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Khan, Sajjad Nawaz, Siti Mariam Abdullah, Abdul Halim Busari, Muhammad Mubushar, and Ikram Ullah Khan. "Reversing the lens." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-03-2019-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of followership dimensions in the transformational leadership process by reversing the lens from the traditional leader-centric perspective to emerging followership perspective and examine the role of trust as a mediating variable in the proposed relationship. Design/methodology/approach Using quantitative method data were collected through a questionnaire from 506 respondents of the telecom sector in Pakistan. The proposed hypotheses were tested using SPSS V.23 and PROCESS V.3.1. Findings The results indicate that followership dimensions (active engagement and independent critical thinking) positively affect all the four constructs of transformational leadership (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration). Furthermore, trust in leadership partially mediates the direct relationship between followership dimensions and transformational leadership constructs. Research limitations/implications This study is conducted in a developing country context which limits its generalizability in other cultural backgrounds. Hence, further investigation could test the role of followership using different samples and methods. Practical implications Organizations need to pay more attention to followers’ development to produce better followership outcomes that will ultimately help establish strong relationships with transformational leaders and sustained positive outcomes. Originality/value This study empirically tests Shamir’s (2007) “reversing the lens” perspective and extends a distinct theoretical contribution to the social exchange theory that neither followers are passive participants, nor always on the receiving end of the relationship but they actively participate to establish a strong relationship with their leaders.
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Breland, Bruce. "Reversing the Lens System: The DAX Group in 1991." Leonardo 24, no. 2 (1991): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1575295.
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Kalliongis, John, and Andy Miller. "Orientation-reversing actions on lens spaces and Gaussian integers." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 212, no. 3 (March 2008): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2007.06.022.
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Johanyak, Debra, Jun Xing, and Lane Ryo Hirabayashi. "Reversing the Lens: Ethnicity, Race, Gender, and Sexuality through Film." African American Review 38, no. 1 (2004): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1512245.
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Xu, Angela J., Raymond Loi, Zhenyao Cai, and Robert C. Liden. "Reversing the lens: How followers influence leader–member exchange quality." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 92, no. 3 (April 13, 2019): 475–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joop.12268.
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McLennan, Sharon, and Glenn Banks. "Reversing the lens: Why corporate social responsibility is not community development." Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 26, no. 1 (August 23, 2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.1664.
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Wibowo, Sulistiyo. "PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK REVERSE LENS DALAM PEMOTRETAN FOTOGRAFI MAKRO." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v4i2.101.
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Something that we don't normally see whether because of something we rarely find or indeed we often find, but we pay less attention in depth because it might be of a size that is too small so it doesn't 'steal' our attention. Large and clear details are common when we observe things, especially objects around us. Butwhat if we want something that is more and less exposed because of its small size. Many simple things are used such as by bringing our eyes closer to the object to use tools such as a magnifying glass or even a microscope if it is needed. Raising a small subject is actually not unusual in the world of photography. The term photography in photography is called macro photography, which is shooting with small objects or subjects with the help of lenses or special tools so that the small-looking subject will appear large and the details of the subject will be unclear. For some people photography equipment might be considered expensive compared to mobile phones that have been equipped with cameras, especially when discussing equipment related to macro photography. Basically, macro shooting is the same as ordinary shooting, but the lens andsupporting equipment are slightly different. Especially lenses that do require a macro lens that has a tight focal point and are relatively expensive in price. But now there are many different converters for macro photography that are mounted on a normal lens, although the quality will indeed be different when we use an actual macro lens. In this study the author will put more emphasis on macro photography using the Reverse Lens technique. Reverse Lens is a technique by reversing the normal lens position and attaching it to the camera body mounting. Because reversing the lens mount requires an adapter so that it can be installed in the camera body so the shooting process will be more comfortable. Hopefully this research can provide useful results and interesting photography.
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Witriani, Witriani. "REVERSING THE LENS, WACANA PERLAWANAN SEJARAH 1965 DALAM FILM THE ACT OF KILLING." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2018.02101.
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As a study, documentary film is often used as a reference because of its historical, social, cultural and political representation which signifies the facts in society. It is no wonder that the production as well as the analysis of the film genre and its development around the world have created such debate, including in the academic realm. The film The Act of Killing is one of them. Directed by an American filmmaker, Joshua Oppenheimer, the film tries to reveal the other facts of Indonesian history which have been covered and never imagined before, especially, the implications of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) massacre in 1965. Taking the testimony of the actors, the film is quite controversial because it tells and descibes kind of sadism and human rights violations on PKI elements and other ethnicity. Thus it changes the world opinion about the Indonesian history in 1965. However, as a construction, film is a film. Sometimes, there is always a bias. What depicted in a film is a result of the cineast interpretation of historical events that may be different from other point of view. For instance, a contradictory between humanity and ideology has created a discourse among the viewers. While the director focus on a violation of human rights and set everything based on this perspectives, the actors or the perpetrators feel that what they did was a form of struggle to defense the country.
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TANGE, MOTOO, and YUICHI YAMADA. "FOUR-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS CONSTRUCTED BY LENS SPACE SURGERIES ALONG TORUS KNOTS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 21, no. 11 (August 27, 2012): 1250111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216512501118.
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A framed knot with an integral coefficient determines a simply-connected 4-manifold by 2-handle attachment. Its boundary is a 3-manifold obtained by Dehn surgery along the framed knot. For a pair of such Dehn surgeries along distinct knots whose results are homeomorphic, it is a natural problem: Determine the closed 4-manifold obtained by pasting the 4-manifolds along their boundaries. We determine the complete list (set) of pairs of integral surgeries along distinct torus knots whose resulting manifolds are orientation preserving/reversing homeomorphic lens spaces, and study the closed 4-manifolds constructed as above. The list consists of five sequences. All framed links and Kirby calculus are indexed by integers. As a bi-product, some sequences of embeddings of lens spaces into the standard 4-manifolds are constructed.
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Prakash, Om. "Cylindrical-lens-based wavefront-reversing shear interferometer for the spatial coherence measurement of UV radiations." Optical Engineering 45, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 055601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2205847.
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Zhao, Zhili, Honghai Zhang, Huai Zheng, and Sheng Liu. "New reversing freeform lens design method for LED uniform illumination with extended source and near field." Optics Communications 410 (March 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.09.101.
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Goncharov, G. A., B. K. Bagildinsky, E. V. Kornilov, D. D. Polojentsev, K. V. Rumyantsev, and V. D. Shkutov. "The Modernization of the Pulkovo Photographic (Photoelectric) Vertical Circle by a CCD Array." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 167 (1995): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900056667.
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The Zverev photographic vertical circle (PVC) of the Pulkovo observatory is in the process of modernization. The features of the vertical circle are: a)Maksutov mirror-lens optical system with small aberrations and wide passband: aperture: 20 cm, focal length: 200 cm, focal scale: 103 arcsec/mm.b)Very compact instrument: 140 cm total length, 60 cm — tube.c)Wide field: 25 × 25 mm = 40′ × 40′. Wide-field imaging can be combined with meridian observations.d)Easily-reversible instrument: reversing takes less than 30 seconds.e)Two divided vertical circles of glass. Photoelectric circle reading microscopes.f)Photographic micrometer in focal plane. This will be changed with a CCD micrometer.
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Donaldson, Paul. "Reversing the Age-Dependent Decline in Lens Transport: A New Strategy to Prevent Age Related Nuclear Cataract?" Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 54, no. 12 (November 1, 2013): 7188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-13394.
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Crutchfield, Susan. "Review: Reversing the Lens: Ethnicity, Race, Gender, and Sexuality Through Film by Jun Xing and Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, eds." Ethnic Studies Review 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2003.26.2.96.
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Nair, Indu, Bardo Fraunholz, and Chandana Unnithan. "Are ICT/Web 2.0 Tools Influencing Civic Engagement in Modern Democracies?" International Journal of E-Adoption 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jea.2012100105.
