Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Revised taxonomy'
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Coleman, Vada M. "National Music Education Standards and Adherence to Bloom's Revised Taxonomy." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1048.
Full textDeForest, Reynolds Siri Torrence. "Validating Bloom's Revised Taxonomy as a Rubric for Assessing Middle School Students' Levels of Thinking." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6990.
Full textLee, Yoon Suk. "An Approach to Identify Effective Learning Outcomes for a Training Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36462.
Full textMaster of Science
Ridenour, Ty Andrew. "Utility analyses of the Psychopathy checklist, revised, and Moffit's Taxonomy for a rehabilitation program for juvenile delinquents." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027111.
Full textDepartment of Educational Psychology
Wheeler, Donald. "Using a summative assessment alignment model and the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to improve curriculum development, instruction, and evaluation." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342741571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBorgelind, Andreas, and Bassel Mekhelif. "Det som inte prövas är lika viktigt : En kartläggning av samstämmighet mellan Lgr 11 och de nationella proven i historia och religion för årskurs 6." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31644.
Full textMathumbu, David. "The knowledge and cognitive process dimensions of technology teachers’ lesson objectives." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36788.
Full textDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted
Sagaskie, Erin Elizabeth. "The Effect of Instruction in Alternative Solutions on American Ninth-Grade Algebra I Students' Problem Solving Performance." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/969.
Full textJansson, Tobias. "Provkunskaper : Vilka kunskaper testas i geografiprov?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelning för geografi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68251.
Full textMekhelif, Bassel. "Vad är det som prövas? : En kartläggning av samstämmighet mellan Lgr 11:s kunskapskrav för ämnet biologi och de nationella proven i biologi för årskurs 6." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32910.
Full textDaniel, Bethany Rae. "Defining Critical Thinking for the 21st Century World Language Classroom." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4288.
Full textWoods, Charles. "Discourse Indicative of Computational Thinking within a Virtual Community." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703290/.
Full textJansson, Tobias. "Vad kommer på provet? : Gymnasielärares provpraxis i samhällskunskap." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för de samhällsvetenskapliga ämnenas didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6716.
Full textPerry, Heather Marina. "Implementation of the National Curriculum for physical development in the reception year." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25386.
Full textDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
Magwele, Peter. "Teaching higher order thinking skills in the English first additional language learning classroom : a case of five intermediate classrooms in Mankweng Circuit." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2893.
Full textThere is a universal consensus among educationalists and cognitive development theorists that integration of higher order thinking (HOT) in language teaching has farreaching positive implications in learners‘ future. Their extensive body of research clearly indicates the interrelationship between language and thinking. It shows that to develop well-rounded learners who can later deal capably with varying demands of the 21st century, teaching them linguistic and cognitive skills concurrently is a prerequisite. However, there is still a dearth of language teaching classroom-based data to be collected to ascertain which language pedagogic practices promote thinking or not. Hence, a qualitative exploratory case study was conducted to address this gap. The study was undertaken in five intermediate English FAL classes in Mankweng circuit. The aim was to establish whether HOT is encouraged in the intermediate English FAL classes. The study used two data analysis techniques: firstly, Tesch‘s inductive coding technique was used to analyse semi-structured interview results sourced from five English FAL teachers. They were sampled for the study to assess their conceptualisation of HOT and its application in their language classes. Contrastingly, Anderson and Krathwohl‘s (2001) framework was used to analyse one Grade 4 English workbook. To determine if its exercises‘ instructional verbs were promoting HOT or not; to check if the questions in its exercises were equally distributed over all the six levels of Bloom's revised Taxonomy of the cognitive domain; and to evaluate if there was an incremental introduction of HOTs in its exercises through the year. The results revealed the following: the five teachers could not conceptualise HOT and showed poor knowledge of how to teach it in their classes. The instructional verbs did not comprehensively encourage HOT; those which did were only pitched at the third level of thinking i.e. apply; most of the questions were in favour of low order thinking and there was little incremental introduction of the three top levels of Bloom‘s revised taxonomy in Grade 4 English FAL workbook specifically analyse, evaluate and create/design. Key words: High order thinking skills, cognitive domain, high order thinking and Bloom‘s revised taxonomy.
