Journal articles: 'Revised laws'

1

Raloff, J. "Late-Night Legislation: New Laws Include Revised Superfund." Science News 130, no. 17 (October 25, 1986): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970838.

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Romero Ruiz, María Isabel. "Fallen women and the London Lock Hospital Laws and By-Laws of 1840 (revised 1848)." Journal of English Studies 8 (May 29, 2010): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.151.

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The nineteenth century witnessed a huge increase in both private and public institutions to control and to contain two elements deemed to be the most dangerous in British society: the prostitute and the fallen woman. These individuals were considered deviant at a time when the middle-class exercised philanthropy supporting the double standard code of morality. Charity and state intervention were carried out by two kinds of institutions which were closely connected: lock hospitals and lock asylums. However, the role of lock hospitals was to cure venereal disease, whereas the role of the lock asylums was the reformation and instruction of these women. As a consequence, this paper seeks to examine the importance of the London Lock Hospital and Asylum Laws and By-laws of 1840, especially in relation to female patients and penitents, so as to ascertain the roles of these two institutions in the reproduction of the moral standards of the middle-class and of the religious discourse of the time. We shall see that these regulations reflect the ideas of industriousness, repentance and atonement for these women’s past lives, emphasizing the differences between the sexes as far as sexual and moral behaviour were concerned.

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KimSungKyun. "Tax treatment of incomes regarding Merger in Revised Tax Laws." CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 12, no. 3 (September 2010): 445–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2010.12.3.445.

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Swinbanks, David. "Japan's unpopular mental health laws to be revised at last." Nature 326, no. 6109 (March 1987): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/326117a0.

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Shah, Nasra M. "Kuwait's Revised Labor Laws: Implications for National and Foreign Workers." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 20, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681102000305.

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Srivastava, Dhirendra K., and Derek Roebuck. "Judicial revision of the revised laws of Papua New Guinea." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 1450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.1985.9985838.

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McDowall, David, Colin Loftin, and Brian Wiersema. "The Impact of Youth Curfew Laws on Juvenile Crime Rates." Crime & Delinquency 46, no. 1 (January 2000): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128700046001005.

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This study used panel data from a sample of cities and counties to examine the effects of curfew laws on youth crime rates. The analysis estimated the impact of new and revised laws on juvenile homicide victimizations (1976 to 1995) and on juvenile arrests for a variety of offenses (1985 to 1996). The results show statistically significant decreases in burglary, larceny, and simple assault arrests after revised laws, but only in the county data. Homicide rates did not change in either counties or cities, and new laws were not followed by reductions in crime. Any preventive effects of curfews appear to be small.

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KimSungKyun. "Tax treatment of incomes regarding Corporate Division in Revised Tax Laws." CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 12, no. 4 (December 2010): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2010.12.4.319.

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Drolshagen, G., W. C. Carey, J. A. M. McDonnell, T. J. Stevenson, J. C. Mandeville, and L. Berthoud. "HST solar array impact survey: Revised damage laws and residue analysis." Advances in Space Research 19, no. 2 (January 1997): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00007-0.

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10

Jacob, Margaret C. "Commerce, Industry, and the Laws of Newtonian Science: Weber Revisited and Revised." Canadian Journal of History 35, no. 2 (August 2000): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.35.2.275.

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De Ville, Kenneth A., and Loretta M. Kopelman. "Fetal Protection in Wisconsin's Revised Child Abuse Law: Right Goal, Wrong Remedy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 4 (1999): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1999.tb01468.x.

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In the summer of 1998, the Wisconsin State legislature amended its child protection laws. Under new child abuse provisions, Wisconsin judges can confine pregnant women who abuse alcohol or drugs for the duration of their pregnancies. South Dakota enacted similar legislation almost simultaneously. The South Dakota statute requires mandatory drug and alcohol treatment for pregnant women who abuse those substances and classifies such activity as child abuse. In addition, the South Dakota legislation gives relatives the power to commit pregnant women involuntarily for two days; a court order can place the pregnant women in custody for up to nine months. These recent legislative “successes” follow scores of failed attempts by legislators in other states to establish fetal protection laws aimed at women who use and abuse drugs and alcohol during pregnancy.

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Lin, Chih-Hong, and Kuo-Tsai Chang. "Smart backstepping control using revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization for linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 7 (December 23, 2019): 1388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219891353.

