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Journal articles on the topic 'Reverse osmosis desalination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 July 2024

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1

García, Andreina, B. Rodríguez, D. Ozturk, M. Rosales, C. Paredes, F. Cuadra, and S. Montserrat. "Desalination Performance of Antibiofouling Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2, no. 07 (July 2016): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/07.02.2016/007.

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2

Abdella, Dana L. "Reverse Osmosis Desalination." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 03 (July 1, 1994): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.195.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is a method of producing fresh water from seawater by a process similar to filtration, rather than by traditional evaporative distillation. A semipermeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through while blocking the passage of most other ions. The qualities of RO which make it attractive for naval and marine applications are its ability to operate on electric power alone, requiring no heat source; its comparatively low system weight to other methods of freshwater production at sea; and its ability to operate automatically, requiring minimal operator attention. RO's high operational reliability has contributed to its gain in popularity in recent years. RO is used for freshwater production in commercial industry and surface ship applications worldwide. The following research paper discusses RO desalination and presents RO as an alternative to conventional distillation for naval and marine use.

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3

Kurihara, Masaru. "Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040243.

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4

Magara, Y., M. Kawasaki, M. Sekino, and H. Yamamura. "Development of reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination in Japan." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0594.

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The seawater desalination facilities by reverse osmosis membranes in the world are reviewed. The largest seawater desalination facility using reverse osmosis started its operation at Chatan water purification plant in Okinawa prefectural water works. The high-efficiency seawater desalination technology which improves the recovery ratio of fresh water up to 60% developed by a manufacturing company of reverse osmosis membranes in Japan is explained. Finally the state of the art of desalination technology development using reverse osmosis membranes is discussed.

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5

Dong, Ru. "Deep-Well Seawater Desalination Technology." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.352.

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The deep-well seawater desalination technology is using deep-well water hydrostatic pressure as reverse osmosis pressure, which uses the principle of reverse osmosis desalinate seawater. Can reduce energy consumption and more economic compared with the traditional high-pressure pump reverse osmosis desalination. In this paper, the principle and the technical feasibility of the deep-well seawater desalination technology is analyzed.

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6

Dababneh, Awwad J., and M. A. Al-Nimr. "A reverse osmosis desalination unit." Desalination 153, no. 1-3 (February 2003): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(02)01145-1.

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7

Heyden, W. "Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis." Desalination 52, no. 2 (January 1985): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(85)85008-6.

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8

Lee, Tae, Anditya Rahardianto, and Yoram Cohen. "Flexible reverse osmosis (FLERO) desalination." Desalination 452 (February 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.10.022.

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9

Shen, Tianyi. "The advantages and future development trends of reverse seawater osmosis compared with other desalination methods." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 21 (December 4, 2022): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v21i.3197.

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Global freshwater resources are not evenly distributed in regions and time, and with economic development and population growth, the world's water consumption is also increasing year by year. The world is facing a crisis of insufficient freshwater resources, which will become more and more serious in the future. In order to solve this problem, various countries are vigorously developing seawater desalination technology. Seawater reverse osmosis is one of the important methods of seawater desalination. The advantages and disadvantages of the seawater reverse osmosis method were obtained by comparing it with other desalination methods. Find references to list the views of some countries on seawater reverse osmosis. Combined with the different needs of some regions and countries, this paper summarizes the corresponding progress of seawater reverse osmosis technology, analyzes the application of seawater reverse osmosis, and understands the specific technologies to be developed in the future. The future development trend and challenges of seawater reverse osmosis were predicted.

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10

Yan, Duanwu, Shuo Wang, and Hui Zhang. "Analysis of Research Hotspots in the Field of Reverse Osmosis Desalination." E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340603012.

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Reverse osmosis technology in the field of seawater desalination has become a hot topic in recent years. In this study, 2,507 literatures in WOS database from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed using Citespace visualization technology. It is found that the number of literatures published and their citation frequency on reverse osmosis desalination are on the rise globally. At present, research hotspots mainly focus on forward osmosis, interfacial polymerization, draw solution, reverse osmosis, brine discharge and boron removal. Future research hotspots will focus more on ammonia carbon dioxide, layer, draw solution and economic analysis. Through bibliometric analysis method, this study provides a quantitative review of relevant literature for the development of reverse osmosis desalination field, and has an in-depth understanding of the development and evolution of this field.

