Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Revêtements bitumineux – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Bard, Edgar. "Comportement des matériaux granulaires secs et à liant hydrocarbone." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0320.
Full textZizi, Zahir. "Le système bitume-eau-solides minéraux : comportement physique et chimique, conséquences sur les propriétés mécaniques des enrobés." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20084.
Full textDiakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d’accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6571d719-9eba-4e0e-be37-58cb8a5632eb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textThe research work presented in this PhD thesis lies within the framework of a partnership between the laboratory Mechanics and Modeling of Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering (3MSCE, University of Limoges) and Eurovia, a subsidiary of the VINCI Group. The study aims at better understanding the mechanistic behavior of tack coats spread at the interface between two asphalt concrete (AC) layers. This behavior is characterized through a large experimental campaign. Then, the tests results are used in a finite element program. This program allows the pavement structure engineer to predict, on the one hand, the durability of the bonding at the interface, and on the other hand, the effect of modeling the interface behavior on the pavement response. In this research project, a laboratory double shear test device is designed and manufactured. By means of a mono-axis hydraulic press, the device allows applying a double shear loading at the interfaces of a symmetrical specimen which is consisted of three AC layers. Thus, monotonic, oligocyclic and fatigue tests are carried out at 10 and 20°C on an interface BBTM/BBSG (very thin AC layer overlaid on a dense AC layer). This interface is with or without tack coat (a cationic rapid-set emulsion with pure bitumen). The oligocyclic and fatigue tests were carried out in a force controlled mode, and lead to very innovative and interesting results. Three failure criteria are analyzed. The results clearly show that the lack of tack coat reduces the fatigue performance of the bonding (interface). Through the analysis of the results, a method is proposed, and allows predicting the fatigue law of the bonding from the monotonic shear tests results. This shear tests campaign is completed by a series of laboratory monotonic torque tests. Besides the characterization of the tack coats shear behavior, the experimental conditions where the torque and the double shear tests results are similar are specified. The last part of this work deals with, on the one hand, the effect of the interface shear behavior on the pavement structure design, and on the other hand, the effect of the repeated horizontal loads on the fatigue of the bonding at the interface. Two finite element models (2D and 3D) are developed in order to evaluate the mechanistic response of the pavement subjected to the French standard axle. Findings from this numerical simulation show that, when taking into account the horizontal loads, the fatigue of the bonding becomes predominant during the pavement structure design
Durand, Anne. "Relations entre la composition des bitumes et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation des liants modifiés bitume-EVA." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES082.
Full textSzymkiewicz, Fabien. "Évaluation des propriétés mécaniques d’un sol traité au ciment." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1120/document.
Full textThe Soil-Mixing consists in mixing a hydraulic binder into the soil mechanically in order to improve its mechanical properties. Because of its economical as well as its sustainable advantages, this method so far confined to the improvement of compressible or high organic content soils has become an attractive alternative to traditional methods for soil reinforcement, retaining walls (temporary or final), foundations and cutoff walls. But these new applications imply new requirements on the method as well as on the material. Many studies on the subject provide some answers. However, there is no comprehensive parametric study examining both the impact of soil type and the amount of water on the characterization of the Soil-Mixing material and would improve the testing methods and methods for design of structures in Soil-Mixing.Soil-cement mixtures are predominantly composed of soil. The cement will represent at most 30% of the mixture. That is why we have chosen to follow a geotechnical approach rather than the concrete approach for this project.We followed an experimental program based on a laboratory study, realizing mixes called "reference" mixes. Three sand soil and five fine soils were treated by varying each time the quantities of cement and water to observe the influence of particle size, clay content and the amount of water present in the mixes on the resistance of the material, stiffness and failure strain. In addition, soils made from sand and fine soils were reconstituted and treated to study the impact of fines and their nature on the strength of the material.In parallel, monitoring of various projects has enabled us to study the implementation of the method, the homogeneity of the material produced in situ, and to compare the results with those of the parametric study. The results of this work are the creation of abaci connecting the resistance to the cement content and C/E ratio, and a summary table of experimental data of different mechanical properties of the Soil-Mixing material (depending on the nature of the soil), and formulas for granular soils predicting the strength after 7 and 28 days of curing depending on the percentage of fines in the soil and on cement content
Ali, Bassem. "Modèle numérique pour comportement mécanique des chaussées : application à l'analyse de l'orniérage." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ali.pdf.
Full textMarc, Teodor paul. "Conception et réalisation de structures routières à hautes performances." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0214/document.