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Web 2.0 tools, while mobilising citizens to make informed choices, may also manipulated public opinion. This hypothesis forms the central theme of this research investigation through the historiography lens. Based on concurrent research from decade, the authors take a closer look at citizen-to-citizen engagement, so as to trace the role of web 2.0 tools, in perhaps manipulating public opinion or enabling democratic governance through reversal of some existing defects in the Indian context. Specifically, they raise these questions: Has ICT enabled civic engagement manipulated public opinion in this developing democracy? Has it succeeded in reversing apparent defects in the electoral system, which is regarded pivotal in democracies? Focusing on the elections, the authors present a synopsis of the use of web 2.0 tools which were seemingly efficiently and prolifically used during the elections albeit to reach out to the large population base in this country.
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East, Alison. "Reversing the ethnographer�s lens: A reflection on the challenges and possibilities of doing �off-shore� field research as a group." Dance Research Aotearoa 1, no. 1 (July 3, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/dra.v1i1.5.
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Rimsha Zafar, Wajeeha Ghias, and Dr. Muhammadi Sabra Nadeem. "Analyzing the Role of Organizational Climate on Courageous Followership and Authentic Leadership among University Graduates in Pakistan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(266-274).
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In today’s world, understanding the concept of followers is as important as the concept of leaders in the organization. Building the concept of followership and leadership, this study used the reversing the lens approach in leadership study and hypothesized that the relationship between courageous followership and authentic leadership enhances in the presence of organizational climate as moderator. The target sample for this study was graduate students from different universities in twin cities of Pakistan i.e. Rawalpindi and Islamabad (N= 171). This sample was chosen by convenience-based sampling due to Covid-19. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS and moderation analysis was also applied to this study. The results supported the hypotheses of the study by concluding that the organizational climate act as a moderator and influences the relationship between courageous followership and authentic leadership. Focusing on developing a good organizational climate will boost the impact of courageous followership behavior and authentic leadership in the students, and this would create a balanced and progressive society. Future researchers might need to consider the courageous followership behavior development and its role in enhancing authentic leadership in different work settings.
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Stasiulis, Daiva. "Elimi(Nation): Canada’s “Post-Settler” Embrace of Disposable Migrant Labour." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 26, 2020): 22–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.2251.
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This article utilizes the lens of disposability to explore recent conditions of low-wage temporary migrant labour, whose numbers and economic sectors have expanded in the 21stcentury. A central argument is that disposability is a discursive and material relation of power that creates and reproduces invidious distinctions between the value of “legitimate” Canadian settler-citizens (and candidates for citizenship) and the lack of worth of undesirable migrant populations working in Canada, often for protracted periods of time. The analytical lens of migrant disposability draws upon theorizing within Marxian, critical modernity studies, and decolonizing settler colonial frameworks. This article explores the technologies of disposability that lay waste to low wage workers in sites such as immigration law and provincial/territorial employment legislation, the workplace, transport, living conditions, access to health care and the practice of medical repatriation of injured and ill migrant workers. The mounting evidence that disposability is immanent within low-wage migrant labour schemes in Canada has implications for migrant social justice. The failure to protect migrant workers from a vast array of harms reflects the historical foundations of Canada’s contemporary migrant worker schemes in an “inherited background field [of settler colonialism] within which market, racist, patriarchal and state relations converge” (Coulthard, 2014, p. 14). Incremental liberal reform has made little headway insofar as the administration and in some cases reversal of more progressive reforms such as guaranteed pathways to citizenship prioritize employers’ labour interests and the lives and health of primarily white, middle class Canadian citizens at the expense of a shunned and racialized but growing population of migrants from the global South. Transformational change and social justice for migrant workers can only occur by reversing the disposability and hyper-commodification intrinsic to low-wage migrant programs and granting full permanent legal status to migrant workers.
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Corazza, Monica, Natale Schettini, Pierantonia Zedde, and Alessandro Borghi. "Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence and Prospects." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080950.
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Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, distressing, inflammatory disease with an enormous impact on quality of life. Treatment goals are relieving symptoms, reversing signs and preventing anatomical changes. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, treatment outcome may not be entirely satisfactory and a definitive cure does not exist. This may be due to the fact that the exact VLS etiopathogenesis remains unknown. The objectives of this paper were to review the most up-to-date knowledge on VLS etiopathogenesis and to consider the available therapies through the lens of a plausible pathogenetic model. An electronic search on both VLS etiopathogenesis and its treatment was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. Based on current knowledge, it is conceivable that various, heterogeneous environmental factors acting on a genetic background trigger an autoimmune, Th-1 response, which leads to a chronic inflammatory state. This, in turn, can determine both tissue and micro-vascular injury and activation of signaling pathways involved in fibroblast and collagen metabolism. This pathogenetic sequence may explain the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly topical corticosteroids, in improving VLS clinical-pathological changes. Further deepening of the disease pathways will presumably allow key mediators to become new therapeutic targets and optimize the available treatments.
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Schyns, Birgit. "Being suspicious in the workplace: the role of suspicion and negative views of others in the workplace in the perception of abusive supervision." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2020-0242.
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PurposeResearch reported in this manuscript focuses on the relationship between trait suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision. Based on previous research, the authors assume that suspicion is positively related to the perception of abusive supervision. The role implicit theories play in this relationship is examined.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies are presented to examine the relationship between trait suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision as moderated by implicit leadership theories. The first study is a survey study, and the second study is an experimental vignette study.FindingsResults of both studies indicate that suspicion is positively related to the perception of abusive supervision and that implicit leadership theories moderate the relationship between suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision.Research limitations/implicationsResults are interpreted in terms of biases in leadership perception as well as the reversing-the-lens perspective.Originality/valueWhile there is progress in taking into account follower characteristics and the resulting perceptual biases in the study of constructive leadership phenomena such as transformational leadership, less is know about the follower perception aspect of destructive leadership phenomena. With this research, the authors extend research into the influence of follower characteristics on the perception of abusive supervision and also look at boundary conditions of this relationship by including implicit leadership theories as a moderator.
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Biernat, Elżbieta, Justyna Krzepota, and Dorota Sadowska. "Martial Arts as a Form of Undertaking Physical Activity in Leisure Time Analysis of Factors Determining Participation of Poles." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091989.
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Background: The aim of this paper was to analyze selected sociodemographic and economic factors that determine practicing martial arts (MA) in Poland. Our hypothesis states that MA constitute a niche sport, which is a result of conditions shaping the decision to undertake them: perception through the lens of the media/entertainment business (rather than primary values), insufficient space for practicing, as well as high costs. Methods: The study was based on a survey conducted on a representative sample of Poles (n = 12,183). Results for 470 participants declaring some level of proficiency in MA were presented (including 124 declaring active participation). In order to verify statistically significant differences, a Chi-Square test, single-agent logistic regression analysis, and adds ratio were applied. Results: 3.0% of respondents declared basic skills in MA, while advanced skills were declared by 0.9% participants. Only 1% were active practitioners. The leading motivation was “pleasure” (62.1%), followed by “keeping fit and maintaining healthy body shape” (21.8%) and “health” (7.3%). The probability of participation in MA decreased with age (40 years of age being the turning point). As for young people, there is a 15 times lower chance of married individuals undertaking MA, while possessing advanced skills doubles the probability. School provides a place to practice MA during school years, but there is a problem with continuation at a later age (18.8% declaring classes organized at school vs. 5.4% organized at work). Conclusions: Reversing the trend of decreasing popularity of MA requires promotion on each level of education and creating opportunities to continue participation after graduation. There is a need to increase the availability of cheap sport facilities in the vicinity of the place of residence or work. In case of adults, it is important to build platforms facilitating contact with MA centers.
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Lo Bianco, Joseph. "The discourse of the edge: marginal advantage, positioning and linguistic entrepreneurship." Multilingua 40, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0188.
