Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Revêtements (Voirie)'
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Domec, Vincent. "Endommagement par fatigue des enrobés bitumineux en condition de trafic simulé et de température." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13117.
Full textColandini, Valérie. "Effets des structures réservoirs à revêtement poreux sur les eaux pluviales, qualité des eaux et devenir des métaux lourds." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3002.
Full textPouteau, Bertrand. "Durabilité mécanique du collage blanc sur noir dans les chaussées." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2138.
Full textFor the last ten years, two new composite pavement structures (whitetopping –i. E. Thin concrete slabs over existing rutted asphalt pavement– and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement, CRCP, over asphalt sub-base) have raised a significant interest. Based on the association of a concrete layer bonded to an asphalt sub-base, they lead to a reduction of the layers thickness and cost. A long-lasting bond is essential. This work deals with the mechanical study of the bond fatigue lifespan. Firstly, the bibliographical analysis focuses on the way this bond is deteriorated in such structures submitted to traffic. Cracks induced by the restrained shrinkage of the concrete layer can initiate and propagate debonding. Secondly, a mechanical fatigue test simulates this way of deterioration in laboratory. Interface blasting leads to a more lasting bond. A mechanical analysis of the test is also proposed. Thirdly, a non destructive survey method of the bond quality, based on the use of mechanical wave propagation, is developed. Eventually, full scale experiments analysis provide two evolution of bond. The RN4 experiment aims to measure the growth of an initial fracture at the interface between the concrete layer and the asphalt sub-base under real traffic conditions. After 2 years of traffic, no propagation of the fracture is noticed. For the second full scale experiment, a pavement structure model, constituted of thin layers and wide opened cracks, the awaited way of deterioration (delamination initiated from the vertical crack) is observed after 1 million cycles applied by the accelerated pavement loading facility FABAC
Bécot, François-Xavier. "Tyre noise over impedance surfaces : efficient application of the equivalent sources method." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to understand and to control the mechanisms of the tyre radiation, by designing efficient prediction tools for the propagation of the tyre / road noise over arbitrary impedance surfaces. Tyre radiation is modelled using the Equivalent Sources method. A model for the ground effects induced from a given impedance plane is developed for sources having arbitrary directivity. Moreover, the exact solution to the two-dimensional problem is derived. Based on the two previous prediction tools, an iterative model is developed for the tyre radiation over an arbitrary impedance surface. Using this model, a parametrical study examines the tendencies of tyre radiation over absorbing surfaces. The present work allows to study the possibilities of traffic noise reduction, particularly by the use of so-called silent road surfaces
Neji, Jamel. "Fissuration des chaussées semi-rigides : expérience et modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0246.
Full textBoishardy, Vincent. "Utilisation de revêtements économiques pour les routes locales et les routes d'accès aux ressources." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38113.
Full textEconomic pavements represent advantageous solutions, especially at the functional level, for local roads and access roads to resources. However, there are few tools to quantify their effects in order to support the technical decisions of managers.The project’s objective is to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the socio-economic advantages of laying an economic pavement on an unpaved roadway. Roads in question are low-volume roads, which represent more than three quarters of Canada’s road network. Three types of economic coatings are studied: chip seal, hot mix asphalt and microsurfacing. The increase of the rigidity granted by the waterproofing of the foundation as well as the surface cohesion is determined as a result of this study. The rigidity of the foundations is measured by in situ tests carried out with the dynamic cone penetrometer under different water conditions. Thus, a relative elongation of a lifetime is quantified by finite element deformation modelling with GeoStudio software coupled with an empirical prediction analyst of damage method. An analysis of these results makes it possible to conclude that the implementation of a bitumen emulsion based economic coating, 20 millimetres thick, allows the reduction of the water content in the foundation by at least 30% and increases the service life of the road from 58% to 75% depending on the type of load. A comparison of life-cycle costs is thus made between a pavement with a chip seal (layer of aggregates coated with bituminous emulsion) and an unpaved surface using realistic maintenance scenarios that are consistent with the Quebec context. Considering the construction’s costs, maintenance and use of these pavements: it is demonstrated that the implementation of a coating results in a financial gain. This gain depends on many parameters that are detailed. In this context of a large Quebec province where resources are far away, the race for development imposes effective and economically viable techniques to increase the mobility of human and material resources. This study shows that certainthin coatings make it possible to ensure structural stiffness of pavements, thus prolonging their service life while reducing the associated costs.
Turki, Kamel. "Approche des problèmes non réversibles des chaussées par le calcul avec éléments finis." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0179.
Full textBentarzi, Younes. "Conception d'un nouvel éco-matériau à utiliser en chaussées perméables et épuratoires dans les zones urbaines." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6016.
Full textThe work of this thesis deals mainly with environmental protection and resource conservation. An innovative solution is developed in the field of sustainable stormwater management by designing a new material used as permeable and purificating pavement in urban areas with low traffic, such as parking lot. The material is a mixture of crushed concrete which provides the skeleton of the drainage structure, and compost that plays the role of pollution retention and its biological treatment. For the hydrodynamic characterization of this new material, we designed a pilot experimental laboratory. Experiments were conducted in a saturated media to measure the hydraulic conductivity of the crushed concrete, and the ones of the new material which is composed of crushed concrete mixed with 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% of compost. We conducted, thereafter, tracing experiments for the five mixture proportions. These experiments were conducted under steady flow and continuous conditions in an unsaturated media. The experimental approach adopted for this study is an analysis of statistical moments (Residence Time Distribution). Tracing was performed using a conservative tracer (NaCl). These laboratory experiments were followed by a modeling work using a computer code CXFIT to estimate the solute transport parameters in laboratory scale. Further, we designed an experimental plat form in situ, to study the hydraulic behavior and purificating power of the new material under real climatic (stormwater) and mechanical (car’s parking) load conditions. The primarily results show that the mixture 90/10 (consisting of 90% of crushed concrete and 10% of Compost) has the high retention of stormwater
St-Jacques, Michèle. "Des aménagements routiers sécuritaires et des techniques routières urbaines dans une perspective de gestion durable de la voirie : le cas du Québec." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2018/document.
