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3769.
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Previous issue date: 2003The evolution of Information Technology (IT) - principally the Internet - from the academic realm to the business arena has generated discussions concerning the impact of this process on existing business models. The Brazilian government has been working to adjust its legal framework in order to take advantage of the benefits the new business environment offers the public sector. The primary objective of this study is to identify the benefits accruing to the Caixa Econômica Federal, in terms of improved efficiency, from the implementation of its online shopping site, MRO (maintenance, repair and operation). Using a simplified case study methodology, an analysis of the strategic importance of the implementation of the Caixa Econômica Federal' 5 shopping site is provided, specifically focused on how the relevant technological, organizational, and cultural' aspects have influenced the efficiency of the institution's productive processes. While the results obtained are significant with respect to investmentrecovery time, and promising in terms of the possibilities they offer for reducing the institution's administrative costs, of greater relevance is the site's potential as a mechanism for adding value to the bank's financiai performance. In this context, the Caixa Econômica Federal's challenge is to wed the market opportunities arising from the expertise that has been acquired to the idle capacity generated by productivity gains, and, in this way, to develop a product that provides vast revenue generating potential.
A evolução da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) - mormente da Internet -, deslocando-se do meio acadêmico para a área de negócios, tem gerado discussões sobre seu impacto em modelos de negócios existentes. O Governo Brasileiro vem adequando a sua base legal, de forma a aproveitar os benefícios que esse novo ambiente de negócios pode trazer à estrutura pública. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo identificar os benefícios alcançados pela Caixa Econômica Federal, no que se refere a melhorias na sua eficiência, ao implantar o seu site de compras MRO (Manutenção, Reparo e Operação). Através de metodologia de estudo de caso simples, busca-se analisar a importância estratégica da implantação do site de compras da Caixa Econômica Federal, investigando como as dimensões tecnológica, organizacional e cultural influenciaram a eficiência de seus processos produtivos. Embora os resultados obtidos sejam expressivos em relação ao tempo de recuperação do investimento, e promissores em relação ao potencial de reduzir custos administrativos da empresa, um fator considerado extremamente relevante é que o site tem grande potencial para agregar valor à performance financeira do banco. Neste contexto, a Caixa Econômica Federal deve aliar a oportunidade mercadológica gerada pela expertise desenvolvida, com a ociosidade que se cria com os ganhos de produtividade no processo, formando, assim, um produto com grande capacidade de geração de receita.
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De, Smet Yves. "A multicreteria perspective on reverse auctions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210974.
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Investigate the use of partial relations for multicriteria reverse auctions. At first, a theoretical framework is introduced. Then, an extension of traditional multicriteria tools is considered. This is referred to as the Butterfly model. Finally, the concept of Bidding Niches partitions is formalized and tested.Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Brown, Whitney E. Ray Lana D. "Electronic reverse auctions in the federal government." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FBrown%5FW%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007."Advisor(s): Gates, William R. ; Coughlan, Peter J. "December 2007." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also available in print.
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Radkevitch, Ulad. "Online reverse auctions for procurement of services /." Rotterdam : Erasmus Research Institute of Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13497.
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García, Carrillo José Carlos, Guzmán Fernando Ricardo Malpica, and Mendoza George Meléndez. "Plan de negocios de plataforma electrónica de información y elección de ofertantes de factoring para las MIPYME interesadas en financiar ventas mediante oferta de facturas negociables." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653877.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad desarrollar el Plan de Negocio de una plataforma electrónica de información y elección de ofertantes de factoring para las MIPYME interesadas en financiamiento de ventas mediante oferta de facturas negociables.
Esta propuesta se dirige a empresarios de diferentes rubros y cuyos niveles de facturación caracterizan a sus empresas como micro, pequeñas y medianas, especialmente para aquellos que valoran mucho contar con la liquidez de fondos necesarios para financiar sus operaciones al menor costo posible. Para ello se realizó un sondeo el cuál permitió validar nuestra propuesta explicada en este documento, destacando que el 67,3% manifiesta estar muy dispuesto a usar la plataforma “Elige – Factoring”.
Para implementar este modelo de negocio se requerirá de una inversión de S/ 105 000 distribuidos en desarrollo de plataforma web, adquisición de bienes de cómputo, campañas de difusión y otros gastos pre-operativos, así como capital de trabajo requerido para financiar las actividades del primer año de operación. Se usará redes sociales y se generará contenido de calidad para desarrollar una estrecha y contínua relación con los clientes.
La estrategia del presente plan se basará en la diferenciación y la focalización. Esta solución será la finetch referente de provisión de información de Factoring y de negociación de tasas de descuento de Facturas Negociables en el Perú.
A partir del análisis financiero realizado, concluimos que el proyecto tendrá un VAN de de S/133 321,46 y una TIR de 36,7%, luego de 5 años de operaciones, haciéndolo atractivo para invertir.The purpose of this research work is to develop the Business Plan of an electronic platform of information and choice of factoring bidders for MSME interested in financing sales by offering their negotiable invoices. This proposal is aimed at businessman of different sectors and whose billing levels characterize their companies as micro, small and medium-sized, especially for those who highly value having the liquidity of funds necessary to finance their operations at the lowest possible cost. For this, a poll was carried out which allowed us to validate our proposal explained in this document, highlighting that 67.3% state that they are very willing to use the platform "Elige - Factoring". To implement this business model, its will need an investment of S/ 105 000 distributed in web platform development, acquisition of computer assets, dissemination campaigns and other pre-operational expenses, as well as the working capital required to finance the activities of the first year of operation. Social networks will be used and quality content will be generated to develop a close and continuous relationship with customers. The strategy of this plan will be based on differentiation and targeting. This solution will be the benchmark finetch for the provision of Factoring information and the negotiation of discount rates of Negotiable Invoices in Peru. From the financial analysis carried out, we conclude that the project will have a NPV of S / 133 321,46 and an IRR of 36,7%, after 5 years of operations, making it attractive to invest.
Trabajo de investigación
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Vlachos, Georgios M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Multi-unit auction revenue with possibilistic beliefs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122392.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 25).