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Because of the uncertainty’s action in a linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system such as the external load force, the cogging force, the column friction force and the Stribeck effect force and the parameters variations, it is difficult to reach specific control performances by using the existing linear controller. To raise robustness under occurrence of parameters uncertainties and external force disturbances, the smart backstepping control system with three adaptive laws is proposed for controlling the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system. In accordance with the Lyapunov function, three adaptive laws are derived to ameliorate the system’s robustness. Furthermore, the smart backstepping control system using revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization with the compensated controller is proposed to improve the control performance. The revised recurrent fuzzy neural network acts as the estimator of the uncertainty’s disturbances. In addition, the compensated controller with error estimation law is proposed to compensate the minimum rebuilt error. Moreover, two learning rates of the weights in the revised recurrent fuzzy neural network are derived according to the discrete-type Lyapunov stability to assure convergence of the output tracking error and are adopted by using the revised ant colony optimization to speed-up parameter’s convergence. Finally, some comparative performances are verified through some tentative upshots that the smart backstepping control system by virtue of revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization with the compensated controller results in better control performances for the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system.

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Danzis, Scott D. "Revising the Revised Guidelines: Incentives, Clinically Integrated Physician Networks, and the Antitrust Laws." Virginia Law Review 87, no. 3 (May 2001): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073866.

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Baker, J. H. "Why the History of English Law has not been finished." Cambridge Law Journal 59, no. 1 (March 2000): 62–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300000039.

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Dairay, T., M. Obligado, and J. C. Vassilicos. "Non-equilibrium scaling laws in axisymmetric turbulent wakes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 781 (September 16, 2015): 166–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.493.

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We present a combined direct numerical simulation and hot-wire anemometry study of an axisymmetric turbulent wake. The data lead to a revised theory of axisymmetric turbulent wakes which relies on the mean streamwise momentum and turbulent kinetic energy equations, self-similarity of the mean flow, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent dissipation profiles, non-equilibrium dissipation scalings and an assumption of constant anisotropy. This theory is supported by the present data up to a distance of 100 times the wake generator’s size, which is as far as these data extend.

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Woodall, Denise. "Interrupting Constructions of a Criminalized Other through a Revised Criminal Activities Checklist Classroom Exercise." Teaching Sociology 45, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x16673137.

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A self-report questionnaire about past criminal behavior is presented here as a useful pedagogical tool to demonstrate the invalidity of crime rates, challenge stereotypes about criminals, exemplify policy problems, and personalize the ways in which race, gender, and class operate to disadvantage and advantage people in the administration of justice. Philip Reichel’s 1975 criminal activities checklist exercise, first published in Teaching Sociology, is updated pursuant to the Georgia 2016 criminal code. Additions include new laws around technology use (i.e., sexting, privacy, and piracy laws), substance use (pharmaceuticals and minor alcohol possession), criminalized driving offenses (aggressive driving and DUIs), and sex offenses. I found that most students in my classroom have violated a law. These findings, the findings of others who have administered similar checklists, and growing research suggest that crime commission is more the norm rather than the exception, and this gives instructors great opportunities to challenge student assumptions.

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Potolea, E. "Electrodynamics in Formulae." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 34, no. 3 (July 1997): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099703400301.

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I have revised the general theory of physical quantities and I have demonstrated that the system of primary quantities of electrodynamics is as unique as the system of the general laws of physics. I have identified three principles of electrodynamics with which help I have generalized the laws on the assumption of mobile conductors. I have demonstrated that Maxwell's and Lorentz's postulates are theorems of electrodynamics.

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Won, You-Yeon, and Doraiswami Ramkrishna. "Revised Formulation of Fick’s, Fourier’s, and Newton’s Laws for Spatially Varying Linear Transport Coefficients." ACS Omega 4, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 11215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00736.

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19

Salvant Valentine, Sheila, Joseph Caldwell, and Amrita Tailor. "Effect of CDC 2006 Revised HIV Testing Recommendations for Adults, Adolescents, Pregnant Women, and Newborns on State Laws, 2018." Public Health Reports 135, no. 1_suppl (July 2020): 189S—196S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920930146.

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In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its recommendations for HIV testing of 4 population groups in health care settings: adults, adolescents, pregnant women, and newborns. Important components of the revised recommendations included opt-out routine HIV screening; eliminating prevention counseling for opt-out routine HIV screening; repeat HIV testing in the third trimester for all women at high risk for acquiring HIV and for women receiving health care in facilities and/or jurisdictions with high HIV burden; testing during labor and delivery for women with undocumented HIV status; and testing the newborn when the mother’s HIV status is unknown. To assess the integration of these testing recommendations into state laws and to inform future recommendations, we researched and assessed statutes and regulations that addressed HIV testing in the 4 population groups in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2018. We then classified the laws, based on their consistency with the recommendations for each of the 4 population groups. Of 31 states and the District of Columbia that had relevant laws, all addressed at least 1 component of the recommendations. Although no state had laws that incorporated all the recommendations for all the population groups, 5 states (Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, and New Hampshire) had incorporated all the recommendations for adults and adolescents, and 4 states (Connecticut, Nevada, North Carolina, and West Virginia) had incorporated all the recommendations for pregnant women and newborns.