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11

Li, Simeng, Karla Duran, Saied Delagah, Joe Mouawad, Xudong Jia, and Mohamadali Sharbatmaleki. "Energy efficiency of staged reverse osmosis (RO) and closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) desalination: a model-based comparison." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (September 3, 2020): 3096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.208.

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Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies have been widely implemented around the world to address the rising severity of freshwater scarcity. As desalination capacity increases, reducing the energy consumption of the RO process per permeate volume (i.e., specific energy consumption) is of particular importance. In this study, numerical models are used to characterize and compare the energy efficiency of one-stage continuous RO, multi-stage continuous RO, and closed-circuit RO (CCRO) processes. The simulated results across a broad range of feed salinity (5,000–50,000 ppm, i.e., 5–50 g kg−1) and recovery (40%–95%) demonstrate that, compared with the most common one-stage continuous RO, two-stage and three-stage continuous RO can reduce the specific energy consumption by up to 40.9% and 53.6%, respectively, while one-stage and two-stage CCRO can lead to 45.0% and 67.5% reduction, respectively. The differences in energy efficiencies of various RO configurations are more salient when desalinating high-salinity feed at a high recovery ratio. From the standpoints of energy saving and capital cost, the simulated results indicate that multi-stage CCRO is an optimal desalination process with great potential for practical implementation.

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12

Altaee, Ali, Guillermo Zaragoza, and H. Rost van Tonningen. "Comparison between Forward Osmosis-Reverse Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis processes for seawater desalination." Desalination 336 (March 2014): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.01.002.

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13

Sivamani, Selvaraju. "FLOW ENERGY ANALYSIS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT IN SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT WITH ENERGY RECOVERY DEVICE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15851.

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The demand of water is increasing day by day because of population explosion and rapid urbanisation. In this regard, desalination is one of the prominent technologies for providing potable water from saline aqueous media. Among available methods of desalination, seawater reverse osmosis is commercially viable and practiced in many countries of the world. But high energy use is one of the drawbacks of reverse osmosis process. Hence, this study aimed to analyse flow energy of reverse osmosis unit in seawater desalination plant with energy recovery device. A conventional material and energy balances is applied for the analysis. From the analysis, zero loss is observed in recirculation pump and significant loss of 66.65 kJ/s is estimated in energy recovery device. It could be concluded that energy recovery device is a suitable option to reduce the energy use in reverse osmosis unit.

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14

Salahudeen, Nurudeen. "Process simulation of modelled reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.127.

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Abstract Model equations for prediction of process parameters of reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater were developed via mathematical derivation from basic equations for the reverse osmosis process. A model equation relating the interfacial solute concentration () with the process pressure difference () was developed. Taking the of reverse osmosis as the basic independent variable, further model equations relating other process parameters such as the solute concentration polarity , water flux , osmotic pressure , water output rate (q), power density (Pd) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were developed. Simulation of hypothetical reverse osmosis data using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and Microsoft Windows 10 on a 64-bit operating system was carried out. Simulation results showed that the optimum fluid bulk concentration was = 0.0004 mole/cm3. The optimum rate of increase in the solute rejection factor per unit rise in ΔP was 0.45%. The optimum solute rejection factor was 97.6%. The optimum water output rate, specific energy consumption and power density were 103.2 L/h, 3.65 kWh/m3 and 6.09 W/m2, respectively.

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15

Castro, Michael, Myron Alcanzare, Eugene Esparcia, and Joey Ocon. "A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Different Desalination Technologies in Off-Grid Islands." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092261.

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Freshwater in off-grid islands is sourced from rain, groundwater, or mainland imports, which are unreliable, limited, and expensive, respectively. Sustainable freshwater generation from desalination of abundant seawater is another alternative worth exploring. Model-based techno-economic simulations have focused on reverse osmosis desalination due to its low energy consumption and decreasing costs. However, reverse osmosis requires frequent and costly membrane replacement. Other desalination technologies have advantages such as less stringent feedwater requirements, but detailed studies are yet to be done. In this work, a techno-economic comparison of multi-effect distillation, multi-stage flash, mechanical vapor compression, and reverse osmosis coupled with solar photovoltaic-lithium ion-diesel hybrid system was performed by comparing power flows to study the interaction between energy and desalination components. Optimization with projected costs were then performed to investigate future trends. Lastly, we used stochastic generation and demand profiles to infer uncertainties in energy and desalination unit sizing. Reverse osmosis is favorable due to low energy and water costs, as well as possible compatibility with renewable energy systems. Multi-effect distillation and multi-stage flash may also be advantageous for low-risk applications due to system robustness.