The revenue of traditional auction mechanisms is benchmarked solely against the players' own valuations, despite the fact that they may also have valuable beliefs about each other's valuations. Not much is known about generating revenue in auctions of multiple identical copies of a same good. (In particular the celebrated Vickrey mechanism has no revenue guarantees.) For such auctions, we (1) put forward an attractive revenue benchmark, based on the players' possibilistic about each other, and (2) construct a mechanism that achieves such benchmark, assuming that thplayers are two-level rational (where the rationality is in the sense of Aumann).
by Georgios Vlachos.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Roll, Bruce A. "Online reverse auctions : a pricing tool for government contracting /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386693.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000.Thesis advisors, Nissen, Mark E. ; Gates, William R. "December 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64). Also available online.
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Lösch, Andrea. "E-reverse auctions : context, information behaviour and buyer-supplier relationships." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441004.
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Kiser, Jennifer. "Developing Optimization Techniques for Logistical Tendering Using Reverse Combinatorial Auctions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3460.
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In business-to-business logistical sourcing events, companies regularly use a bidding process known as tendering in the procurement of transportation services from third-party providers. Usually in the form of an auction involving a single buyer and one or more sellers, the buyer must make decisions regarding with which suppliers to partner and how to distribute the transportation lanes and volume among its suppliers; this is equivalent to solving the optimization problem commonly referred to as the Winner Determination Problem. In order to take into account the complexities inherent to the procurement problem, such as considering a supplier’s network, economies of scope, and the inclusion of business rules and preferences on the behalf of the buyer, we present the development of a mixed-integer linear program to model the reverse combinatorial auction for logistical tenders.
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Galland, Lopez Michel 1973. "Bidding strategies in reverse auctions for the automotive industry procurement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9299.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-51).
The Information Era has brought along a myriad of revolutionary changes. The Internet in particular has given new forms to old paradigms. It is quite a challenge for companies to decide which of all these options best suit their business model and their strategies, hopefully one that also provides them with a competitive edge. One of these new alternatives is online auctions used as a procurement tool. And because of their novelty, it is still unclear whether they are a flawless method of decreasing costs. Although there are many issues concerning this topic, the one addressed here is how the bidders' behavior during the auction (the strategy used to place their bids) affects the outcome, for them as well as for the company setting up the event; and how managers on both sides can maximize the benefits. The basis for the study was a recent auction conducted by autoparts maker Visteon for the procurement of a plastic hose. On the supplier side, the results show that those companies that had a target price before entering the auction, would obtain the most benefits (less sacrifice in profits), since Visteon did not award the projects solely based on price. On the buyer side, having a rich mixture of bidders (diverse in size, location, quality concern for example) enables a more dynamic process (lower prices).
by Michel Galland Lopez.
M.Eng.
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Newman, Neil. "Efficient feasibility checking in reverse clock auctions for radio spectrum." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60376.
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We investigate the problem of building a feasibility checker to repack stations in the
reverse auction part of the FCC’s ongoing, multi-billion-dollar “incentive auction”.
In this work, we describe the design of a feasibility checker, SATFC, that has been
adopted by the FCC for use in the incentive auction. We also construct a reverse
auction simulator both in order to evaluate SATFC and also to gain insight into how
the performance of the feasibility checker impacts the overall cost and efficiency of
the auction. Through running simulations that differ only in the feasibility checker
used, we show that the feasibility checker has a significant impact on auction cost
and efficiency.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Cooper, William L. "Revenue management, auctions, and perishable inventories." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25805.
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Kang, Boo-Sung. "Empirical study on the Korean treasury auction focusing on the revenue comparison in multiple versus single price auction." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3051.
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This dissertation pursues to find an answer empirically to the question of the
revenue ranking between the multiple price auction and the single price auction. I also
attempt to get empirical clues in terms of the efficiency ranking between the two.
Under the assumptions of symmetric bidders and private independent value (PIV), I
derive the optimal bidding conditions for both auction formats. Following the
structural model estimation approach, I estimate the underlying distribution of market
clearing price using the nonparametric resampling strategy and recover the biddersÂ
unknown true valuations corresponding to each observed bid point. With these
estimated valuations of the bidders, I calculate what the upper bound of the revenue
would have been under the Vickery auction to perform the counterfactual revenue
comparison with the actual revenue. I find that, ex-post, the multiple price auction
yields more revenue to the Korean Treasury than the alternative. I also investigate the
efficiency ranking by comparing the number of bids switched and the amount of
surplus change which would occur when the bidders are assumed to report their true
valuations as their bids. I find that the multiple price auction is also superior to the
alternative in efficiency which supports the current theoretical prediction. Finally, I
investigate the robustness of my model and empirical results by relaxing the previous
assumptions. I, first, extend the model and estimation to the case of asymmetric
bidders where the bidders are divided into two groups based on their size. It shows that
the model and estimation framework are still valid and that the empirical findings are
very similar to the symmetric case. I also test for the presence of common value (CV)
component in the bidders valuation function. I propose the simple regression model
adopting the idea of the policy experimental approach. I obtain quite an inconclusive
result in general but find some evidence supporting PIV for relatively higher bid prices
while supporting CV for lower bid prices.
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Menezes, Ronald do Amaral. "Leilões eletrônicos reversos multiatributo : uma abordagem de decisão multicritério como instrumento de agregação de valor aos processos de compras do setor público brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3817.
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Previous issue date: 2003Auctions are secular institutions used in the commercial relationships among individuaIs and organizations. They provi de greater flexibility to the processes of determination of prices and allocation of goods, increasing the space for negotiations among buyers and sellers. In the Internet, they have been used, in a growing way, in B2B and G2B electronic commerce, mostly through the model of reverse auctions. However, its unidimensional aspect reduces the negotiations to the variable price, producing, many times, bad results. In the Brazilian case, the Federal Government launched Comprasnet, an Internet public emarketplace, through which public organizations acquire goods and services from registered suppliers. Considering alI the available bidding modalities, 'Electronic Pregão' stands out, as an unidimensional reverse auction, based on price, through which suppliers dispute for contracts of the public administration. In the present work, the author proposes a multicriteria decision-making approach, based on Multi-attribute Utility Theory, as an alternative for the adoption of multi-attribute reverse auctions, adding value to Brazilian Public Buying Organizations.