Full textFor years, the development and maintenance of urban road systems responded to a continuous increase in automobile traffic by extending the network, with the blacktop for asphalt pavements taking the lead. However, the road now serves a wide variety of users, which it must now satisfy even as it struggles to meet their competing end goals. The road must enhance the landscape, while adequately serving the surrounding communities. Road design must be realized in a manner that allows drivers to perform what is expected of them naturally. Coloured bituminous surfaces can be used to create urban atmospheres, to reinforce the identity of a city, to facilitate the reading of spaces, to support the cohabitation of different users and to identify different places. Several new road engineering measures, such as roundabouts, parking, traffic signs and traffic calming measures, are now available to urban planners, traffic engineers and road designers. Furthermore, in the framework of sustainable development, new road techniques have emerged, including coloured bituminous pavements and a variety of warm mix asphalt techniques. This thesis, wich is based on thirty years of research, teaching, accomplishments and observations from around the world, presents these new road management measures and materials
Tachon, Nadine. "Nouveaux types de liants routiers à hautes performances, à teneur en bitume réduite par addition de produits organiques issus des agroressources." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00002719/01/tachon.pdf.
Full textBitumen and its use in road engineering have been studied to substitute flux oil by biomass byproducts. Adding vegetable oil emulsion stabilized by natrium oleat to hot bitumen enables bituminous binder foam expansion. By optimizing surfactant rate, water to oil ratio and water quantity, we formulated an emulsion allowing formation of bituminous foam and expansion ratio increase. This binder in foaming form, was used at a lower than 120°C temperature to prepare bituminous coatings or to reuse old bituminous coatings. The vegetable oil, part of the binder, should reactivate old bitumen. Some experiments carried out on old bituminous coatings have shown the potential of this new binder. An advanced analytical study with high resolution mass spectrometry have been carried out
Diakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d’accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6571d719-9eba-4e0e-be37-58cb8a5632eb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textThe research work presented in this PhD thesis lies within the framework of a partnership between the laboratory Mechanics and Modeling of Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering (3MSCE, University of Limoges) and Eurovia, a subsidiary of the VINCI Group. The study aims at better understanding the mechanistic behavior of tack coats spread at the interface between two asphalt concrete (AC) layers. This behavior is characterized through a large experimental campaign. Then, the tests results are used in a finite element program. This program allows the pavement structure engineer to predict, on the one hand, the durability of the bonding at the interface, and on the other hand, the effect of modeling the interface behavior on the pavement response. In this research project, a laboratory double shear test device is designed and manufactured. By means of a mono-axis hydraulic press, the device allows applying a double shear loading at the interfaces of a symmetrical specimen which is consisted of three AC layers. Thus, monotonic, oligocyclic and fatigue tests are carried out at 10 and 20°C on an interface BBTM/BBSG (very thin AC layer overlaid on a dense AC layer). This interface is with or without tack coat (a cationic rapid-set emulsion with pure bitumen). The oligocyclic and fatigue tests were carried out in a force controlled mode, and lead to very innovative and interesting results. Three failure criteria are analyzed. The results clearly show that the lack of tack coat reduces the fatigue performance of the bonding (interface). Through the analysis of the results, a method is proposed, and allows predicting the fatigue law of the bonding from the monotonic shear tests results. This shear tests campaign is completed by a series of laboratory monotonic torque tests. Besides the characterization of the tack coats shear behavior, the experimental conditions where the torque and the double shear tests results are similar are specified. The last part of this work deals with, on the one hand, the effect of the interface shear behavior on the pavement structure design, and on the other hand, the effect of the repeated horizontal loads on the fatigue of the bonding at the interface. Two finite element models (2D and 3D) are developed in order to evaluate the mechanistic response of the pavement subjected to the French standard axle. Findings from this numerical simulation show that, when taking into account the horizontal loads, the fatigue of the bonding becomes predominant during the pavement structure design
Racana, Nicolas. "Etude du comportement mécanique d'un massif en sol renforcé par géotextile cellulaire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21406.
Full textParison, Sophie. "Urban Materials and Evaporative Cooling for Heat Mitigation in Cities : Adapting Pavement-Watering to Different Parisian Pavements." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7051.
Full textThis manuscript examines the use of pavement-watering as a heat mitigation strategy and climate change adaptation tool for cities. The method is fine-tuned for traditional and cool paving materials in order to limit the water footprint of the technique. The first Part of this research is based on field measurements gathered form watering campaigns in Paris from 2013 to 2018. A suited statistical analysis method is proposed in order to determine the microclimatic effects of watering, including effects on air temperature and pedestrian thermal stress using the Universal Thermal Climate Index. Two watering protocols are compared to determine the influence of the surface area being watered on the efficiency and duration of pavement-watering.Secondly, a laboratory experiment is used to compare the thermal behaviour of realistic paving structures under heat-wave like conditions. The pavement undergoes a 24-h climate cycle and watering can be enabled at a fixed frequency. On the basis of surface and in-depth temperature and heat flux measurements, using the surface heat budget, the evaporative cooling flux is determined for each tested watering rate. Results obtained on an asphalt road structure with the lab protocol are compared to field results. Finally, the lab protocol is applied to twelve traditional and cool pavements under dry and watered conditions. Watering is fine-tuned for each structure to maximize cooling and minimize the water consumption using two linear cooling regimes. Driving parameters influencing the optimization of the evaporative cooling versus the watering rate are determined. The surface heat budget and the partitioning of irradiance into conductive, convective, radiative and cooling fluxes are analysed for each paving structure. In the end, the benefits of each pavement, the efficiency of the method and the limitations of the lab protocol are discussed.This research intends to provide useful information for decision-makers considering the use of pavement-watering or cool pavements as heat mitigation strategy. Future work should principally investigate the microclimatic effects of cool pavements combined with pavement-watering to confront lab results to field studies. Those should come with an adapted experimental design, while associated statistical procedures may also require improvements in the future
Audo, Mariane. "Evaluation du potentiel rhéologique d'huiles issues de microalgues pour des applications en tant que matériaux de substitution aux bitumes." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2038.
Full textAsphalt is a petroleum-based product used mostly as a binder in road pavement. Because the worldwide petroleum production appears to have come to a stand still, it might become difficult to answer the need in asphalt. That’s why the search for new materials has become of highest importance. This thesis deals with a new biomass : microalgae, and the focus has been made on the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. . From this specie, 22% of a lipid fraction can be extracted. This fraction, made of free fatty acids and aliphatic biopolymer, shows some interesting viscoelastic behavior, similar to the one of petroleum bitumen. Switching this extracting process to hydrothermal liquefaction, which occurs in aqueous media, almost 50% of the biomass can be turned into a bio-oil. Rheological properties of those bio-oils seem to be correlated to the experimental conditions, even though no proof has been provided yet
Ali, Bassem. "Modèle numérique pour comportement mécanique des chaussées : application à l'analyse de l'orniérage." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ali.pdf.
