Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Revêtement microstructuré'
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Parisot, Rodolphe. "Microstructure, déformation et endommagement d'un revêtement de zinc sur tôle d'acier." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1056.
Full textTanguy, Perrine. "Impact de la microstructure des revêtements ZnAlMg sur les mécanismes de formation et la performance des couches de conversion sans Cr." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC007.
Full textMultiphase ZnAlMg coatings are characterized by a particular microstructure and surface chemistry compared to traditional pure zinc coatings. Its surface reactivity is different from pure zinc ones as well as its compatibility with common conversion coatings. The aim of this PhD is to develop a strong knowledge regarding conversion coatings through the comprehension of the deposition and corrosion mechanisms of conversion coatings on various ZnAlMg surfaces
Franco, Correa Iván David. "Étude tribologique à hautes températures de matériaux céramiques structurés à différentes échelles." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0106.
Full textIn order to evaluate and to understand the wear performance and mechanisms at high temperatures that take place when different chemical compositions (Al2O3, ZrO2, mullite), scales (finely structured, microstructured and submillimetric) and configurations (single layer, bilayer and volume) interact, atmospheric plasma sprayed coatings manufactured on a silicoaluminous ceramic substrate were used. The Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings correspond to the monolayer configuration, as well as the finely and microstructured scales, while the Mullite/Al2O3, Mullite/ ZrO2-Al2O3 and of Mullite/ ZrO2-Y2O3 correspond to the bilayer configuration, where the outer mullite layer is microstructured and the sub-layers can correspond to finely and microstructured scales. In the same way, the Al2O3 and AZS commercial refractories correspond to the volume configuration and the submillimeter scale, taking into account that these have also been used as references because of the high resistance to wear that they show in glass and cement industries. Subsequently, these ceramic materials were subjected to sliding contact wear conditions (5 N, 20000 rpm and 0,10 ms-1) with a ball on disk tribometer at temperatures of: 25, 500, 750 and 1000 °C. The results indicate that the wear of the Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings at 25 and 1000 ° C was by ductile deformation, showing wear rates of the order of 10-4-10- 6 and 10-4-10-5 mm3.N-1.m-1 respectively, while at 500 and 750 °C was by brittle deformation with wear rates of the order of 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1 for both temperatures, finding a slightly higher wear resistance in finely structured coatings due primarily to toughness. Regarding the two electro-melted volume refractories at submillimetric scale, they showed wear by ductile deformation only at 1000 °C, showing wear rates of the order of 10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1. On the other hand, the mullite bilayer systems showed wear by brittle deformation at all evaluated temperatures, with wear rates of the order of 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1, without showing any improvement at all because of the presence of the sub-layers. Finally, aiming to seek more economical options, as well as to give other applications to the materials studied, it has also been determined the influence on wear at high temperature of Al2O3 coatings, finely and microstructured, manufactured by the chep technique of oxy-flame spraying, as well as the same Al2O3 coatings manufactured by plasma spraying on a metallic substrate of Inconel 718, which is used by the space and aerospace industries, obtaining for both cases comparable and similar results to all those obtained previously
Con el fin de evaluar el desempeño y comprender los mecanismos de desgaste de materiales cerámicos que se producen a alta temperatura cuando diferentes composiciones químicas (Al2O3, base ZrO2, mullita), diferentes escalas de estructura (finamente estructurado, microestructurado y submilimétrico) y diferentes configuraciones (mono-capa, bi-capa y en volumen) interactúan, fueron realizados recubrimientos cerámicos por proyección térmica de plasma sobre un sustrato cerámico silico-aluminoso. Los recubrimientos de Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 y ZrO2-Y2O3 corresponden con la configuración mono-capa y con las escalas finamente estructurada y microestructurada. Mientras que los recubrimientos de mullita/Al2O3, mullita/ ZrO2-Al2O3 y mullita/ ZrO2-Y2O3 corresponden con la configuración bi-capa, donde la capa superior de los recubrimientos es de mullita microstructurada y las subcapas pueden ser finamente estructuradas y microestructuradas. Dichos recubrimientos fueron comparados con refractarios electrofundidos de Al2O3 y AZS correspondientes con la configuración en volumen y con la escala submilimétrica, los cuales también fueron utilizados como referencias debido a sus altas resistencias al desgaste a altas temperaturas en industrias tales como: la del vidrio y el cemento. Todos los materiales cerámicos fueron sometidos a condiciones de desgaste por contacto deslizante (5 N, 20000 vueltas y 0,10 m.s-1) con un tribómetro de tipo bola-disco a temperaturas de 25, 500, 750 y 1000 °C. Los resultados indican que el desgaste en los recubrimientos de Al2O3 y base ZrO2 a 25 y 1000 °C fue por deformación dúctil, con tasas de desgaste de 10-4-10-6 et 10-4-10-5 mm3.N-1.m-1 respectivamente, mientras que a 500 y 750 °C el desgaste fue por deformación frágil con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-3-10-4 mm3.N- 1.m-1 para ambas temperaturas y ambos materiales. La resistencia al desgaste en los recubrimientos finamente estructurados fue ligeramente superior debido principalmente a la mayor tenacidad tenacidad a la fractura. Para los dos refractarios electrofundidos en volumen a escala submilimétrica, el desgaste por deformación dúctil fue detectado solo a 1000 °C, con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1. Para los sistemas bi-capa de mullita, el desgaste por deformación frágil se observó a todas las temperaturas evaluadas, con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1, sin mostrar ninguna mejora debido a la presencia de una subcapa cerámica. Finalmente, en aras de buscar tanto soluciones más económicas como otras aplicaciones, el comportamiento tribológico a alta temperatura se estudió también en recubrimientos de Al2O3 finamente estructurados y microestructurados, realizados mediante proyección térmica de llama oxiacetilénica, más económica que la proyección de plasma, así como sobre los mismos recubrimientos de Al2O3 realizados mediante proyección de plasma sobre un sustrato metálico de Inconel 718, utilizado comúnmente en las industrias espacial y aeronáutica. En ambos casos, los resultados fueron similares a los obtenidos por plasma o por sustrato refractario
Lagrange, Laurent. "Caractérisation microstructurale et tribologique de revêtements composites à matrice métallique élaborés sous faisceau laser par projection coaxiale de poudre." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LAGRANGE_L.pdf.
Full textVincent, Grégory. "Textures, microstructures et propriétés mécaniques d'alliages de zinc en feuillards et en revêtement." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Vincent.Gregory.SMZ0413.pdf.
Full textIn order to improve the cracking resistance, a new rolling process is explored for bulk zinc sheets and galvanized zinc sheets. It deals with asymmetrical rolling and asymmetrical skin-pass rolling. This type of rolling clearly changes dramatically the texture of zncuti whereas in the case of galvanized coating the texture is modified to a slight extent only. This is explained by the fact that the reduction ratio is large in rolling (ranging about 50%) whereas it is small in the skin-pass rolling (ranging about 2%). In this part results obtained by the simultaneous use of the taylor model for the prediction of textures, associated to the flow line model, are compared to the experimental results. The follow-up of the texture evolution during the deformation makes it possible to validate a posteriori the various assumptions made in the models of plasticity. In the last part, the study of the grain boundaries characteristics, in particular the misorientation through the grain boundary, completes the study of the mechanisms involved in the plastic deformation and cracking, in order to specify the role of the texture (intragranular cracking or cleavage are determined by grains orientation) and the grain boundaries characteristics (misorientation across grain boundary determining intergranular cracking). This study is carried out on zinc coatings in order to correlate cracking behaviors to the orientations and misorientations of grains
Barré, Charlotte. "Etude de la relation microstructure-propriétés de revêtements ultra-réfractaires mis en forme par projection plasma : application à la protection de composites." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066385.