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Abstract This contribution discusses some links between the linguistics and the economics of the spirit of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurialism. Whether it is individuals or various social groupings, or even entire societies, a review of policies promoting self-investment in language ability links to a neoliberal economic and political ethos of competition, advantage, meritocracy, innovation and risk-taking; and thereby instantiates an essentially exchange and profit based understanding of communication. The depth and persistence of policy attaching personal and commodified gain to language merges with moral character judgements. I discuss four Asian studies of linguistic entrepreneurship, extracting common elements and differences, and then discuss the project of Asian engagement and language study in Australia. Applying the lens of linguistic entrepreneurship to Australia’s promotion of Asian languages reveals an entire project of national re-formation to foster integration into Asian regional economic and geopolitical arrangements. Much of this national project has been premised on reformulating core purposes of language study around the advantaging of individuals and the nation within an ethos of market competition. Australia’s ambition of national integration into Asia has achieved national consensus, reversing a long history of repudiation of the nation’s Asian geography, yet there are still persisting ideas of orientalism. This is particularly exposed in relation to how Asian Australians’ language skills are treated. Minority language maintenance of Asian languages has been construed as problematic, while Anglo-Australian learners’ acquisition of key trade languages of Asia is celebrated and admired. One result of this is that a considerable part of Australia’s Asia literacy project is in tension with its avowed aim of multiculturalism, which would value all language skills, those of maintenance as much as those of new learning.
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Elijah, Volenzo Tom, and John O. Odiyo. "Perception of Environmental Spillovers Across Scale in Climate Change Adaptation Planning: The Case of Small-Scale Farmers’ Irrigation Strategies, Kenya." Climate 8, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8010003.
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The failure to acknowledge and account for environmental externalities or spillovers in climate change adaptation policy, advocacy, and programming spaces exacerbate the risk of ecological degradation, and more so, the degradation of land. The use of unsuitable water sources for irrigation may increase salinisation risks. However, few if any policy assessments and research efforts have been directed at investigating how farmer perceptions mediate spillovers from the ubiquitous irrigation adaptation strategy. In this study, the cognitive failure and/or bias construct is examined and proposed as an analytical lens in research, policy, and learning and the convergence of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation discourses. A cross-sectional survey design and multistage stratified sampling were used to collect data from 69 households. To elicit the environmental impacts of irrigation practices, topsoil and subsoils from irrigated and non-irrigated sites were sampled and analysed using AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). A generalised linear logistic weight estimation procedure was used to analyse the perception of risks while an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse changes in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The findings from small-scale farmers in Machakos and Kakamega counties, Kenya, suggest multifaceted biases and failures about the existence and importance of externalities in adaptation planning discourses. Among other dimensions, a cognitive failure which encompasses fragmented approaches among institutions for use and management of resources, inadequate policy. and information support, as well as the poor integration of actors in adaptation planning accounts for adaptation failure. The failures in such human–environment system interactions have the potential to exacerbate the existing vulnerability of farmer production systems in the long run. The findings further suggest that in absence of risk message information dissemination, education level, farming experience, and information accumulation, as integral elements to human capital, do not seem to have a significant effect on behaviour concerning the mitigation of environmental spillovers. Implicitly, reversing the inherent adaptation failures calls for system approaches that enhance coordinated adaptation planning, prioritise the proactive mitigation of slow-onset disaster risks, and broadens decision support systems such as risk information dissemination integration, into the existing adaptation policy discourses and practice.
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Kozeruk, A. S., Y. L. Malpica, M. I. Filonova, V. I. Shamkalovich, and R. O. Dias Gonzalez. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OPERATIONAL ZONE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT USED FOR DOUBLE-SIDED PROCESSING OF LENSES." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-204-210.
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A mathematical modeling of geometric and kinematic relations has been made in respect of an operational zone for one of the standard machine tool sections which is used for simultaneous double-sided abrasive processing of highly-accurate lenses with a small rigidity (with a thin centre) under free lapping conditions. An analytical expression has been obtained for calculation of a sliding velocity in an arbitrarily selected point either on a surface to be processed or on a processing surface. As the proposed technology for simultaneous double-sided processing presupposes oscillatory motion of only processing tools then in order to eliminate a joint opening (a local contact fault between lapping surfaces of a tool and a work-piece) length of a drive piece must be not less than a specified value. In this case a convex tool is rigidly connected with a drive piece and it makes a reversing rotary motion (an oscillatory motion) around a centre of the processed spherical surface and a hinged joint of the centre with an output element of the technological equipment actuation mechanism is realized by transition of the drive piece ball end with a spherical seat in the output unit. In order to reveal analytical dependence of tool drive piece length on radius value of the processed spherical lens surface and friction coefficient in the contact zone of the tool and a work-piece the paper has considered a flow pattern of force while processing concave surfaces of lenses having small radius of curvature in case when the tool is positioned at the top. The friction coefficient included in the obtained expression has been determined for grinding while using suspensions of М40, М28, М10 micro-powders in a cast-iron grinding instrument and polishing while using polyrhythm suspension in a pitch and urethane-foam polisher. A method of the inclined plane has been used in this case and following the method a work-piece of optical glass has been initially lapped to the tool with the help of the appropriate abrasive suspension and the required angle has been determined at the moment when the work-piece started its sliding movement along the tool surface.
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Tange, Motoo, and Yuichi Yamada. "Four-dimensional manifolds constructed by lens space surgeries of distinct types." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 11 (October 2017): 1750069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517500699.
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A framed knot with an integral coefficient determines a simply-connected 4-manifold by 2-handle attachment. Its boundary is a 3-manifold obtained by Dehn surgery along the framed knot. For a pair of such Dehn surgeries along distinct knots whose results are homeomorphic, it is a natural problem: Determine the closed 4-manifold obtained by pasting the 4-manifolds along their boundaries. We study pairs of lens space surgeries along distinct knots whose lens spaces (i.e. the resulting lens spaces of the surgeries) are orientation-preservingly or -reversingly homeomorphic. In the authors’ previous work, we treated with the case both knots are torus knots. In this paper, we focus on the case where one is a torus knot and the other is a Berge’s knot Type VII or VIII, in a genus one fiber surface. We determine the complete list (set) of such pairs of lens space surgeries and study the closed 4-manifolds constructed as above. The list consists of six sequences. All framed links and handle calculus are indexed by integers.
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Smith, Brett H. "Reversing the Curse: Agricultural Millennialism at the Illinois Industrial University." Church History 73, no. 4 (December 2004): 759–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700073042.
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In the spring of 1868, sixty-eight students gathered to become the first matriculants of the Illinois Industrial University. They had responded to a summons by the state legislature to engage in a bold new mission of publicly funded mechanical and industrial education, a move which would, Illinoisans hoped, bring lavish prosperity to their fellow citizens and themselves. Like other colleges of the period, utilitarian and democratic rationales motivated the I. I. U. leadership to establish their school. Quoting their commission by the Morrill Act, the trustees said the university's “chief aim” was to educate “the industrial classes” by teaching “such branches of learning as are related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, and Military Tactics, without excluding other scientific and classical studies.” And yet, there was an even more radical and compelling vision among the I.I.U. faithful, one which was distinctively theological: “The hope of the Trustees and Faculty,” they said, “is that the Institution will produce … men of Christian culture … able and willing to lend a helping hand in all the great practical enterprises of this most practical age.”
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C Hsiao, John, Santos S Tseng, and David C Chang. "Keratectatic Reversion After Cessation of Contact Lens Treatment of Iatrogenic Keratectasia Following LASIK." Journal of Refractive Surgery 23, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-20070201-02.
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Luef, Eva Maria. "Development of voice onset time in an ongoing phonetic differentiation in Austrian German plosives: Reversing a near-merger." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-2006.
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AbstractSound change in the form of plosive mergers has been reported for a variety of languages and is the result of a reduction of phonetic distance between two (or more) sounds. The present study is concerned with the opposite development of phonetic differentiation in plosives (akin to a phonetic split), a less commonly reported phenomenon that is taking place in Austrian German at the moment. A previously small (or null) phonetic distinction between fortis and lenis plosives – a presumed near-merger – is gradually developing into a clear phonetic contrast in younger speakers. In the present study, voice onset time of word-initial plosives was measured in two generations of Austrian speakers (born in the middle and at the end of the 20th century), yielding an ongoing phonetic differentiation where the voice onset time of lenis consonants is shortened while, at the same time, that of fortis consonants is lengthened. These results present an insight into the recent diachronic development of Austrian German and the changes in plosive production that are currently taking place.
