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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reverse osmosis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hassinger, Elaine. "Reverse Osmosis Units." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156939.

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1 pp.<br>Reverse osmosis (RO) is an excellent way to remove certain unwanted contaminants, such as lead and nitrates, from your drinking water. This article discusses how reverse osmosis works, and both the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
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Arnaud, Damien. "Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Arnaud, Damien (2015) Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29838/.

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Membrane biofouling is a major concern in water treatment processes as it can significantly reduce the system’s efficiency. Biofouling is mainly caused by microorganisms, and is difficult to control or avoid. It leads to higher operating pressure which strains the membrane, shortens the membrane life, and increases maintenance costs. Multiple literature reviews suggest that the main contributors to membrane biofouling are polysaccharides. This is why in this project two model polysaccharides (alginate and xanthan) were used to study their individual fouling effects on reverse osmosis effic
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3

Zaghy, Amar. "Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes." Thesis, Zaghy, Amar (2016) Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33970/.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove salt and other particles from drinking water. It is the dominant technology which has overtaken many conventional systems in recent years. Membrane biofouling is the main disadvantage of using RO technology which can result in reducing the system’s efficiency. The rejected microorganisms on the surface of the membrane form a fouling layer (biofouling) which leads to a decline in permeate flux, increase of hydraulic resistance, increase in operating pressure, and shortening of the membrane life
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4

Maskan, Fazilet Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Optimization of reverse osmosis membrane networks." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18790.

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The optimization of a reverse osmosis (RO) system includes optimization of the design of the individual membrane modules, the system structure and the operating conditions of the system. Most previous studies considered either the optimal design of individual modules only or optimization of system structure and operating conditions for fixed module dimensions. This thesis developed a method to simultaneously optimize the module dimensions, system structure and operating conditions. The method comprised rules for generating a general superstructure for an RO system given the number of modules a
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5

Cohen, Ruben David. "Colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15308.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.<br>Bibliography: leaves 128-133.<br>by Ruben David Cohen.<br>Ph.D.
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6

Ding, Minxia. "Molecular simulations of reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S058/document.

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L'osmose inverse (OI) est actuellement le procédé le plus utilisé mondialement pour le dessalement des eaux saumâtres et de l’eau de mer. Cette thèse s'est intéressée à la simulation moléculaire de membranes d'OI afin d'améliorer la compréhension des propriétés structurales, dynamiques et de transport de l'eau et d'ions à l'intérieur de ces matériaux. La membrane d'OI étudiée dans ce travail est une membrane de polyamide aromatique, matériau le plus utilisé actuellement en OI. Dans la première partie de ce travail, une méthodologie a été développée pour construire un modèle atomique en trois d
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Al-Jeshi, Subhi. "The effect of reverse osmosis membrane microscopic structure on its performance and reverse osmosis performance in oily water." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/348.

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8

Xie, Zhangwang. "Polysaccharide fouling in reverse osmosis and forward osmosis desalination and its alleviation." Thesis, Xie, Zhangwang (2015) Polysaccharide fouling in reverse osmosis and forward osmosis desalination and its alleviation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/31172/.

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Membrane separation processes, including forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO), for application in water desalination are plagued by membrane fouling. In particular, membrane biofouling is unpredictable in its nature and affected by numerous factors. One of the major contributors to biofouling is the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by bacteria, especially the polysaccharides that form a large part of EPS. The objectives of this study are to understand the polysaccharide fouling mechanisms based on a comparison of polysaccharide fouling in FO and RO and to find sui
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9

Nurlaila, Gita G. "Development of reverse osmosis low-pressure membranes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4342.

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Thin film composite (TFC) membranes were developed for reverse osmosis (RO) under low pressure. Three commercial membranes, i.e. one type of polyvinylidene fluoride, namely AP-10, and two types of polyethersulfone, namely HW-18 and E-500, were used as substrate membranes. Sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide), known as SPPO, was used as the ultrathin barrier layer of the composite membranes. The performances of the three substrate membranes were compared. The pore size and the pore size distribution of the substrate membranes were studied. Then the RO performances of the substrate m
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10

Siddiqui, Farrukh Arsalan. "Membrane filtration : fouling and cleaning in forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration membranes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcaadfaa-62fb-4910-8218-bff387a19a11.