Leilões são instituições seculares utilizadas nas relações comerciais entre indivíduos e organizações. Provêem maior flexibilidade aos processos de determinação de preços e alocação de bens, aumentando o espaço para negociações entre compradores e vendedores. Na Internet, têm sido empregados, de maneira crescente, em atividades de comércio eletrônico B2B e G2B, em sua maioria, através da modalidade de leilão reverso. No entanto, seu aspecto unidimensional reduz as negociações à variável preço, produzindo, muitas vezes, resultados aquém do desejado. No caso brasileiro, o Governo Federal instituiu o Portal Comprasnet, através do qual, as organizações públicas adquirem bens e serviços de fornecedores cadastrados. Dentre as modalidades de licitação disponíveis, destaca-se o Pregão Eletrônico, um mecanismo de leilão eletrônico reverso baseado no atributo preço, através do qual, fornecedores submetem lances decrescentes, na disputa por contratos do setor público. No presente trabalho, o autor propõe uma abordagem de decisão multicritério, baseada na Teoria da Utilidade Multiatributo, como uma alternativa para a adoção de leilões reversos baseados em múltiplos atributos e, consequentemente, para uma maior agregação de valor pelas organizações compradoras do setor público brasileiro.
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Schnabel, Martin [Verfasser], and Ulli [Akademischer Betreuer] Arnold. "Electronic Reverse Auctions - Zielorientierte Gestaltung auktionsintegrierter Beschaffungsprozesse / Martin Schnabel ; Betreuer: Ulli Arnold." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118367804/34.
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Ponnaluru, Srinivasa Sasdhar. "Empirical analysis of used construction equipment and auction house revenues." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/s_ponnaluru_120109.pdf.
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Beik, Nima, Kim Bergqvist, and Jihane Karam. "Marketing in e-Commerce through the Implementation of the Service Perspective : A Case Study of the Start-Up Firm - EarnBidWin.com." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18232.
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This Thesis will begin by highlighting the significance of social media networks and e-Commerce in today’s business environment. The purpose of this paper is to develop an external marketing strategy that can be employed by start-up firms operating in the e-Commerce of reverse auction sites. The paper will particularly focus on the company EarnBidWin.com and the marketing strategy will be based on the Service Perspective. EarnBidWin.com is an online reverse auction site that is new and unique compared to other existing models of reverse auction. EarnBidWin.com is a web-based advertising and networking platform that features e-Campaigns (performance-based advertising) and reverse auctions. EarnBidWin.com’s unique business model within a social-business network offers a win-win situation for all parties concerned. A qualitative research method is conducted by using a case study. The data is gathered through the primary source of interviews with the CEO of the company, along with the secondary source of extensive academic literature. Finally, the results are presented in a discussion of a proposed marketing strategy based on the combination of the Service Perspective and the Critical Success Factors of high growth start-up firms in the e-Commerce arena.
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Fabby, James G. "The potential impact of reverse auctions on the Department of Defense supplier base." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6085.
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Acquisition reform has resulted in many changes throughout DoD procurement. The draw down of the workforce and financial constraints demand acquisition professionals conduct business in a smarter, more efficient manner. The technology today provides Internet platforms that allow the commercial marketplace to take advantage of electronic commerce. Consequently, several Federal and State Government agencies have turned to Reverse Auctions for potential cost savings. Reverse Auctions have been conducted by several Government organizations within the past year and according to most reports, they were found to be a huge success. The focus for this analysis is to determine what impact, if any, the new Reverse Auction pricing initiative may have on the DoD Supplier Base. It includes an in-depth review of the Reverse Auction literature as well as a survey of over 40, historical and non-traditional, Government suppliers. The results of the survey uncovered several major concerns in respect to the use of Reverse Auctions within the Government. These concerns were analyzed and conclusions were made as to their validity. This thesis concludes with recommendations for the Reverse Auction process in the future and areas for further research.
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Wolf, Jürgen [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Bichler, and Florian von [Akademischer Betreuer] Wangenheim. "Efficiency, Auctioneer Revenue, and Bidding Behavior in the Combinatorial Clock Auction - An Analysis in the Context of European Spectrum Auctions / Jürgen Wolf. Gutachter: Florian von Wangenheim. Betreuer: Martin Bichler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030099855/34.
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Zhong, Fang. "Empirical analyses of online procurement auctions - business value, bidding behavior, learning and incumbent effect." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19765.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Wu, D.J.; Committee Member: Keskinocak, Pinar; Committee Member: Narasimhan, Sridhar; Committee Member: Toktay, Beril; Committee Member: Zhang, Han.
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Schnellbächer, Wolfgang [Verfasser], and Ulli [Akademischer Betreuer] Arnold. "Reverse Auctions im Einkauf : empirische Analyse von Anbieterreaktionen und deren Ursachen / Wolfgang Schnellbächer. Betreuer: Ulli Arnold." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031421629/34.
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Wilenius, Jim. "Bidding in Combinatorial Auctions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-102960.
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This thesis concerns the interdisciplinary field of combinatorial auctions, combining the fields of computer science, optimization and economics. A combinatorial auction is an auction where many items are sold simultaneously and where bidders may submit indivisible combinatorial bids on groups of items. It is commonly believed that good solutions to the allocation problem can be achieved by allowing combinatorial bidding. Determining who wins in a combinatorial auction is fundamentally different from a traditional single-item auction because we are faced with a hard and potentially intractable optimization problem. Also, unless we are limited to truthful mechanisms, game theoretic analysis of the strategic behavior of bidders is still an open problem. We have chosen primarily to study the first-price combinatorial auction, a natural auction widely used in practice. Theoretical analysis of this type of auction is difficult and little has been done previously. In this thesis we investigate and discuss three fundamental questions with significant practical implications for combinatorial auctions. First, because the number of possible bids grows exponentially with the number of items, limitations on the number of bids are typically required. This gives rise to a problem since bidders are unlikely to choose the "correct" bids that make up the globally optimal solution. We provide evidence that an expressive and compact bidding language can be more important than finding the optimal solution. Second, given a first-price (sealed-bid) combinatorial auction, the question of equilibrium bidding strategies remains an open problem. We propose a heuristic for finding such strategies and also present feasible strategies. And finally, is a first-price combinatorial auction worth pursuing compared to the simpler simultaneous (single-item) auction? We prove, through a model capturing many fundamental properties of multiple items scenarios with synergies, that the first-price combinatorial auction produces higher revenue than simultaneous single-item auctions. We provide bounds on revenue, given a significantly more general model, in contrast to previous work.