Full textMarc, Teodor paul. "Conception et réalisation de structures routières à hautes performances." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0214/document.
Full textThe doctoral thesis analyses certain factors of influence that, through large temperature variations, frequently have a negative impact upon road pavements, especially the bituminous layers, with a view to determine the thermal-physical properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, diffusive thermal, thermal effusion and emissivity) and to design and realize asphalt layers with better thermo-physical, and physical and mechanical characteristics.Practically, the studies highlighted in the thesis focus mostly on determining the thermal characteristics of asphalt mixtures, characteristics which help to combat the influence factors resulting from environmental conditions to which road structures are subject continuously road in the construction and repair stages, as well as during their service life. Due to being aware of temperature distribution in each bituminous layer of the road structure, the stresses occurring from variations of temperature can be controlled. The daily and seasonal fluctuations of air temperature, the intensity of solar radiation, the materials that make up the road structure layers by their geometry and surface conditions are some of the most important factors that significantly endanger the stability of the road structure.Positive contributions have been made on improving the thermal characteristics through designing and realizing asphalt mixtures in the composition of which, in addition to basic materials, flying ash was used as partial or total replacement for filler. This helps to obtain higher thermo-physical properties that have a favorable effect on physical and mechanical characteristics.Based on experimental results, some interesting and in the same time extremely valuable conclusions have been formulated opening a range of opportunities for further research in the field of road infrastructures
Cortier, Olivier. "Quantification des bénéfices des revêtements perméables. Modélisation à l'échelle de la structure et du bassin versant." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC247/document.
Full textPermeable pavements are developing in France and abroad as a promising response to the growing issues of ground protection and the improvement of the water cycle in urban areas. The development of pervious concrete within the laboratory of ESITC Caen had highlighted the need to quantify the contributions of the permeable pavement, and thus meeting the expectations of local authorities and encouraging the use of these techniques by urban planners. In this purpose, this Phd aims at describing the hydrological mechanisms of the permeable pavements and quantifying their benefits on surface runoff. Two models were developed to respond to these objectives. The first one allows modeling the hydrological processes inside permeable pavement structures with a physically-based approach, which solves RICHARD’s law with a finite element method. This modeling enables the understanding of the influence of the properties of the structure and its environment on its performances. Results have led to the proposal of a conceptual representation of permeable structures. The second model allows modeling the hydrological behavior of an urban catchment with an agent-based approach. Various scenarios of permeable pavement implemantations were simulated on a real study site located at Ouistreham in Normandy. The analysis of this model enables the quantifying of the benefits of the implementation of permeable pavements on surface runoff. Results highlight the link between the permeable surface on the impermeable surface ratio and the reduction of runoff. They emphasize the importance of dispersing permeable pavement areas to maximize their benefits
Bannier, Amaury. "Contrôle de la traînée de frottement d'une couche limite turbulente au moyen de revêtements rainurés de type riblets." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066286/document.
Full textEconomical constrains and environmental requirements lead the transportation industry to progress towards energy expenditure reduction. Efforts are especially focused on the skin-friction drag. Friction drag, while due to viscosity, is greatly amplified by turbulent motions. The ability to manipulate the complex and chaotic near-wall turbulent fluctuations thus offers prospects for substantial energy saving, but also requires a solid understanding of the physical phenomena.Among the most promising control strategies, the present manuscript focuses on riblet-covered surfaces. Even though their drag-reducing capability has been observed from decades, the mechanisms by which they interact with the near-wall turbulent motions still need to be clarified. Towards these ends, a numerical method for ensuring their proper simulation is developed. The virtual origin—interpreted as the equivalent flat wall location—is redefined, which highlights a strong similarity between the controlled and the canonical flows. As a practical interest, this similarity enables an improved evaluation of the drag reduction capabilities achievable at high Reynolds numbers.Additionally, the promising potential for three-dimensional riblets is examined. Based on the scattered precursory results of the literature, we intend to come up with a design which demonstrates optimal drag reduction capabilities under the constraint of industrial feasibility. For each of the prospected innovative designs, the numerical simulations accurately reveal that the potential profit on skin-friction is consistently exceeded by the harmful influence of pressure stresses
Martínez, Juan Luis. "Contribution au dimensionnement rationnel des structures de chaussées souples et inverses : comportement des graves non traitées et des sols support." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20271.
Full textSegui, Pauline. "Elaboration de liants hydrauliques routiers à base de pouzzolane naturelle ou de cendre volante de papeterie." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1390/.
Full textModern concerns lead us to maintain and expand our communication routes while preserving natural resources. In this context, the use of hydraulic road binders (HRB) during excavation works allows the use of in place materials having initially poor geotechnical properties. This thesis work deals with the valorization of a wastepaper sludge ash (WSA), industrial by-product from recycled paper, and a natural pozzolan as key components of new HRB. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of these materials was carried out. Their reactivity with lime and gypsum was evaluated using a new chemical test method developed to assist the HRB design. If this method remains to be optimized, it allows the design of HRB using pozzolan or WSA without clinker. Finally, the performance of HRB, formulated by the developed chemical test method or with a part of CEM I, were characterized on mortars and treatment of two clay soils. An environmental assessment of a binder containing a majority of WSA finishes the study
De, bortoli Anne. "Pour un entretien routier durable : Prise en compte des conséquences de l’interaction chaussée-véhicule dans l’aide à la décision des politiques de resurfaçage – illustration par un cas autoroutier français." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1165.