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A comparison of fouling in osmotically driven processes with that in pressure driven processes is the main focus of the thesis. Forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) have received considerable attention for water treatment and seawater desalination. This research compared the nature of fouling in FO mode with that in RO starting with the same initial flux in connection with cleaning effects and then comparing to those in ultrafiltration membranes. In all cases, with cleaning as an integral part, the extent of fouling reversibility, and the question whether a critical flux could be dete
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MendonÃa, Doglasse Ernesto. "Osmosis reverse plant powered by photovoltaic modules with MPPT and self regulated pressure valve." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16455.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>This project presents a brackish water desalination plant via Reverse Osmosis (RO) powered by Photovoltaic Modules (PV) with Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) and a self â regulating pressure valve. The developed unit is installed on Alternative Energy Laboratory (LEA), which is located on the campus of PICI at Federal University of CearÃ. To extract maximum power from the PV module a Buck type converter was developed for this application. The Incremental Conductance algorithms (IncCond) is used. The MPPT technique was simulated, tes
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12

Fang, Yi. "Fractionation of organic liquid mixtures by reverse osmosis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5890.

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A systematic investigation has been conducted to demonstrate the general applicability of reverse osmosis (RO) fractionation of organic liquid mixtures by laboratory prepared cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and aromatic polyamide (PA) membranes. Surface excess values have been determined by liquid chromatography (LC) technique for the four model organic liquid mixtures for CAB and PA materials. The principal findings of this study are: (i) separations take place in all the four model organic liquid mixtures, and PA membranes given separations higher than CAB membranes under same experimental
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13

Bouma, Andrew Thomas. "Split-feed counterflow reverse osmosis for brine concentration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118668.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-77).<br>Brine concentration is a useful operation that allows for increased recovery ratios in water treatment systems, reduction of waste volumes, and the production of minerals from saline brines. As our world moves towards a more sustainable
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14

Kovacs, Jason Richard. "Engineering nanostructured selective layers for reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98709.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 122-142).<br>A major challenge to communities across the world in the next century will be ensuring millions have access to adequate freshwater resources. Studies from the UN World Health Organization indicate that over 1.1 billion people currently lack access to reliable and secure freshwater supplies, with an estimated 2.5 million deaths per year from diseases associated with poor access and sanitation in 2007.
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15

Detrich, Kahlil. "Electroding Methods for in situ Reverse Osmosis Sensors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31207.

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The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate electroding methods for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane that results in an in situ sensor able to detect RO membrane protein fouling. Four electroding techniques were explored: i) gold exchange-reduction, ii) encapsulated carbon grease, iii) â direct assembly processâ (DAP), and iv) platinized polymer graft. The novel platinized polymer graft method involves chemically modifying the RO membrane surface to facilitate platinization based on the hypothesis that deposition of foulant on the platinized surface will affect platinum/foulant/sol
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16

Al, Shaalan Hakem. "Artifical neural network modelling of reverse osmosis process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9516.

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With the increase in population and the scarcity of fresh water in the Middle East desalination has taken an important role in the provision of water for everyday use and for industrial purposes. Reverse osmosis water treatment process is of particular interest as it is one of the key processes in a desalination plant. The modelling of this process and the prediction of permeate flow is useful in better understanding the process. In the present study, an artificial neural network based model was developed based on plant data for the prediction of permeate flow performance. Plant data was colle
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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (1989) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40085/.

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Many Aboriginal Outstations in Western Australia have bores which produce drinking water of such a low standard that the health of the community members is at risk. Major concerns are the high concentrations of sale, nitrates and fluoride and bacteriological contamination. Communities faced with this problem have four choices. They can sink another bore nearby in the hope of finding better water, which would be expensive and not necessarily successful. They can physically move to another location which would be socially and culturally disruptive. They can accept the risk and drink the wat
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18

Susanto-Lee, Robertus. "Efficiency improvements for small-scale reverse-osmosis systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/286.

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The water supplies of some small inland communities may come in the form of river systems that offer brackish water. Not fit for immediate human consumption, the water can be further processed using reverse osmosis to be converted into drinking water.In very remote areas there are limited energy resources, and for those areas that lie beyond a municipal distribution grid, renewable energy sources may be used. A reverse osmosis system that operates from the limited power generated by a renewable energy system must do so with the utmost of efficiency. Three methods in improving the efficiency of
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Susanto-Lee, Robertus. "Efficiency improvements for small-scale reverse-osmosis systems." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16974.

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The water supplies of some small inland communities may come in the form of river systems that offer brackish water. Not fit for immediate human consumption, the water can be further processed using reverse osmosis to be converted into drinking water.In very remote areas there are limited energy resources, and for those areas that lie beyond a municipal distribution grid, renewable energy sources may be used. A reverse osmosis system that operates from the limited power generated by a renewable energy system must do so with the utmost of efficiency. Three methods in improving the efficiency of
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20

Robinson, Michael Anthony. "Removal of organic contaminants from groundwater by reverse osmosis /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03142009-040729/.