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Shyu, Yuh Huei. "Proposing a Revised Definition of Perpetual Motion Machine." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2765.

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t was shown recently that the conclusion of the non-existence of perpetual motion machines (PMM) is based on a sound yet incomplete proof. The implication of this result is that whether or not we can construct a PMM is still unknown. This result directly challenges mainstream scientists long times belief: It is impossible to construct a PMM. Traditionally, mainstream scientists use laws of thermodynamics to conclude the non-existence of perpetual motion machines. We believe that mainstream scientists still pin their faith on their belief unless a workable PMM can be constructed. Conventional definition of PMM is very subjective. Under this kind of definition, it is very hard to construct a PMM. We need an objective definition of PMM to start with. In this paper, we will clarify the theory of PMM. Then, we will propose a revised version of definition of PMM. Clarifying the related theory will help us to tackle the PMM problem in the right direction. The revised definition of PMM will provide us useful guidelines to construct a workable PMM.

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21

Rashidpouraie, Roya, Mohammad Nader Sharifi, and Mina Rashidpouraei. "Abortion Laws and Regulations in Iran and European Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 23, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.23.cov.6394.1.

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Background and Aim: Abortion has always posed challenges in the areas of ethics, law, religion, philosophy, and reproductive health. Some countries have had different approaches to abortion at different times. Today, abortion is a major challenge in Iran. Social developments and increasing level of health literacy, awareness and participation of women in social and economic fields have led to incompatibility of theoretical and practical aspects in these areas. Women sometimes have abortions without attention to the national law. In Iran, the reasons for legal abortion are the life-threatening conditions of the mother and the fetus. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries have revised their abortion laws and regulations. In some countries, such as France and Finland, these revisions are permanent; in countries such Portugal and Norway, the changes are temporary; and in other countries such as Germany and Belgium, it is unclear whether the changes are permanent or temporary. In this study, we aim to review the abortion laws and regulations in Europe and Iran. Then, by discussing the new guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluate the effects and consequences of this pandemic on abortion. Methods & Materials: The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national databases such as SID, MagIran, and IranMedex on studies published from 2002 to 2020 using the following keywords:Abortion, illegal abortion, induced abortion, and COVID-19. Due to the onset of SARS-COV1 epidemic in 2002, all articles published between these two outbreaks were searched. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were observed in this article. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some European countries revised the abortion laws and regulations, mostly due to realize the reproductive health right. It seems that, this revision has not yet been taken place in Iran. Conclusion: With the emergence of COVID-19, some countries had revised their abortion laws and regulations to reduce unsafe abortions. It seems that during the Covid19 pandemic, due to changes in lifestyle such as social distancing and economic and social lockdowns, it needs to revise medical laws and regulations in health-oriented and time-dependent areas (such as abortion) so that the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and maleficent, can be applied. Having COVID-19 and consequently abortion during the pandemic is one of the most challenging issues that should be addressed in terms of ethical, jurisprudential and legal aspects. Development of regulations based on ethical principles during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary to prevent illegal and unsafe abortions.

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Hariyanto, Erie. "BURGELIJK WETBOEK (Menelusuri Sejarah Hukum Pemberlakuannya di Indonesia)." AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 4, no. 1 (September 3, 2013): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v4i1.268.

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Burgelijk Wetboek or the book of civil law is historicallyderived from Dutch. It has been applied on the basis ofconcordancy principle; in fact, the legislative institutionhas not published civil laws that being coded and unifiedyet. It is urgent to apply new laws that exclusively managelaw of contract (in particular or general) as a part of civillaws, in order to support the economic activity of nation.Dutch has already revised their own Burgelijk Weboek thathas been applied in Indonesia.

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Lim, Jong-Pil, Seon-Pyo Hong, Young-Mi Lee, and Hoon Jeon. "Revised Subjects of the Current Korean Oriental Pharmacists' Licensing Examination." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 4 (December 20, 2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2007.4.4.