Full textThe doctoral thesis analyses certain factors of influence that, through large temperature variations, frequently have a negative impact upon road pavements, especially the bituminous layers, with a view to determine the thermal-physical properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, diffusive thermal, thermal effusion and emissivity) and to design and realize asphalt layers with better thermo-physical, and physical and mechanical characteristics.Practically, the studies highlighted in the thesis focus mostly on determining the thermal characteristics of asphalt mixtures, characteristics which help to combat the influence factors resulting from environmental conditions to which road structures are subject continuously road in the construction and repair stages, as well as during their service life. Due to being aware of temperature distribution in each bituminous layer of the road structure, the stresses occurring from variations of temperature can be controlled. The daily and seasonal fluctuations of air temperature, the intensity of solar radiation, the materials that make up the road structure layers by their geometry and surface conditions are some of the most important factors that significantly endanger the stability of the road structure.Positive contributions have been made on improving the thermal characteristics through designing and realizing asphalt mixtures in the composition of which, in addition to basic materials, flying ash was used as partial or total replacement for filler. This helps to obtain higher thermo-physical properties that have a favorable effect on physical and mechanical characteristics.Based on experimental results, some interesting and in the same time extremely valuable conclusions have been formulated opening a range of opportunities for further research in the field of road infrastructures
Attia, Thomas. "Interfaces between pavement layers in bituminous mixtures." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET001.
Full textTo ensure that road structures present a good mechanical strength, the layers that compose them are bonded together with tack coats. A new device, named 2T3C Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (2T3C HCA), has been designed in this thesis to characterise the thermomechanical behaviour of interfaces between pavement layers in bituminous mixtures. 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC) has been used to find the displacement gaps at the interface. The behaviour of different interface configurations has been studied in the small strain domain, for which a new model was introduced to describe them, and in the large strain domain thanks to monotonic shear failure tests
Arsenie, Ioana maria. "Etude et modélisation des renforcements de chaussées à l'aide de grilles en fibre de verre sous sollicitations de fatigue." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD025/document.
Full textThe objective of the PhD thesis « Study and modelling of the pavement reinforcement with glass fibre grid under fatigue loading » is to characterize the reinforcement role of the asphalt surface layer of a pavement subjected to fatigue loading with the glass fibre grid or « geo-grid ». The fatigue behaviour of the composite formed of asphalt mixture and geo-grid is studied in laboratory with four point bending tests (4PB) performed with sinusoidal waveform, at 10°C and 25 Hz. The tested specimens are 630 x 100 x 100 mm3 beams of two types: asphalt beams (non-reinforced) and asphalt beams reinforced with geo-grid (reinforced). A four point bending prototype device was designed to perform the fatigue tests on the big size asphalt specimens. The device respects the European Standards. The experimental results were used for modelling of the damage evolution under fatigue loading of the both types of beams. The damage laws of the materials are Bodin laws programmed in Cast3M finite element code. Two categories of models were conceived, respectively: one layer beam models and tri-layers beam models. Each category has a model of non-reinforced beam and a model of reinforced beam. Furthermore, Castro-Sanchez model was used to predict damage evolution and in particular the number of cycles to failure correspondent to the two types of beams
Mezin, André. "Réalisation et propriétés mécaniques de revêtements de Molybdène." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10011.
Full textBuisson, Luc. "Elaboration par projection plasma de revêtements de carbures et de nitrures pour des applications tribologiques." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0151.
Full textBenabdi, Mohammed. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques de l'interphase polymère-métal." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10111.
Full textVaillant, Stéphane. "Revêtements composites NiP/SiC électrodéposés : élaboration et caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30004.
Full textFeraille-Fresnet, Adélaïde. "Le rôle de l'eau dans le comportement à haute température des bétons." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0007.
Full textSince 1996, three fires have been counted in tunnels in Europe. During each of these accidents, the temperature reached by the structure has been estimated between 800°C and 1200°C. Beside these spectacular accidenta! situations, there are many other situations in which concrete structures are submitted to high temperatures during their regular use. Several research work has been undertaken for a better understanding of the behaviour of concrete submitted to high temperatures and the physical phenomena involved. This PhD Thesis takes ddwn as part of this research work and develops, more particularly, the role of water in the material submitted to heating up to high temperatures. At first, we are interested in the role of water inside a material crack, during heating. We have established an original analytical solution giving the liquid-vapour repartition and the stress intensity factor, as fonctions of crack's length, water molecules contained in the inner of the crack and temperature. Then, we are able to study the crack stability. In the second part, we propose to approach the studied phenomena using the non saturated porous media theory. We present a thermo-hydro-chemical model which permits to describe the concrete behaviour under thermal loading. The material microstructure is defined using a "porosimetric surface". Each pore is characterised by two radii: the pore radius and the access radius into the pore. With this description, the zone of pores saturated by liquid is astate variable. We also introduce the concept of kinetic dehydration, clearly lighted by experimental studies. An hypothesis of erosion of the solid phase by dehydration permits to link the evolution of microstructure and of the zone of pores saturated by liquid to the mass of water created by dehydration
Chaoui, Nadia. "Revêtements époxy / polysilsesquioxanes polyédriques." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4112.
Full textPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are nanometer-sized objects with an inorganic core to which are linked organic inert or reactive substituents. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the influence of POSS on the structure and properties of thermosetting epoxy-amine matrices. The effect of the addition of these nano-objects on the polymerization kinetics and on the morphology of epoxy functionalized POSS to DGEBA-Jeffamine networks. New ternary DGEBA / POSS / Jeffamine composites are prepared in bulk but also in aqueous phase. One of the main challenges of the study is the optimization of each step of the process. The morphologies show a higher degree of aggregation of monosubstitued POSS compared to polysbstitued POSS. A pre-reaction between amine-POSS or epoxy-POSS and respectively DGEBA or Jeffamine improves the state of dispersion of POSS in the final network. The study of thermomechanical behaviour shows that better dispersion of POSS particles eliminates the reinforcing effect provided by POSS aggregates
OLARD, François. "Relations entre la composition, la structure et les propriétés thermo-mécaniques des matériaux bitumineux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851525.