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21

Hoffman, Anton Michael. "Design guidelines for a reverse osmosis desalination plant / Anton Michael Hoffman." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4211.

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There are two basic needs globally and that is the control and supply of reliable electricity and clean water. However, one of the biggest challenges the world is facing today is the lack of fresh water resources. Lower rainfall, together with population and industry growth, are only a few factors contributing to the fast increasing strain on existing water supplies around the world. This fast increasing need therefore necessitates the investigation into finding alternative sources. One such option is that of desalination. In the last 50 years desalination technologies have been applied to pro
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Massons, Gassol Gerard. "Biofouling control in reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461092.

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L’osmosi inversa (OI) és una de les tecnologies de purificació d'aigua més competitives. Els sistemes d'OI han evolucionat significativament en els últims anys per a proporcionar solucions reals i sostenibles als problemes relacionats amb l'aigua. Un dels principals obstacles que impedeix l'expansió en l'ús d'OI en la reutilització de l'aigua, és la pèrdua de rendiment que els elements d'OI experimenten a l'operar amb aigües contaminades. Aquest fenomen de embrutament continua sent un dels majors reptes a resoldre per elements de OI utilitzats en plantes industrials o de tractament d'aigües re
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Hurd, Sarah M. "Low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane treatment of landfill leachate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0025/MQ52299.pdf.

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24

Ashhuby, Bashir Ali. "Biofouling studies on reverse osmosis desalination of hypersaline waters." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3599/.

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Biological fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is affected by many factors, and it is not clearly understood, especially with respect to hypersaline waters. Biofouling minimisation requires understanding of the fundamentals of the biofilm development. It is also necessary to monitor biofilm development at various stages and its relation to concentration polarisation phenomena. The two main goals were to explore the biological diversity of a hypersaline lake called "Qabar-Onn"t located in the Sahara; and to better understand what biotic and abiotic factors govem biofouling of RO membranes
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Robinson, Michael A. "Removal of organic contaminants from groundwater by reverse osmosis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41621.

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The performance of a poly(ether/urea) membrane has been evaluated in a full scale reverse osmosis system. A series of experiments were conducted with six aromatic compounds - anthracene, pyrene, fluorene, 2-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4,6 trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol- and four volatile compounds - trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and trichloroethene - as single and multi-solute contaminants. The objectives of the experiments were to determine if poly(ether/urea) membranes could produce a permeate that met maximum contaminant levels (MCL) set by the Safe Drinking Wa
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Malherbe, Gideon Francois. "Development and application of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/908.

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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1993<br>Various experimental and established membranes were tested on industrial effluents. Ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes were used in various applications. Research was done on aspects such as the cleaning of fouled membranes, production quality control and process development. Polyvinyl alcohol ultra-thin-film reverse osmosis membranes were manufactured for the desalination of brackish water to a potable standard. The membranes were manufactured in the tubular configuration. Experimental ul
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GUPTA, VINEET K. "EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES IN REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOFILTRATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061233200.

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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (2001) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52404/.

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The need for desalination to provide drinking water of acceptable standards has been established. A review of desalination techniques suggests that solar powered reverse osmosis with energy recovery is likely to satisfy the widest range of applications in inland Australia and elsewhere. Of the energy recovery techniques, the 'flow-regulated' approach appears well suited to remote applications, because it maintains its set recovery ratio regardless of insolation levels, and starts and stops automatically at sunrise and sunset. Operating and capital costs of units needs to be minimised and opera
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Tshuma, Ivonne. "Brackish water treatment using pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) as a driving force for reverse osmosis (RO)." Thesis, Tshuma, Ivonne (2021) Brackish water treatment using pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) as a driving force for reverse osmosis (RO). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61548/.

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The desalination process removes salts and contaminants from water to make it suitable for drinking and other beneficial purposes. Although Reverse Osmosis (RO) is currently the most energy-efficient, widely used desalination technology, it still requires a great deal of energy to create the high pressure necessary to desalinate seawater. The largest operating cost is the energy consumed in overcoming osmotic pressure and membrane resistance. Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), on the other hand, utilises the salinity gradient between two solutions of different salt content to produce pressure, w
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Chong, Brian S. H. "The removal of pesticides and heavy metals by reverse osmosis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42126.

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Martínez, de Peón Carolina. "Organic micropollutants in reverse osmosis water treatments, presence and rejection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/293903.