Full textIn order to overcome composite weakness against oxidation at very high temperature (> 2000 °C), a solution would be to coat them, which can be done potentially by plasma spraying. After a bibliographic study, a specific composition has been chosen: ZrB2-SiC. A potential additive, Y2O3, also has been selected. These coatings were developed by plasma spraying directly on composite substrates. A particular attention was given to the microstructure of the coatings, different kinds were prepared in order to look for its influence on the high temperature properties. Indeed, these coatings were tested under temperature higher than 2200 °C and a very oxidative and corrosive atmosphere. Results allowed distinguishing the most promising compositions and microstructure considering applications in the aerospace field
Bouvet, Geoffrey. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de revêtements époxy modèles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS039/document.
Full textThis work highlights the microstructure-properties relations inside representative epoxy based model coatings for anticorrosion paints. These relations have been established for the initial state as well as the hygrothermal ageing. First, we characterised physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the totally crosslinked DGEBA/DAMP stoichiometric system. These properties have been compared to the DGEBA/TETA system and they showed the strong influence of the microstructure on these initial properties. Cyclic hygrothermal ageing have been completed at different temperatures on free films, in order to measure the impact of the microstructure on the durability of epoxy systems. This work has shown the influence of the water-polymer interactions on diffusion phenomena. Moreover, the evolutions of several physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been characterised using DMA (submersible clamps), during different sorption-desorption steps. A pseudo-fickian behaviour has been evidenced during the first sorption, and it was followed by a fickian behaviour for all other steps. The inherent causes of this evolution have been proposed, by considering microstructural reorganisations of the studied epoxy systems. Other hygrothermal ageing have been carried out using EIS on coatings, in order to study the effects of the coating/steel substrate interface on diffusion phenomena, especially the role of residual stresses. We finally studied the influence of the visco-elastic stress on the coating water intake phenomena
Mendibide, Christophe. "Caractérisation de revêtements PVD nanostructurés à base de nitrures de métaux de transition pour application mécanique : aspects chimiques, mécaniques et tribologiques." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0039/these.pdf.
Full textNew nanostructured coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering as well as cathodic arc evaporation on M2 tool steel and their ability to protect this substrate against corrosion and wear has been evaluated. These deposits are either TiN/CrN multilayer coatings with nano-scaled successive layers (2D), or nanocomposite deposits formed by the dispersion of TiN nano-crystallites into an amorphous BN matrix (3D). The experiments show the efficiency of using 2D coatings compared to monolayered TiN and CrN ones. From a tribological point of view, a great increase of the wear resistance is observed, which is modelled on the basis of a different residual stress repartition in the stratified structure. From a refractory properties point of view, the better oxidation resistance is explained by the formation of Cr2O3, reducing drastically the oxidation kinetic. Concerning the aqueous corrosion, it has been underlined the importance of depositing an outer CrN layer on the coating surface, which optimises the corrosion protection, through the formation of a passive oxide film of p-type semiconducting properties, lowering the corrosion rate. In the chosen severe experimental conditions, no significant differences between TiN and the nanocomposite TiBN coating has been
Astruc, Alexandre. "Microstructure et perméabilité de revêtements anticorrosion : influence des contraintes hygrothermiques et rôle des interphases." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0008.
Full textThe aim of this work is, firstly, to improve coatings microstructure description and to study their permeabilin. The second aim is to search expérimental protocols to evaluate thèse propertîes along accelerated aging. A modei coaring and an anticorrosion primer are studied. Both are based on thé same polymer bînder DGKBA-Polyamidoamide, Filkr and pigment influence on coating microstructure hâve been evidenced by différent characterisation methods. For weak CPV values, thé présence of interphases was shown. One conséquence is thé àecrease of thé crosslink density and thé fraction of free volume. The hydrophilic group concentration and thé CPV mainly control thé binder polymer permeability, and ils degree of plasticization. Moreover, thé degree of permeability and thé thickness directly influence thé barrier properties characterized by thé évolution of thé rvres résistance Rp. Hygrothermal stresses induce a faster decreasc of thé barrier and adhésion properties than •J-. E one due to only thermal stresses. This évolution was attributed to thé cycling of drying and water absorption phases, and then to délamination. The growing of filler/matrix interface number also promîtes thé détérioration of thé barrier properties. However. Adhésion, evalualed by pull off test is less affected by relative humidiry and température variations when filler and pigment are add to thé organic coating. On thé base of thèse resulis. Some criteria may be used to evaluate thé performance or thé durability of a coating. We can adopl those are lînked to i~e degree of permeability (Rp, tp). Thé degree of plasticization and thé clusteringof water molécules at thé métal interface (Tg,/. ,)
Abouda, Emna. "Étude de revêtements durs pour la tenue à l’usure par rechargement laser dans la robinetterie nucléaire sur des fonctions de guidage et d’étanchéité." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0007.
Full textThis study aims to substitute the cobalt-based hardfacing alloys with iron-based hardfacing alloys to protect mechanical parts operating in the primary circuit of a pressurized water reactor (PWR)Firstly, a detailed metallurgical study was carried out to characterize a thick deposit on Norem 02™ produced by the laser process (Direct Metal Deposition - DMD). Compared with a classical PTA process, a microstructure refinement was achieved after an optimization of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed and powder flow-rate). However, wear tests show that the improvement of the microstructure does not prevent the occurrence of galling at 300 ° C.The second part of this study is dedicated to Norem 02™ improvement with the addition of various chemical elements. The appropriate additions to this application have been validated by wear tests under high mechanical stress (1 GPa) and at high temperature (300°C). Among a dozen samples of modified Norem 02 ™, the addition of titanium was shown to provide a complete transformation of the initial Norem 02™’s microstructure. This metallurgical transformation improved its tribological behavior with a low friction coefficient (<0.3) obtained at 300 °C.Last, the origin of the mechanical behavior improvement of Norem 02-Ti was studied and explained by microstructural analysis (MO, MEB, EDS, EBSD) and tensile tests on specimens extracted from thick coatings
Mascart, Monique. "Mise en suspension de poudres métalliques en vue de leur application par roll-coat analyse structurale des revêtements obtenus." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d0ebab09-ade0-42e4-93b2-f4cf273386f9.
Full textAndreani, Anne-Sophie. "Revêtements céramiques réfractaires à résistance accrue à l’oxydation : corrélation entre mécanisme de diffusion, microstructure et composition." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14172/document.
Full textIn order to improve material’s lifetime used at a temperature above 2500°C and under oxidizing atmosphere, a solution is to use a surfacing protection constituted of non oxide refractory materials. One of the main objectives of this thesis is to select and experimentally validate new chemical coating compositions which will be used under corrosive and oxidizing atmosphere at ultra high temperature (more than 2000°C). A preliminary thermodynamic and thermo-chemical study aims to select compounds. These compounds are then analyzed with physic-chemical tests. Coatings have to be chemically stable, thermo-mechanically compatible with the substrate and have to stick to the substrate from ambient temperature to more than 2000°C. Moreover, coatings have to act as an environmental barrier and/or as a thermal barrier.Two kinds of oxidation tests are made. On one hand, non oxide massive material’s systems are fabricated by spark plasma sintering in order to be tested at the solar furnace. On the other hand, composite models are fabricated by PVD. A carbon fiber is covered with ultra refractory metallic coating by PVD. Then, these composite models are heated by Joule effect in order to realize oxidation tests. Understanding mechanisms at work during the oxidation of these new coatings is another main objective of this thesis. This understanding will be also useful to classify these materials regarding their resistance to oxidation
Stefanescu, Anca Valentina. "Revêtement de microstructures par des catalyseurs à base de nickel pour produire de l'hydrogène par vapo-reformage d'essence." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10044.