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16

Alsairafi, A. A., and M. H. Al-Shehaima. "Wind Driven Reverse Osmosis Desalination for Concrete Factory Application in Kuwait." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 2 (2015): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.269.

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17

Pacenti, Paolo, Mario de Gerloni, Mario Reali, David Chiaramonti, Sven O. Gärtner, Peter Helm, and Michael Stöhr. "Submarine seawater reverse osmosis desalination system." Desalination 126, no. 1-3 (November 1999): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(99)00177-0.

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18

Chong, Tzyy Haur, Siew-Leng Loo, and William B. Krantz. "Energy-efficient reverse osmosis desalination process." Journal of Membrane Science 473 (January 2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.005.

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19

Jawad, M. A. "Future for desalination by reverse osmosis." Desalination 72, no. 1-2 (April 1989): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)80025-6.

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20

Fraidenraich, Naum, Olga C. Vilela, Gilmário A. Lima, and Jeffrey M. Gordon. "Reverse osmosis desalination: Modeling and experiment." Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 12 (March 23, 2009): 124102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3109795.

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21

Banks, W., and A. Sharples. "Studies on desalination by reverse osmosis." Journal of Applied Chemistry 16, no. 1 (May 4, 2007): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010160110.

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22

Kadhim, Roaa Ahmed, Basim Hussein Khudhair, and Mahdi Shanshal Jaafar. "Comparative Study of Water Desalination using Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electro-dialysis Systems (ED): Review." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.04.04.

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The increasing drinking water demand in many countries leads to an increase in the use of desalination plants, which are considered a great solution for water treatment processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electro-dialysis (ED) systems are the most popular membrane processes used to desalinate water at high salinity. Both systems work by separating the ionic contaminates and disposing of them as a brine solution, but ED uses electrical current as a driving force while RO uses osmotic pressure. A direct comparison of reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems is needed to highlight process development similarities and variances. This work aims to provide an overview of previous studies on reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems related to membrane module and design processes; energy consumption; cost analysis; operational problems; efficiency of saline removal; and environmental impacts of brine disposal. RO system uses osmotic pressure as a driving force to force water through the membrane with less energy than other desalination systems. The enhancements in membrane materials and power recovery of the unit have massively decreased the price of RO units. ED system uses an electrical current to push dissolved ions across ion exchange membranes. The results of this review showed that desalination plants must be integrated with renewable energy to reduce power consumption and costs related to energy. Various technologies, including treatment processes and disposal methods, must be used to control concentrated solutions resulting from desalination processes because 5 to 33% of the total cost of the desalination process is associated with brine disposal.

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23

Wang, Zhuo, Yanjie Zhang, Tao Wang, Bo Zhang, and Hongwen Ma. "Design and Energy Consumption Analysis of Small Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Equipment." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082275.

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The reverse osmosis method has developed extremely rapidly in recent years and has become the most competitive seawater desalination technology in the world, and it has been widely used in all aspects. Large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plants cannot provide fresh water resources in areas with insufficient water resources and limited space. Therefore, this paper proposes a research plan for a small seawater desalination device based on reverse osmosis, which is mainly suitable for handling emergencies, disaster relief, desert areas and outdoor activities and other needs for timely freshwater resources. It mainly includes pretreatment modules, a reaction infiltration module, a post-processing module and an energy supply module. Detailed design calculations are carried out for the small-scale reverse osmosis membrane system, including the selection and quantity and arrangement of membranes. Subsequently, the one-stage two-stage small-scale reverse osmosis membrane system was modeled, and its energy consumption was analyzed theoretically from the perspectives of specific energy consumption and energy utilization efficiency; the main influencing factors were clarified, and the optimal recovery rate for system operation was determined to be 20%–30%. Finally, an experimental prototype was built to conduct relevant experiments to determine the influence trend of pressure, temperature, concentration, and flow rate on the operating performance of the reverse osmosis system.

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24

Sun, Xiao Ming, Qi Qiao, and Jing Yang Liu. "Screening of Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Condensates." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2259.