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Kang, Yoonjung, and Naomi Nagy. "VOT merger in Heritage Korean in Toronto." Language Variation and Change 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439451600003x.
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AbstractKorean has a typologically unusual three-way laryngeal contrast in voiceless stops among aspirated, lenis, and fortis stops. Seoul Korean is undergoing a female-led sound change in which aspirated stops and lenis stops are merging in voice onset time (VOT) and are better distinguished by the F0 (fundamental frequency) of the following vowel than by their VOT, in younger speakers' speech. This paper compares the VOT pattern of Homeland (Seoul) and Heritage (Toronto) Korean speakers and finds that the same change is in progress in both. However, in the heritage variety, younger speakers do not advance the change, unlike their Seoul counterparts. Rather they have leveled off or are perhaps reversing the change, and there is very little sex difference among the younger heritage speakers' patterns. We consider possible accounts of the differences between the Seoul and Toronto patterns, building our understanding of how language-internal variation operates in bilingual speakers, a topic that has received relatively less attention in the variationist literature.
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Bahale, Satish, and Amit Shende. "Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Tapping Tool with Diametrical flexibility." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201722.
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Tapping operation which refers to production of internal threads forms an integral part of any machine shop and it is intended to provide semi permanent fastening to the components of product so as to lend themselves for repairs and replacements. Though various methods of internal threading are available such as internal threading by milling, grinding or forming but internal threading by metal cutting which employs a tapping tool is indeed the mostly used for products where accuracy forms the base of evaluation. Last few decades have seen the growth of automobile industries and has resulted in development of its allied operations of which tapping is one of the crucial operation performed. The conventional tapping operation which surely involves rotating the tool and feeding past the pre drilled hole to create the contours called as internal threads and this is followed by withdrawal of tapping tool by reversing it with aid of rotational energy. The present paper attempts to design and analyze a tapping tool which will have no requirement of reversing of tool at the end of cutting operation which is essentially done by changing the design of conventional solid tap. The solid tapping tool is divided into two parts along the longitudinal axis and a mechanism is prompted to give the two parts actuation which would shrink at the end of cutting operation to be dragged out of hole without damaging the machined surface and providing the diametrical flexibility to engulf other diameters to be machined. This tapping tool with diametrical flexibility is designed in CAD tool named as CATIA V5 and efficiently analyzed by using FEA technique which is the working phenomenon for ANSYS.
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Bharatan, Shanti M., Manjula Reddy, and J. Gowrishankar. "Distinct Signatures for Mutator Sensitivity of lacZ Reversions and for the Spectrum of lacI/lacO Forward Mutations on the Chromosome of Nondividing Escherichia coli." Genetics 166, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/166.2.681.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A conditional lethal galE(Ts)-based strategy was employed in Escherichia coli, first to eliminate all growth-associated chromosomal reversions in lacZ or forward mutations in lacI/lacO by incubation at the restrictive temperature and subsequently to recover (as papillae) spontaneous mutations that had arisen in the population of nondividing cells after shift to the permissive temperature. Data from lacZ reversion studies in mutator strains indicated that the products of all genes for mismatch repair (mutHLS, dam, uvrD), of some for oxidative damage repair (mutMT), and of that for polymerase proofreading (dnaQ) are required in dividing cells; some others for oxidative damage repair (mutY, nth nei) are required in both dividing and nondividing cells; and those for alkylation damage repair (ada ogt) are required in nondividing cells. The spectrum of lacI/lacO mutations in nondividing cells was distinguished both by lower frequencies of deletions and IS1 insertions and by the unique occurrence of GC-to-AT transitions at lacO +5. In the second approach to study mutations that had occurred in nondividing cells, lacI/lacO mutants were selected as late-arising papillae from the lawn of a galE+ strain; once again, transitions at lacO +5 were detected among the mutants that had been obtained from populations initially grown on poor carbon sources such as acetate, palmitate, or succinate. Our results indicate that the lacO +5 site is mutable only in nondividing cells, one possible mechanism for which might be that random endogenous alkylation (or oxidative) damage to DNA in these cells is efficiently corrected by the Ada Ogt (or Nth Nei) repair enzymes at most sites but not at lacO +5. Furthermore, the late-arising papillae from the second approach were composed almost exclusively of dominant lacI/lacO mutants. This finding lends support to “instantaneous gratification” models in which a spontaneous lesion, occurring at a random site in DNA of a nondividing cell, is most likely to be fixed as a mutation if it allows the cell to immediately exit the nondividing state.
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Suen, T. C., and M. C. Hung. "c-myc reverses neu-induced transformed morphology by transcriptional repression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.354.
Full textAbstract:
Amplification or overexpression or both of either the c-myc or the human neu (C-erbB-2) gene are common events in many primary human tumors. Coamplification or overexpression or both of both genes have been reported in some breast cancers. The possibility of cooperation between the c-myc and the normal rat neu (c-neu) genes in transforming cells was examined. Surprisingly, the expression of c-myc in B104-1-1 cells, and activated rat neu oncogene (neu*)-transformed NIH 3T3 line, resulted in morphologic reversion. This reversion was found to be a consequence of a transcription-repressive action of c-myc on the neu gene via a 140-bp fragment on the neu gene promoter. The effective concentration of a positive factor(s) interacting with this fragment seemed to be lowered by the expression of c-myc. Our findings lend support to arguments concerning the long-suspected function of c-myc as a transcriptional modulator. They also imply that an oncogene such as c-myc, or possibly the rapidly explored class that encodes transcription factors, under certain conditions may act to reverse a transformed phenotype that is induced by another oncogene instead of contributing positively towards the transformation process. Therefore, the activity of an oncogene may depend on the environment in which it is expressed. In addition, we may have identified the neu gene as a cellular target gene of negative regulation by c-myc.
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Suen, T. C., and M. C. Hung. "c-myc reverses neu-induced transformed morphology by transcriptional repression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.354-362.1991.
Full textAbstract:
Amplification or overexpression or both of either the c-myc or the human neu (C-erbB-2) gene are common events in many primary human tumors. Coamplification or overexpression or both of both genes have been reported in some breast cancers. The possibility of cooperation between the c-myc and the normal rat neu (c-neu) genes in transforming cells was examined. Surprisingly, the expression of c-myc in B104-1-1 cells, and activated rat neu oncogene (neu*)-transformed NIH 3T3 line, resulted in morphologic reversion. This reversion was found to be a consequence of a transcription-repressive action of c-myc on the neu gene via a 140-bp fragment on the neu gene promoter. The effective concentration of a positive factor(s) interacting with this fragment seemed to be lowered by the expression of c-myc. Our findings lend support to arguments concerning the long-suspected function of c-myc as a transcriptional modulator. They also imply that an oncogene such as c-myc, or possibly the rapidly explored class that encodes transcription factors, under certain conditions may act to reverse a transformed phenotype that is induced by another oncogene instead of contributing positively towards the transformation process. Therefore, the activity of an oncogene may depend on the environment in which it is expressed. In addition, we may have identified the neu gene as a cellular target gene of negative regulation by c-myc.
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Avramchuk, Valeriy V., E. E. Luneva, and Alexander G. Cheremnov. "Increasing the Efficiency of Using Hardware Resources for Time-Frequency Correlation Function Computation." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.969.