Full textGrenier, Marc. "Microstructure et résistance à l'usure de revêtements créés par fusion laser avec gaz réactifs sur du titane." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ33664.pdf.
Full textFaucheu, Jenny. "Relations microstructure-propriétés dans des films nanostructurés élaborés par voie latex." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textCe projet se centre sur le développement de revêtements respectueux de l'environnement basé sur la technologie latex. Un latex est une suspension colloïdale de particules (10nm-10µm de diamètre) de polymère dans l'eau. . . La stabilité de cette suspension est garantie par l'addition de molécules de tensioactifs (surfactant) qui portent une tête hydrophile et une queue hydrophobe. Ces molécules vont couvrir la surface des particules de latex avec leur tête hydrophile pointant vers la phase aqueuse, favorisant ainsi les forces de répulsion. Dans les conditions adéquates, ces particules coalescent après évaporation de l'eau pour former un film continu. La philosophie de ce projet est d'utiliser ces particules (dans notre cas 100nm de diamètre) en tant que brique élémentaire nanostructurée pour construire le matériau final nanostructuré à son tour. Les latex sont basés sur un copolymère acrylate, déjà bien répandu pour une application peinture intérieure. Cependant, ces propriétés ne permettent pas d'étendre son utilisation à une application peinture extérieure. Deux approches ont été considérées pour améliorer le comportement de ces revêtements. Tout d'abord, l'ajout d'une résine alkyde susceptible de réticuler au contact de l'air, et ensuite l'ajout de nanocharges minérales (argile). Le succès de l'introduction à l'échelle nanométrique de ces secondes phases repose sur une polymérisation in-situ en présence de cette seconde phase. La voie de synthèse adoptée est la polymérization par miniémulsion qui est un récent développement de la polymérisation en émulsion conventionnelle. Il a été montré que dans les eux stratégies, la nanostructuration du matériau a une influence sur la distribution du surfactant et de ce fait sur les propriétés de prise en eau. De plus la présence d'un réseau percolant de nanocharges entraîne une augmentation brutale du renforcement
Amsellem, Olivier. "Simulations 2D et 3D de microstructure d'alumine projetée plasma pour l'étude de ses propriétés mécaniques et électriques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331802.
Full textLenoble, Olivier. "Propriétés structurales et électrochimiques de revêtements fer-silicium-carbone." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10410.
Full textDong, Shujuan. "Effet de projection de pellettes bioxycarbonées sur la qualité de revêtements élaborés par la projection thermique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982381.
Full textGay, Pierre-Antoine. "Elaboration de revêtements composites électrolytiques à base d'argent : relation entre microstructure et résistance à l'usure et à la sulfuration." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2066.
Full textZhao, Yongli. "Etude de la microstructure et des performances des revêtements céramiques YSZ finement structurés obtenus par projection plasma de suspension." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA022/document.
Full textThanks to the using of liquid carrier, suspension plasma spray (SPS) enables the manufacture of finely structured coatings. As for conventional plasma spraying (APS), the microstructures of SPS coatings can be tailored by controlling the spray conditions. However, SPS is more complicated than APS due to its number of modifiable parameters.This thesis aims to provide a more fundamental understanding of the relationship between SPS process parameters and the properties of YSZ coatings by identifying generic models based on the use of mathematical statistical methods for the study of influence and sensitivity of the individual parameters.Systematic experiments were carried out to study the influence of six parameters (plasma power, suspension mass load, powder size, projection distance, projection step and substrate roughness) on the microstructure of coatings which were also analyzed in terms of the properties (mechanical, thermal, tribological, etc.). The porosity of the coatings was studied in detail and the measurements were carried out using three different techniques: the image analysis method, the X-ray transmission and the USAXS (Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering) method. Multivariate analyzes of the collected experimental data were performed and several mathematical models were proposed to predict the properties of the coatings and then guide towards an optimization of the microstructure of the coating for specific applications.In this context of optimizing the mechanical and tribological performance of ceramic coatings, different amounts and sizes of h-BN powder have been added in the YSZ suspension. The YSZ/h-BN composite coatings were manufactured by SPS process and their analysis showed a clear reduction in the coefficient of friction and the wear rate when the size and the amount of addition powder are optimized together. Three wear mechanisms have finally been identified and been discussed
BOUSLYKHANE, KHALID. "Microstructure et propriétés mécaniques superficielles de revêtements à base de nickel déposés sur acier austénitique par techniques de faisceaux d'ions." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2306.
Full textDelqué, Mélissa. "Influence de la microstructure sur le comportement tribologique de dépôts composites projetés plasma." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266009.
Full textUtilisant la souplesse du procédé de projection plasma, notamment celui de projection réactive particulièrement développé pour cette étude, des dépôts composites présentant une large gamme de microstructures ont été obtenus. Pour cela, divers paramètres ont été étudiés : la nature des poudres métalliques projetées (alliages de titane ou de cuivre), la nature du renfort céramique (exogène et/ou endogène), le mode de projection (projection plasma réactive, mode RPS et en surpression, mode HPPS ou co-projection) et les conditions de projection propres à chaque procédé. Une caractérisation des dépôts a été menée, jusqu'à une échelle fine. Le niveau de renforcement de ces microstructures composites fines a été, en particulier, étudié par nanoindentation. Pour chaque mode de projection, deux dépôts composites ont été sélectionnés pour étudier leur comportement tribologique à l'aide d'un essai de frottement de type « pion-disque ». Cet essai a montré une sensibilité élevée à la microstructure et a ainsi permis de déterminer le rôle de certaines caractéristiques microstructurales des dépôts composites sur leurs propriétés tribologiques.
A partir d'observations métallographiques et d'analyses des faciès d'usure, un mécanisme d'usure commun aux deux types de dépôts, élaborés par co-projection et par projection réactive, a été mis en évidence. L'influence de la microstructure caractéristique de ces dépôts sur leur comportement tribologique a également été examinée.
Gautier-Picard, Charlotte. "Etude du revêtement de chrome dopé au carbone sur pièces mécaniques : Contrôle de la microstructure, des textures et des contraintes : Optimisation du procédé de pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0021.
Full textMaestracci, Raphaël. "Influence de la microstructure sur les mécanismes d'endommagement thermomécanique de revêtements à base d'acier inoxydable AISI 316L réalisés par projection dynamique par gaz froid "cold spray"." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM017/document.
Full textAluminum alloys are commonly used in the automotive industry for lightening and power gain of thermal engines. However, thermomechanical properties are not often high enough to undergo the in-service stresses while the engine is running. High performance materials are needed. A novel approach to reach these high performances is to develop specific coatings using the cold spray route. This thermal spray process is based on the plastic deformation of sprayed powders at a supersonic velocity onto a substrate resulting in so called « splats » and stick to the surface. In this thesis, thermomechanical damage of cold-sprayed 316L-matrix composite coatings are studied. Prior to the study of composites, the elaboration steps of 316L in the cold spray coatings are established. Powder and coatings are studied to determine the influence of the cold spray process. Microstructural analyse involved optical microscopy, SEM, chemical analysis EDX and image analysis. Cristallographic analyse were performed by EBSD and DRX. Interfaces between splats are specifically studies by TEM. These consist of a crucial actor in the cohesion of coatings. Then, softer powder of Cu and harder powder of Ni700 are mixed with 316L and cold sprayed to build composite coatings. Their influence on the microstructure through the creation of new interfaces is observed. Last but not least, mechanical properties of the different coatings are compared. Hardness and tensile tests are used for quasi-static loading characterization whereas impact-sliding tests are used for dynamic loading characterization. Results and the local observation of the microstructural response to these macroscopic loadings give an insight into major damage mechanisms of cold sprayed composite coatings
Vincent, Julien. "Étude expérimentale des interactions aube-abradable à très grandes vitesses : influence du matériau et de sa microstructure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0334.