Full textAs the principal conveyor of transportation, roads are a determinant of population well-being. Nevertheless, the budgets for the maintenance of public infrastructure keep on shrinking in most countries, along with the overall quality of road pavements. Literature has shown that a substantial surface deterioration leads to road vehicle overconsumption - in fuel, tires and suspension spare parts – with financial, macroeconomic, social and environmental impacts. Thus, considering road pavement-vehicle interactions is crucial to maintain roads in a sustainable way: we developed such a method to compare pavement resurfacing programs on a sustainable point of view for French intercity roads.First, an analytical then systemic approach led to an inventory of the stakeholders of road maintenance, and to develop indicators to quantify the impacts of different pavement overlay strategies on these stakeholders. The eleven indicators chosen to assess the sustainability of road maintenance are: the discounted expenses for the road manager; the discounted expenses and the time spent for the users; the road noise and health damages to local communities; the damages to non-renewable resources and to biodiversity for the environment; the national production and employment, the tax collection and the overall cost for the Nation.This assessment model is integrated, on the life-cycle. The calculation of indicators combines well-known methods used in other sectors and adapted to the studied subject: environmental life-cycle and life-cycle cost assessments, input-output analysis, financial and socioeconomic appraisals. We completed these methods with new data and statistical models about road maintenance techniques, environment, acoustics and economy. We sent a questionnaire to the managers of the different kinds of intercity roads in France to refine our models. Based on these answers with good representativeness, we built environmental Life Cycle Inventories and prices of road overlay techniques for the French market.We then applied this method to a ten-kilometer-long highway section in France to compare 5 scenarios of resurfacing, and highlighted few lessons learnt from this case study for sustainable highway maintenance programs. We first presented the studied road section – its characteristics, the current maintenance strategy of the manager – then explained the parametrization and scenario development to use the method, before analyzing and interpreting the results. The baseline scenario consisted in overlaying the road with 2.5 cm of hot mix asphalt every T=13 years period of time. Based on it, we quantified gains for the different stakeholders to change this period according to the following alternative scenarios: “Minimal Investment”: T=19.5 years; «50% Increased Investment »: T=9.8 years; « Ambitious Practices »: T=7.8 years; « Maximal investment »: T=5.7 years.An increased investment would lead to gains in terms of production, employment, environment (health, biodiversity, non-renewable resource consumption) and user expenses. Optima of public health return and user savings on maintenance investment have been spotted around +50% of investment compared to current practices: gains reach up to 700€ for local communities’ health and 4€ for users for each extra euro spent in road resurfacing program. On the contrary, rising the road maintenance investment entails losses in terms of tax incomes for the Nation, road manager expenses and time spent by users.Sensitivity analyses have also been conducted over three parameters: the traffic level, the resurfacing techniques and the speed of road surface deterioration. These analyses show that the more important traffic and speed of deterioration are, the higher environmental gains and users savings are. Moreover, environmental gains do not depend on road pavement materials: almost 100% of the environmental gains or losses come from the fuel consumption dependence on road surface condition
Wallace, Efoé Rodrigue. "On the rolling contact between multi-layered bodies, application to tire-pavement modelling." Thesis, Lyon, 2022. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2022LYSEI014/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis has been the development of a dimensioning tool for pavement design. In order to better understand their surface degradations (mainly rutting and cracking), a modelling study is carried out. This modelling task has been performed with contact mechanics tools. Particularly, a semi-analytical model has been developed, based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) algorithms. With view to achieve a more realistic modelling of the tire-pavement contact, the focus has been put on three aspects of the contact problem. Firstly, the multi-layered aspect of the pavement has been considered. Using the Papkovich-Neuber potentials, the influence coefficients have been found in the Fourier frequency domain. A numerical inversion using FFT algorithms has allowed to find the influence coefficients in the space domain. Secondly, the viscoelastic behaviour of asphaltic materials, used in roads construction, has been accounted. To this aim, an Elastic/Viscoelastic correspondence has been proposed. This correspondence imposes to recalculate the influence coefficients at every time step. These additional calculations imply an increase of the computation time; however, the simulations remain straight and fast. In addition, the proposed correspondence is exact in some cases (especially in steady-state regime); and it is an approximation in the other cases where the committed error has been shown to be marginal. Thirdly, the effects of the tangential overall forces have been integrated to the rolling contact. The goal is that the present tool can be able to simulate acceleration, braking, turnaround, etc. cases where tangential forces and/or moment are applied on the wheel in addition to the normal force (which is generally the weight of the car or truck). This tractive rolling contact has been solved between elastically dissimilar bodies submitted not only to tangential forces but also to a spinning moment. All these aspects, introduced together in the model, have allowed to perform various parametric analyses for a better grasp of their influence on general contacts. Furthermore, an application of the developed model has allowed to simulate realistic cases of rolling contact between the tire and the pavement. From examples such as acceleration, turnaround and drift, it has been proven that the tangential forces increase significantly the overall stresses
Hun, Catherine. "Exploitation de la texture d'images de speckle pour caractériser, de façon globale, l'état de surface des chaussées à l'échelle de la microtexture." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003899.
Full textAllou, Fatima. "Un modèle élastoplastique pour la modélisation de l’orniérage des chaussées à faible trafic." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/93d6406d-717a-455f-a660-0ad854f7bc9c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0067.pdf.
Full textRutting, due to permanent deformations of unbound materials, is one of the principal damage modes for low traffic pavements. The flexible pavement design methods remain empirical. These mechanistic methods do not characterize the inelastic behaviour of these materials (only linear elasticity is used as mechanical model) and do not predict the rutting under large loading cycles number. A simplified method, based on the concept of the shakedown theory developed by Zarka for metallic structures under cyclic loadings, to estimate the permanent deformations of unbound granular materials (UGM) subjected to traffic loading has been developed and presented in the framework of this study. The mechanical initial states of granular layers are taken into account with an anisotropic hyperelastic model and the calculation of the rut depth evolution with time is carried out. Based on repeated loading triaxial tests, a general procedure has been developed for the determination of the material parameters of the constitutive model. The results of a finite elements modelling of the long-term behaviour of a flexible pavement with the simplified method are presented and compared with the results of the LCPC full scale pavement experiment
Sow, Libasse. "Approche couplée expérimentation - modélisation multi-échelle pour la détermination du comportement mécanique des graves routières traitées aux liants : Application à la valorisation des Mâchefers d'Incinération de Déchêts Non Dangereux." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0001/document.