Full textAbstract:
In the article the techniques of increasing efficient of using multi-core processors for the task of calculating the fast Fourier transform were considered. The fast Fourier transform is led on the basis of calculating a time time-frequency correlation function. The time-frequency correlation function allows increasing the information content of the analysis as compared with the classic correlation function. The significant computational capabilities are required to calculate the time-frequency correlation function, that by reason of the necessity of multiple computing fast Fourier transform. For computing the fast Fourier transform the Cooley-Tukey algorithm with fixed base two is used, which lends itself to efficient parallelization and is simple to implement. Immediately before the fast Fourier transform computation the procedure of bit-reversing the input data sequence is used. For algorithm of calculating the time-frequency correlation function parallel computing technique was used that experimentally allowed obtaining the data defining the optimal number of iterations for each core of the CPU, depending on the sample size. The results of experiments allowed developing special software that automatically select the effective amount of subtasks for parallel processing. Also the software provides the choice of sequential or parallel computations mode, depending on the sample size and the number of frequency intervals in the calculation of time-frequency correlation function.
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Goras, Georgios, Chrysoula Tananaki, Sofia Gounari, Elissavet Lazaridou, Dimitrios Kanelis, Vasileios Liolios, Emmanouel Karazafiris, and Andreas Thrasyvoulou. "Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees." Journal of Apicultural Science 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2016-0033.
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Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.
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Rezvani, Andrew R., Jeannine S. McCune, Ami Batchelder, Barry E. Storer, George B. McDonald, and H. Joachim Deeg. "Low Toxicity and Mortality with Reversed-Order Conditioning (Cyclophosphamide Followed by Targeted Intravenous Busulfan) in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1175.1175.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 1175 Poster Board I-197 BACKGROUND: Regimen-related toxicity is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The widely-used conditioning regimen of busulfan followed by cyclophosphamide (BU/CY) has been associated with mortality rates of 12–13% at 100 days after HCT (BBMT 2007 13:355–65, Blood 2002 100:1201–7). Additionally, regimen-related liver injury in the form of moderate or severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) occurs in 9% of allogeneic HCT recipients conditioned with targeted BU/CY. Preclinical evidence suggests that BU, when given first in order, may deplete hepatic glutathione and potentiate the toxicity of CY, and that reversing the sequence of conditioning agents might reduce toxicity (BBMT 2007 13:853–62). We report the preliminary clinical and pharmacokinetic findings of an ongoing prospective Phase I/II clinical trial designed to test this hypothesis by reversing the standard order of conditioning agents, using CY followed by targeted IV BU. PATIENTS AND METHODS: As of June 17, 2009, 25 patients with myelofibrosis (n=14) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplasia (MDS) (n=11) were enrolled and observed through day +100 after HCT. Median age was 55 (range, 34–62) years. Twelve patients (48%) had related donors, while 13 had unrelated donors. Among the 13 unrelated donors, 12 were HLA-matched while 1 was mismatched at one HLA allele. Patients received IV CY 60 mg/kg/day on days -7 and -6 before HCT, followed by IV BU (Busulfex, Otsuka Pharmaceutical) 4 mg/kg/day on days -5 through -2. After the first BU dose, subsequent doses were adjusted based on pharmacokinetic monitoring to achieve plasma BU concentrations at steady state (Css) of 800–900 ng/mL. Prophylactic phenytoin was administered on days -6 through -1, and prophylactic ursodiol was administered starting 2 weeks before HCT and continuing through day +90. All patients received G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts. Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus combined with methotrexate 10 mg/m2 on days +1, +3, +6, and +11. Endpoints included engraftment, liver and renal toxicity, day +100 mortality, overall survival, and pharmacokinetics of CY and its metabolites 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (HCY) and O-carboxyethyl-phosphoramide mustard (CEPM). RESULTS: All patients initially engrafted, with neutrophil engraftment at a median of 17 (range, 11–26) days after HCT. One patient (4%) with an HLA-allele-mismatched unrelated-donor allograft had late graft failure approximately 3 months after HCT. Bilirubin values in the first 20 days after HCT peaked at a median of 1.9 (range, 0.5–12.4) mg/dL. SOS occurred in 1 patient (4%), who had a 10 kg weight gain, peak bilirubin of 2.3, and tender hepatomegaly with eventual resolution. Median peak serum creatinine in the first 20 days after HCT was 1.0 (range, 0.6–3.7) mg/dL. One patient (4%) experienced acute renal insufficiency, defined as a doubling of serum creatinine from pre-transplant baseline, within the first 20 days after HCT in the setting of septic shock. Day +100 survival was 96%; one patient died of sepsis at day +42. Kaplan-Meier estimated survival at the median follow-up of 8 months was 91% (myelofibrosis, 100% and AML/MDS, 80%). In the 6 patients who had died at last follow-up, causes of death included graft-vs.-host disease (n=2), sepsis (n=2), relapsed AML (n=1), and metastatic prostate cancer (n=1). Peak plasma concentrations of CY, HCY, and CEPM were 365.3 ± 58.2 μM, 9.5 ± 5.0 μM, and 12.7 ± 5.9 μM respectively after dose 1 of CY. After dose 2 of CY, peak plasma concentrations of CY, HCY, and CEPM were 312.9 ± 54.7 μM, 21.7 ± 8.6 μM, and 27.7 ± 11.0 μM respectively. The areas under the curve from time 0 to 48 hours for CY, HCY, and CEPM were 4737.0 ± 1361.3 μM • h, 182.4 ± 51.3 μM • h, and 508.5 ± 185.6 μM • h respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Reversing the sequence of conditioning agents in allogeneic HCT, from BU/CY to CY/BU, produced engraftment with low rates of regimen-related toxicity and 96% survival at day +100 after HCT. Our preliminary findings lend clinical support to the hypothesis that reversing the sequence of these agents may lessen exposure to toxic CY metabolites and improve clinical outcomes. Disclosures: Rezvani: Otsuka: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Describes intravenous busulfan in combination with cyclophosphamide as conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia, and myelofibrosis.. McCune:Otsuka: Consultancy, Research Funding. Deeg:Otsuka: Research Funding.
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Christensen, Jesse C., K. Bo Foreman, and Paul C. LaStayo. "The Positive Benefits of Negative Movement Patterns Following Total Knee Arthroplasty." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 9 (January 1, 2018): 215145851875779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2151458518757796.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Eccentric (negative) resistance exercise of the legs using specialized machines has been reported to be useful and often superior to standard exercise following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Movements that utilize body mass and gravity as a mode of eccentric resistance exercise in a more pragmatic rehabilitation paradigm may also be useful in reversing chronic muscle impairments observed years following surgery. This study explores whether an eccentrically biased, body mass resistance exercise induces greater magnitude of sagittal plane extensor angular impulse of the support torque and individual net joint torque contributions during both squatting and lunging movement patterns 6 weeks following TKA. Methods: Cross-sectional laboratory-based study design including 10 patients following primary unilateral TKA (6.5 ± 0.8 weeks.). All patients completed 3 trials of the squat and lunge movement pattern under both a concentric and an eccentric condition. Extensor angular impulse of the support torque and net joint torque contributions were calculated by integrating the joint torque versus time curves. A Two-way analysis of covariance was conducted and contracts of clinical interest were computed using Wald posttest. P Values for all pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiplicity using Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure. Results: The eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse during both the squat ( P < .001) and lunge ( P < .001) movement patterns for the support torques. Similarly, the eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse of the hip, knee, and ankle ( P < .001) during both movement patterns. Conclusion: Eccentrically biased, body mass movement exercises can produce higher levels of extensor angular impulse on the surgical limb in patients early after TKA. Patients in this study were able to tolerate the higher extensor angular impulse demands and performed the eccentrically biased conditions (without specialized machines) that could be beneficial in postoperative rehabilitation.