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Coyne, Adam V., Michael J. Collins, Adam V. Coyne, and Michael J. Collins. "Integrating Electronic Reverse Auctions into Defense Procurement: Exploratory Research on Opportunities, Issues, Processes, Risks, and Cultural Implications." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2012.
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This case study explores the first and only electronic reverse auction (e-RA) conducted by the United States Air Force (USAF) in Kuwait and addresses both theoretical gaps in e-RA knowledge and practitioner gaps within the Department of Defense (DoD). Qualitative research based on a single case study explored 1) cultural implications of conducting an e-RA in the Middle East and 2) procedures DoD contracting officers could follow to use e-RAs for stateside and contingency procurementsà ¢ and expected savings from doing so. Findings suggest that Middle Eastern sellers with a cultural disposition to avoid risky technology-based acquisition participated in the USAF auction because they trusted the USAF more than buyers in the local market. Sellers also felt increased satisfaction with the e-RA even when they did not win because the process increased fairness, transparency and reduced the negative effects of "wasta" and the general Arab business climate of distrust, unfairness, and favoritism. Secondly, a detailed spend analysis of FY07à ¢ -08 USAF spend data, extrapolated across DoD, suggests the DoD is leaving billions of dollars on the table by not using e-RAs. Drawing on the results, implications for theory and practice are explicated. Finally, study limitations are disclosed, and opportunities for future research are identified.
This case study explores the first and only electronic reverse auction (e-RA) conducted by the United States Air Force (USAF) in Kuwait and addresses both theoretical gaps in e-RA knowledge and practitioner gaps within the Department of Defense (DoD). Qualitative research based on a single case study explored 1) cultural implications of conducting an e-RA in the Middle East and 2) procedures DoD contracting officers could follow to use e-RAs for stateside and contingency procurementsà ¢ and expected savings from doing so. Findings suggest that Middle Eastern sellers with a cultural disposition to avoid risky technology-based acquisition participated in the USAF auction because they trusted the USAF more than buyers in the local market. Sellers also felt increased satisfaction with the e-RA even when they did not win because the process increased fairness, transparency and reduced the negative effects of "wasta" and the general Arab business climate of distrust, unfairness, and favoritism. Secondly, a detailed spend analysis of FY07à ¢ -08 USAF spend data, extrapolated across DoD, suggests the DoD is leaving billions of dollars on the table by not using e-RAs. Drawing on the results, implications for theory and practice are explicated. Finally, study limitations are disclosed, and opportunities for future research are identified.
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Pellegrini, Guilherme Martins. "Licitação multiunitária: modelagem de contratações públicas a partir da Teoria dos Leilões." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24296.
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Muitas licitações públicas podem ser processadas sob um formato multiunitário, com a divisão de um objeto de características similares em diversos lotes ou mediante a reunião de diferentes bens em um mesmo procedimento. Desse modo, o presente trabalho busca refletir acerca da racionalidade que deve guiar a decisão sobre o fracionamento da licitação sob o prisma da análise econômica do direito. Valendo-se dos resultados teóricos obtidos pela Teoria dos Leilões, busca-se entender qual o comportamento esperado dos licitantes em diferentes tipos de leilões e como a referida teoria pode ser útil para estruturar da melhor forma possível as contratações públicas no Brasil a partir das regras postas para tanto. Com um diagnóstico em relação às principais características dos leilões multiunitários, é realizada uma análise dogmática de modo a concluir quanto à viabilidade de adoção de cada tipo no âmbito do direito brasileiro e quais cuidados devem ser tomados para uma correta implementação prática de cada modelo. O objetivo é identificar as situações em que cada tipo de leilão se torna mais recomendável e como configurar adequadamente os lotes postos à disputa, tudo de modo a otimizar os objetivos pretendidos pela contratação pública. A principal conclusão é a de que o modelo adequado de leilão, bem como a determinação e caracterização dos lotes, deve seguir os objetivos pretendidos pelo administrador. Outrossim, para além de modalidades tradicionais de licitação multiunitária, é possível implementar no Brasil modelos inovadores, tais como o leilão aberto simultâneo e o leilão combinatório, os quais, sob certas circunstâncias, tendem a trazer resultados melhores.
Many public procurement can be processed in a multi-unit format, by dividing an object of similar characteristics into several lots or by assembling different goods in the same procedure. In this way, the work aims to reflect on the rationality that must guide the decision regarding the fractionation of the bidding under the view of law & economics. Taking the theoretical results of Auction Theory into account, the goal is to understand the expected bidders’ behavior in different types of auction and how the theory can be useful to design public contracting in the best possible way based on the current applicable rules. With a diagnosis on the multi-unit auctions main features, a dogmatic analysis is carried out in order to conclude on the feasibility of each type under Brazilian law and what cautions should be observed for a correct practical implementation of each model. The objective is to identify the situations in which is recommended the adoption of each auction type and how to design correctly the lots put into auction, all in order to optimize the objectives intended by public contracting. The main conclusion is that the proper auction model, as well as the determination and characterization of lots, should follow the objectives intended by the administrator. Moreover, in addition to traditional multi-unit bidding modalities, it is possible to implement innovative models in Brazil, such as the simultaneous ascending auction and the combinatorial auction, which, under certain circumstances, tend to produce better results.
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Baradel, Evandro Meira. "Licitação como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento regional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9241.