Full textIn this work, the feasibility of a valorisation in road engineering of non-hazardous waste incineration bottom ash aggregates (NHWI) is investigated. This study is first based on an experimental determination of the elastic properties of the bottom ash particles. These properties serve as input data for hierarchical multi-scale modelling developed to study the mechanical behaviour of aggregates treated with binders (cement and bitumen). The original experimental campaign on the bottom ash particles allowed them to be mapped to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). For the particles, a mean reduced modulus of elasticity in between 15 and 68 GPa was found by means of indentation tests and applying the "Olivier and Phan method. The chemical analysis of the aggregates was obtained using qualitative point chemical analyzes (OHS). Based on a 0/25 particle size distribution of NHWI, which was the subject of an experimental study [BEC 07] , we have implemented two 30 models < road materials treated with binders in Representative Elementary Volumes (REV). These models are based on a hierarchical multi-scale modelling strategy. Two types of binder are studied: cement CEM I 42.5 R and bitumen of [NGU 08]. For both types of binder, the treated aggregates we divided into two REV, at respectively the sub-mesoscale (0/6 mm) and the mesoscale (6/25 mm). An application to the valorisation of NHWI bottom ashes in road engineering is studied in both cases. With a 3% cement treatment, a numerical simulation campaign "Virtual Laboratory" was conducted. At the sub-mesoscale, the input parameters for the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model used at the mesoscale are determined. At the mesoscale, the mechanical characteristics of the road materials usually determined through experiments have been found. The developed simulation strategy has been validated by comparing our numerical results and son experimental results of [BEC 07]. With a 5% bitumen treatment, stress relaxation tests carried out at the two scales enable one to obtain the thermo-rheological properties of the Bitumen Bound Gravel. These properties are the Prony series at a reference temperature of 0°C and the Williams-Landei- Ferry (WLF) law constants. Prony series are obtained by means of standardized elastic moduli. The obtained WLF law constants are Cl = 20 °C-1 and C2 = 130 °C. The numeric simulations have been validated by comparing the responses of heterogeneous and corresponding homogeneous materials
Rahoui, Souphiane. "Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements par voie sol-gel en vue d'applications tribologiques en température." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2644/.
Full textThese works focus on the development and characterization of lubricating coatings deposited by sol-gel route on 15-5PH stainless steel, for aeronautic applications at high temperature. The aim of this study is to determine the conditions leading to the development of a composite lubricating coating containing in situ-synthesized amorphous carbon in an oxide matrix. The first experimental part presents a study of the influence of synthesis and thermal treatment conditions on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of the initial hybrid coating. The investigation of the chemical structure evolution of the deposit by spectroscopic techniques (especially NMR and IR) allows the phenomena occurring during thermal treatments to be understood. We explain the influence of thermal treatment temperature and atmosphere on the coatings physicochemical transformations and on the occurring fragmentation, oxidation and recombination reactions. Then, the effect of a lamellar reinforcement as talc particles, on physicochemical microstructural coating properties is studied. The second experimental part of these works deals with the scratching, mechanical and tribological characterizations of different coatings deposited on 15-5PH stainless steel. We determine coating adhesive properties by scratch test as well as mechanical characteristics (hardness and elastic modulus) by nanoindentation technique and tribological behavior with an alumina ball on plane test configuration. Correlations between changes in the chemical structure and coating tribological performances are being proposed. Thus optimal synthesis and thermal treatment conditions are determined, at 250°C in air or at 300°C in N2 gas, leading to the amorphous carbon in situ-synthesis and associated to the best coating tribological behavior
Marsal, Alexis. "Élaboration et caractérisations de revêtements obtenus par voie sol-gel en vue d'applications tribologiques sur acier inoxydable." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3814/.
Full textTo meet the demand of the French mechanical engineering industries, CETIM wishes to develop protective coatings on AISI 304L and 316L stainless steels in order to improve their tribological behaviour. In our work, the objective will be to develop a surface from the sol-gel track to reduce the friction coefficient and also wear. Faced with this problem, alumina and silica appeared likely to fulfil this function because of their particular intrinsic properties. A first part of the thesis work consists in developing and understanding the reaction mechanisms required to produce these types of oxides. We have therefore carried out an in-depth study on the influence that the silica-alumina ratio can have, and the acquisition of experimental data has enabled us to make choices between the different matrices to improve the tribological behaviour of steels
Houel, Amélie. "Revêtements polyesters hybrides organiques-inorganiques par voie sol-gel." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821407.
Full textYahia, Jamal Charles. "Validation d'un modèle physique de prévision de la température de surface du revêtement de la chaussée : intégration de données in situ et de prévisions à moyenne échéance pour l'élaboration d'informations en météorologie routière hivernale." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688806.
Full textYahia, Jamal Charles. "Validation d'un modèle physique de prévision de la température de surface du revêtement de la chaussée : intégration de données in situ et de prévisions à moyenne échéance pour l'élaboration d'informations en météorologie routière hivernale." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/68/88/06/PDF/2006CLF21645.pdf.
Full textKoti, Joël. "Valorisation des coques de noix de palmiste dans la construction des routes à faible trafic." Thesis, Limoges, 2022. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f79d4974-f3cb-47d7-8a60-ec5e92d65af9/blobholder:0/2022LIMO0062.pdf.
Full textThe production of palm oil generates several wastes including palm kernel shells (PKS). Facing the depletion of natural resources that can be used in pavement construction, the recovery of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shells is an alternative solution for the future for oil palm producing countries. This thesis studies the use of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregate in the formulation of composites materials. The latter can be used as subbase course materials for low-traffic pavements. The first part of the manuscript deals with the production of mixtures of palm kernel shells and lateritic soil (lateritic soil abundant in the south of Benin) for use as a foundation layer. Parabolic law of Fuller-Thompson is utilized to determine the volume proportions of each composite. In the laboratory, geotechnical experiments on lateritic soil and on composites have shown that the addition of 61% PKS increases the CBR index from 76% to 95% of the Modified Proctor optimum. The addition of 15% lagoon sand in the formulation decreases the plasticity by 29%. Thus, the composites with a CBR index of 30 (39% lateritic soil + 61% PKS) and 41 (45% lateritic soil, 40% PKS and 15% lagoon sand) can be used in the foundation layer for low traffic roads. The second part focuses on the substitution of the traditional coarse aggregates by palm kernel shells in a semi-grained bituminous concrete 0/10. This type of asphalt is usable in surface wearing course. The different granular compositions are obtained by the compressible stacking model of De Larrard. The moisture resistance, studied through the Duriez test, shows that PKS can be a good alternative of coarse aggregates in lightly trafficked pavement mixes. The valorization of palm kernel shells in transportation technology is a major technical and economical solution to provide a better access to the rural areas in tropical countries. Especially, it can be useful for the transport of products from production areas to those of processing and consumption
Truyen, Dimitri. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel de revêtements catalytiques sur substrat métallique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/615/.