Full textLa, Roche Chantal de. "Module de rigidité et comportement en fatigue des enrobés bitumineux : expérimentations et nouvelles perspectives d'analyse." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0580.
Full textBouvet, Geoffrey. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de revêtements époxy modèles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS039/document.
Full textThis work highlights the microstructure-properties relations inside representative epoxy based model coatings for anticorrosion paints. These relations have been established for the initial state as well as the hygrothermal ageing. First, we characterised physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the totally crosslinked DGEBA/DAMP stoichiometric system. These properties have been compared to the DGEBA/TETA system and they showed the strong influence of the microstructure on these initial properties. Cyclic hygrothermal ageing have been completed at different temperatures on free films, in order to measure the impact of the microstructure on the durability of epoxy systems. This work has shown the influence of the water-polymer interactions on diffusion phenomena. Moreover, the evolutions of several physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been characterised using DMA (submersible clamps), during different sorption-desorption steps. A pseudo-fickian behaviour has been evidenced during the first sorption, and it was followed by a fickian behaviour for all other steps. The inherent causes of this evolution have been proposed, by considering microstructural reorganisations of the studied epoxy systems. Other hygrothermal ageing have been carried out using EIS on coatings, in order to study the effects of the coating/steel substrate interface on diffusion phenomena, especially the role of residual stresses. We finally studied the influence of the visco-elastic stress on the coating water intake phenomena
Baradel, Nicolas. "Étude de la génération des contraintes résiduelles au sein de revêtements de zircone yttriée réalisés par projection plasma sur substrats métalliques." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0993.
Full textDepatie, Jonas. "Évaluation des propriétés mécaniques et physiques des matériaux bitumineux recyclés produits par retraitement en place." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29828/29828.pdf.
Full textIn order to respond to an increasing demand for re-using bituminous materials, this study, carried out under the Research Chair i3C, has evaluated the effect of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) on the mechanical behavior of a recycled base materials for five different RAP content (0 , 30, 50, 60 and 70% RAP). The main objectives of this project were to characterize the resilient and permanent deformation of these materials as well as assessing their variability on site and provide innovative solutions for the different issues. Laboratory tests were conducted on the five mixtures and field trials were carried out on three sites in the greater Quebec area. Some aspects were also tested in the road simulator apparatus of Laval University (SimUL). The data collected in the field with the light weight deflectometer (LWD) and the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and also the triaxial cell has documented the characteristics and mechanical behavior of recycled base material. The project showed that materials with a higher RAP content are more likely to accumulate permanent deformation. Using base materials with more than 50% RAP can increase rutting problems. However, in order to overcome this prejudice, a model that relates the rate of deformation (B), the RAP content and the deviatoric stress is proposed. This new approach propose to evaluate the enhancement of the asphalt thickness needed to reduce the sensitivity to rutting of a recycled base layer.
Malki, Seddik. "Contribution à l'étude des lois de comportement des matériaux routiers : agrégats-bétons bitumeux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0141.
Full textCharif, Khalil. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique du béton bitumineux en petites et grandes déformations." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0162.
Full textFerchichi, Abdel Karim. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques de couches hybrides organiques-inorganiques en fonction de leur structure." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20113.
Full textThe object of this work is the study of the effect of a simple structural change on the mechanical properties of organic inorganic hybrid layers. The evolution of hydrolysis and condensation kinetics of the various systems was followed by liquid 29Si NMR. Several effects were studied: functionality of the precursor, nature of its organic groups, the content and size of silica particles. The evolution of the mechanical properties is studied by the nanoindentation technique and the structural characterization was carried out by IR spectroscopy and solid 29Si NMR. The results show that the mechanical properties are closely related to the connectivity of the network. A low functionality as well as long or voluminous organic groups lower the state of crosslinking, which induces weak mechanical properties. In the same way, the connectivity of the network increases with the silica content and when the size of the particles decreases
Guesdon, Philippe. "Réalisation par mélange ionique dynamique de revêtements céramiques TiB2 : caractérisation microstructurale et étude des propriétés mécaniques." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2336.
Full textMélot, Geoffroy. "Modélisation poromécanique du gonflement d'enrobés bitumineux par reprise d'eau." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1041.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the development of a numerical model to reproduce the behaviour of simplified Bituminized Waste Products (BWP) during a leaching test. BWP is composed of salt crystals immobilised in a bitumen matrix. BWP were mainly produced during industrial reprocessing of spent fuel, and are classified as low or intermediate activity long lived radioactive waste. Geological disposal is the reference solution for intermediate level long-lived BWP. Under geological disposal conditions, and after a long period of time, BWP will undergo water re-saturation from the host rock. Dissolution of salt crystals and osmotic process could lead to swelling of the bitumen matrix and water uptake.A poromechanical numerical model has been implemented in a finite element software to model BWP behaviour under such conditions. The constitutive model takes into account the impact of dissolution, permeation, diffusion and osmosis. A viscoelastic constitutive law is also used. This model is calibrated with experimental data on French simplified BWP containing a highly soluble salt. Evolution of the amount of water absorbed and salt leached by the sample during the test and swelling are carefully studied. The dependency of material parameters with porosity variation is also examined. Some homogenization method are used for mechanical parameters
Soud, Ibrahim. "Paramètres de résistance de l'interface gravier-enrobé bitumineux du barrage de la Romaine-2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28673/28673.pdf.