Full textThe turbofan efficiency can be improved by minimizing the blade-casing gap, thus reducing the aerodynamic loss. The reduced gap conduces to contact risk between the high-speed rotating blades and the engine case. Sacrificial materials, called abradable materials, are deposited on the casing to limit the damage caused by these contacts. These interactions involve a lot of damage mechanisms, which can be adverse or beneficial to the proper performance of the abradable seal and to the reliability of the engine. The aim of this thesis is to understand, predict and quantify the different damages and the interaction forces associated for abradable materials obtained with different process parameters. A triaxial dynamometer was developed to reproduce the local high-speed interactions (50 – 300 m/s) between the blade tip and the abradable material during transitional phases. The interaction forces measurement during short-lived contacts (300 µs – 1 ms) requires a large bandwidth. A correction method based on experimental modal analysis was implemented to extend the natural bandwidth of the device and attenuate the crosstalk between the different measurement channels. The damage mechanisms of abradable materials were studied by post-mortem analysis and correlated to the interaction forces and velocity
Marquer, Mathieu. "Étude comparative du comportement tribologique de revêtements frottant à grande vitesse sur un alliage de titane : CoCrAlYSiBN, CuNiIn, et MAO." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0402.
Full textAs part of the development of a new type of anodic coating for Ti6Al4V, its application to jet engine blades roots is studied. In the event of an impact of a foreign object on the blade, severe friction can occur between the blade root and the rotor disc, both in Ti6Al4V. This work aims to evaluate, under severe sliding conditions, the behaviour of reference coatings (CoCrAlYSiBN and CuNiIn), already applied to this contact, as well as the new coating (MAO). For this purpose, a specific tribometer was designed and adapted on a ballistic test bench, allowing to measure the friction forces during the interaction and to deduce the average friction coefficient. The wear volume and microstructure evolution was sliding speed and contact pressure, was analyzed. This led to propose tribological behaviour scenarios for coatings. From these results, it was possible to conclude that the studied MAO coating is not applicable to the blade foot/rotor disc contact under severe conditions. A thermal model incorporating the reduction of the friction coefficient caused by the third body was developed but still requires some evolutions before the sliding conditions can be linked to the microstructural alterations generated. The comparison of the thermal properties with the previous results has made it possible to propose a mechanism of action, according to its properties, of the coating on the thermal and mechanical alterations of the uncoated part. This thesis work was carried out as part of the MAO Project of IRT M2P and is the result of a collaboration between IRT M2P, LEM3, and Safran Aircraft Engines
Wang, Yingying. "Electrochemical behavior of cold sprayed coatings dedicated to corrosion protection applications : Role of microstructure." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0026.
Full textCold spray is a relatively new coating technology in which coatings are produced by powders projected at high velocity. A significant feature of cold spray is that bonding is generated through severe plastic deformation at temperatures well below melting point of feedstock powders. In the present study, kinds of metallic coatings were produced by cold spray, including aluminum alloy coating, pure magnesium coating, magnesium alloy coating, stainless steel coating and SiC reinforced composite coatings. According to the manner in which the coating protects its substrate against corrosion, these cold sprayed coatings can be divided into two types, i.e. sacrificial anodic coating and noble barrier coating. The objective of this thesis is to verify the feasibility of producing both sacrificial anodic coating and noble barrier coating with high corrosion performance by cold spray, and meanwhile demonstrate the usefulness of electrochemical measurements for the characterization of corrosion protection properties of cold sprayed coatings. Besides material system, process parameters which influence corrosion performance of cold sprayed coatings were studied. Two factors, i.e. process gas temperature and process gas pressure were chosen. Results showed that higher process gas temperature leads to denser aluminum coating. Likely, higher process gas pressure improves denseness and corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316L coating. SiC reinforced aluminum based composite coatings were deposited on aluminum, stainless steel and magnesium substrate. Compared with aluminum coating, the addition of hard ceramic particle affects microstructure of coatings, and improves corrosion resistance by increasing denseness. Ceramic particle fraction and size affect coating microstructure in different ways and also influence corrosion behavior. In view of corrosion process, results indicate that corrosion protection of cold sprayed coating could be divided into two steps. In the first step, substrate is completely shielded by dense coating, no corrosion reaction occurs on substrate. In the second step, two types of coatings show totally different behavior. In the case of sacrificial anodic coating, substrate is under cathodic protection in galvanic couple; hence no corrosion (or weakened corrosion) happens on substrate. In contrast, when the coating is noble than substrate, the protection effect would be immediately interrupted once corrosive electrolyte penetrates through coating to interface. The overall results indicate that cold spray is a highly reliable alternative for production of coatings in anti-corrosion applications. Electrochemical measurements are useful tools for quality evaluation of corrosion behavior of cold sprayed coatings
Sarrazin-Baudoux, Christine. "Etude du mixage ionique dans un système à grande limite de solubilité : cas du Cuivre-Nickel, caractérisation de l'adhérence de ces revêtements sur substrat acier." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2305.
Full textRolet, Jason. "Influence de la forme de l'onde de polarisation sur la microstructure et les propriétés de revêtements électrolytiques élaborés à base de chrome trivalent." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD010.
Full textThis thesis work is part of an ambitious project handled by IRT M2P, named “Hard Chrome by Trivalent Chromium” which gathers 15 industrials partners but also 2 academic partners. The main objective is to substitute the hexavalent chromium compounds in hard chromium electroplating process before there ban by European instances (REACH, ECHA) in September 2017, excepted for those authorized. As part of this thesis, electrochemical studies were realized on commercial and synthetic baths. Thanks to this studies, a material has been chosen to act as an anode for the making of the trivalent chromium coatings ; furthermore, the utilization conditions of the commercial bath has been optimized. Moreover, another study based on transient curves allows a better comprehension of the behaviour of the trivalent chromium electrolytes regarding pulsed current. This work permitted the elaboration of pulse sequences in the form of an experimental design. The realization and characterization of trivalent chromium coatings as a part of the experimental design show that pulsed current have an effect on several properties of the coatings such as carbon content, crystalline structure, microhardness, surface morphologies an microcracking. Thanks to the analyses of the results from the experimental design, an optimization of pulsed current has been made to obtain optimized pulse sequences. The utilization of those pulse sequences, used alone or combine with some pulse sequences of the experimental design lead to the elaboration of trivalent chromium coatings which properties are adjustables depending on the set parameters of the process. To further optimize the properties of the coatings, the basis of an analysis tool based on local pH measurements are developed; this analysis tool must make it possible to select the most interesting pulse sequences for the realization of trivalent chromium coatings
Lapushkina, Elizaveta. "Anti-corrosion coatings fabricated by cold spray technique : Optimization of spray condition and relationship between microstructure and performance." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI054.