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Mann, Elizabeth R., Madhvi Menon, Sean Blandin Knight, Joanne E. Konkel, Christopher Jagger, Tovah N. Shaw, Siddharth Krishnan, et al. "Longitudinal immune profiling reveals key myeloid signatures associated with COVID-19." Science Immunology 5, no. 51 (September 17, 2020): eabd6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abd6197.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 pathogenesis is associated with an exaggerated immune response. However, the specific cellular mediators and inflammatory components driving diverse clinical disease outcomes remain poorly understood. We undertook longitudinal immune profiling on both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of hospitalized patients during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Here, we report key immune signatures present shortly after hospital admission that were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Immune signatures were related to shifts in neutrophil to T cell ratio, elevated serum IL-6, MCP-1 and IP-10, and most strikingly, modulation of CD14+ monocyte phenotype and function. Modified features of CD14+ monocytes included poor induction of the prostaglandin-producing enzyme, COX-2, as well as enhanced expression of the cell cycle marker Ki-67. Longitudinal analysis revealed reversion of some immune features back to the healthy median level in patients with a good eventual outcome. These findings identify previously unappreciated alterations in the innate immune compartment of COVID-19 patients and lend support to the idea that therapeutic strategies targeting release of myeloid cells from bone marrow should be considered in this disease. Moreover, they demonstrate that features of an exaggerated immune response are present early after hospital admission suggesting immune-modulating therapies would be most beneficial at early timepoints.
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Zou, Cheng, Mélanie Massonnet, Andrea Minio, Sagar Patel, Victor Llaca, Avinash Karn, Fred Gouker, et al. "Multiple independent recombinations led to hermaphroditism in grapevine." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 15 (April 9, 2021): e2023548118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023548118.
Full textAbstract:
Hermaphroditic (perfect) flowers were a key trait in grapevine domestication, enabling a drastic increase in yields due to the efficiency of self-pollination in the domesticated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera). In contrast, all extant wild Vitis species are dioecious, each plant having only male or female flowers. In this study, we identified the male (M) and female (f) haplotypes of the sex-determining region (SDR) in the wild grapevine species V. cinerea and confirmed the boundaries of the SDR. We also demonstrated that the SDR and its boundaries are precisely conserved across the Vitis genus using shotgun resequencing data of 556 wild and domesticated accessions from North America, East Asia, and Europe. A high linkage disequilibrium was found at the SDR in all wild grape species, while different recombination signatures were observed along the hermaphrodite (H) haplotype of 363 cultivated accessions, revealing two distinct H haplotypes, named H1 and H2. To further examine the H2 haplotype, we sequenced the genome of two grapevine cultivars, 'Riesling' and 'Chardonnay'. By reconstructing the first two H2 haplotypes, we estimated the divergence time between H1 and H2 haplotypes at ∼6 million years ago, which predates the domestication of grapevine (∼8,000 y ago). Our findings emphasize the important role of recombination suppression in maintaining dioecy in wild grape species and lend additional support to the hypothesis that at least two independent recombination events led to the reversion to hermaphroditism in grapevine.
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Sherman, Stephen E., and Christopher W. Loomis. "Strychnine-dependent allodynia in the urethane-anesthetized rat is segmentally distributed and prevented by intrathecal glycine and betaine." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-733.
Full textAbstract:
The blockade of spinal glycine receptors with intrathecal strychnine produces a reversible allodynia-like state in the rat. Thus, hair deflection, in the presence of intrathecal strychnine, induces cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses comparable with those evoked by noxious thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimulation in the absence of strychnine. In the present study, we mapped the cutaneous sites of abnormal sensitivity to hair deflection throughout the strychnine time course to investigate the segmental distribution of strychnine-induced allodynia. The ability of intrathecal glycine and the glycine derivative betaine to reverse strychnine-induced allodynia was also determined using dose–response analysis. Following intrathecal strychnine (40 μg), stroking the legs, flanks, lower back, and tail with a cotton-tipped applicator evoked a pronounced increase in mean arterial pressure, tachycardia, and an abrupt motor withdrawal response in urethane-anesthetized rats. These abnormal responses were only evoked by hair deflection at discrete sites, corresponding to the cutaneous dermatomes innervated by spinal segments near the site of strychnine injection. In rats with intrathecal catheters lying laterally in the subarachnoid space, allodynic sites were observed unilaterally on the ipsilateral side of intrathecal strychnine injection. Recovery from strychnine was complete by 30 min in all affected dermatomes. The cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses to hair deflection were dose dependently inhibited by intrathecal glycine and intrathecal betaine. The ED50 (95% confidence interval) for intrathecal glycine was 609 (429–865) μg for the heart rate response, 694 (548–878) μg for the pressor response, and 549 (458–658) μg for the motor withdrawal response. The corresponding values for intrathecal betaine were 981 (509–1889), 1045 (740–1476), and 1083 (843–1391) μg, respectively. There was no difference in the effect of betaine on sensory-evoked cardiovascular and motor responses. Cortical electroencephalographic activity was not affected by intrathecal glycine or betaine, consistent with a spinal locus of action in reversing strychnine-induced allodynia. These results support the hypothesis that removal of spinal glycinergic modulation from low threshold afferent input with intrathecal strychnine results in segmentally localized, tactile-evoked allodynia.Key words: intrathecal, glycine, allodynia, strychnine, rat.
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Palmieri-Smith, Riann M., J. Ty Hopkins, and Tyler N. Brown. "Peroneal Activation Deficits in Persons with Functional Ankle Instability." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 5 (March 6, 2009): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508330147.
Full textAbstract:
Background Functional ankle instability (FAI) may be prevalent in as many as 40% of patients after acute lateral ankle sprain. Altered afference resulting from damaged mechanoreceptors after an ankle sprain may lead to reflex inhibition of surrounding joint musculature. This activation deficit, referred to as arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), may be the underlying cause of FAI. Incomplete activation could prevent adequate control of the ankle joint, leading to repeated episodes of instability. Hypothesis Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is present in the peroneal musculature of functionally unstable ankles and is related to dynamic peroneal muscle activity. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Twenty-one (18 female, 3 male) patients with unilateral FAI and 21 (18 female, 3 male) uninjured, matched controls participated in this study. Peroneal maximum H-reflexes and M-waves were recorded bilaterally to establish the presence or absence of AMI, while electromyography (EMG) recorded as patients underwent a sudden ankle inversion perturbation during walking was used to quantify dynamic activation. The H:M ratio and average EMG amplitudes were calculated and used in data analyses. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare limbs and groups. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the H:M ratio and the EMG amplitudes. Results The FAI patients had larger peroneal H:M ratios in their nonpathological ankle (0.399 ± 0.185) than in their pathological ankle (0.323 ± 0.161) (P = .036), while no differences were noted between the ankles of the controls (0.442 ± 0.176 and 0.425 ± 0.180). The FAI patients also exhibited lower EMG after inversion perturbation in their pathological ankle (1.7 ± 1.3) than in their uninjured ankle (EMG, 3.3 ± 3.1) (P < .001), while no differences between legs were noted for controls (P > .05). No significant relationship was found between the peroneal H:M ratio and peroneal EMG (P > .05). Conclusion Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is present in the peroneal musculature of persons with FAI but is not related to dynamic muscle activation as measured by peroneal EMG amplitude. Reversing AMI may not assist in protecting the ankle from further episodes of instability; however dynamic muscle activation (as measured by peroneal EMG amplitude) should be restored to maximize ankle stabilization. Dynamic peroneal activity is impaired in functionally unstable ankles, which may contribute to recurrent joint instability and may leave the ankle vulnerable to injurious loads.
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Hunsucker, R. Laval. "Master’s Students in History Could Benefit from a Greater Library Sensitivity and Commitment to Interdisciplinarity, and from More Efficient Document Delivery." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2011): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8xk81.
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Objective – This study sought to determine the characteristics of research materials used by history students in preparing their master’s theses. Of which information resources formats did such students make use, and in what proportions? What was the age distribution of resources used? What was the dispersal over journal titles and over subject classification, i.e., the degree of interdisciplinarity? To what extent did the master’s students make use of non-English-language materials? To what extent did their institution’s library hold the resources in question?
The investigator was especially interested in finding quantitative support for what he terms two “hypotheses.” The first of these is that historical research depends to a high degree on monographs, journal articles being far less important to it than they are to research in, especially, the natural sciences and technology. The second is that the age distribution of resources important to historical research is much flatter and longer than that of resources upon which researchers in the natural sciences and technology rely.