Full textThe resolution of the problem of interaction gravel-asphalt in embankment dams with bituminous cores requires the knowledge of interfaces behavior between these two materials. This work is a contribution in this direction. Specimens were made in the laboratory using crushed stones owing a median particle size distribution and a characteristic asphalt of the Romaine 2. The direct shear device was used to perform the tests on these samples under a constant normal stress. In addition to the effect of applied normal stress, the influences of various parameters such as temperature, shear rate and the percentage of bitumen in the interface were explored. The major conclusion that can be drawn from these tests is that the behavior of the aforementioned interface is dominated by the asphalt and the failure envelope of this interface in conditions of very low shear rate or very high temperature, passes through the origin with a friction angle equal to 38.7 °. Keywords Interface; gravel-asphalt; direct shear; shear rate; temperature; failure envelope; ACRD.
Regisser, Raphaël. "Comparaison des structures et propriétés de polyuréthanes et polyuréthanes acrylates réticulés : application à l'élaboration de formulations photopolymérisables à propriétés contrôlées pour revêtements épais transparents." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAL0010.
Full textThis work deals with the structural study of two crosslinked networks: polyurethane (PU) obtained through polyaddition and UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA). In the case of PUs, the molar mass distribution of the poly(propylene oxide) triols is responsible for the non homogeneous structure observed by AFM and viscoelastic analysis. In relation with 1H NMR spin diffusion experiments, we showed the presence of soft, three-dimensional domains having a diameter of 10 to 20 nm, embedded in a rigid matrix resulting from the percolation of topological hard clusters. In the case of PUAs, the polydispersity of the urethane acrylate oligomer - in addition to the formation of microgels arising from the free radical polymerization - allowed us to explain the wide mechanical transition observed. Finally, experiments were carried out, aiming at reducing the shrinkage of acrylate formulations i) by introducing (nano)fillers or ii) by properly selecting the reactive diluents. Furthermore, these last results allowed us to determine the volume shrinkage after polymerization associated with the presence of one mole of double bonds in the liquid formulation
Caron, Isabelle. "Effets de revêtements sur les propriétés mécaniques et la tenue en fretting fatigue d'un alliage de titane en ambiance cryotechnique." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2063.
Full textDumont, Mikaël. "Composites Carbone/Carbone 3D densifiés par imprégnation/carbonisation de brai mésophasique." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12344.
Full textBelon, Cindy. "Synthèse de revêtements hybrides organique-inorganique par photopolymérisation sol-gel." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3908.
Full textThe present work questioned the interest of sol-gel photopolymerization as a novel route to synthesize nanocomposite films from hybrid mono- and bis-silylated precursors. The potentialities of this process that is based on a catalysis promoted by photogenerated Bronsted superacids have been poorly investigated so far. Depending on the precursor nature, the sol-gel photopolymerization was possibly combined with an organic photopolymerization in a view to generate the dual crosslinking of the organic and inorganic networks in a single step. A first aspect of this work concemed the structural properties of the hybrid films: Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, 29Si and 13C solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and X-rays analysis were thus implemented. These experiments highlighted the numerous advantages of the photoinduced sol-gel process: its high reactivity, its living character, the absence of water or solvent and the local organization in the resulting films. Finally, the thermo-mechanical properties of the UV cured materials were assessed by using a wide range of characterization techniques: dynamic mechanical analysis, differentia!scanning calorimetry, nanoindentation, tribological and scratch tests. The effect of the organic moiety functionality of the precursors was thus evidenced and relationships between microstructure and properties ofthe hybrid films were established
Jacomine, Leandro. "Étude de l’influence de l’implantation ionique à haute énergie sur les propriétés de revêtements biocéramiques poreux." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/JACOMINE_Leandro_2010.pdf.
Full textThe increase of life expectancy in developed countries led to enhance prosthetic elements utilization for bone joints and dentistry applications. Depending on the patient and his pathology, their replacement may be necessary more or less prematurely, due to necrosis between bone and implant surface. The application of a bioceramic thin film onto the implant surface, followed by a treatment with high energy ions, can significantly reduce the replacement of prosthetic elements. In this thesis, we search for improve the mechanical properties and adhesion of hydroxyapatite layers deposited by pulsed laser deposition using a surface treatment of the deposit by using a beam of high energy particles. Three different doses were carried out : 5'1015 1016 and 2'1016 ions·cm-2. Improvement of mechanical properties of the layers were verified using nanoindentation and nanoscratch techniques; changes of physicochemical properties were measured by RBS, NRA, DRIFTS, GXRD and EDX techniques; and surface morphologies have been access by AFM and SEM techniques. At last, dissolution tests in biological environment have been implemented. The high energy ion implantation, applied to an optimal dose and adapted acceleration energy for a given implanted species leads to changes in topography, increasing mechanical properties and layer microstructural modifications. All these changes promote cell growth in in vitro dissolution test
Le, Bail Nicolas. "Conception, synthèse par chimie douce et caractérisation de revêtements sol-gel hybrides multifonctionnels sur polycarbonate." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0040/document.