Full textAnticorrosion coatings of Zinc and Aluminium were developed by high pressure and low-pressure Cold Spray techniques, respectively. For Zinc coatings, the dependence of spraying temperature on thickness has been analyzed and the critical temperature of deposition was found at 230 oC. For lower temperatures, the coating was considerably thinner. Dependence of thickness on pressure variation 2 MPa, 2,5 MPa and 3 MPa at constant temperature 290 oC has shown the highest thickness value at 2 MPa. It was confirmed that the coating thickness tends to decrease with the pressure rise. The powder feeding rate as well as the spraying distance were also considered to influence the thickness. The optimal conditions were found for 3ps and 30 mm, respectively. Finally, the gas temperature and pressure were optimized by a Doehlert uniform shell design. Their influences on the zinc coating quality were discussed in terms of microstructure, porosity, thickness, and corrosion resistance. A maximum porosity of 4.2% was reached with the highest pressure and with a moderate temperature (260 °C < T < 300 °C). These conditions promoted erosion of the substrate and a lower accommodation of particles at the impact. Thicker coatings were obtained at higher temperatures because of better particle straining. Two optimal conditions were then identified: 320 °C–2.5 MPa and 260 °C–2.5 MPa. Macroscopic and local electrochemical experiments were performed. Higher corrosion resistance was detected for the condition 320 °C–2.5 MPa. Coatings were enough thick to protect the substrate and the corrosion mechanism was driven by the classical Zn hydroxide and oxide layers. Note that the coating roughness may be optimized later to reduce the corrosion initiation. For aluminum coatings deposited by a low-pressure cold spray method, the optimal spraying parameters according to deposition efficiency were found at 400 °C /0.65 MPa. Ceramic particles were added to densify the coating and allowed to reduce porosity from 8% to 6.4%. Instead of ceramic particle addition, laser surface treatment was performed after coating design. Laser power was not enough high to reach the surface melting, however, the coating microhardness was modified. Results showed a microhardness increase of coatings of 5% with the addition of hard particles whereas the microhardness decreased after the post-heat treatment (pure aluminum coating reduction of 39% and for composite coating 35%). The hardness reduction during the laser treatment was attributed to surface annealing and the release of internal stresses and possible recrystallization with the subsequent grain growth. Finally, the results of the electrochemical investigations showed higher corrosion resistance of ceramic composite coatings than both pure aluminum and laser-treated coatings
Anoun, Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude de la microstructure et des mécanismes d'endommagement en rayure de revêtements de nitrures de titane ε et δ élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique réactive sur substrats en acier Z 85 WDCV." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10097.
Full textErrotabehere, Xabier. "Nouveaux revêtements hybrides élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection de substrats ligno-cellulosiques : étude des microstructures et des propriétés mécaniques surface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14525/document.
Full textDuring their life, the parquets are subjected to mechanical aggressions and ageing (scratch, friction, wear). UV-curable organic coatings (acrylic) are classically deposited in several layers involving a first layer called “basecoat” and an upper layer called “topcoat”. The latter provides the scratch resistance necessary to the whole system. The coatings were prepared from liquid organic-inorganic precursors that undergo a consequent inorganic polymerization followed by radical UV chain polymerization. In the present work, new organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were elaborated via a sol-gel route and applied as the topcoat in a parquet vitrifying configuration. A structural study in liquid and solid phases allowed the understanding of the inorganic polymerization mechanisms of neat MAPTMS sol and binary MAPTMS/TEOS sols. The self-organization phenomenon of MAPTMS (nano structures e.g. octamer cages) is well-known when it is used as neat precursor. It was also evidenced in the presence of TEOS. Microstructures were proposed for these “hybrid varnishes”, the type of nano structures being dependent on the TEOS content. A local mechanical study, using nanoindentation technique, revealed the reinforcing effect of TEOS within the hybrid coatings. Their scratch behavior was also studied on two scales (“nano” and “micro”) and compared with to that of an industrial reference. On the “nano” scale, the damage thresholds (cracking) of the hybrid coatings are equivalent or even higher to those of the industrial topcoat. On a “micro” scale, an experimental device allowing real time recording of the true contact area between the tip and the sample, showed that elastic-plastic transition is postponed when a hybrid coating is used as a topcoat. Moreover we attempted a correlation between the microstructure and the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, scratch behavior) of MAPTMS/TEOS hybrid coatings, taking into account the inorganic network organization
Apreutesei, Mihai. "Temperature impact on thermal evolution of advanced PVD ceramic and metallic glass thin films : Physico-chemical and microstructural analysis." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0009/document.
Full textIn the recent years the industrial requirements to develop new functional materials able to overcome the severe conditions during machining operation are continuously increasing. Researchers then must find novel solutions to respond to their severe industrial requirements. To coat the tool surface with advanced coatings is the most efficient solution. New nanostructured materials may nowadays exhibit unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties ensuring notable degradation resistance where the surface protection of materials against corrosion, wear, friction or oxidation is a key issue, particularly when operating in hostile environments. Within the scope of this Ph.D. thesis the influence of the temperature on the structural stability of two different PVD ceramic and metallic glass thin films is proposed. The main goal consists in the development of two distinct classes of thin films, with a wide range of properties. In order to prepare these films, the project will be focused on the study on the influence of PVD deposition conditions in the particular film’s growth characteristics: chemical composition, structure, morphology and the subsequent changes in the main properties of the thin films, namely oxidation and crystallization resistance, especially. For that purpose we adopted the multiscale approach. The first part is related to the ceramic CrN-based coatings to give new functionalities and improve the tools’ surface with the primary aim to increase their lifetime. Secondly, new protective materials able to better protect the exposed surfaces against high temperature oxidation have been proposed, namely CrAlN and CrAlYN coatings as will be evidenced in this manuscript. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the innovative Zr-Cu thin films metallic glasses prepared by a PVD magnetron co-sputtering method with the objective to investigate the amorphization ability and their structural properties. Their excellent properties at room temperature have recently attracted attention as a new class of materials with great potential for engineering applications due to unique mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics (high elastic strain limit, corrosion resistance…). Finally, an important approach during the course of this thesis was the real time observation of the structure and surface modifications during heating by means of in situ methods. The thin films proposed during the course of the work could be straightforward used as surface engineering solutions to protect and extend the lifetime of the materials and components
Silva, Vasquez Katherine Lilian. "Étude par la technique d'indentation interfaciale de l'adhérence de revêtements à base Ni et WC-Co déposés par projection thermique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10088/document.
Full textAdhesion of a coating on its substrate is an important property for the use of coated materials. That is why many techniques were developed with the aim of determining this property. We use here the interfacial indentation test which makes it possible to adequately represent the rupture at the interface. One uses the load minimum necessary to create a crack at the interface to calculate the apparent toughness which represents the adhesion of the coating. ln this work, we study two coatings of NiCrSiFeBC and WC-10Co-4Cr deposited by HVOF on a steel substrate SAE 1045. The conditions of deposition are chosen to obtain various thicknesses of coating and two levels of roughness of the interface. We observed a complex mode of cracking around the indent since a network of secondary cracks appeared in the coating and along certain unmelted particles of the coating. To take into account the global mode of cracking, we introduce aIl the crack lengths into the calcuJation of the interfacial toughness. The results show that the influence of the roughness of the substrate led to various mechanical behaviors. Indeed, for the highest roughness, we obtained the best mechanical interlocking of the coating on the substrate. On another side, the thickness has apparently a weak influence on the toughness, in any case for the studied materials, this being probably related to the low level of residual stresses in the vicinity of the interfacial indent. ln conclusion, the indentation test shows once again its aptitude to study the adhesion of a coating/substrate couple
Auroy, Martin. "Impact de la carbonatation sur les propriétés de transport d'eau des matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1058/document.