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This dissertation shows that the bidding issue can be used as a regional development public policy instrument. The biddings in the state of São Paulo are based on a public policy that requires procedures of territorial decentralization. The decree that regulates this policy is focused mainly on giving a favored and simplified treatment to micro and small businesses. On the issue of decentralization the São Paulo government presents innovation in relation to federal legislation dealing with the subject. The decentralization phenomenon can contribute to increase the amount of winning companies that belong to particular region where the biddings producing 'regional economic growth'. However, here we adopt the hypothesis that this differential has not been effective. To verify it, we conducted a case study focused on two units of the University of São Paulo, both located in countryside. Analyzed the presence and electronic (reverse auctions) bidding procedures. The comparative analysis was still supplemented by a questionnaire given to civil servants of the procurement area of various units of this University. The result obtained in this paper shows that the effect of promoting regional development has not been achieved in both cases studied. It concludes that we must go a long way in the discussion about the use of governmental purchasing power as a potential inducer of regional development, which invariably suffers from legal changes. It’s also necessary to adopt complementary public policies.
Esta dissertação aborda a questão das licitações e como elas podem ser usadas como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento regional. As licitações do estado de São Paulo são orientadas sob uma política pública que exige procedimentos licitatórios que considerem a descentralização territorial. O decreto que regulamenta tal política tem como principal enfoque o tratamento simplificado e favorecido a micro e pequenas empresas, sendo que o aspecto da descentralização inova em relação à legislação federal que aborda o assunto. O fenômeno descentralizador pode contribuir para o aumento da quantidade de empresas vencedoras pertencentes a uma determinada região na qual ocorrem às licitações, podendo desta forma produzir 'crescimento econômico regional'. Contudo, adota-se aqui a hipótese de que esse diferencial não tem surtido efeito. Para verificar tal hipótese, realizou-se um estudo de caso centrado em duas unidades da Universidade de São Paulo, ambas localizadas no interior do estado. Foram analisadas as licitações realizadas de maneira presencial e eletrônica (pregões). A análise comparativa ainda foi complementada por um questionário submetido aos servidores da área de licitação das diversas unidades desta Universidade. O resultado obtido neste trabalho indica que o efeito de promoção do desenvolvimento regional não ocorreu em ambos os casos estudados. Conclui-se, ainda, que é preciso avançar muito na discussão acerca da utilização do poder de compra do Estado como potencial indutor de desenvolvimento regional. Esta atuação estatal invariavelmente deverá sofrer mudanças legais, sendo necessária, também, a adoção de outras políticas públicas complementares.
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Claus, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Nachträge bei komplexen Beschaffungen im Rahmen von E-Reverse Auctions. Eine quantitative Untersuchung am Beispiel eines MDAX-Konzerns. / Matthias Claus." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234171562/34.
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Dant, Madeline L. "AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS IMPACTING HAY AUCTION PRICES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR NAP TO REDUCE ALFALFA REVENUE RISK." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/52.
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Hay auctions have generally been understudied due to their unique market structure. Therefore, the factors that influence the price of hay at auction markets are not well-known. The price of hay at auction markets reflects the various characteristics that differentiate each lot of hay sold. This study is aimed at analyzing the determinants of Central Kentucky hay prices. A hedonic price model is estimated using data collected from a Central Kentucky hay auction. Known hay attributes include forage species, form, bale weight, and nutritive value. An important aspect of this analysis is to determine whether the quality measures of the hay are significant factors in determining hay prices in this auction setting. While price discovery of hay is important, it is also important to know about the insurance that is available to producers. Insurance for hay production is very limited with only two insurance programs available to Kentucky producers. An evaluation of the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program is conducted by simulating yields from an alfalfa producer and alfalfa trials from University of Kentucky Agriculture Research Centers in Princeton and Lexington, Kentucky. This analysis reveals the effectiveness of the coverage levels offered through the program for alfalfa producers in Kentucky.
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Ré, Reginaldo. ""Um processo para construção de frameworks a partir da engenharia reversa de sistemas de informação baseados na Web: aplicação ao domínio dos leilões virtuais"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-20052003-120738/.
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Um processo para o desenvolvimento de frameworks para sistemas de informação baseados na Web é proposto. Esse processo é composto pelos subprocessos de engenharia reversa de sistemas baseados na Web, de criação de uma linguagem de padrões e de construção e instanciação do framework. O subprocesso de engenharia reversa utiliza sistemas presentes na Web para derivar um modelo do domínio de aplicação. O desenvolvimento da linguagem de padrões é baseado no modelo do domínio e a construção do framework utiliza essa linguagem de padrões como base de todo o processo. Os produtos resultantes do uso desse processo para o domínio dos leilões virtuais, a Linguagem de Padrões LV e o Framework Qd+, também são apresentados.A process for the development of web-based information systems frameworks is proposed. This process comprises a reverse engineering - for web-based information systems -, a pattern language creation, and a framework instantiation subprocesses. The reverse engineering subprocess uses existing WISs to derive an application domain model. The pattern language is created from the application domain model and the framework is developed from this pattern language. The deliverables of the application of this process to the online auctions domain, the Pattern Language for Online Auctions and the Qd+ Framework, are also presented.
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Qiao, Bin. "Revenue Management pour les prestataires de services logistiques dans l'internet physique : les transporteurs de fret comme cas." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM027/document.