Full textThe polycarbonate is a widespread polymer material, highly appreciated for its low density, its transparency and its good mechanical properties. This material is used for divert applications (automotive, medical, optical...) and is very competitive in terms of quality and prices. However, it displays some weaknesses, essentially due to its poor abrasion and scratch resistance and its possible degradation under UV or hydrolysis. In this context, the PhD aim is to design and develop a new hybrid organic / inorganic protective coating with silica and zirconia based precursors prepared by the sol gel process, which allow a curing compatible with the polycarbonate's Tg (148°C). Here, it is discussed on the solutions retained to obtain a scratch resistant, hydrophobic and transparent coating. It is showed that, scratch resistant protective coatings can be deposited on pristine PC thanks to a performing hybrid organic / inorganic coating by modulating its bulk properties. Moreover, results demonstrate the key role played by a phenylsilane precursor in enhancing the adherence. Nanoindentation, scratch-test, NMR and FTIR analysis will be discussed
Gidel, Gunther. "Comportement et valorisation des graves non traitées calcaires utilisées pour les assises de chaussées souples." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12366.
Full textNguyen, Van Nhan. "Revêtements hybrides à base de polymères acryliques et de TiO2 préparés par voie sol-gel : étude des propriétés thermomécaniques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0002.
Full textHybrid inorganic-organic materials based on a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-n-butyl methacrylate (n-BMA)-methacrylic acid (MA) terpolymer have been prepared by the in situ sol-gel process in the presence of tetrabutyltitanate. The whole hydrolysis-condensation process results in homogeneous and semi-transparent films with amounts of titania ranging from 4. 5 to 25 wt%. Solvent extraction results undoubtedly proved the strong interaction between the polymer and the inorganic phase through COOTi bonds. Mechanical properties of the hybrid films have also been investigated through micro hardness measurements. The Tg evolution with the titania content follows the same trend as the percentage of crosslinked polymer determined from THF solvent extraction. The rate of creep of the hybrids significantly decreases with an increase in titania content. Anticorrosion properties of hybrid organic-inorganic coating have been studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and water uptake measurements. The state of water in hybrid was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Hybrid films with 2. 3 % vol. Ti02 have significantly better anticorrosion properties than the acrylic polymer
Gutier, Patrick. "Pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive et propriétés mécaniques de revêtements duplex d'acier inoxydable enrichis en azote, carbone et oxygène." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL042N.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis, the physico-chemical and mechanical caracterisation of coatings obtained by cathodic magnetron sputtering of a metallic austenitic stainless steel target in different argon - reactive gas (nitrogen, methan or oxygen) mixtures. The metastable solid solutions which are nitrogen, carbon or oxygen supersatured, as weIl as the ceramic compound of oxide type (Fe, Cr, Ni)₃O₄, with their different crystalline or amorphous structures are studied by means of the main diffraction techniques of structural analysis and physical methods of chemical analysis. The second part of this work aims to point out the complete mechanical properties of the different coatings and composite (coating + substrat). The intrinsic properties of the different coatings were first studied in relation with the elaboration parameters and structural properties. Vickers indentation as well as single pass and triboscopic multipass scratch testing were then performed on the three type of N, C, 0 doped coatings, in order to establish a relation between the brittleness or ductility and the tribological behaviour (friction, wear)
BOUSLYKHANE, KHALID. "Microstructure et propriétés mécaniques superficielles de revêtements à base de nickel déposés sur acier austénitique par techniques de faisceaux d'ions." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2306.
Full textDalmas, Davy. "Adhérence et propriétés mécaniques de dépôts obtenus par projection thermique : application de l'émission acoustique à l'étude des modes d'endommagement." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1346.
Full textBaraket, Mira. "Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements nano-structurés à base de nitrure de chrome par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive : propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2049.