Full textThe French design of deep geological repository involves the use of cement-based materials (vault cell and containers). The durability assessment over the operational phase (supply 100 years) is decisive. In operating conditions, a ventilation system would maintain the CO2 partial pressure within the disposal, subjecting concrete to drying and carbonation. The temperature (due to the waste thermal output) and drying effects on carbonation have been studied in the past. The data acquired must however be complemented. In this sense, taking into account the water transfers simultaneously to carbonation is essential. On the one hand, because carbonation is a common pathology of reinforced concrete that leads to rebar corrosion. On the other hand, because the durability of reinforced concrete structures is dependent on their water content evolution all along their service life. The assessment of water transport properties in carbonated materials, under unsaturated conditions, is an important issue for Andra in charge of the management of radioactive waste in France.Accelerated carbonation test are performed on four hardened cement pastes (CEM I, CEM III/A, CEM V/A and a Low-pH mix) at 3% CO2 content. The water transport properties of carbonated materials are evaluated using a simplified approach, requiring the knowledge of 3 physical parameters, accessible through experimental way: (i) porosity, (ii) water vapour desorption isotherm and (iii) permeability.The results highlight mineralogical and microstructural changes induced by carbonation: hydrates decomposition and calcium carbonate precipitation (CaCO3) according to various polymorphs. The high decalcification of C-S-H and the polymerisation of silicates chains, leading to the formation of a calcium-enriched silica gel, are found. This results in carbonation shrinkage, responsible of microcracking. On the other hand, the reduction of porosity and specific surface area are observed. The formed carbonates fill the pores, reducing the total porosity. In this sense, the higher the initial portlandite content, the higher the amount of CaCO3 and, consequently, the more the porosity decrease. The structure of the carbonated materials is totally different from the initial state. These changes result into a significant reduction of the water content at the equilibrium and a modification of the isotherms morphology, directly related to the microstructure evolutions. The permeability is found to decrease in the case of Portland cement (CEM I), due to porosity clogging. By contrast, it was found to increase significantly for blended cements (CEM III/A, CEM V/A and Low-pH mix), this is directly attributed to the microcracking effect which is more significant compared to porosity clogging. The initial mineralogy (portlandite and C-S-H contents) therefore plays a determinant role regarding to the carbonation impact on the cementitious materials behaviour. Furthermore, the representativeness of accelerated carbonation compared to natural one was verified. The data set acquired during this work can be extended and, applied confidently under real carbonation conditions
Fenech, Justine. "Nouvelles compositions de revêtements de zircone subsituée (Y, La, Sm, Er) élaborés par la voie sol-gel : application aux barrières thermiques multicouches." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1359/.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to prove the potentialities of the sol-gel process for the elaboration of zirconia based coatings for thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. Combined with the dip-coating process, the sol-gel route presents the advantage to induce an isotropic porosity contrary to the physical Plasma Spray or EB-PVD physical processes used in the industry, but also multilayered coatings of oxides with a controlled stœchiometry. After the dip-coating process in a starting sol (9. 7mol% YO1. 5) loaded with a suspension of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder of the same composition, and sintering at 950°C, homogenous YSZ coatings presenting the metastable tetragonal t' phase are obtained on nickel based superalloys substrates (NiCrAlY or (Ni,Pt)Al). The optimization of these coatings is mainly due to the decrease of the YSZ particle granulometry due to the supercritical drying of the zirconia gel. Results show that it is possible to adjust the final morphology of the coating by modifying the calcination temperatures of YSZ powders. In order to improve the thermal insulation of the TBCs, multilayered systems composed of erbia and samaria doped zirconia in the upper layer and a conventional YSZ coating with the required t' phase close to the interface to increase the thermomechanical properties, were elaborated. Finally, preliminary cyclic oxidation tests were performed on YSZ sol-gel coatings but also the degradation by molten CMAS oxides was studied in order to evaluate these two damaging modes
Close, Damien. "Alternative protective coatings for hot stamped automotive body parts." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0083/document.
Full textVarious coatings are currently available for press-hardened steels used for the automotive construction, mainly with the aim of providing good anticorrosive properties to the body components. In order to improve performance of the coated products in terms of hot formability, corrosion protection and suitability for subsequent manufacturing processes, steelmakers and car manufacturers investigated various alternative coating materials. Only a few solutions resulted in a serial production. The aim of this study is to proceed to a screening of the performance of current coating variants, to identify new concepts for alternative coating materials and assess their suitability for the hot stamping application. The present work is focused on the study of Zn-Mn alloy coatings. Various electroplating baths and electric parameters were studied in order to determine optimal deposition conditions for obtaining Zn-Mn alloys with high Mn contents. The deposits obtained on large-scale steel plates were characterized with regards to their crystallographic, microstructural and anticorrosive properties. The behavior of the coating materials during austenitizing treatment was studied after heat treatment to different temperatures and heating durations. A particular attention was given to the evolution of the composition, the interdiffusion phases formed as well as to the presence of oxidation and evaporation mechanisms at high temperature. At last, the forming properties of the alternative coating materials and their susceptibility for liquid metal embrittlement were assessed on the basis of direct hot stamping experiments
Grosso, Stéphane. "Revêtements architecturés de Ti, TiN et TiO élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique au défilé sur des fils en acier inoxydable : relation entre la composition chimique, la microstructure et les propriétés d'usage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI083/document.
Full textThis thesis treats of the functionalization of stainless steel wires with colored Ti-based coatings, grown by PVD with a cylindrical magnetron, their chemical and morpho-structural characterization, and the evaluation of the chemico-mechanical durability of the coated wires.First, the deposition rate and the chemical composition of the films are determined under static conditions. Cathode plasma heterogeneities are demonstrated and related to parameters such as power, pressure and polarization of auxiliary anodes.Then, Ti, TiN and TiOx monolayer coatings are grown continuously. The relationship between the color of TiN and its chemical composition is established and golden color is obtained for stoichiometric films with low oxygen content (<5% at.). Microstructures are studied with TEM-ASTAR and orientation maps are obtained with a nanometric resolution. While TiN coatings are columnar with <111> texture, Ti grains are rather equiaxed and <0001> oriented. With a 650 ° C substrate temperature, substrate elements diffuse into the films which results in Laves phase formation. TiOx is grown in metallic mode, presents interference colors and a composition close to monoxide. TiN coated surfaces display high corrosion resistance similar to 316L stainless steel, unlike Ti and TiOx coated wires. The toughness and the adhesion energy of the coatings are determined by SEM in-situ tensile tests: Ti and TiN are particularly adherent to the substrate in contrast to TiOx.Finally, coatings are architectured with the addition of a titanium interlayer between the substrate and the ceramic coating. Thus, Ti-TiOx film adhesion is greatly superior compared to the TiOx monolayer (5 to 200 J/m2). Finally, microstructural and electrochemical studies show that a key parameter of corrosion resistance is the presence of open porosity in the coatings
Darbeïda, Abdelhamid. "Mise au point d'une démarche expérimentale de caractérisation de la tenue mécanique des dépôts durs protecteurs de chrome et d'acier inoxydable : mécanismes d'endommagement sous sollicitations avec contact en relation avec les caractéristiques microstructurales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL006N.
Full textLeger, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Rôle de la microstructure sur les mécanismes de corrosion marine d’un dépôt à base d’aluminium élaboré par projection dynamique par gaz froid (« cold spray »)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM005.