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En la present Tesis Doctoral es descriuen els diferents tractaments d'aigua i es centra en els tractaments avançats per membranes d'osmosis. S'han creat mètodes analítics per quantificar diferents microcontaminants en mostres mediambientals aquoses i s'ha evaluat les membranes d'òsmosi inversa per a la seva eliminació. També s'estudia l'embrutament orgànic de les membranes.<br>En la presente Tesis Doctoral, se han estudiado los diferentes tratamientos del agua, poniendo énfasis a los tratamientos avanzados con membranas de ósmosis inversa. Se han desarrollado métodos analíticos apra la dete
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Miyashita, Yu. "Removal of N-nitrosamine by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14490.

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The rejections of selected N-nitrosamines by commonly used high-pressure nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were quantitatively evaluated using a bench-scale cross-flow filtration apparatus. The selected nitrosamines included N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPHA). Nitrosamine rejections were evaluated under steady state at elevated feed concentrations, since NDMA rejections were found to be
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Thomson, A. Murray. "Reverse-osmosis desalination of seawater powered by photovoltaics without batteries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10701.

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The design, construction and testing of a photovoltaic-powered reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system is presented. The system operates from seawater and requires no batteries, since the rate of production of freshwater varies throughout the day according to the available solar power. Initial testing of the system, with the modest solar resource available in the UK, provided freshwater at approximately 1.5 m³/day. Nearer to the equator and with a PV array of only 2.4 kWp, a software model of the system predicts production of over 3 m³/day throughout the year. The system employs a Clark pu
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Wardeh, Sawsan. "Numerical modelling of reverse osmosis channels: application in desalination industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490836.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used for the production of drinking water from brackish and sea water. In the RO process, pressure is used to separate water and salts by allowing water to pass through a semi permeable membrane leaving the salts behind. Therefore, controlling membrane fouling will help keep the productivity high. Having spacer filaments in the feed channel has been shown to reduce the concentration polarisation on the surfaces of the membrane and therefore fouling. This thesis focuses on the simulation of multiphase flow in spacer-filled channels using computational fluid dynami
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Weldon, Kimberly Anne. "Transport properties of ion-exchange membranes used for reverse osmosis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240386.

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Richards, Laura Ann. "The removal of inorganic contaminants using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2577.

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Improved methods of providing safe drinking water are essential in an era in which demand for water is increasing but surface water supplies remain scarce. Desalination of brackish groundwater via membrane filtration with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (NF/RO) offers a solution to this problem. As such, the overall motivation of this study was to improve mechanistic understanding of NF/RO. The first main aim was to evaluate the performance of a renewable energy membrane system previously tested with real groundwater and varying energy conditions. Given sufficient solar availability, the sy
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Powell, Lydia Charlotte. "The biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes : from characterisation to control." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42695.

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Membrane technology can be utilised for the high purification and desalination of water. However membrane filtration processes are commonly impeded by membrane fouling, which can lead to flux decline and an overall reduction in separation efficiency within the process. Therefore the aim of this research study was a comprehensive investigation of the issue of biofouling on industrial RO membranes through molecular biology techniques, characterisation of surface charge of foulant bacteria and RO membrane surface and AFM imaging and force measurements on clean and fouled membranes for the determi
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Hausman, Richard. "Development of Low-Biofouling Polypropylene Feed Spacers for Reverse Osmosis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1320891800.

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39

Robinson, Roderick Q. "Desalination of groundwater using reverse osmosis coupled to a windmill." Thesis, Robinson, Roderick Q. (1990) Desalination of groundwater using reverse osmosis coupled to a windmill. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1990. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52405/.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) has the potential to fulfill the requirements of reliability, small size and low energy input suitable for remote area drinking water desalination by linking this technology to a standard multi-vane windmill pump. The research contained in this Masters thesis covers the design, construction, field testing and performance analysis of a prototype windpowered RO desalination system set up at a site near Murdoch University, Western Australia. The prototype was run from July 1988 for thirteen months, yielding 3348 hours of usable windspeed, direction input data, and desalinated
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Clarke, Daniel. "Stand-alone solar-pv hydrogen energy systems incorporating reverse osmosis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1750.

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The world’s increasing energy demand means the rate at which fossil fuels are consumed has increased resulting in greater carbon dioxide emissions. For many small (marginalised) or coastal communities, access to potable water is limited alongside good availability of renewable energy sources (solar or wind). One solution is to utilise small-scale renewably powered stand-alone energy systems to help supply power for everyday utilities and to operate desalination systems serving potable water (drinking) needs reducing diesel generator dependence. In such systems, on-site water production is esse
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Dickson, James Morley. "Reverse osmosis transport phenomena in the presence of strong solute-membrane affinity." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53871.