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Four types of reverse osmosis membranes (LP, ULP, XLP and FR) were used for the treatment and reuse of the pharmaceutical condensates. The desalination rate and removal of TOC with pH 6.8 is significantly higher than pH 3.2 for all of the four membranes. When the pH is 6.8 the FR reverse osmosis membrane has the highest desalination rate, removal of TOC, permeate flux and the lowest transmembrane pressure, and it is energy conservation and not easy to be contaminated. So the FR reverse osmosis membrane is Suitable for the treatment of pharmaceutical condensate.

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25

Tu, Qingsong, Tiange Li, Ao Deng, Kevin Zhu, Yifei Liu, and Shaofan Li. "A scale-up nanoporous membrane centrifuge for reverse osmosis desalination without fouling." TECHNOLOGY 06, no. 01 (March 2018): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547818500024.

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A scale-up nanoporous membrane centrifuge is designed and modeled. It can be used for nanoscale scale separation including reverse osmosis desalination. There are micron-size pores on the wall of the centrifuge and nanoscale pores on local graphene membrane patches that cover the micron-size pores. In this work, we derived the critical angular velocity required to counter-balance osmosis force, so that the reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination process can proceed. To validate this result, we conducted a large scale (four million atoms) full atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the critical angular velocity required for reverse osmosis at nanoscale. It is shown that the analytical results derived based on fluid mechanics and the simulation results observed in MD simulation are consistent and well matched. The main advantage of such nanomaterial based centrifuge is its intrinsic anti-fouling ability to clear [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions accumulated at the vicinity of the pores due to the Coriolis effect. Analyses have been conducted to study the relation between osmotic pressure, centrifugal pressure, and water permeability.

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26

Parra, Abdon, Mario Noriega, Lidia Yokoyama, and Miguel Bagajewicz. "Does Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Help Reverse Osmosis in Desalination?" Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 11 (March 15, 2021): 4366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04382.

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27

Almatrafi, Eydhah. "Design and performance analysis of thermal assisted reverse osmosis (RO)." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 19 (2024): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctad128.

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Abstract Today, the world is facing difficult challenges related to water scarcity and freshwater resources. Water desalination has become necessary to meet this great demand. The reverse osmosis desalination system is considered the dominant type of desalination, although the high amount of energy consumed is considered the main barrier to expanding seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The need for producing an environmentally friendly energy source is also one of the most important challenges in preserving the environment and reducing global warming. The coexistence of power plants that release waste heat energy through the condenser and reverse osmosis plant represents an opportunity for a synergy system. Therefore, research has shown that the low/ultralow grade heat from natural sources or industrial processes can assist the process of desalination. This paper reviews available process configurations, system design, and operating parameters, and discusses the performance of the RO process at high temperatures.

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Mohammed, Hiba A., Dawood E. Sachit, and Mustafa Al-Furaiji. "APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF THE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE PROCESS: A REVIEW." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.6.

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Reverse osmosis is one of the most prevalent methods of generating potable water owing to its low power usage, excellent rates of contaminant removal, simple design, large output capacity, and much cheaper initial and maintenance costs than comparable alternatives. In this review, the most important published research related to the reverse osmosis process was reviewed. It was found that the majority of reported studies were related to using the reverse osmosis process for water desalination and wastewater treatment. Research has proven that the reverse osmosis process is a very effective method for desalinating water and treating industrial effluent containing heavy metals, organics, and other pollutants. Fouling was found to be one of the greatest obstacles encountered by the reverse osmosis method in water treatment, which raises operating costs due to the need for frequent cleaning, reduces the membrane's lifespan, and reduces the permeate flux. In general, microfiltration/ultrafiltration pretreatment and backwashing were among the most effective strategies suggested by researchers to reduce fouling and ensure the longevity and proper operation of the system.

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29

Evenden, A. R. "Sea water reverse osmosis - energy efficiency & recovery." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.023.

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The Adelaide desalination plant, located in South Australia, was designed and built by the AdelaideAqua construction consortium for the South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), a wholly owned public utility. Construction commenced in 2009 at a green field site (Port Stanvac) south of Adelaide, with drinking water production from October 2011 and full production capability and handover to the plant operator on 12 December 2012. The facility uses 100% renewable energy and provides the people of South Australia with one of the most energy efficient sea water desalination plants in the World. This paper examines the performance of the Adelaide desalination plant in terms of energy efficiency. Specific energy saving technologies and innovations are described, including assessment of design and actual performance. The Adelaide desalination plant has achieved 8% lower energy consumption compared to the project's initial design requirements and the specific energy consumption of 3.48 kWh/m3 compares well with industry benchmark efficiencies.