Full textCold spray process is based on spraying particles carried by a gas at a supersonic speed onto a substrate. Particle deformation during impact with the substrate creates a coating. This spraying process can retain particle microstructure and produce very dense coating. This property is crucial for anticorrosion applications. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of cold spray aluminum coating microstructure on marine corrosion mechanisms. To achieve this goal, several aluminum powders (including pure aluminum, aluminum alloys and mixtures with alumina) are sprayed onto a steel substrate. Coating microstructure is studied down to a nanoscale (TEM). The coating-substrate bond strength is determined using pull-off testing. From a thorough microstructure study, various mechanisms are proposed to explain multiscale porosity formation in coatings. A numerical study using finite elements modeling complements this microstructure analysis. From particle speed (DPV-2000) and temperature (thermal camera) measurements during impact, new material models are optimized to model aluminum and alumina behavior at particle impact. Moreover, corrosion tests are conducted (including immersion and salt spray tests). The study of corroded coating microstructures is used to identify corrosion mechanisms which occur in the coating. A relationship between coating porosity and its corrosion behavior is particularly brought into light. Finally, a first approach to a technological transfer of this process to an industrial application is proposed
Portebois, Léo. "Développement de matériaux réfractaires pour applications turbines aéronautiques : étude des effets microstructuraux sur le comportement en oxydation des alliages composites Nbss-Nb5Si3 et optimisation des solutions de protection associées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0153/document.
Full textProgress in the field of gas-Turbine engines for aircrafts is controlled by the availability of new structural materials able to withstand higher temperatures than nickel based superalloys. The present PhD work was conducted in this context, within the framework of the European FP7-HYSOP project, in which Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloys are studied. From a mechanical point of view, the physicochemical properties (room temperature fracture toughness and creep rate) are compatible with the targeted temperature (1300°C). However, starting from the intermediate temperatures (800°C), the oxidation resistance of those alloys is the major obstacle to their use. In this work, two ways are investigated to improve this behavior: The first one aims at studying the effect of a refinement of microstructure synthesizing the Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloy both by fusion method and powder metallurgy route. It was shown that refining the microstructure led to decrease the oxidation kinetics at 1100°C and suppressed the catastrophic breakaway oxidation (pesting) typical of the Nb-Si alloys with coarse microstructure at 815°C. Furthermore, diffusion models were proposed to describe oxidation kinetics both at 815°C and 1100°C. The second part of this study is devoted to the development of silica forming protective coatings. Diffusion silicide coatings were manufactured by the halide activated pack-Cementation method. The various conditions of oxidation/corrosion tests (isothermal or cyclic, in air, air containing water vapor, CMAS silicate melt) allowed assessing and ranking the performance of coated systems
Santana, Méndez Yucelys Yessenia. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques de matériaux revêtus à base de carbure de tungstène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10086/document.
Full textThe present investigation is conducted to determine the microstructural, mechanical and tribological features of two different WC-Co systems deposited onto SAE 1045 steel. Microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out in order to relate their morphology, roughness, hardness, fracture toughness and residual stresses to their tribological performance. Both conventional and instrumented indentation tests were also carried to measure hardness and elastic modulus. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the surface residual stresses and the incremental hole drilling technique for their repartition through the thickness. The results indicate that both the bulk samples and the coatings exhibit compressive residual stresses on the surface and the hole-drilling technique indicates that the profile is not uniform. The WC-10Co-4Cr coatings displays compressive residual stresses, whereas the WC-12Co coating presents tensile residual stresses. Dry erosion tests according to the ASTM G-76 standard were carried out at 30° and 90° angle of impingement. The erosion rate for both coated systems was higher when the erosion test was carried out at an angle of 90°, and a combination between brittle and ductile wear type mechanisms was observed. The results also indicate that the bulk WC-Co materials with lower the mean free path of binder exhibited the lower mean rate erosion wear. Also, it was determined that the WC-10Co-4Cr coating presented a highest erosive wear resistance as consequence of both a smaller W2C brittle phase content and a higher through-thickness residual compressive stresses values, when compared to the WC-12Co coating
Calamba, Katherine. "Phase stability and defect structures in (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny hard coatings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0322.
Full textThis study highlights the role of nitrogen vacancies and defect structures in engineering hard coatings with enhanced phase stability and mechanical properties for high temperature applications. Titanium aluminum nitride (Ti,Al)N based materials in the form of thin coatings has remained as an outstanding choice for protection of metal cutting tools due to its superior oxidation resistance and high-temperature wear resistance. High-temperature spinodal decomposition of metastable (Ti,Al)N into coherent c-TiN and c-AlN nm-sized domains results in high hardness at elevated temperatures. Even higher thermal input leads to transformation of c-AlN to w-AlN, which is detrimental to the mechanical properties of the coating. One mean to delay this transformation is to introduce nitrogen vacancies. In this thesis, I show that by combining a reduction of the overall N-content of the c-(Ti,Al)Ny (y < 1) coating with a low substrate bias voltage during cathodic arc deposition an even more pronounced delay of the c-AlN to w-AlN phase transformation is achieved. Under such condition, age hardening is retained until 1100 °C, which is the highest temperature reported for (Ti,Al)N films. During cutting operations, the wear mechanism of the cathodic-arc-deposited c-(Ti0.52Al0.48)Ny with N-contents of y = 0.92, 0.87, and 0.75 films are influenced by the interplay of nitrogen vacancies, microstructure, and chemical reactions with the workpiece material. The y = 0.75 coating contains the highest number of macroparticles and has an inhomogeneous microstructure after machining, which lower its flank and crater wear resistance. Age hardening of the y = 0.92 sample causes its superior flank wear resistance while the dense structure of the y = 0.87 sample prevents chemical wear that results in excellent crater wear resistance. Heteroepitaxial c-(Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 0.92, 0.79, and0.67) films were grown on MgO(001) and (111) substrates using magnetron putter deposition to examine the details of their defect structures during spinodal decomposition. At 900 °C, the films decompose to form coherent c-AlN- and c-TiN- rich domains with elongated shape along the elastically soft <001> direction. Deformation maps show that most strains occur near the interface of the segregated domains and inside the c-TiN domains. Dislocations favorably aggregate in c-TiN rather than c-AlN because the later has stronger directionality of covalent chemical bonds. At elevated temperature, the domain size of (001) and (111)- oriented c-(Ti,Al)Ny films increases with the nitrogen content. This indicates that there is a delay in coarsening due to the presence of more N vacancies in the film. The structural and functional properties (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny are also influenced by its Al content (x). TiN and (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 1, x = 0.63 and x = 0.77) thin films were grown on MgO(111) substrates using magnetron sputtering technique. Both TiN and Ti0.27Al0.63N films are single crystals with cubic structure. (Ti0.23,Al0.77)N film has epitaxial cubic structure only in the first few atomic layers then it transitions to an epitaxial wurtzite layer, with an orientation relationship of c-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(111)[1-10]ǀǀw-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(0001)[11-20]. The w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N shows phase separation of coherent nm-sized domains with varying chemical composition during growth. After annealing at high temperature, the domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N have coarsened. The domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N are smaller compared to the domains in c-(Ti0.27,Al0.63)N film that has undergone spinodal decomposition. The results that emerged from this thesis are of great importance in the cutting tool industry and also in the microelectronics industry, because the layers examined have properties that are well suited for diffusion barriers
Gonzalez, Hermosilla Wilfrido Arturo. "Estudio del comportamiento en fatiga de un acero SAE 1045 recubierto con WC-10%Co-4%Cr depositado mediante proyección termica de alta velocidad." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10121/document.