Full textThe aim of the study was to elaborate metallic supported catalysts by sol-gel route stable at high temperature (< 700°C). Both oxydes TiO2 and Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 have been studied. The study was mainly to synthesize an oxyde used as support and having a high surface and a high porosity. From stable colloïdal sols, we pointed out the interest to perform nanometric particles and to stabilize TiO2 anatase phase in order to keep small size cristallized domains. The influence of a polymer has been shown to decrease the sintering phenomenon and so to increase the porosity of the oxyde. Interactions between particles in sols are of great importance because they involve particular stacking of the particles during gelification and after calcination. The interactions between particles are different according to the ionic strength and pH of the medium. In order to decrease the sintering phenomenon, alumina nanoparticles have been added and used as steric barriers between ceria-zirconia particles. We defined several systems of interactions to elaborate a porous stacking with a high surface area. Particles size and porosity analysis have been performed to suggest stacking models. Several catalysts have been prepared using Rh, Ru, Pt according to different formulations in order to obtain adherent catalytic films deposited onto stainless steel substrate. Then, catalysts have been tested for complete CO oxidation reaction and best results have been measured for Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 - Pt deposited catalyst
Naudin, Guillaume. "Revêtements antireflets multifonctionnels par voie sol-gel : application au domaine de l'automobile." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066613/document.
Full textA multifunctional coating for the automotive industry was elaborated by depositing sol-gel thin films onto glass substrates. Broadband antireflective coatings were synthetized by tuning the optical properties of each deposited layer in order to promote destructive interferences. Different strategies based on a bilayer system and a trilayer system were used to add additional functionalities to the coating. A specific approach was developed to observe fog formation both at the macroscopic scale and at the microscopic scale and therefore to choose the best antifogging coating. These observations were discussed with a modelling method which allows us to compare the macroscopic opacification and the microdroplets populations. Moreover, mechanical tests were performed
Victor, Jean-Louis. "Étude de revêtements thermochromes à base de VO2 élaborés par voie PVD/HiPIMS." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0275.
Full textVanadium dioxide (VO2) is a thermochromic material exhibiting tunable optical properties, due to its structural change associated with a Mott transition. Thus, this material is capable to modulate heat flows when coated on walls orwindows. Consequently, it can be used for a wide range of applications, like cabin’s temperature control and adaptive thermal camouflage. Around 68 °C, VO2 shifts from a semiconductor to a metallic state. However, this temperature is too high to bring a thermal comfort, which can be adjusted by n doping. Moreover, in order to stabilize the thermochromic VO2 phase, an annealing step over 450 °C is required, preventing its deposition on thermally sensible substrates such as polymers.This work focuses on the study of this material which was synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering. Resulting thermochromic properties were evidenced by X-Rays Diffraction (XRD), Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and X-Rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry and by resistivity and spectrophotometric measurements with temperature in the infrared domain ranging from 2.5 μm to 25 μm. The doping was made with tungsten (W) due to its reported efficiency. VO2 thin films were doped with various W amounts (0 to 4% at.). Especially, the 3.6% W doping rate yielded a lowering of the commutation temperature up to 9 °C after annealing treatment at 500 °C. Endly, a performing VO2 thin film switching around 59 °C was obtained at only 300 °C by using HiPIMS mode synthesis, paving the way to industrial applications for energetic efficiency
Lehtihet, Moncef. "Réalisation de revêtements composites par voie liquide pour la gestion des infrarouges solaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0226.
Full textThis PhD project focuses on the designing, realization and characterization of coatings deposited by liquid means, for the management of infrared solar light, regarding applications towards building efficency and solar energy harvesting. We aim to produce composite thin films, composed of polymeric matrix in which solid inclusions are added. An engineering of these inclusions permits one to reach the desired functionality. A complete modelling of composite thin film on a substrate is proposed. An optimal transport regime of light is found where the absorption is enhanced by the addition of scattering. A bench for thin film production is realized and experimental methods of characerization of the various physical phenomena occuring during material deposition is studied. A theoretical and experimental study of the influence of the optical properties of thin film on its thermal performances is proposed. Polymeric thin films containing gold nanoparticles are used as proof-of-concept of the enhanced heat generation by light scattering. Also, PEDOT:PSS/Silicon thin films are realized to control independently the absorption and scattering in films and explore such optimal regime in the near-infrared part of the spectrum
Murillo, Gutierrez Noé Verner. "Protection contre la corrosion d'alliages de magnésium par des revêtements issus de la voie sol-gel." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2432/.
Full textThe present works aim to the development of anticorrosion protection systems for magnesium alloys, by the way of sol-gel coatings. The first part of the study defines a targeted surface pretreatment for the Elektron21 magnesium alloy (Mg-Nd-Gd-Zr-Zn), consisting of a mechanical preparation, followed by a chemical step. The second part is related to the formation of cerium-based and phosphate-based chemical conversion layers, in order to reduce the substrate reactivity and to promote the post-deposition of other kind of coatings. A third part of the study regards to the protection of the Elektron21 alloy by two different formulations of hybrid coatings: "methacrylate" and "epoxy"-based, for whose the original composition was modified by addition of a corrosion inhibitor, Ce(NO3)3, or also by addition of organic "phosphonate" functional groups. In the prospect of the improvement of performances of the "epoxy-based" hybrid coating, a "bilayer" architecture system is proposed. Finally, the last part of these works discusses the study of a "duplex" protection system, consisting of both a phosphate-chemical conversion layer and the "epoxy-based" hybrid coating, on mono or bilayer configuration. Some surface and microstructural analyzes are correlated to the results obtained by electrochemical characterizations realized in corrosive environment for all the different anticorrosion protection systems here presented
Cambon, Jean-Baptiste. "Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements anti-corrosion par voie sol-gel sur l'acier inoxydable martensitique X13VD." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1892/.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the development and characterization of sol-gel coatings on X13VD martensitic steel. The first experimental part was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of X13VD stainless steel, a study undertaken on the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors: Ce(NO3)3 and Na2MoO4 selected according to the literature. The performances of two types of hybrid coatings prepared from two formulations of sol, " methacrylate-based " and "epoxy-based", were also compared. The second part focuses on the study of the chemical structure by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR 13C, 29Si, 27Al) of the hybrid "epoxy base" formulation, the most interesting system for corrosion protection of X13VD stainless steel. This investigation enables to understand the influence of inhibitors incorporation in the hybrid matrix and also of heat treatment, on the reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of the sol-gel network. The last part of this work concerns the mechanical and electrochemical characterization of different hybrid "epoxy base" coatings deposited on steel X13VD differing in the nature and content of corrosion inhibitor and heat treatment. Correlations are proposed with previous results demonstrating the interdependence between the performance of hybrid coatings and their chemical structures investigated by NMR spectroscopy
Addach, Hmad. "Contribution à l'étude de l'interaction hydrogène-métal dans le cas de revêtements métalliques réalisés par voie humide." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2014.