Full textThe present work deals with structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of nanostructured chromium nitride (CrN) based thin films for cutting tool applications. Coatings are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from metallic targets (Cr, Si and Ag) on static and rotating substrate holders with RF or DC bias. The influence pf plasma parameters (nitrogen partial pressure and substrate bias) on the mechanical properties of CrN is studied. In order to improve its mechanical properties, silicon is then introduced to CrN thanks to silicon coupons placed on the erosion track of Cr target or by cosputtering of Cr and Si targets; The fraction of silicon into the coatings is then increased in order to achieve the formation of NC-CrN/A-Si3N4 nanocomposite. Chemical, mechanical, tribological and structural properties are studied as a function of silicon content using GDOES, EPMA, nano and microindentation, pin on discs, scratch tests, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. Si3N4 phase is detected from 1 at. % of silicon by XPS measurements. An increase of the hardness is observed while adding silicon to CrN with two maximum at 5 and 10 at. % of silicon. The resistance to oxidation at high temperature is also studied. To improve the tribological properties of the films, silver is introduced as a solid lubricant in a multilayer structure of CrN/Ag and CrSiN/Ag in the nanoscale range. Multilayers periodicity ranges from 8 to 24 nm. The silver nanolayer and the total coating thicknesses are maintained constant at 4 nm and 2 µm respectively for all the coatings. The nitride layer thickness is the only parameter that has been modified in the multilayer coatings. The influence of the thickness of CrN and CrSiN monolayers on the mechanical and tribological properties is presented and discussed. The resistance to oxidation at high temperatures of all coatings is also examined
Zairi, Amel. "Elaboration et Caractérisation de revêtements à base de nitrure de chrome par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive : Propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00996656.
Full textChambard, Marine. "Revêtements nanostructurés d'hydroxyapatite multisubstituée élaborés par projection de suspension par plasma inductif : de la chimie du précurseur aux propriétés mécaniques et biologiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0110.
Full textDue to the aging of the population and its constant increase, bone diseases and traumas requiring repair or replacement are constantly growing (4%/year). Hydroxyapatite coating gives the prosthesis primary stability and osseointegration properties. However, premature revision of the prosthesis is necessary in about 10% of cases. Bacterial infections lead to re-operations for 1 to 2 % of newly implanted prostheses. These revisions are expensive for the health system but also for the patient. Current needs in orthopedics therefore require a mechanically stable coating in the long term and having an antibacterial character. Recently developed nanostructured coatings are of great interest to health professionals since they show increased bioactivity. However, such an order of magnitude is unattainable by spraying techniques currently used by manufacturers. Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) is a synthetic technique for accessing sub-micron or even nanometer-sized coatings. The objectives of this thesis work were to develop a submicrometric structured coating by rf-SPS in order to improve the bioactivity, and to evaluate the impact of the incorporation of antibacterial dopants on the physicochemical characteristics and the mechanical and biological properties, with a view to a potential clinical application of these coatings. In order to facilitate the implementation and improve the repeatability of the process, the impact of the suspension preparation on the physicochemical characteristics of the coatings has been investigated. The spraying conditions have been optimized to achieve minimum features that meet the standards and conventional requirements of manufacturers, such as crystalline composition (HA > 50 wt%), crystallinity (> 45 %) and microstructure (porosity < 10 v%). Then, the effects of incorporation of elements with bactericidal (Ag) and bone growth stimulating (Sr) properties were investigated and compared with a conventional plasma sprayed reference coating according to a procedure used for the development of marketed coatings. The doping elements (Ag and Sr) have been integrated into the coating in various ways, since the use of a suspension increases the doping possibilities via the liquid dispersion medium which is not used in conventional plasma spray of powder. In one case, the powder has been doped, in a second case the dispersing medium has been doped, either by dissolution of nitrates and or by addition of metallic nanoparticles. Experiments and analyzes have revealed rf-SPS coatings with interesting mechanical and biological properties compared to standard APS coatings: a similar affinity for proteins (Bovine Serum Albumin) and mesenchymal cells, and a 4 to 12-fold higher adhesion energy. It has been shown that independently of the method of incorporation, silver reacts to form nanoparticles in the coating, whose only variable parameter is the diameter, averaged between a few nanometers and one micron. The elaborated coatings contain up to 0,35 wt% silver, without evidence of cytotoxicity. Their antibacterial potential was evaluated by studying the proliferation of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. Epidermidis) and streptococci (E. coli), and it appears that the size of these silver nanoparticles has a more significant effect on the bactericidal properties of the coating than their concentration. Regarding strontium, it incorporates relatively uniformly for concentrations between 3 and 5% m whatever the doping process and does not show any effect on the biological or mechanical properties of the deposit. These thesis works are part of the REVAMITIC project supported by the Region Occitanie, and the ARCHICAP project funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and carried out in collaboration with the Laboratory of Production Engineering (LGP) of Tarbes, the laboratory Tissue Bioengineering (BioTis -Inserm U1026) from Bordeaux and the company Projection Plasma System (2PS) based in Montbazens
Jabir, Hamza. "Caractérisation à l'échelle locale des propriétés superélastiques d'alliages de titane massifs et sous forme de revêtements." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0015/document.