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This study is designed to draw out new integrated subjects of the Korean Oriental Pharmacists??Licensing Examination (KOPLE). In 2004, for the revision of subjects, we have analyzed the curriculums of the Oriental Pharmacy department, the oriental pharmacist?占퐏 (OP?占퐏) job description book, and the elementary items of KOPLE. We also examined the system of the Chinese Herb Pharmacists??Examination and other health personnel licensing examinations and studied the data of items and compared them with KOPLE. We heard the public opinion on the present KOPLE. We developed a subfield of 18 subjects, a middle category of 188 items, and a small category of 1,026 items. We proposed a new KOPLE that consists of three subjects: basic oriental pharmacy, applied oriental pharmacy, and laws and regulations.

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Knight, David, and Finn Williams. "SUB-PLAN: A Guide to Permitted Development." Architectural Research Quarterly 16, no. 3 (September 2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135513000122.

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Permitted Development (PD) is the set of laws that determine what can be built in the UK without needing planning permission. These laws, which have existed since 1947, typically cover smallscale developments that have a minor impact on their surroundings. In 2008 the laws covering household developments were radically revised in an effort to free up planning departments to focus on larger applications. But the rewritten laws, while inherently more ‘liberal’ than their predecessors, are also confusing, impractical, and obscured by legalese.Since 2009, we have produced a series of projects with a number of collaborators that explore PD. These projects all involve engaging with the laws in order to make public their potential for development. We see this work as a form of spatial practice.This article presents an edited selection of spreads from our 2009 book-pamphlet SUB-PLAN: A Guide to Permitted Development, which was produced with the graphic design studio Europa and a group of students at the Architectural Association Summer School.

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Basberg, Bjørn L. "Seeking International Coordination: The Norwegian Patent Law of 1885." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 60, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2019-0007.

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Abstract During the 1870s and 80s many countries revised their national patent laws. This was also a period when international co-operation was intensified to reach an agreement on patent legislation. It culminated in the Paris Patent Convention of 1880, leading to an increased harmonization of the various national patent laws. In Norway the revision of the patent law was set in motion in the 1870s, culminating in a new law in 1885. The paper analyses this process, and in particular how it related to legislative work that went on abroad.

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Wang, Gungwu. "Law and History: Mirror of Government in China." China and the World 01, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s259172931850013x.

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This text is the revised version of the transcript of my lecture “Chinese Historiography, on History as a Mirror of Government” that was given at the Nanyang Technological University on 23rd March 2018 as part of the 3rd UBIAS Intercontinental Academia (ICA) on Laws: Rigidity and Dynamics.

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Meding, Twyla. "Pastoral Palimpsest: Writing the Laws of Love in L'Astré." Renaissance Quarterly 52, no. 4 (1999): 1087–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901837.

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Mediated by Neoplatonist thought of the Quattrocento, paradox governs both form and content of Honoré d'Urfé's L'Astreé. The prefatory epistles to the work's first three parts establish a Foucaldian notion of “author function“ while simultaneously positing the author's profound distrust of writing and his preference for an oral medium. Within the romance itself, the three episodes featuring the authoritative Laws of Love, their falsification, and finally their complete revision illustrate deconstruction of the “author function” through the force of the Platonic textual “drift” against which d'Urfé cautions his protagonists in his prefaces. At the same time, the revised Laws of Love announce means of collective composition prevalent in the later seventeenth century. The romance's sylvan cabinet thus reflects and resolves the dilemmas of authority and composition conceived in the prefaces' paternal Cabinet.

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Won, You-Yeon, and Doraiswami Ramkrishna. "Addition to “Revised Formulation of Fick’s, Fourier’s, and Newton’s Laws for Spatially Varying Linear Transport Coefficients”." ACS Omega 5, no. 51 (December 15, 2020): 33484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c02856.

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29

Wong, Baldwin. "Public Reason and Structural Coercion." Social Theory and Practice 46, no. 1 (2020): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract2019123174.

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Political liberals usually assume the coercion account, which argues that state actions should be publicly justified because they coerce citizens. Recently some critics object this account for it overlooks that some policies are non-coercive but still require public justification. My article argues that, instead of understanding coercion as particular laws or policies, it should be understood as the exercise of collective political power that shapes the basic structure. This revised coercion account explains why those ostensibly non-coercive policies are in fact coercive. Moreover, I argue that the alternative accounts suggested by critics fail, unless they assume the revised coercion account.

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Seppänen, Allan, and Markku Eronen. "Mental health law in Finland." International Psychiatry 9, no. 4 (November 2012): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003398.

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A tradition of Romano-Germanic or civil law defines the legal system in Finland. Laws of relevance to psychiatry are the 1990 Mental Health Act and, insofar as it pertains to forensic psychiatry, the Criminal Law (1889) and the Law on State Mental Hospitals (1987, revised 1997). These are outlined in the present paper.