Full textThe present research work has been carried out in order to study the influence of the surface preparation of a SAE 1045 steel substrate on its fatigue behavior after coating with WC-10%Co-4%Cr deposited by HVOF thermal spraying. Prior to HVOF deposition, the substrate was prepared in three different surface roughness conditions, in order to provide mechanical bonding to the coating. The microstructural analysis of the coated systems was carried out employing SEM techniques. The substrate surface roughness was evaluated by means of optical perfilometry and the adherence of the coating to the substrate was studied employing interface indentation techniques. The elastic modulus of both substrate and coating was determined by means of ultrasound techniques. The fatigue behavior of the substrate-coating system was investigated under rotating bending conditions (R = - 1), employing maximum alternating stresses in the range of 358-420 MPa. A numerical simulation, employing a FEM commercial code, was carried out in order to describe the fatigue behavior of the coated systems. This investigation has allowed a better understanding of the fatigue behavior of the coated systems obtained by HVOF thermal spraying and the correlation of such a behavior with important parameters such substrate roughness, coating microstructural characteristics and its adherence to the substrate
Arnal, Simon. "Influence de la microstructure sur la tenue à la corrosion des barrières environnementales (EBC) et évaluation de nouvelles EBCs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0793.
Full textCeramic matrix composites due to their high temperature stability and mechanical properties are materials of choice to replace nickel superalloys in turbine. However, CMC are made of silicon carbide which is sensitive to oxidizing and corrosive species such as water and oxygen at high temperature.CMC under this severe environment is chemically degraded and may see its mechanical properties reduced. It seems necessary to cover this CMC by a protective coating : environmental barriers (EBC).These EBCs made of rare earth silicates have to face three most phenomena: (i) diffusion of ionic species in the crystal structures of EBC (ii) the surface volatilization of the silicate induced by reactions with moisture (iii) dissolution by melted sands: CMAS. The aim of this work is to implement amethodology to characterize the influence of the microstructure on the properties of the material. A second part deal with the optimization of the performance of the materials by modifying the architecture of the coating and its composition
Boiteau-Auvray, Sophie. "Quels sont les enjeux d'une barrière de diffusion de carbure de titane entre le tungstène et le carbure de silicium, sur l'élaboration par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, et sur les propriétés mécaniques du renfort filamentaire de SiC ?" Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133104.
Full textDuda, Carine. "Compréhension et amélioration des conditions de couplage par enduction à grande vitesse entre filaments SiCcvd et alliage base titane." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012140.
Full textCes interactions entre le revêtement de carbone des filaments et le titane liquide contrôlent en particulier la cinétique de mouillage du filament et les transferts de carbone du filament vers la matrice.
Des modèles, confirmés par des observations et analyses microscopiques, ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu au cours du procédé d'élaboration et en particulier de la solidifications.
Il est apparu que le dépôt par voie chimique réactive de carbure de titane sur le revêtement de carbone du filament de carbure de silicium était un moyen efficace pour favoriser le mouillage du filament par l'alliage de titane liquide et pour contrôler non seulement les transferts de carbone mais aussi les conditions d'obtention de composites filamentaires correspondant aux spécifications attendues.
La, Barbera Sosa Jose Gregorio. "Comportement en fatigue d'un acier SAE 1045 revêtu de colmonoy 88 déposé par HVOF : effet de la distance de projection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10085/document.
Full textThe influence of the spraying distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Colmonoy 88 alloy deposited by means of HVOF thermal spraying onto a SAE 1045 steel substrate has been investigated in a systematic manner. The spraying distance varied between 380-470 mm and the deposits were evaluated both on their surface and cross section. The microstructural study was conducted by means of SEM and image analysis techniques. The different phases present in the deposits were identified by means of XRD. The surface residual stresses of the coatings were also determined employing the sin2[psi] method, the analysis being conducted on the (311) plane ofthe Ni phase, at 2[theta] ~ 93.2°. The mechanical properties of the coatings and substrate-coating systems were evaluated by means of static and dynamic mechanical tests of a different nature. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were determined by means of instrumented indentation employing a Berkovich indenter and the methodology earlier proposed by Oliver and Pharr. The yield strength of the coatings was also estimated from the above curves following the methodology suggested by Zeng and Chiu, as well as from spherical indentation tests and the Hertz equations commonly used in contact mechanics. The mechanical properties of the substrate-coating system were evaluated by means of tensile and corrosion-fatigue tests employing cylindrical samples. Corrosion-fatigue tests were carried out under rotating-bending conditions at a frequency of 50 Hz, in the range of altemating stresses of 250-420 MPa, employing a of 3 wt% NaCI solution. Corrosion-fatigue tests were conducted employing steel samples coated with hard Cr
Lee, Jiwon. "Novel fabrication of Alloy 625 and MCrAlY bond coat by laser powder bed fusion and microstructure control A novel approach to the production of NiCrAlY bond coat onto IN625 superalloy by selective laser melting Influence of heat treatments on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 processed by laser powder bed fusion A new observation of strain-induced grain boundary serration and its underlying mechanism in a Ni–20Cr binary model alloy Heat treatments design for superior high-temperature tensile properties of Alloy 625 produced by selective laser melting High temperature oxidation of NiCrAlY coated Alloy 625 manufactured by selective laser melting." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0008.
Full textIn this study, Alloy 625 was fabricated by one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and its mechanical properties were evaluated at various temperatures. The L-PBF fabricated Alloy 625 showed high strength and relatively poor elongation. Thus, some heat treatments were applied to improve its performance. A solid-solution heat treatment with a temperature of more than 1000 °C was applied to the L-PBF Alloy 625, resulting in recrystallization because of high energy stored within the alloy attributed by high density of dislocations. This modified microstructure of the L-PBF Alloy 625 sample showed the required strength under tensile testing at room temperature (higher strength than wrought Alloy 625 and greater elongation than L-PBF as-built alloy). In view of enhancing mechanical properties at high temperature, a grain boundary serration (GBS) heat treatment was specifically designed for L-PBF Alloy 625. Because this was the first attempt to produce GBS in a high-Nb-content alloy, it was necessary to understand its mechanism first. To induce GBS, it is necessary for large solute atoms to move near the grain boundaries (GBs). Therefore, the GBS heat treatment was modified for application to the L-PBF Alloy 625. The specially designed GBS heat treatment successfully induced the zigzag patterns of serrated GBs for the first time. This GBS L-PBF Alloy 625 showed improved high-temperature mechanical properties in terms of increased ductility and elimination of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect at elevated temperatures. To further improve the high-temperature property of the L-PBF Alloy 625, NiCrAlY bond coat was applied to the Alloy 625 substrate by the same method (L-PBF) for the first time to improve the efficiency of the production process and increase the resistance to oxidation. Although their different thermal properties led to many trials and errors in the manufacturing of the material, the optimal parameters for applying NiCrAlY bond coat deposition by L-PBF were set and verified to assess the potential for the process to be commercialized. The remelting characteristic of L-PBF induced good metallurgical bonding between the substrate and coating, which indicates good stability. The oxidation behavior of the NiCrAlY-coated Alloy 625 was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal shock testing; the results indicated that the novel coated material had higher resistance to oxidation than bulk Alloy 625. Therefore, the GBS heat treatment together with efficient NiCrAlY coating can greatly improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of L-PBF manufactured Alloy 625
Beaurin, Gauthier. "SIMULATION ET ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTALE DES CONTRAINTES RÉSIDUELLES DANS LES DÉPÔTS DURS NOREM DES MATÉRIELS DE ROBINETTERIE." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759226.
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