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30

Mehta, Dhruv, Lovleen Gupta, and Rijul Dhingra. "Forward Osmosis in India: Status and Comparison with Other Desalination Technologies." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 29, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/175464.

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With an increase in demand of freshwater and depleting water sources, it is imperative to switch to seawater as a regular source of water supply. However, due to the high total dissolved solid content, it has to be desalinated to make it drinkable. While desalination technologies have been used for many years, mass deployment of such technologies poses a number of challenges like high energy requirements as well as high negative environmental impact through side products and CO2 emissions. The purpose of this paper is to present a sustainable technology for desalination. Forward osmosis, an emerging technology, is compared with the other commonly used technologies worldwide, namely, multieffect distillation, multistage flash distillation, and reverse osmosis as well as other emerging technologies like vapour compression, solar humidification dehumidification, nanofiltration, and freezing desalination. As energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions are one of the major concerns of desalination, this paper concludes that forward osmosis is an emerging sustainable technology for seawater desalination. This paper then presents the challenges involved in the application of forward osmosis in India and presents a plant setup. In the end, the cost comparison of a forward osmosis and reverse osmosis plant has been done and it was concluded that forward osmosis is economically better as well.

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Bacha, Habib Ben, Abdelkader Saad Abdullah, Mutabe Aljaghtham, Reda S. Salama, Mohamed Abdelgaied, and Abd Elnaby Kabeel. "Thermo-Economic Assessment of Photovoltaic/Thermal Pan-Els-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination Unit Combined with Preheating Using Geothermal Energy." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083408.

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Recently, the reverse osmosis (RO) process is widely used in the field of desalinating brackish water and seawater to produce freshwater, but the disadvantage of using this technology is the increase in the rates of electrical energy consumption necessary to manage these units. To reduce the rates of electrical energy consumption in RO desalination plants, geothermal energy and photovoltaic/thermal panels were used as preheating units to heat the feed water before entering RO desalination plants. The proposed system in this study consists of an RO desalination plant with an energy recovery device, photovoltaic/thermal panels, and a geothermal energy extraction unit. To evaluate the system performance, three incorporated models were studied and validated by previous experimental data. The results indicated that incorporating the geothermal energy and photovoltaic/thermal panels with the RO desalination plants has positive effects in terms of increasing productivity and reducing the rates of specific power consumption in RO desalination plants. The average saving in the specific power consumption for utilizing the thermal recovery system of PV panels and geothermal energy as preheating units reached 29.1% and 40.75% for the treatment of seawater and brackish water, respectively. Additionally, the economic feasibility showed the saving in the cost of freshwater produced from the RO desalination plants for incorporating both geothermal energy and photovoltaic panels with a thermal recovery system with reverse osmosis desalination plants of up to 39.6%.

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32

Remlaoui, Ahmed, and Hammou Soumia, Bent Abdelkader Nafissa . "Modeling solar desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) powered by concentrating solar power (CSP) plan." International Journal of Energetica 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v4i2.104.

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This article deals with the desalination of seawater and brackish water, which can deal with the problem of water scarcity that threatens certain countries in the world; it is now possible to meet the demand for drinking water. Currently, among the various desalination processes, the reverse osmosis technique is the most used. Electrical energy consumption is the most attractive factor in the cost of operating seawater by reverse osmosis in desalination plants. Desalination of water by solar energy can be considered as a very important drinking water alternative. For determining the electrical energy consumption of a single reverse osmosis module, we used the System Advisor Model (SAM) to determine the technical characteristics and costs of a parabolic cylindrical installation and Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) to obtain the electrical power of a single reverse osmosis module. The electrical power of a single module is 4101 KW; this is consistent with the manufacturer's data that this power must be between 3900 kW and 4300 KW. Thus, the energy consumption of the system is 4.92 KWh/m3.Thermal power produced by the solar cylindro-parabolic field during the month of May has the maximum that is 208MWth, and the minimum value during the month of April, which equals 6 MWth. Electrical power produced by the plant varied between 47MWe, and 23.8MWe. The maximum energy was generated during the month of July (1900 MWh) with the maximum energy stored (118 MWh).

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33

Kumargaurao, D. Punase. "A Comparative Analysis of Major Desalination Processes." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 2 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.2.19168.