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Bien que le transport de marchandises joue un rôle essentiel dans le secteur économique et que la demande de transport de marchandises augmente, les transporteurs sur le marché du fret ont encore du mal à maintenir et à améliorer leurs revenus. Pour répondre aux défis, Revenue Management (RM) et l’Internet Physique (PI) sont adoptés comme solution dans cette thèse. RM est une méthode, issue de l’industrie du transport aérien, qui permet de maximiser les revenus. PI est un système logistique entièrement interconnecté, ouvert et dynamique visant à développer des réseaux logistiques mondiaux interconnectés ouverts afin d'accroître l'efficacité et la durabilité de la logistique. Cette thèse examine l’application de RM dans PI pour améliorer les revenus des transporteurs de chargement partiel. L’application de RM dans PI est étudiée à partir de quatre questions de recherche sur RM : la tarification, le contrôle de capacité, les prévisions et la tarification groupée. De plus, pour chaque question de recherche, une étude expérimentale est menée pour évaluer la faisabilité et les performances des modèles d'optimisation proposés correspondant à chaque question. Les résultats fournissent aux transporteurs des implications en termes de gestion et des conseils constructifs leur permettant d’optimiser leurs revenus à plusieurs niveaux, en tenant compte de situations et de scénarios différents. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche examine Revenue Management du point des transporteurs de chargement partiel opérant dans un environnement très dynamique tel que l’Internet Physique. Les travaux de cette recherche donnent un aperçu général et systématique de l’application de Revenue Management dans un réseau dynamique de transport de marchandises par route. Les réalisations de cette thèse fournissent une base pour la future étude approfondie sur le problème des revenus dans un environnement dynamiqueAlthough the freight transport plays vital role in the economic sector and the freight transport demand is increasing, there are still challenges for the carriers in the freight market to keep and improve their revenue. To respond to the challenges, Revenue Management (RM) and Physical Internet (PI) are adopted as the solution in this thesis. RM is a method, which is originated from airline industry, to maximize the revenue. PI is a fully interconnected, open, dynamic logistics system aiming to develop an open global interconnected logistics networks to increase the logistics efficiency and sustainability. This thesis investigates the application of RM in PI to improve the revenue of less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers. The application of RM in PI is studied based on four research questions in RM, i.e. pricing, capacity control, forecasting, and bundle pricing. In addition, for each research question, an experimental study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed optimization models corresponded to each question. The results provide the carriers managerial implications and constructive guidance to make decisions to optimize their revenue at several levels, considering different situations and scenarios. Overall, this research investigates the Revenue Management from the point of view of LTL carriers operating in a highly dynamic environment like Physical Internet. The work in this research gives a general and systematical sight to the application of RM in a dynamic network of road freight transport. The achievements of this thesis give a basis for the future in-depth study on the revenue problem in a dynamic environment
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Ferriche, Roberta Coube. "Teoria de Leilões com Aplicação ao Mercado de Petróleo Brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2683.
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The reform process that the petroleum industry have undergone from the 90 ́s, associated to the transference of public utility services to the private sector, brought important changes to the economy. In this context, the intensified use of auctions, for the privatization of public companies and for the concession of exploration rights assumed a role of great relevance in the Brazilian economy. The discussion on the type of auction used for the sale of oil leases is of great importance, since it represents the beginning of this new policy. Being so, this paper aims at approaching the main aspects that base the choice of an appropriate format of auction, detailing the peculiarities of the oil industry and, finally, analyzing the achieved results.
O processo de reforma que ocorreu na indústria petrolífera a partir da década de 1990, associada à transferência de serviços de utilidade pública para o setor privado, trouxe mudanças importantes para a economia. Neste contexto, a intensificação do uso de leilões, para a privatização das empresas públicas e para a concessão de direitos de exploração de seus serviços assumiu um papel de grande relevância na economia brasileira. A discussão sobre o desenho de leilão adotado para a venda de blocos petrolíferos é fundamental, pois representa o ponto inicial desta nova política. Sendo assim, este trabalho aborda os principais aspectos que fundamentam a escolha de um formato apropriado de leilão, detalhando as peculiaridades da indústria petrolífera e, finalmente, discutindo os resultados obtidos.
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Francisco, Bruno Mattiello. "Um modelo de leilões com conteúdo local: análise e modelagem dos leilões de concessão de blocos exploratórios de petróleo e gás promovidos pela ANP no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14009.
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Brazil’s oil auctions use an equation to form a score that defines the winner. Each company or consortium interested in the oil block must bid in three attributes: Signature Bonus (BA), Minimum Exploration Program (PEM) and Local Content (CL). Each of these attributes receives a weight in the equation and bidder’s final score also depends on the others companies bid. Although oil auctions have being widely studied in the economy the multi-attribute score auction is still poorly analyzed specially as a mechanism of mining rights allocation. The present work highlights the insertion of the local content as an attribute which transforms the auction structure from what could be a first price auction to a multi-attribute score auction. Through the project’s costs curve is demonstrated how the local content is related to another important score attribute that is the signature bonus. To better understand the insertion of the local content attribute we have created three cases of hypothetical auctions. We also have fixed the minimum exploration program and made some simplifications in order to build those cases. In the first scenario (Sem CL), the structure comes down to a first-price auction, where only the BA attribute defines the auction winner. In the second scenario (CLO=CLR), where the local content does impact the final score, the bidder is obligated to realize the local content as was bid. The last scenario is the complete case (Com Multa) which allows the bidder to failure the local content bid when paying the penalty represents an economic gain to the company. Taking those cases into consideration we have verified that, although the company’s revenue and the allocation efficiency don’t vary, the government revenue drops significantly when the local content is introduced as an attribute of score auctions.
Os leilões para concessão de blocos de petróleo no Brasil utilizam uma equação para formar a pontuação que define o vencedor. Cada participante deve submeter ao leiloeiro um lance composto por três atributos: Bônus de Assinatura (BA), Programa Exploratório Mínimo (PEM) e Conteúdo Local (CL). Cada atributo possui um peso na equação e a nota final de cada participante também depende dos lances ofertados pelos outros participantes. Apesar de leilões de petróleo serem muito estudados na economia, o leilão multi-atributos, do tipo máxima pontuação, ainda é pouco analisado, principalmente como mecanismo de alocação de direitos minerários. Este trabalho destaca a inserção do CL como atributo que transforma a estrutura, do que poderia ser um leilão simples de primeiro preço, em um leilão multi-atributos de máxima pontuação. Demonstra-se como o CL, através da curva de custos do projeto, está relacionado também ao Bônus de Assinatura, outro importante atributo da equação. Para compreender o impacto do fenômeno da inserção do CL, foram criados três casos de leilões hipotéticos, onde, dentre outras simplificações, o programa exploratório mínimo foi fixado para todas as empresas envolvidas. No caso base (Sem CL), simula-se a estrutura de um leilão de primeiro preço, onde apenas o BA define o vencedor do leilão. Já no caso forçado (CLO=CLR), há inserção do atributo CL, sendo o participante obrigado a cumprir o CL ofertado. Por fim, o caso completo (Com Multa) permite que o participante preveja a aplicação de multa por descumprimento do CL ofertado e, caso haja benefício econômico, descumpra efetivamente o CL ofertado. Considerando estes casos, argumenta-se que, apesar do o lucro das empresas e a eficiência do leilão não serem alterados, a inclusão do conteúdo local na estrutura do leilão pode ter reflexos consideráveis na receita do governo.