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Massay, Emmanuel Michael. "A review on the prevailing gaps in women’s sexual and reproductive health rights in Tanzania’s National Health Policy 2017." Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v16i1.2021.1-11.

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Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are linked to numerous human rights; health, education, freedom from torture, protection from all forms of discrimination, and right of privacy. SRHR refers to a set of rights that every human being is entitled to, regardless of culture, race, religion, ethnicity, or disability. Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights have been taken for granted, especially in Tanzania’s health policies. However, Tanzania has several National Policies and Laws that affect women and men differently and in certain areas, they even contradict other existing laws. The prolonged poor SRHR shows the urgency of the reformation of the policies and laws. The analysis was carried out qualitatively through a reflection focused on the policy and other legal materials concerned. The study revealed that the policy does not cater enough for women’s SRHR. This study concludes that the policies are outdated and have a lot of loopholes. This has led the sexual and reproductive health system in Tanzania astray. The study concludes that the TNHP 2017 has to be reviewed and revised in order to meet the women’s SRHR and also to align it with some of the international policies and targets concerning sexual and reproductive health.

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Radhakrishnan, V. K. "Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action." Kantian journal 38, no. 2 (2019): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2019-2-3.

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A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way that would clarify the conceptual connection between maxims and laws. In this paper I argue that the revised interpretations of O’Neill and Beck stem from a mistaken reading of the fundamental basis of the classification of practical principles. To show this, I first argue that Kant distinguishes between maxims and laws on the bases of validity and reality. I then argue that although a practical principle necessarily has the feature of validity, its reality in actually moving the agents to action sufficiently makes a principle a practical principle. If this is so, I argue that the classification of practical principles must be based on the extent to which they are effective in human agents (i. e. their reality). Such a classification yields us three exhaustive and mutually exclusive types namely, “maxims that are not potential laws”, “maxims that are potential laws” and “laws that are not maxims”.

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Caraway, Teri L. "Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?" Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (August 2009): 153–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800002976.

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This article examines the impact of recent economic and political change on collective and individual labor rights in East Asia. Deploying a new index for measuring de jure and de facto labor rights, the article presents new comparative data on labor rights in the region. Democratization has produced stronger collective labor rights in much of the region, but labor laws in most countries still fall far short of international labor standards. East Asia's labor laws offer similar levels of protection for individual labor rights to the rest of the world when firing costs are taken into account, and low regional averages are primarily an effect of Singapore's extremely weak individual labor rights. Few countries have revised their labor laws in the direction of greater labor market flexibility. However, the distance between law and practice is wide, so improvements in laws are not necessarily reflected on the ground. Flexibility enters through the back door of ineffective labor law enforcement, which in turn has affected the organizing efforts of unions.

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Liu, Huichun. "National Regulations and Local Rules - A Hybrid Regulatory Model of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in China." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9673.

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This paper investigates the laws and regulations of China on the intelligent connected vehicles (ICV). After analyzing the current Chinese laws that are related to the ICVs, this paper makes a list of challenges that the current legal framework needs to face if (1) the ICV-related laws are not revised or new laws are not passed, and (2) there are no regulations or rules made to govern the legal issues of the ICVs. Then this paper starts to focus on the research into the national regulations and local government rules. In this part, literature review of the regulations of the central government and the rules of the local government is completed to investigate how this hybrid model works for the development of ICV industry in China. Detailed analysis of text of provisions is provided. The results indicate that the interaction and interconnection of the regulations at the national level and local government level form an underlying framework for the Chinese ICV industry by providing guidance, policies, and implementation rules.

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Kozmenkova, S. V., and V. I. Tsyganov. "Financial statement audit: An investigation into laws and regulations." International Accounting 23, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 141–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.4.414.

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Subject. This article deals with the matters related to the audit of financial statements. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the procedure for the study of financial and economic transactions in order to ensure compliance with legal documents regulating accounting and financial reporting. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, systematization, induction and deduction. Results. The article clarifies the objectives of financial statement audit, including verification of compliance of financial and economic transactions with the relevant regulations of the Russian Federation, as well as procedures for planning and documenting audit of financial statements based on the requirements of the International Standard on Auditing 250 (ISA 250) (revised). It also identifies problematic issues in the content of ISA 250 and formulates certain proposals to clarify it. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that both the global and Russian audit practices require a thorough review of compliance of activities and financial reporting with the regulations in order to achieve the audit goal. The results presented can be applied in both audit theory and practice.

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Gomez, James. "Dumbing down democracy: Trends in internet regulation, surveillance and control in Asia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i2.810.