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The desalination process is used to reduce the salinity of water to meet the water demand in water-scarce regions. There are several methods available for water desalination, each with merits and demerits in terms of raw water treatment, process operations, and water quality management. In the present analysis, a systematic review of various desalination processes is presented based on technical, economic, and environmental analyses. Thermal and Reverse Osmosis (RO) processes are widely studied in the literature and used for Sea Water (SW) desalination on a larger scale to produce drinking water. The technical and economic criteria are used to show that Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) technology is better when compared to other desalination technologies.

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34

Yang, Ying, Longfei Li, and Xingchuang Qu. "Simulation on stirling reverse osmosis desalination power system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2756, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2756/1/012035.

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Abstract In this article, a new power system based on the Stirling engine and hydraulic free piston engine is proposed to provide power for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. First, the design of the Stirling free piston RO desalination power system was carried out, and the size parameters of the main structures such as the regenerator, heater, cooler, power piston, and valve distribution piston were obtained. A physical model was established to simulate the process of the Stirling engine driving the RO desalination power system based on finite element CFD. The flow field distribution cloud map and output power of the Stirling engine were analyzed. The results indicate that the gas motion of the Stirling engine is stable, and the entire power system can operate normally.

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Park, Jongkwan, and Sungyun Lee. "Desalination Technology in South Korea: A Comprehensive Review of Technology Trends and Future Outlook." Membranes 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020204.

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Due to advances in desalination technology, desalination has been considered as a practical method to meet the increasing global fresh water demand. This paper explores the status of the desalination industry and research work in South Korea. Desalination plant designs, statistics, and the roadmap for desalination research were analyzed. To reduce energy consumption in desalination, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has been intensively investigated. Recently, alternative desalination technologies, including forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, renewable-energy-powered desalination, and desalination batteries have also been actively studied. Related major consortium-based desalination research projects and their pilot plants suggest insights into lowering the energy consumption of desalination and mitigation of the environmental impact of SWRO brine as well. Finally, considerations concerning further development are suggested based on the current status of desalination technology in South Korea.

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Garipov, I., A. Yuldashev, O. Gapurova, M. Abdukhakimov, R. Khaydarov, and I. Sadikov. "NEW IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING ANTISCALANT FOR MEMBRANE DESALINATION SYSTEM." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 3, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2020-6-12.

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The paper deals with a new import-substituting antiscalant to protect reverse osmosis membranes of water desalination systems in Uzbekistan. The studies show that during the purification of natural brackish waters typical for Uzbekistan, the reverse osmosis membrane is contaminated by mineral salts and colloidal particles, which leads to the reduction of the membrane capacity and service life of expensive reverse osmosis water treatment systems. The developed import-substituting antiscalant has proved to prevent the sedimentation process on membranes, and to have technical specifications almost identical to its more expensive foreign analogues. Since 2020 water desalination systems using the new antiscalant have been widely used in Uzbekistan to provide the population of the Republic with high-quality drinking water.

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Leon, Federico, and Alejandro Ramos. "An Assessment of Renewable Energies in a Seawater Desalination Plant with Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110883.

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The purpose of our study was to reduce the carbon footprint of seawater desalination plants that use reverse osmosis membranes by introducing on-site renewable energy sources. By using new-generation membranes with a low energy consumption and considering wind and photovoltaic energy sources, it is possible to greatly reduce the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis plants. The objective of this study was to add a renewable energy supply to a desalination plant that uses reverse osmosis technology. During the development of this research study, photovoltaic energy was discarded as a possible source of renewable energy due to the wind conditions in the area in which the reverse osmosis plant was located; hence, the installation of a wind turbine was considered to be the best option. As it was a large-capacity reverse osmosis plant, we decided to divide the entire desalination process into several stages for explanation purposes. The desalination process of the facility consists of several phases: First, the seawater capture process was performed by the intake tower. This water was then transported and stored, before going through a physical and chemical pre-treatment process, whereby the highest possible percentage of impurities and organic material was eliminated in order to prevent the plugging of the reverse osmosis modules. After carrying out the appraisals and calculating the amount of energy that the plant consumed, we determined that 15% of the plant’s energy supply should be renewable, corresponding to 1194 MWh/year. As there was already a wind power installation in the area, we decided to use one of the wind turbines that had already been installed—specifically, an Ecotecnia turbine (20–150) that produced an energy of 1920 MWh /year. This meant that only a single wind turbine was required for this project.