Full textJaubert, Olivier. "Revêtements hybrides multifonctionneles élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection d'alliages d'aluminium pour l'aéronautique (AA2024-T3)." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2463/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of innovative multifunctional hybrid coatings, free of Cr(VI), for protecting aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 against corrosion. The sol-gel innovative matrix is based on organoalkoxysilane, aluminum alkoxide and a corrosion inhibitor. The effect of the concentration of each precursor has been studied by measuring the anticorrosion performances of the coatings with the neutral salt spray test (NSS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Afterwards these results were corroborated by NMR analysis of xerogels to correlate corrosion performance with the chemical structure. The synthesis and characterization of boehmite nanoparticles were prepared according to the Yoldas method. These nanoparticles were modified by physisorption of the corrosion inhibitor. By EIS we have demonstrated that modified nanoparticles act as nanocontainers of corrosion inhibitor. In the last part of this work, the development of multifunctional coatings is approched in two ways: firstly, by providing an original architecture for new coatings displaying both corrosion inhibitor nanocontainers and a hydrophobic surface. Secondly by getting colored anticorrosion coatings. In conclusion coatings with an optimal and innovative original architecture have been engineered to satisfy the requirements established by the industrial partners
Vu, Trong Dai. "Modélisation des effets tournants du pneumatique et des forces decontact pour le bruit de roulement basses fréquences." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1051/document.
Full textThe rolling noise contributes significantly to the noise inside cars. This noise comes from the tire/road contact. In low frequencies (0-400 Hz), it is mainly transmitted into the cabin through structural vibration. The current method used at PSA Peugeot Citroen to predict this noise, is a mixed simulation/experimental approach which is long, expensive and not sufficiently predictive. In order to overcome these difficult, a full numerical approach is considered. It requires modeling the tire vibration by taking into account the rotating effects and the contact with the rough surface. Concerning the model of rotating tire, a formulation of a deformable solid is constructed by using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian approach (ALE). This formulation is validated by an application on a new simplified tire model which is a circular ring including the shear stresses and the non linear effects due to the vehicle weight. A more complex model composed of tire/wheel/cavity including all the rotating effects is also validated by comparison with experiments. Then the contact with a real road is calculated by different approaches to get the acceptable computing time for industrial uses. In particular, the calculation of the contact is divided into a non-linear static analysis followed by a linear dynamic calculation. The validation of this model is successfully achieved by comparison test results
Lavollée, Claire. "Revêtements hybrides architecturés élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection anticorrosion et anti-usure de l'acier DC04." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30376/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a multifunctional sol-gel coating for corrosion and wear protection of pump parts. The studied material is a DC04 laminated carbon steel, very sensitive to corrosion and with an uneven topography. Feasibility of the development of an architectured hybrid coating, densified on the extreme surface and prepared by the sol-gel route on the DC04 steel has been demonstrated. The architecture is based on a gradient of concentration of zirconia nanoparticles imbedded in an aluminosilicated hybrid matrix. The resulting bilayered primer in the range 5-6 microns is adherent, covering, leveling and presents high-performance anticorrosion properties, up to 1000 hours when immersed in tap water at 60 ° C. The introduction of zirconia nanoparticles in the hybrid sol allows to obtain a thicker upper layer, in the range 8-10 microns, which surface has been densified by laser treatment for few nm in deep. Architectured systems were assessed by an innovative method which combines Taber wear tests, microstructural observations and analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 13C, 29Si and 27Al NMR spectroscopies have highlighted the importance of controlling both the organic and inorganic polymerisation reactions to obtain efficient anticorrosion coatings. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the modification of the organic-inorganic hybrid matrix structure allows the introduction of a higher amount of cerium, as corrosion inhibitor, without damage for the anticorrosive properties of the coating
Serres, Nicolas. "Réalisation et caractérisation de revêtements épais éco-respectueux réalisés par voie sèche destinés à remplacer des dépôts électrolytique." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/SERRES_Nicolas_2010.pdf.
Full textMaterials used industrially are more and more applied under extreme conditions, implementing wear and/or corrosion resistance. In addition, environmental regulations are nowadays effective. Thus, it seems necessary to find surface coatings with justified environmental behaviour, implementing life cycle assessment of the processes. This Ph. D. Thesis aims to replace electrolytic hard chromium plating by dry coatings. In order to improve some well-known drawbacks of thermal spraying, laser remelting was combined to thermal spraying. Remelting of NiCrBSi deposit, which was selected for its good environmental behaviour, shows a homogeneous carbides and borides distribution in the coating layer and an improvement of the mechanical properties compared to the as-sprayed sample. The hybrid process changes structure from lamellar to dendritic and produces denser coatings with finer structures, without porosity, which improves chemical and mechanical properties. Results are closely linked to laser cladding, except that there are obtained with a very high process velocity. Whereas hard chromium plating is affected by its characteristic microcrack structure, and APS by surface fatigue, laser coatings show an adhesive wear mechanism corresponding to a wear by oxidation in case of laser remelting. If the corrosion kinetics are comparable according to the selected process, mechanisms change. In case of as-sprayed sample, porosity lets the electrolyte reach the substrate, while the in situ remelted sample substrate is not reached. Concerning hard chromium replacement, laser in situ remelted NiCrBSi could be a good solution
Messaoud, Mouna. "Fonctionnalisation anti-bactérienne passive ou active de tissus textiles par voie sol-gel ou photochimique - L'association du TiO2 et de la chimie douce." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584376.