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This article argues that the trends in state regulation, survelliance and control of the internet in Asia stand to effectively reduce political expression. A variety of international media watch and human rights organisations have noted that since September 2011, a slew of anti-terrorism laws have been adopted in Asia which place greater restrictions on the internet. Laws against online pornography, gambling, hate speech and spam have been revised to cover online political content and mobilisation. Such measures limit and reduce the space cyberactivists have to push the demogaphic agenda online. These cybersecurity measures, introduced as part of the 'war against terrorism', represent an extension of already draconian regulation in South-East Asian countries.

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Wasan, Pratibha, and Kalyani Mulchandani. "Corporate governance factors as predictors of earnings management." Journal of General Management 45, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307019872304.

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Unlike developed markets, emerging markets like India have greater imperfections, have information asymmetry, and are particularly different in terms of accounting transparency, corruption, and corporate governance (CG). Also, concentrated ownership structure of Indian firms is more conducive for opportunistic earnings management (EM). There has been high incidence of financial frauds and EM in India particularly through related party transactions. The CG regulations were revised and enhanced in the year 2014 but increasing cases of financial frauds and CG violations indicate insufficiency of CG laws in the country. Linking CG to financial information in a context where investor protection laws are still evolving is important. The contributions of the present study are: first, it assesses earnings quality (EQ) as a key outcome of EM to confirm, in the Indian context, one of the two opposing perspectives of EM, namely opportunistic and informational. Second, it creates empirical evidence on those firm attributes and CG mechanisms which can predict EQ for investors in India. Third, it provides inputs on the effectiveness of the revised regulations in controlling EM, and finally, it puts forward theoretical rationale for EM and CG practices in India.

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Isharyanto, Isharyanto, Maria Madalina, and Ayyub Torry Satryo Kusumo. "Responsive Laws to Support The Tourism Policy Based Local Pluralism." Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/aijmu20201.

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Local pluralism is a driver of tourism policy, with an emphasis on changing the quality of life. Decentralization gives legitimacy to each region to produce or produce various policies that are in accordance with regional needs, including in the field of tourism. In this regard, each region besides having the potential for tourism that is not the same, also competes to optimize local local potential. Considering the implementation of government affairs in the region, including tourism, requires an appropriate legal foundation, an analysis of the relevant laws and regulations is needed. This study confirms that Bali, Surakarta, and Batu endeavor culture as a form of local pluralism to sustain the local tourism policies. However, the three objects of observation in this study have differences in institutionalizing local pluralism in the tourism policy. Regional Regulations in Bali need to be revised, while conversely, in Surakarta and Batu need to make Regional Regulations on Tourism Based on Local Pluralism. Keywords: tourism; local pluralism; culture; tourism policy

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Joyce, Christopher. "and ‘all the laws’ (Andocides, On the Mysteries 81-2): A Reply to E. Carawan." Antichthon 48 (2014): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400004731.

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AbstractThe normal interpretation of the oath μή μνησικακεĩν in Greek legal terminology is ‘to forget past wrongs’. Conventionally, the Athenian amnesty of 403 BC, in which the phrase is best documented, has been understood as an undertaking by both sides to draw a line under the past and prevent revisitation of cases which predated the restoration of democracy in that year. This article defends that view against the revisionist interpretation of E. Carawan in JHS 122 (2002) and CQ 62 (2012), which claims (a) that there was no general amnesty when democracy was restored to Athens, and (b) that the scrutiny of laws which followed was limited to ones affecting the amnesty’s beneficiaries. The oath forbade prosecution of all crimes committed in the time of the Thirty or before, and was therefore more than a mere technicality which sealed specific terms of agreement between the warring factions who came to terms. The scrutiny of laws encompassed all the laws of Athens and not a subset pertaining to a limited set of concerns. The revised laws were re-inscribed in the environs of the Stoa Basileios for future consultation.

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Moore, Mark W. "Hominin Stone Flaking and the Emergence of ‘Top-down’ Design in Human Evolution." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 4 (July 14, 2020): 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000190.

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The philosopher Daniel Dennett argues that complex structures in the natural and cultural worlds emerge from two types of design. Bottom-up design involves the rote action of a simple algorithm in an environment constrained by physical laws. Top-down design involves deliberation and planning, and is unique to modern humans. Identifying the emergence of top-down design in the hominin lineage is an important research challenge, and the archaeological record of stone technology is our best evidence for it. A current view is that artefact types and flaking methods increased in complexity from 3.3 to c. 0.3 million years ago, reflecting improving capacities at spatial cognition and working memory, culminating in top-down design perhaps as early as 1.75 million years ago. Recent experimental work, however, has shown that a simple ‘remove flake’ algorithm constrained by the laws of fracture mechanics—a form of bottom-up design—can produce stone tool attributes thought to be evidence of top-down design. Here, these models are reviewed and critiqued in light of the new experimental evidence. A revised working memory-based model, focusing on the recursive aspects of stone flaking, is proposed.