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Kurihara, Masaru. "Current Status and Future Trend of Dominant Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110906.

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Since 2000, seawater reverse osmosis method has been a dominant desalination technology against the distillation method in the global market. The large project called “Mega-SWRO” (half mega-ton per day and larger) plant in the Middle East is quite popular making full use of the combination with solar energy. Today, the price of desalinated water is affordable at as low as $0.28/m3 to $0.53/m3. Likewise, dominant commercial reverse osmosis membrane is a cross-linked fully aromatic polyamide composite membrane-spiral wound element including FT-30 (DuPont Water Solution) and UTC-80 (Toray Industries., Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan). The said membranes are much superior in terms of performance compared to the cellulose triacetate membranes-hollow fiber for variety of applications including seawater desalinations, brackish water desalination, wastewater reuse, ultra-pure production for semiconductor, home-use water purifier, etc. SWCC of Saudi Arabia has announced that it intends to shift from cellulose triacetate hollow fiber to spiral wound RO membranes at all of its plants. Furthermore, the state-sponsored R&D on membrane and membrane process has been put into practice in major countries, including Japan and Korea, which contributed to the progress of membrane science and membrane process, suitable for spiral-wound polyamide membranes. SWCC has announced their plans for SWRO, mainly focusing on brine mining to obtain precious materials from the brine of SWRO. New and innovative brine-mining technology has been introduced for green desalination.

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Wild, P. M., G. W. Vickers, and N. Djilali. "The fundamental principles and design considerations for the implementation of centrifugal reverse osmosis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 211, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954408971529566.

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The paper describes the fundamental principles of a new desalination technology, centrifugal reverse osmosis (CRO), which offers significant benefits relative to the leading existing desalination technology, conventional reverse osmosis. Relations are developed that quantify the primary benefit of the process, reduced energy consumption, and it is shown that the energy efficiency of the process increases with system capacity. Other benefits are discussed, including lower membrane costs and enhanced reliability. The key technical obstacles to the practical implementation of centrifugal reverse osmosis are identified as well as novel and patented design features which overcome these obstacles. A prototype which incorporates these features has been designed, built and tested aboard the Canadian Forces vessel, the St Anthony.

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Wang, Juan, Si Yu Lai, and Yang He. "Research on Reverse Osmosis Membrane Materials for Seawater Desalination." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.100.

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97.5% of the water on Earth is salty, around one percent of that is brackish groundwater, and fresh water is becoming more and more precious. Mature desalination technologies as reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash, multi-effect distillation as well as electrodialysis are introduced in this paper. Of these, such reverse osmosis membranes as cellulose acetate membrane, polyamide membrane and nanomaterials enhanced membrane are discussed. In addition, several seawater desalination processes are presented, and the working manners of three other novel desalination technologies are illustrated. After all, none of the new technologies seem simple and cheap enough to offer much benefit to people, and the appropriate method should be chose according to different nations.

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Wilf, Mark. "The Economics of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Projects." Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology 5, no. 2 (July 26, 2016): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2016.05.02.5.

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Darwish, M. A. "Fuel cell operated reverse osmosis desalination system." Desalination and Water Treatment 23, no. 1-3 (November 2010): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1857.

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Nagai, Masahiko. "Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination System without Pretreatment." membrane 25, no. 1 (2000): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.25.45.

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Wasfy, K. I. "BRACKISH WATER DESALINATION USING REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 34, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 1783–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2017.96124.

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Poullikkas, Andreas. "Optimization algorithm for reverse osmosis desalination economics." Desalination 133, no. 1 (February 2001): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00084-4.

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Abou Rayan, M., and I. Khaled. "Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (case study)." Desalination 153, no. 1-3 (February 2003): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(02)01143-8.

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Ebrahim, S., and M. Abdel-Jawad. "Economics of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis." Desalination 99, no. 1 (November 1994): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00118-9.

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Li, Dan, and Huanting Wang. "Recent developments in reverse osmosis desalination membranes." Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, no. 22 (2010): 4551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b924553g.

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Hchaichi, Houda, Saanoun Siwar, Hamza Elfil, and Ahmed Hannachi. "Scaling predictions in seawater reverse osmosis desalination." Membrane Water Treatment 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2014): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2014.5.3.221.

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Muñoz, F., and L. A. Becerril. "Low-capacity Reverse Osmosis Solar Desalination Plant." Energy Procedia 57 (2014): 2787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.311.

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