Full textThe superelasticity is the ability of an alloy to recover its original shape after significant deformation. This effect, due to a reversible stress-induced martensitic transformation, is highly sought after for many biomedical applications. Nickel-titanium alloys that have a very large strain recovery (in bulk and thin film state), are the alloys currently used for functional applications requiring superelasticity. However, the use of this alloy in biomedical devices is controversial by the presence of nickel, considered as allergen and presumed cytotoxic for the body. As a result, in recent years, increased attention has been given to metastable f3 titanium alloys, which may be an alternative for biomedical applications. Indeed, they have the advantage of being elaborated from biocompatible elements and exhibit a superelastic behavior. The objective of this thesis lies in the study of the superelastic response of metastable f3 titanium alloys at different scales in bulk and thin film state. Two metastable f3 titanium alloys were elaborated: Ti-27Nb (at%) alloy and Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (wt %) alloy. The superelastic properties of these two bulk alloys were characterized at macroscopic and sub-micrometric scale and compared to superelastic NiTi and elastoplastic CP-Ti. The nanoindentation was first used to evaluate the superelastic effect of various bulk titanium alloys at local scale, and in a second time, to study the effect of crystallographic orientations on the superelastic and mechanical responses at the grain scale. Finally, the mechanical and superelastic properties of metastable f3 titanium coatings were evaluated with this same nanoindentation process
Lapostolle, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de revêtements TiOx (0[inférieur ou égal] x [inférieur ou égal] 2) élaborés sur métal ou sur verre par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL046N.
Full textGui, Yunfang. "Mise au point par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive et caractérisations mécaniques et tribologiques de revêtements de phases Magnéli de titane (TinO2n-1)." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0235/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the synthesis and the structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of titanium Magnéli phases (TinO2n-1) coatings for tribological application. The thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from titanium target in a reactive O2/Ar gas mixture using a rotating and heating substrate holder.The first part of the study is based on the synthesis of titanium Magneli phase monolayers. The influence of the main synthesis parameters (oxygen flow rate, temperature of the substrate holder) was analyzed in relation with the structure and the morphology of the synthesized coatings. Then TinO2n-1/AlTiN bilayers were synthesized by the reactive magnetron sputtering and the low pressure electric arc techniques, respectively. The phase and the thickness of the top layer of titanium oxide and the thickness of the under layer AlTiN were selected as the parameters to be studied.The second part concerns the mechanical properties (nano hardness instrumented, elasticity modulus, Mercedes test and scratch test) and tribological properties (pin on disc test) of the monolayer and bilayer coatings. Particular attention was paid to the influence of the friction test temperature on the bilayer coatings wear rates
Voirin, Jean. "Utilisation des calcaires du Bajocien lorrain moyen en techniques routières." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0093_VOIRIN.pdf.
Full textThis work looks at the use of aggregates taken from limestone formations in the Lorraine Bajocian banks for road subbases. Economic studies show that the use of carbonate rock keeps growing in Lorraine, surpassing traditional materials to the point of being the major resource for road building. This manuscript displays how these materials don't cause any particular technical difficulties in this field even though they have a wide range of aspects. However, the formulation must be well adapted and binder use is preferable. The limestone from massive rock has good adhesion properties with the matrix, especially if the hydraulic binder contains slag. A kinetic study of the setting of these mixes proves that standard equivalence coefficients, for the estimation of final performances, used now are not adapted to limestone, which reacts chemically. As to pertains to the elaboration of the limestone mixes, we confirm that the standard gradings are pertinent until an eventual improvement of recomposition methods based on aggregate stacking theory is established
Errotabehere, Xabier. "Nouveaux revêtements hybrides élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection de substrats ligno-cellulosiques : étude des microstructures et des propriétés mécaniques surface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14525/document.
Full textDuring their life, the parquets are subjected to mechanical aggressions and ageing (scratch, friction, wear). UV-curable organic coatings (acrylic) are classically deposited in several layers involving a first layer called “basecoat” and an upper layer called “topcoat”. The latter provides the scratch resistance necessary to the whole system. The coatings were prepared from liquid organic-inorganic precursors that undergo a consequent inorganic polymerization followed by radical UV chain polymerization. In the present work, new organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were elaborated via a sol-gel route and applied as the topcoat in a parquet vitrifying configuration. A structural study in liquid and solid phases allowed the understanding of the inorganic polymerization mechanisms of neat MAPTMS sol and binary MAPTMS/TEOS sols. The self-organization phenomenon of MAPTMS (nano structures e.g. octamer cages) is well-known when it is used as neat precursor. It was also evidenced in the presence of TEOS. Microstructures were proposed for these “hybrid varnishes”, the type of nano structures being dependent on the TEOS content. A local mechanical study, using nanoindentation technique, revealed the reinforcing effect of TEOS within the hybrid coatings. Their scratch behavior was also studied on two scales (“nano” and “micro”) and compared with to that of an industrial reference. On the “nano” scale, the damage thresholds (cracking) of the hybrid coatings are equivalent or even higher to those of the industrial topcoat. On a “micro” scale, an experimental device allowing real time recording of the true contact area between the tip and the sample, showed that elastic-plastic transition is postponed when a hybrid coating is used as a topcoat. Moreover we attempted a correlation between the microstructure and the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, scratch behavior) of MAPTMS/TEOS hybrid coatings, taking into account the inorganic network organization
Lamothe, Sébastien. "Endommagement d'un enrobé bitumineux partiellement saturé en eau ou en saumure soumis à des sollicitations cycliques de gel-dégel et mécaniques." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0008/document.