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Brady, Nancy C., Susan Bruce, Amy Goldman, Karen Erickson, Beth Mineo, Bill T. Ogletree, Diane Paul, et al. "Communication Services and Supports for Individuals With Severe Disabilities: Guidance for Assessment and Intervention." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 121, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.2.121.

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Abstract The National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of People With Severe Disabilities (NJC) reviewed literature regarding practices for people with severe disabilities in order to update guidance provided in documents originally published in 1992. Changes in laws, definitions, and policies that affect communication attainments by persons with severe disabilities are presented, along with guidance regarding assessment and intervention practices. A revised version of the Communication Bill of Rights, a powerful document that describes the communication rights of all individuals, including those with severe disabilities is included in this article. The information contained within this article is intended to be used by professionals, family members, and individuals with severe disabilities to inform and advocate for effective communication services and opportunities.

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42

Hedberg, Sten. "Authorities and Electronic Publishing: An Overview of the Efforts to Apply Library Legislation and Established Organizational Patterns to Electronic Publications." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 8, no. 2 (August 1996): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909600800205.

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The emergence of electronic publishing has brought a need to revise established rules and standards within the information sector. Several countries have revised or are about to revise their legal deposit laws in order to safeguard new forms of published information. One of the first of these appeared in Norway in 1990; delivery is likely to be replaced by access during the active time of online service, after which the final version of the database will be delivered for archiving. There is a risk that countries such as Sweden, where legal deposit applies only to electronic documents such as CD-ROMs that are distributed through the usual retail channels, will lose that part of their cultural heritage that is accessible online only. ‘Metadata’ – bibliographical and other information on the document – should help to ensure that it continues to be accessible. ISO work on standardization for bibliographic references to electronic documents is nearly complete, and IFLA has updated the rules for standard bibliographic description for computer files.

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Howland, Jonathan, Holly Hackman, Alcy Torres, Julia Campbell, and Jonathan Olshaker. "It is time to rewrite state youth sports concussion laws." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 2021): e000959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000959.

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Between 2009 and 2014, all 50 states and the District of Columbia passed legislation to improve the recognition and management of youth concussed in sports. These laws can include requirements for concussion training for school athletic personnel, concussion education for children and their parents, return-to-play (RTP) procedures, and medical clearance to for RTP. Concussion can impact academic learning and performance in children and adolescents. Postconcussion academic accommodations during recovery can be an important component of secondary prevention for mitigating the sequalae of head injury. Few state youth concussion laws, however, include provision of postconcussion return-to-learn (RTL) accommodations and most of those that do address RTL apply to student athletes only. Concussions may occur in youth who are not participating in organised sports (eg, falls, traffic crashes) and thus may not be subjected to RTL accommodations, even if the state mandates such procedures for athletes. Low income and students of colour may be more likely to have non-sports concussions than their more affluent and white peers, thus potentially creating demographic disparities in the benefits of RTL procedures. State youth sports concussion laws should be revised so that they include RTL provisions that apply to all students, athletes and non-athletes alike.

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Angeletti, Silvia. "Blasphemy Laws and Incitement to Religious Hatred: Italian Legal Standards and Social Developments." Religion and Human Rights 9, no. 2-3 (August 1, 2014): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-12341269.

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Focusing on the Italian legal system, this article aims to explore old and new legal remedies applicable to cases of religious hatred. Traditionally, institutional religions are granted legal protection through criminal sanctions of blasphemy. Included in the Criminal Code since 1889 and revised in 2006, norms regarding blasphemy are conceived to protect religious feelings, which are considered as part of the inner conscience of the faithful as well as an element of collective religious identity. However, social developments and an increasingly multicultural and multi-religious society reveal questions and issues that need to be legally addressed. One of the most controversial of these is the intertwining of race and religion as grounds for hate discourse, which must be tackled through specific legal instruments, banning racial, ethnic and religious hate speech and intolerance.

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Schnelle, Michael A., and Janet C. Cole. "REVISION OF A CERTIFIED NURSERYMAN'S MANUAL." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 671d—671. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.671d.