Full textTermoss, Hussein. "Préparation de revêtements de nitrure de bore (BN) par voie polymère précéramique : étude des paramètres d'élaboration : caractérisations physico-chimiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699530.
Full textNguyen, Van Nhan. "Revêtements hybrides à base de polymères acryliques et de TiO2 préparés par voie sol-gel : étude des propriétés thermomécaniques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0002.
Full textHybrid inorganic-organic materials based on a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-n-butyl methacrylate (n-BMA)-methacrylic acid (MA) terpolymer have been prepared by the in situ sol-gel process in the presence of tetrabutyltitanate. The whole hydrolysis-condensation process results in homogeneous and semi-transparent films with amounts of titania ranging from 4. 5 to 25 wt%. Solvent extraction results undoubtedly proved the strong interaction between the polymer and the inorganic phase through COOTi bonds. Mechanical properties of the hybrid films have also been investigated through micro hardness measurements. The Tg evolution with the titania content follows the same trend as the percentage of crosslinked polymer determined from THF solvent extraction. The rate of creep of the hybrids significantly decreases with an increase in titania content. Anticorrosion properties of hybrid organic-inorganic coating have been studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and water uptake measurements. The state of water in hybrid was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Hybrid films with 2. 3 % vol. Ti02 have significantly better anticorrosion properties than the acrylic polymer
Termoss, Hussein. "Préparation de revêtements de nitrure de bore (BN) par voie polymère précéramique : étude des paramètres d’élaboration : caractérisations physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10145/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to prepare boron nitride coatings onto different substrates using the Polymers Derived Ceramics (PDCs) approach. In that way, BN coatings were obtained onto graphite, pure silica and metal especially titanium. The first part of this thesis was to study parameters (of the solution used and of the dip-coating process), to obtain the best coatings in terms of morphology, cristallinity and chemical composition. The second part was dedicated to BN coatings obtained onto metal substrates using an alternative thermal treatment allowing the polymer-to-ceramic conversion without any damage for the metal. Actually, annealing by infrared irradiation allows heating only the coating, energy being reflected by the metal
Valette, Stéphane. "Influence de la préoxydation d'un acier sur l'adhérence de son revêtement en alumine déposé par voie plasma thermique." Limoges, 2004. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e77046c3-b6a8-47ac-aaac-918b3368e39b/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0052.pdf.
Full textThe presence at C40E steel surface of wüstite (Fe1-xO) formed by controlled preoxidation under carbon dioxide atmosphere, increases drastically the adherence values of a alumina plasma sprayed coatings. On the contrary, an interlayer composed of Fe203 or Fe304 decreases the alumina coating adhesion. A kinetic study bas been led in order to determine the conditions for wüstite phase formation. TEM investigations of interfaces bas showed heteroepitaxied growth between steel, wüstite, superficial traces of magnetite and alumina coating, which justifies, thanks to chemical relationships, the strong alumina coatings adhesion. Such a monitored oxidation pretreatment before spraying, easily performed in the industry, eliminate grit blasting stage and then allows to coat thin metallic substrate
Meftah, Rabie. "Une approche par formalisme de green réduit pour le calcul des structures en contact dynamique : application au contact pneumatique/chaussée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665546.
Full textFenech, Justine. "Nouvelles compositions de revêtements de zircone subsituée (Y, La, Sm, Er) élaborés par la voie sol-gel : application aux barrières thermiques multicouches." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1359/.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to prove the potentialities of the sol-gel process for the elaboration of zirconia based coatings for thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. Combined with the dip-coating process, the sol-gel route presents the advantage to induce an isotropic porosity contrary to the physical Plasma Spray or EB-PVD physical processes used in the industry, but also multilayered coatings of oxides with a controlled stœchiometry. After the dip-coating process in a starting sol (9. 7mol% YO1. 5) loaded with a suspension of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder of the same composition, and sintering at 950°C, homogenous YSZ coatings presenting the metastable tetragonal t' phase are obtained on nickel based superalloys substrates (NiCrAlY or (Ni,Pt)Al). The optimization of these coatings is mainly due to the decrease of the YSZ particle granulometry due to the supercritical drying of the zirconia gel. Results show that it is possible to adjust the final morphology of the coating by modifying the calcination temperatures of YSZ powders. In order to improve the thermal insulation of the TBCs, multilayered systems composed of erbia and samaria doped zirconia in the upper layer and a conventional YSZ coating with the required t' phase close to the interface to increase the thermomechanical properties, were elaborated. Finally, preliminary cyclic oxidation tests were performed on YSZ sol-gel coatings but also the degradation by molten CMAS oxides was studied in order to evaluate these two damaging modes
Errotabehere, Xabier. "Nouveaux revêtements hybrides élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection de substrats ligno-cellulosiques : étude des microstructures et des propriétés mécaniques surface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14525/document.
Full textDuring their life, the parquets are subjected to mechanical aggressions and ageing (scratch, friction, wear). UV-curable organic coatings (acrylic) are classically deposited in several layers involving a first layer called “basecoat” and an upper layer called “topcoat”. The latter provides the scratch resistance necessary to the whole system. The coatings were prepared from liquid organic-inorganic precursors that undergo a consequent inorganic polymerization followed by radical UV chain polymerization. In the present work, new organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were elaborated via a sol-gel route and applied as the topcoat in a parquet vitrifying configuration. A structural study in liquid and solid phases allowed the understanding of the inorganic polymerization mechanisms of neat MAPTMS sol and binary MAPTMS/TEOS sols. The self-organization phenomenon of MAPTMS (nano structures e.g. octamer cages) is well-known when it is used as neat precursor. It was also evidenced in the presence of TEOS. Microstructures were proposed for these “hybrid varnishes”, the type of nano structures being dependent on the TEOS content. A local mechanical study, using nanoindentation technique, revealed the reinforcing effect of TEOS within the hybrid coatings. Their scratch behavior was also studied on two scales (“nano” and “micro”) and compared with to that of an industrial reference. On the “nano” scale, the damage thresholds (cracking) of the hybrid coatings are equivalent or even higher to those of the industrial topcoat. On a “micro” scale, an experimental device allowing real time recording of the true contact area between the tip and the sample, showed that elastic-plastic transition is postponed when a hybrid coating is used as a topcoat. Moreover we attempted a correlation between the microstructure and the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, scratch behavior) of MAPTMS/TEOS hybrid coatings, taking into account the inorganic network organization