Full textDuring winter and spring in the province of Quebec, hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement could be subjected to sever conditions over their design life. These conditions are: 1) rainfall and snowmelt, which generates the partial saturation of the HMA, 2) winter maintenance requiring the presence of de-icing salt, which acting chemically on HMA, 3) traffic, which acting mechanically on HMA, and 4) temperature changes and presence of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) creating thermal stress and deformation (thermo-mechanical coupling) within the pavement, and pressure, within the material, generated by freezing water or brines. More specifically, the literature review of this work focuses on the study of: 1) severe conditions such as climatic, chemical and mechanical solicitations, 2) physical characteristics of HMAthat affect its durability, mechanical properties (viscoelastic and fatigue) and thermomechanical properties (coefficient of thermal contraction).An experimental laboratory program was conducted to verify the influence of these severe conditions on the degradation and behavior of HMA. First, thermal testing (-18 to +23°C), including freeze-thaw cycles (FTC, -18 to +10°C) were performed on samples under dry (D)and partially saturated (PS), with water or brine, states. The samples were instrumented with an axial gauge and two thermocouples. During FTC (-18 to +10°C), sample partially saturated with water, compared to those partially saturated with brines, is subject to expansions and contractions significantly greater during formation and melting of ice. In the temperature range from +10 to +23°C, the linear coefficients of thermal contraction of partially saturated samples are quite similar, but higher than that of HMA in dry state. At such temperature range, this implies that the partially saturated HMA contracts and expands a little more than that in dry state. Secondly, the samples were subjected to mechanical testing.The complex modulus test was performed in order to evaluate the damage of samples due to FTC. The test results and rheological model 2S2P1D were used to simulate the behavior of the HMA according to the various states. Over FTC, damage is observed for all samples, butmuch higher for the PS sample with water. Moreover, for PS samples, a distinct behavior is observable below and above the solidification temperature of the liquid. Finally, the study of the fatigue behavior of HMA under PS, with water, and D states is performed. At +10°C and 10Hz, only slight decreases were observed for complex modulus (3%) and fatigue (ε6 = 105 vs 109μstrain) for HMA partially saturated with water. These small decreases are due to the low period of immersion of samples in water, lowers temperatures of water and test, low void content of the samples, modified bitumen and good aggregates used
Chemin, Nicolas. "Propriétés mécaniques de films hybrides nanocomposites : étude du rôle des interfaces sur le système PHEMA-Silice-Nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066584.
Full textMalassenet, Lise. "De l’étude des paramètres physico-mécaniques des revêtements vers le développement de finitions performantes sur bois en extérieur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0204.
Full textWood used outdoors is subject to aesthetic damages and to dimensional variations due to alternation of dry and wet periods. Therefore, a protection with a coating is recommended. Coatings need to be soft enough to follow variations of wood and at the same time hard enough to be able to withstand possible damages (impact). Hence, mechanical properties of coatings play a major role in their service life. However in Europe, coating performances are mainly assessed through weathering tests followed by visual assessments, color and gloss measurements and adherence tests. The aim of this work is to develop a thorough methodology to assess coating performances in order to better understand the resistance of coatings to weathering. The final objective of this project is an industrial development of innovating wood coatings for outdoors with good performances to weathering during their service life. Through our study, performances of commercial coating were assessed using conventional standardized tests from the EN 927 series but also with other methods in order to gain an extensive understanding of their physic-mechanical properties. Hence, damping and indentation tests on coated wood were investigated as well as tensile tests on free films. Persoz pendulum was particularly used as a tool to approach easily and quickly mechanical properties of coatings. This work established a link between damping test results and coating performances exposed to artificial and natural weathering. Tensile tests on free films have supported these results as a good correlation between damping hardness and some mechanical properties was found. Last but not least, the analysis of damping hardness variations versus weathering time has lead to a better understanding in the development of damages and to the establishment of performance specifications. These results allowed us to select and formulate new UV-curing formulations for outdoors. They are made of a mixture of monomers and oligomers combined with photoinitiators. At this stage, the methodology developed to assess performances has allowed the selection of the best constituents to ensure good performances to weathering
Dieudonné, Xavier. "Etude d'empilements multicouches colloidaux préparés par voie sol-gel : propriétés optiques et mécaniques." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4022/document.
Full textMain optical deposition processes, physical vapor deposition or sol-gel, exhibit difficulties of achieving thick coatings (>1 µm) and to build multilayer stacks (dielectric mirrors, polarizers). For these reasons, we have studied the conditions to enable a significative increase of deposited sol-gel films thickness. Three main parameters have been evidenced enabling the control of the stacking ability : single layer deposited thickness, chemical interactions beetween nanoparticles and coating drying time. We have shown that these parameters depend on the sol composition and on deposition conditions (process) and that the microstructure of single material stacking is influenced. Optical and mechanical properties of sol-gel films have been studied and optimized regarding these different material and process parameters. For this reason, optical and mechanical characterization techniques have been specifically developed and can now be used for fragile and thin film characterization. In controlling all these parameters, it is now possible to prepare multilayer colloidal stack with high thicknesses enabling the fabrication of high-performance mirrors and polarizers
Bianchi, Luc. "Projection par plasma d'arc et plasma inductif de dépots céramiques : nécanismes de formation de la première couche et relation avec les propriétés mécaniques des dépots." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0048.
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