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A nursery certification manual was originally designed to provide initial and/or continuing education to nursery employees. Industry leaders wrote a manual and corresponding examination to initiate a pilot program. This manual has been revised by Oklahoma State University faculty in cooperation with the Oklahoma State Nurserymen's Association. The revised manual covers basic plant science, ornamental and related garden center plant materials, growth and cultural management concepts, basic business guidelines and current laws and regulations governing the nursery industry. After studying the 20 chapter manual, a rigorous examination is administered. Over 100 nursery workers have been certified to date. Employers have reported increased efficiency from these certified workers. Enhanced public confidence is another advantage to the Oklahoma Certified Nurseryman's Program. This program is likely to be adopted by most retail nurseries in the state.

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Powell, G. Bingham. "Representation in Context: Election Laws and Ideological Congruence Between Citizens and Governments." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 1 (March 2013): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712003635.

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Democratic theory assumes that successful democratic representation will create close ideological congruence between citizens and their governments. The success of different types of election rules in creating such congruence is an ongoing target of political science research. As often in political science, a widely demonstrated empirical finding, the greater congruence associated with proportional representation election rules, has ceased to hold. I suggest that systematically taking account in our theories of conditional effects of local context can often provide a remedy. The systematic incorporation of levels of political party polarization into theory of election laws and ideological congruence extended the temporal and spatial range of the theory. Data from the Comparative Manifesto research program and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) research program are used to test the revised theory empirically. Suggestions for generalizing our theories of political context are offered. The results of this research continue the interactions between substantive research, ongoing political events, and the great normative issues of representation and democracy.

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Smith-Gagen, Julie, Larissa L. White, Amanda Santos, Shaun M. Hasty, Wei-Chen Tung, and Minggen Lu. "Scope-of-practice laws and expanded health services: the case of underserved women and advanced cervical cancer diagnoses." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210709.

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BackgroundUnderserved women (rural, minority or poor) are disproportionally diagnosed with late-stage cervical cancer, indicative of inadequate access to, and use of, preventative healthcare. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has proposed that nurse practitioners (NP) can address provider shortages among underserved populations, but to reduce shortages, scope-of-practice laws that restrict the delivery of care, must be revised. We examined the IOM recommendation of NP expanded scope-of-practice laws on reducing the disparity of underserved women diagnosed with late-stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe examined the cohort of 10 673 women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2010 and 2014 and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry. We linked state-level laws regarding NP scope-of-practice to patients with cancer by their state of residence, diagnosis date and law enactment date. Hierarchical regression was used to explore NP full scope-of-practice law’s impact on late-stage cancer diagnoses considering the moderating effect of women living in medically underserved areas. We adjusted for known confounders available in this population-based data set.ResultsMedically underserved women living in states with laws that restrict NP full scope-of-practice are twofold more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer; adjusted OR and 95% CI (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.1). These disparities were not observed among underserved women living in areas with NP full scope-of-practice laws (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).ConclusionsNP full scope-of-practice laws could provide a pragmatic and cost-effective solution to healthcare provider shortages associated with late stage of cervical cancer diagnoses among underserved women.

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Ghahramani, Salar. "Divestment laws, fiduciary duty, and pension fund management: an empirical examination." International Journal of Law and Management 56, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2011-0007.

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Purpose – This paper aims to conduct an empirical analysis of subnational laws of the USA that require public pension funds to divest from companies that are in business with Cuba, Iran, Syria, and Sudan and explores whether public fund officials may be in violation of their fiduciary duty responsibilities toward pension system beneficiaries as they execute state-mandated divestment schemes. Design/methodology/approach – A database search was conducted for specific federal laws, presidential executive orders, and departments, offices, and terminology relevant to the topic of the research to explore the extent by which states employ public pension divestment regimes inspired by the federal governments designation of the four countries labeled as state sponsors of terrorism. Quantitative and financial calculations were used to conduct the cost analysis of divestment laws. Findings – Divestment laws are costly for the beneficiaries. In the majority of the states that have divestment laws, the public funds, rather than the states, must cover the losses associated with divestment, resulting in pension fund trustees and managers having to take action that are in violation of their fiduciary duty responsibilities. Research limitations/implications – The study recommends a major overhaul of the current divestment laws. Practical implications – Divestment legislations must be revised as they cause a divergence of interests between state-driven political gestures, the fiduciary responsibilities of pension system trustees, and the financial interests of the beneficiaries. Originality/value – This is the first study that recommends specific legislative action that would resolve the divergence of interests between state-driven political gestures, the fiduciary responsibilities of pension system trustees, and the financial interests of the beneficiaries.

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Nagata, K., M. Nakatani, and S. Yoshida. "A revised rate- and state-dependent friction law obtained by constraining constitutive and evolution laws separately with laboratory data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117, B2 (February 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008818.

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KOZLOV, Dmitry Aleksandrovich. "Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.1(49).24.

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The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Revised laws'

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