Design – Citation analysis, supplemented with comprehensive catalogue searches.
Setting – Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU), a mid-sized public university located in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Subjects – MA and MS theses (N=47) successfully submitted to the Department of History over the period from academic year 1998/1999 through academic year 2007/2008, inclusive.
Methods – The investigator initially identified the theses through a search of the online catalogue (“Consuls”) of the Connecticut State University system, and retrieved all of them in either electronic or hard-copy form. He then subjected all citations (N=3,498) listed in the references sections of these theses to an examination in order to identify for each cited resource the format, the age, the language, and, in the case of scholarly journal articles, the journal of publication. He carried out bibliographic searches in order to rectify any citations which he had noted to be faulty or incomplete. The study took no account of possible additional citations in footnotes or endnotes or in the text, and did not measure citation intensity (whether, for instance, a thesis referred only once, or perhaps many times, to a given resource). Duplicates “were ignored.” He furthermore performed systematic searches in Consuls and in the Library of Congress (LC) online catalogue in order to establish, insofar as possible, into which assigned LC Classification class each resource fell, and whether it belonged to the holdings of the SCSU library. “Holdings,” as used here, includes physical resources owned, as well as those resources to which the library has licensed access. Not marked as either “held” or “not held” were: resources available online without restriction or charge, items not identified in either Consuls or the LC catalogue, and all government documents. Ages of cited resources were calculated based on the edition or version date actually given in a student’s citation, without any consideration of a possible earlier date of the original version of the publication or document concerned.
Main Results – Format, age distribution, and journal frequency. The local citation analysis found that 53.2% of all cited resources were monographs, 7.8% were scholarly articles, 5.3% were contributed chapters in books, and 0.6% were dissertations or theses. Non-scholarly periodicals accounted for 15.7%, government documents for 6.7%, and freely available web documents for 4.1%. The remainder, approximately 6.5%, comprised archival papers, judicial documents, directories, interviews, posters, audiovisual materials, and 13 other formats. Cited resources, measured back from the date of acceptance of the citing thesis, ranged from 0 to 479 years old; the mode was 3 years, but the median was “25” (p. 170) or “26” (p. 177) years. Just over 70% (i.e., 2,500 cited resources) were more than ten years old. Almost one thousand of the cited resources were fifty or more years old. The 274 scholarly journal articles included in the references sections were spread over 153 distinct journal titles, of which 105 titles made only one appearance, and 136 titles three or fewer appearances. The mean was 1.8 appearances.
Subject dispersal and language. Of the 2,084 cited resources for which LC classification was locatable, 51.5% had a classification other than history, i.e., other than class C, D, E, or F. Nearly two thirds (66.0%) of the cited scholarly journal articles had appeared in journals with a focus other than history. (Note: table 4 is incorrect, precisely reversing the actual ratio.) Of all cited items, 98.5% were in the English language. Half (27) of the non-English-language resources cited were in Korean, all cited in the same thesis. Books (i.e., monographs plus compilations from which contributed chapters were cited) accounted for 87.0% of foreign-language citations. More than four fifths of the examined theses (83.0%) cited not a single non-English-language resource.
Local holdings. Of all 3,498 cited items, 3,022 could be coded as either “held” or “not held” by the SCSU library. Of the items so coded (not, as indicated on p. 180, of all cited items), scarcely two fifths (41.0%) belonged to the library’s holdings. The holdings percentage was highest (72.6%) for the 274 scholarly journal articles cited, followed by the 186 contributed chapters (50.0%), the 550 non-scholarly periodical items (49.5%), and the 1,861 monographs (46.8%). For other cited formats, the percentage was much lower, and in some cases, e.g., for the 55 archival and the 44 judicial documents, it was 0.0%. Of the 54 foreign-language resources cited, the institution’s library held only two.
Conclusion – The investigator concludes that his study’s findings do indeed lend quantitative support to his two “hypotheses.” This outcome will surprise few, if any, librarians; it is in accord with what Koenig (1978) long ago saw as a matter of “intuition” and “all conventional wisdom,” something that many subsequent studies have confirmed. Sherriff accordingly recommends, firstly, that collections which strive to support historical research should, in matters of acquisition policy and budget allocation, take serious account of that field’s relatively strong dependence on monographs. Secondly, the data on age distribution carry obvious implications for librarians’ decision-making on matters such as de-accessioning and weeding, relegation to remote storage, and retrospective acquisitions. This finding should also be considered, for instance, in connection with preservation policy and the maintaining of special collections. He even suggests that librarians “need to teach students the value of reviewing literature historically and showing them how to do so effectively” (p. 177).
Sherriff considers a number of further (tentative) conclusions to be warranted or suggested by the results of this study. First of all, that historical research is now characteristically an interdisciplinary matter, in the sense that it requires extensive access to information resources, including journals, which libraries have traditionally not classified as belonging to the discipline of history itself. For a library supporting such research, this phenomenon “has implications for matters including collection budgets, reference work, bibliographic instruction, and the location of collections and departmental libraries” (p. 168). It also means “that librarians working with history students and history collections need to be aware of the relevant resources in other disciplines. This can improve reference work, research assistance, and bibliographic instruction; it may also help the coordination of acquisitions across departmental lines” (p. 179). Secondly, one may conclude that “there is no ‘core’ collection of journals for history” (p. 178) which will be able to satisfy a large proportion of master’s students’ research needs. Thirdly, the fact that a library such as SCSU’s holds significantly less than half of what master’s students require for preparing their theses “may exercise a narrowing effect on students’ awareness of the existing literature on their topics” (p. 180), “increases the importance of departmental faculty, reference librarians, and subject specialist librarians drawing students’ attention to resources beyond the library’s catalogues and collections” (p. 180), and requires that the library give serious attention to effective document delivery arrangements. Finally, this study’s finding that only a small percentage of master’s students in history made use of non-English-language materials, but then in certain cases used them rather extensively (27 Korean items cited in one thesis, ten Italian in another, nine Spanish in yet another), suggests that acquisition, or at least proactive acquisition, of such materials needn’t be a priority, as long as, once again, the students concerned have easy access to efficient and affordable document delivery services. Sherriff does concede, however, that his finding could indicate “that students are unaware of relevant resources in other languages or are aware of them but lack the language skills necessary to use them” (p. 179).
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"Reversing the lens: ethnicity, race, gender, and sexuality through film." Choice Reviews Online 41, no. 04 (December 1, 2003): 41–2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-2072.
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Resh, William, Tima Moldogaziev, Sergio Fernandez, and Colin Anguss Leslie. "Reversing the Lens: Assessing the Use of Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey in Public Administration Research." Review of Public Personnel Administration, August 9, 2019, 0734371X1986501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x19865012.
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Despite the proliferation of published work using the U.S. Office of Personnel Management’s (OPM) Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) data, the scholarly community to date lacks a review of the practices and value associated with how scholars have used the survey data in their research. We turn a lens at the public administration research that has used the FEVS to this point. We assess the extent to which peer-reviewed studies follow the fundamental criteria of conducting empirical studies using survey data—from accepted guidelines and practices for preinferential evaluations of survey data to the reporting of baseline and advanced standards and practices of analytical methods for measurement and quantitative analysis. Our review provides an overarching appraisement of public management scholarship employing the FEVS, which can strengthen the partnership between OPM and public administration scholars as they jointly continue improving the survey instrument and pursue questions critical to effective governance.
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Mizunuma, Kimiyoshi. "Review of personal radiation exposure dose and history of the interventional procedure records for 40 years." Japanese Journal of Radiology, June 12, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-021-01147-z.