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The reverse osmosis performance of cellulose acetate membranes has been examined and analyzed for several aqueous systems where there is a strong attraction between the organic solute and the membrane material. The systems investigated included the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, and cumene in single-solute aqueous solutions. Six cellulose acetate membranes, modified by annealing at different temperatures, were studied. Experiments were performed at four pressures (690, 1725, 3450, and 6900 kPa) and at several concentrations (in the range 5 to 260 ppm). The results were found to be
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Martinez, Hiroki. "Design of a desalination plant : aspects to consider." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6995.

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<p>One of the main problems our actual society faces is the shortage of water. Despite the great effort made by authorities and researchers, multiple countries with poor economic resources are experiencing serious difficulties derivative of water scarcity. Desalination provides a feasible solution for inland and coastal areas. Through literature and reviewed articles analysis the reader will meet the actual issues regarding designing a desalination plant, and more over with reverse osmosis (RO) processes, which are the main arguments of this work. One of the big deals is the environmental conc
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43

Mane, Pranay P. "RO Process Optimization Based on Deterministic Process Model Coupled with Stochastic Cost Model." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14486.

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A survey performed over existing two pilot-scale and two full-scale RO desalination facilities to study the current status of boron rejection showed a highest rejection 85% leading to permeate boron concentration of 0.52 mg/L, and recent studies predicted a cost increase due to incorporation of boron reduction systems. Mathematical models were developed to study the process performance and related cost implications. The deterministic process model was verified with pilot-scale experiment performed using a single spiral wound module and was later modified to represent the full-scale design op
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Zhou, Qing-Hua. "Study on reverse osmosis membrane separation of binary organic liquid mixtures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5810.

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There is an increasing interest for the separation of organic liquid mixtures with reverse osmosis primarily due to its great promise in industrial applications. Based on Surface Force-Pore Flow model (SFPF) developed by Matsuura and Sourirajan, the study was conducted with the aid of a computer program, for the separation of organic liquid mixtures by reverse osmosis for the purpose of design and prediction of membrane performance. The results show that for a given separation system the pore size on the membrane surface and the interaction force between the membrane material and solute are tw
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45

Bermudez-Contreras, Alfredo S. "An energy recovery device for small-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6098.

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This work presents the concept development, implementation and first practical demonstration of a new pressure intensifier for energy recovery in small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems, and the simplified system configuration it requires. The new concept has great potential to reduce the specific energy consumption of small-scale seawater reverse osmosis systems. A mathematical analysis to study pressure intensifiers for energy recovery in reverse osmosis applications was developed. The analysis was used in the design and modelling of the energy recovery device. A first prototype was bui
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Bhujle, Aditya Sarvanand. "Autonomous control and membrane maintenance optimization of photovoltaic reverse osmosis systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79332.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.<br>This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-102).<br>The supply of clean water in remote and off-grid areas has been a major global challenge for humanity. Over 780 million people lack access to clean water [1]. Ho
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47

Pype, Marie-Laure. "Monitoring reverse osmosis membrane integrity and virus rejection in water reuse." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20234/document.

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Les procédés d'osmose inverse (OI) permettent la production d'eau recyclée de très haute qualité grâce à l'élimination de contaminants organiques et inorganiques et de micro-organismes. Le suivi du bon fonctionnement de ce procédé est nécessaire pour valider la rétention des virus pathogènes afin de protéger la santé des usagers. La présence de minéraux et matières organiques dans les effluents rend inévitable le colmatage des membranes lors de leur fonctionnement et diminue ainsi leur performance. Afin d'éviter et d'éliminer ces colmatages, les stations de traitements des eaux utilisent des p
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Martinetti, C. Riziero. "Membrane contractor processes for desalination of brackish water reverse osmosis brines /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455665.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.<br>"May, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-38). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Ghiu, Silvana Melania Stefania. "Mass Transfer of Ionic Species in Direct and Reverse Osmosis Processes." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000176.

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Soliz, Deserié H. "Production of the Forage Halophyte Atriplex lentiformis on Reverse Osmosis Brine." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202737.

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Throughout the arid and semi-arid regions, researchers have been looking at different ways to deal with the salinity problem of the soil and water as well as feed for the livestock. Study 1 focused on a pilot project conducted in an irrigation district in Marana, AZ, USA, looking at using Reverse Osmosis (RO) concentrate on Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush) and then harvesting the plant to be tested for its possible use as a supplement in feed for livestock. Three irrigation treatments were tested based on the potential evapotranspiration rate (ET(o)): (1) plots irrigated at ET(o) adjusted dail
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