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Cheifetz, Aaron A. "The effect of acquisition reform on small business participation in the Federal marketplace." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1693.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThis thesis investigates the effect that acquisition reform has had on small business participation in the Federal contracting arena. As a result of the transformation of the Federal acquisition process through acquisition reform legislation and the reduction in the acquisition workforce, small business contractors are faced with new challenges to compete for and win Federal contracts. This paper concentrates on examining contract bundling, reverse auctions, electronic commerce and multiple award schedules. It concludes that contract bundling has had a negative effect on small businesses by excluding them from many competitions. It also finds that electronic commerce has had a positive effect on small businesses by giving them greater access to Federal contract opportunities and by speeding up the acquisition process. Regarding multiple award schedules, the research supports benefits for small businesses when they are given the chance to compete through multiple award schedules. It also finds negative implications for small businesses in that multiple award schedules often favor large established businesses at the expense of small businesses. The paper finds a lack of awareness on the part of small business concerning reverse auctions and finds no major impact on small businesses resulting from reverse auctions.
Civilian, Department of the Army PEO-EIS
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Mauad, Luiz Guilherme Azevedo. "Utilização do indicador custo em risco, na decisão de apreçamento em projetos de alta tecnologia, em leilões reversos e em concorrências de menor preço." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/763.
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Purchasing high quality and low price products has become a consumer fixation, mainly where the lowest price is demanded and in reverses auctions, whether electronic or not. The importance of establishing retail prices of projects, products and services has been increasing. Therefore, it has become a strategic and challenging task for managers while also being one of their great fears. In a global and highly competitive market, price setting may influence consumers buying choices: a product s value and quality, which meet their expectations, will sell a product or project. On the other hand, a price inaccurately fixed may turn offers down and lead a company into unwished results. Research shows that markup pricing method is still the most common technique used by companies. However, fixing a price based on this method and taking into account a deterministic cost value may lead a company into making the wrong decisions and taking unnecessary risks. Prices undergo the influence of several costs and market related factors, which, somehow, have some kind of uncertainty risk. Nevertheless, when one is dealing with costs this uncertainty becomes more latent. Therefore, they must be taken into consideration in the company s pricing process. The present research study, based on RiskMetrics concepts such as VaR and, mainly, CorporateMetrics, proposes and applies a pricing model named Cost at Risk based Price (PCeR) in a high technology venture. The model approaches costs incurred stochastically instead of deterministically and takes into account the risks inherent to their composing parameters. The model has proven to be a useful and flexible tool, which offers to managers greater understanding when fixing retail prices. That understanding may assist organizations to reach a market, overcome their competitors and grow profitably.
Adquirir produtos com qualidade e preços baixos tornou-se uma obsessão para o consumidor,principalmente, nas concorrências em que o menor preço é exigido e nos leilões reversos,realizados por meio eletrônico ou não. A fixação de preços de venda para projetos, produtos e/ou serviços adquire, a cada dia, maior importância. Torna-se uma atividade estratégica e um dos grandes desafios para os gestores e, porque não dizer, um dos seus grandes temores. Em um mercado global e altamente competitivo, o dimensionamento de preço pode influir na decisão de compra do consumidor: o estabelecimento de valor e qualidade que atendam à sua expectativa favorece a venda do produto, ou projeto, já um preço mal dimensionado pode fazê-lo refugar ofertas e levar a empresa a resultados indesejados. Estudos mostram que a precificação custo acrescido , ainda hoje, é a técnica mais utilizada pelas empresas, para cumprir essa função. Porém, definir o preço, com base neste modelo e considerar apenas um valor de custo determinístico, poderá levar a empresa a decisões errôneas e riscos desnecessários. Sabe-se que o preço sofre influência de uma série de fatores ligados ao custo e ao mercado que, de certa forma, contêm certo grau de incerteza, porém é nos custos que estas incertezas tornam-se mais latentes. Então, não se pode deixar de considerá-las no processo de precificação da empresa. Este trabalho, baseado nos conceitos propostos pelo RiskMetrics, como o VaR e, principalmente, nas CorporateMetrics, propõe e aplica, em uma empresa de alta tecnologia, um modelo de precificação denominado Preço baseado no Custo em Risco (PCeR), que aborda os custos incorridos não mais de maneira determinística, mas de forma estocástica, levando em consideração os riscos inerentes aos parâmetros que o compõem. O modelo mostrou ser uma ferramenta útil e flexível aos gestores, oferecendo uma maior visibilidade na definição do preço de venda, visibilidade essa que pode levar a organização a conquistar mercado, superar a concorrência e crescer com lucratividade.
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Chadima, Tomáš. "Využití reverzních elektronických aukcí ve stavebnictví na Slovensku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240269.
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This thesis is focused on analysis of the use of electronic reverse auctions in the construction industry in Slovakia. The theoretical part provides the basic concepts, types and participants of electronic auctions. There are also analysed in detail the electronic reverse auctions as an important tool for procurement processes in the construction industry. The practical part deals with the analysis and subsequent recommendation for the construction sector - through a questionnaire survey.
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Jaimes, Luis Gabriel. "A Location-Based Incentive Mechanism for Participatory Sensing Systems with Budget Constraints." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4087.
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Participatory Sensing (PS) systems rely on the willingness of mobile users to participate in the collection and reporting of data using a variety of sensors either embedded or integrated in their
cellular phones. Users agree to use their cellular phone resources to sense and transmit the data of interest because these data will be used to address a collective problem that otherwise would
be very difficult to assess and solve. However, this new data collection paradigm has not been very successful yet mainly because of the lack of incentives for participation and privacy concerns. Without adequate incentive and privacy guaranteeing mechanisms most users will not be willing to participate. This thesis concentrates on incentive mechanisms for user participation in PS system. Although several schemes have been proposed thus far, none has used location information and imposed budget and coverage constraints, which will make the scheme more realistic and efficient. A recurrent reverse auction incentive mechanism with a greedy algorithm that selects a representative subset of the users according to their location given a fixed budget is proposed. Compared to existing mechanisms, GIA (i.e., Greedy Incentive Algorithm) improves the area covered by more than 60 percent acquiring a more representative set of samples after every round, i.e., reduces the collection of unnecessary (redundant) data, while maintaining the same number of active users in the system and spending the same budget.