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Abstract Objective To inspect personal dose as an interventional radiologist for 40 years, to assess the enforcement number of interventional radiology (IR), and to check for radiation cataract. Materials and methods I evaluated my own effective dose, an equivalent dose to the lens of the eye (EDL), and the number of IR procedures between March 2019 and June 1979. I examined the lens in June 2019 as a radiologist for 40 years. Results The accumulation dose was 0 mSv in 1979–88. During 1989–93, the right crystalline lens equivalence of the value dose was measured. During 1993–96, two badge items for the head, neck, and abdomen were present. Both were distributed, but attaching to the same part and reversing occurred frequently. The EDL of the recent 5 years has exceeded 100 mSv. No association with the number of IR procedures was recognized. Posterior subcapsular vacuoles (PSV) as the early changes of the radiation cataract were recognized as four on the left and one on the right. Conclusion It is important to get accustomed to film badge wearing, and the cancelation of making a mistake in the wearing part. Radiologists should check the PSV at a stage beyond a certain constant dose.
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Loebbing, Jonas. "An Elementary Theory of Directed Technical Change and Wage Inequality." Review of Economic Studies, May 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdab025.
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Abstract This article generalizes central results from the theory of (endogenously) directed technical change to settings where technology does not take a labour-augmenting form and with arbitrarily many levels of skill. Building on simple notions of complementarity, the results remain intuitive despite their generality. The developed theory allows to study the endogenous determination of labour-replacing, that is, automation technology through the lens of directed technical change theory. In an assignment model with a continuum of differentially skilled workers and capital, where capital perfectly substitutes for labour in the production of tasks, any increase in the relative supply of skilled workers stimulates investment into improving the productivity of capital, potentially leading skill premia to increase in relative skill supply. Relatedly, trade with a skill-scarce country discourages improvements in capital productivity, potentially reversing the standard Heckscher–Ohlin effects.
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"The judgment of crimes against humanity in Brazil: Analysis through the critical criminological lens of lola aniyar." International Journal of Development Research, May 30, 2021, 47135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.21895.05.2021.
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In this article we discuss two recent Brazilian Supreme Court judgments about crimes committed during the civil-military dictatorship: Allegation of Disobedience of Fundamental Precept suit n. 153 (constitutionality of the 1979 amnesty law), and Extradition suit n. 1362, that discussed the extradition of an Argentine citizen who was convicted of committing crimes against humanity during the Argentine dictatorship). We analyze the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the (re) construction of the “criminal problem” and “criminal control” in relation to crimes against humanity perpetrated during the periods of the Argentine (1978-1983) and Brazilian (1964-1985) dictatorship. We take Lola Aniyar de Castro Thought’s, seeking some inspiration, for whom the criminology of the 21st Century is the “criminology of human rights”, and criminal control would be the thermometer of human rights. In the last part of this article, we discussed what seems to have been “the triumph of Lewis Carroll”, in the metaphor of reversing meanings: when protecting human rights is not to protect human rights, by creating an ad hoc decision-making rule from which “remembering is to forget”, and “forgetting is to remember”, provided that, from the peculiar Rule n. 42, the investigation and accountability for crimes against humanity are not allowed.
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Thorne, Marcia. "Learning for Stewardship in the Anthropocene: A Study with Young Adolescents in the Wet Tropics." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics 14, no. 1 (August 2, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.14.1.2015.3363.
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Enhancing student capacity to act for sustainability is recognised as an important strategy for reversing current patterns of environmental degradation. To achieve this, the emerging Australian Curriculum incorporates a sustainability cross-curriculum priority, designed to ensure students develop the necessary knowledge, skills, values and world views to contribute to more sustainable patterns of living. Stewardship has an important role to play in helping to develop sustainable patterns of living. However, it is not known to what extent or how the sustainability cross-curriculum priority includes stewardship.<br />This research investigates sustainability teaching and learning from an environmental stewardship perspective. Education based on environmental stewardship aims to develop an ethic of care for the natural and built world. Proponents of environmental stewardship argue that the approach is effective because it provides a foundation for the development of well-being, critical thinking and problem solving in tandem with the desire and confidence to act to maintain life supporting Earth Systems.<br />This research will apply an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design to map and review environmental stewardship in the Australian Curriculum’s sustainability cross-curriculum priority and in Year 10 students and teachers in the Wet Tropics region of Australia. Research methods will include a document analysis of the Australian Curriculum’s sustainability cross-curriculum priority; and survey and interviews to understand student and teacher subjective foundations of environmental stewardship and the expression of stewardship in school and life contexts. Subjective foundations include the existent aspirations, values and knowledge that guide student and teacher thinking and action for stewardship. Analysis and synthesis of this data, through a stewardship lens, will inform a stewardship pedagogical framework that will complement the sustainability curriculum.
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"1.D. Workshop: Food and water insecurities in a warming climate: What role for Public Health?" European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.009.
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Abstract Food and water are fundamental environmental health determinants. They are necessities of life, such that shortfalls in ready access in sufficient quality and quantity precipitate poor health, failure to thrive, susceptibility to disease, and if not rectified, ultimately lead to death. Archeological and historical records testify that large scale interruptions to food and water supplies trigger widespread social upheaval and when driven by systematic inequities in distribution, can overthrow governments. The desperation to secure survival is deep-seated. Competition for scarce resources, mass migration and conflict further generate environmental damage, disruptions to social cohesion, and can also herald novel challenges to health and wellbeing. Climate change is accelerating and with it, increasing intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves, droughts, fires, storms and floods. These interrupt food and water supplies and income generation. Unless transformative and rapid reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved, and achieved promptly, the global population will be forced to confront escalation in shortfalls. Will wealthy nations accommodate the needs of the global disadvantaged? Exposure of agricultural sectors to climate extremes is already reversing gains made towards ending malnutrition and achieving SDG1: Reducing global hunger and malnutrition. Global water insecurity is also intensifying. A perfect storm is looming with accelerated global warming against a backdrop of rapid population growth and existing challenges in ensuring water and food security for all. The combination of lethal heat extremes and intensifying insecurities in these basic human needs threatens to make many homelands uninhabitable. Humanity is creating a Climate Change Emergency, which translates to a Global Public Health Emergency. It is thus incumbent upon the world's public health community to move beyond engagement in this climate change crisis. We must step up and take leadership to protect the health of all. Is the PPRR risk management model: Prevent, Prepare, Respond and Recover, the way forward? Workshop participants will have the opportunity to hear from a panel of three public health experts from the World Federation of Public Health Association to gain a deep understanding of the relationship pathways between climate change and these accelerating health threats. Recent global disasters events will illustrate the diversity and extent of this unfolding crisis. Examples of promising Public Health Response solutions will highlight what can be achieved by applying a coordinated public health lens. This interactive session elicits audience involvement through facilitated Question and Answer discussion. Following the panel presentations, the Q&A session will enable workshop participants to explore how better engagement of the public health sector can serve to help ameliorate the risks, and build resilience through Climate Change PPRR. Key messages Interruptions to food and water security generate disease, famine, conflict and in severe circumstances mass migration, disproportionately harming the global disadvantaged, and ultimately everyone. Climate change risks food & water security and thus threatens human wellbeing. Observed effects will dramatically escalate. The global public health community must engage to protect health.
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Kaur, Simranjeet. "A Decade of Impact of Monetary Policy on Food Inflation: An Overview and Future Direction." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, June 2, 2021, 097226292110156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629211015603.
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This article presents a systematic literature review spanning the decade of 2010–2020 in a thematic fashion. It provides an in-depth analysis of how monetary policy regimes are responding to food inflation. It discusses about factors driving food inflation and the manner in which efficiency of financial markets facilitate policy transmission. Further, it explains how food insecurity is exacerbated by rise in food prices and the way high-income countries protect their farmers through input subsidies, indirectly contributing to global food price hike. It also argues that a strong monetary policy credibility can lend stationarity and mean-reversion to inflation rates. Next, it discusses the issues faced by central banks in measurement of inflation such as conflict of choice in different inflation measures and supply side constraints ranging from high farm-to-fork mark-ups to cartelization and hoarding. In subsequent section, it deals with the question whether to target headline or core inflation. After that, it presents a snapshot of various advanced and emerging countries operating their monetary policy in the presence of fiscal policy. It illustrates that the degree of fiscal intervention should be decided according to individual threshold of every country, taking into account the proportion of Ricardian and non-Ricardian population.