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Dosedělová, Pavla. "Využití elektronických aukcí ve stavebnictví se zaměřením na soukromý sektor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226828.
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This diploma thesis is focused on reverse e-auctions and their utilization in construction companies. In theoretical part of the work are terms of purchase and auction defined and described process of e-auction. The practical part analyzes situations in construction companies by questionnaire survey and case study. Consequently recommendations for provision of carefree process of e-auction are proposed.
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Giannakopoulos, Ioannis. "Duality theory for optimal mechanism design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:90e1fdec-8803-4306-8985-5106c457f34d.
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In this work we present a general duality-theory framework for revenue maximization in additive Bayesian auctions involving multiple items and many bidders whose values for the goods follow arbitrary continuous joint distributions over some multi-dimensional real interval. Although the single-item case has been resolved in a very elegant way by the seminal work of Myerson [1981], optimal solutions involving more items still remain elusive. The framework extends linear programming duality and complementarity to constraints with partial derivatives. The dual system reveals the natural geometric nature of the problem and highlights its connection with the theory of bipartite graph matchings. We demonstrate the power of the framework by applying it to various special monopoly settings where a seller of multiple heterogeneous goods faces a buyer with independent item values drawn from various distributions of interest, to design both exact and approximately optimal selling mechanisms. Previous optimal solutions were only known for up to two and three goods, and a very limited range of distributional priors. The duality framework is used not only for proving optimality, but perhaps more importantly, for deriving the optimal mechanisms themselves. Some of our main results include: the proposal of a simple deterministic mechanism, which we call Straight-Jacket Auction (SJA) and is defined in a greedy, recursive way through natural geometric constraints, for many uniformly distributed goods, where exact optimality is proven for up to six items and general optimality is conjectured; a scheme of sufficient conditions for exact optimality for two-good settings and general independent distributions; a technique for upper-bounding the optimal revenue for arbitrarily many goods, with an application to uniform and exponential priors; and the proof that offering deterministically all items in a single full bundle is the optimal way of selling multiple exponentially i.i.d. items.
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Amorim, Patricia Carneiro Leão. "Os efeitos da modalidade pregão na execução dos contratos continuados: um estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11453.
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This work investigates the impact of lowest price bids made through the system of electronic reverse auctions, as seen in the performance and execution of continuous contracts negotiated by the Superintendency of Adminstration for the Advocacia Geral da União (AGU) in Pernambuco, Brazil, during the period between 2006 and 2010. The research was based on the premise that contracting lowest price bidders can stimulate a dip in prices offered by other bidders, leading to contracts with extremely low values that negatively affect the performance of services. Such contracts may be rife with problems and reduce the overall life span of continuous contracts. These apparent savings, a result of intense competition characteristic to the bidding manner of reverse auctions, should be questioned. The results of this study confirm this premise, showing that 55% of contracts generated through the electronic bidding system have serious issues, and 31% of these contracts resulted in a unilateral termination for breach of contractual terms. An inverse relationship between the initial savings generated in the bidding and contract expiration time was identified - the greater the difference between the estimated value and that which was negotiated during the bidding process, the shorter the duration of the contract. Therefore, hiring well below the market price generates contracts with short lifespans and many problems. Data analyses indicate a need to relativize the adoption of the reverse auction bidding system and reconsider its implications for continuous, effective services.
O presente trabalho investiga os impactos das licitações do tipo menor preço, realizadas por meio de Pregão eletrônico, no desempenho das execuções dos contratos contínuos, efetivados pela Superintendência de Administração da AGU em Pernambuco - SAD/PE -, no período de 2006 a 2010. Teve como proposição a premissa de que a contratação do tipo menor preço pode, em função de suas próprias características, estimular uma redução excessiva nos preços ofertados pelos licitantes e originar contratações com valores muito baixos que interferem de forma negativa no desempenho da prestação dos serviços, gerando infrações contratuais e diminuindo a vida útil dos contratos contínuos. A aparente economia, consequência da acirrada competição nos leilões invertidos, que caracterizam a modalidade licitatória Pregão, em médio e longo prazo, pode ser questionada. Os resultados confirmaram a proposição, evidenciando um percentual de 55% dos contratos, oriundos de Pregão eletrônico, com infrações e 31%, rescindidos unilateralmente por descumprimento de cláusulas contratuais. Foi identificada uma relação, de força moderada, inversamente proporcional entre a economia inicial gerada na licitação e o tempo de execução dos contratos, sugerindo uma tendência no sentido de que - quanto maior a diferença entre o valor referencia e o contratado na licitação, menor o tempo de execução do contrato, pois, parte das contratações muito abaixo do preço de mercado, geraram contratos com pequena vida útil e com muitas infrações. As análises dos dados apontam para a necessidade de se relativizar a adoção da modalidade licitatória Pregão, repensando-se a sua indicação para serviços continuados
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Wangenheim, Jonas von. "Essays in Information Economics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19349.
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Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei unabhängigen Artikeln in dem Forschungsfeld der Informationsökonomik. Ein wiederkehrendes Motiv in allen drei Artikeln ist die ambivalente Rolle von privater Information. In Kontrast zur klassischen Entscheidungstheorie, in der mehr Informationen Individuen niemals schlechter stellt, analysiere ich drei verschiedene Umgebungen, in denen mehr Konsumenteninformation die Konsumentenrente verringern kann.This dissertation comprises three independent chapters in the field of information economics. The recurrent theme of all three chapters is the ambiguous role of information: While in standard decision theory additional information enables individuals to weakly increase utility through making better choices, I analyze three di erent environments in which more information to consumers may actually be detrimental to consumer utility.
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Lehnert, Filip. "Investiční prostředí ve virtuální real cash ekonomice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234821.
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The subject of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the issue of possible financial investment in the virtual economy with real funds and design strategies to maximize the initial capital appreciation. The introduction describes the analysis of virtual PED currency, the economy and the system of publicly traded shares. The main part is focused on presenting the results of practical traded investment based on fundamental analysis, speculation about the intrinsic value of the shares and evaluating applied strategies, including the benefits of work.
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Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.