Estrada, Francisco Adolfo Brusquetti [UNESP]. "Taxonomic review of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) and related species (Anura : Hylidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99509.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Scinax fuscomarginatus, S. parkeri, S. trilineatus e a recentemente descrita S. lutzorum são espécies muito similares morfologicamente que ocorrem em formações abertas da America do Sul ao leste dos Andes. Scinax parkeri e S. trilineatus tiveram sua validade taxonômica questionada enquanto S. fuscomarginatus é considerada por vários autores como um complexo de espécies. Levando em conta a similaridade morfológica e a incerteza taxonômica, nesse trabalho revisamos a taxonomia de Scinax fuscomarginatus, S. trilineatus, S. parkeri e S. lutzorum usando dados de morfologia externa, cantos de anúncio e sequências moleculares. Os principais objetivos foram investigar a existência de outras espécies sob o nome S. fuscomarginatus e avaliar o status taxonômico de S. parkeri, S. trilineatus, S. lutzorum e Hyla madeirae (único sinônimo de S. fuscomarginatus). Nas análises filogenéticas com dados moleculares encontramos uma profunda e rica estrutura genética tanto intra quanto inter-especifica. As amostras incluídas formaram um grupo monofilético bem suportado que está estruturado em vários clados e subclados. Hyla madeirae e a população da Serra do Cachimbo correspondem a subclados distintos enquanto as espécies atualmente válidas (S. fuscomarginatus, S. parkeri, S. trilineatus e S. lutzorum) se agrupam em um único clado. Este clado apresenta subestrutura marcada, mas a concordância entre subclados e as espécies reconhecidas é limitada. A alta variação intraespecífica e intrapopulacional encontrada nos caracteres morfológicos usados para a diagnose original das espécies não permitiu a diferenciação entre S. parkeri, S. trilineatus, S. lutzorum e S. fuscomarginatus. Entretanto, alguns caracteres permitem a distinção de Hyla madeirae e dos espécimens da Serra do Cachimbo
Scinax fuscomarginatus, S. parkeri, S. trilineatus and the recently described S. lutzorum are morphologically very similar species that occur in open formations of South America east of the Andes. Scinax parkeri and S. trilineatus had its taxonomic validity questioned, and S. fuscomarginatus is considered by many authors as a species complex. Given the morphological similarity and taxonomic uncertainty, we review the taxonomy of Scinax fuscomarginatus, S. parkeri, S. trilineatus, and S. lutzorum using data from external morphology, advertisement calls and molecular sequences. The main goals were to investigate the existence of other species under the name S. fuscomarginatus and assess the taxonomic status of S. parkeri, S. trilineatus, S. lutzorum and Hyla madeirae (the only synonym within S. fuscomarginatus). In the phylogenetic analysis obtained with the molecular data we found rich and deep genetic structure both within and between species. The samples included formed a well supported monophyletic group that is divided into several clades and subclades. The specimens of Hyla madeirae and those from Serra do Cachimbo corresponded to distinct subclades while the currently valid species (S. fuscomarginatus, S. parkeri, S. and S. trilineatus lutzorum) were grouped into a single clade. This clade showed marked substructure, but the concordance of the recognized species to subclades were limited. The high intrapopulation and intraspecific variation found in morphological characters used for the original diagnoses did not allow us to differ among S. parkeri, S. trilineatus, S. lutzorum and S. fuscomarginatus. However, some characters support the distinction of Hyla madeirae and specimens from Serra do Cachimbo. Similarly, none of valid species were distinguishable in morphometric analysis while Hyla madeirae and the specimens from Serra do Cachimbo showed a trend in having wider heads
Scalon, Viviane Renata. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Stryphnodendron Mart. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-29012008-113442/.
Full textLeguminosae - Mimosoideae comprises 80 genera and about 3,300 species, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, although some genera can reach temperate areas. We reviewed species from Stryphnodendron, which presents Neotropical distribution with northern limit in Nicaragua and southern limit in Paraná state, Brazil. This study was based on bibliographical review, consults to the main Brazilian, North American and European herbaria, and field expeditions to the genus\' natural occurrence areas. Stryphnodendron includes 36 taxa; about 89% of which occur in Brazil, and ca. 50% of these are exclusive of this country. It can be found at several kinds of vegetations, mainly at Cerrado and Amazon Forest. Only four species have not been reported to Brazil: S. excelsum Harms (Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), S. levelii R.S.Cowan (Venezuela), S. moricolor Barneby & Grimes (French Guiana) and S. porcatum D.A.Neill & Occhioni f. (Ecuador). Based on its external morphology, Stryphnodendron can be characterized by its spineless habit, ferruginous terminal portion of shoots, bipinnate leaves (with extrafloral nectaries), flowers with 5¬fused sepals, 5-fused petals, corolla 2 to 6 mm long, 10 stamens, the filaments free or sometimes united just near the base, short-stipitate ovary, spike-arranged flowers, nucoid legume or follicle fruits (sensu Barroso et al. 1999), septate, and endospermous seeds with apical-basal pleurograms. We defined four distribution patterns within Stryphnodendron, twelve lectotipifications, six new synonyms, two new combinations, one species reestablishment, one nomenclatural status change, three excluded species and two were kept as doubtful names. Nine new species were also detected: Stryphnodendron conicum, Stryphnodendron dryaticum, Stryphnodendronfasciatum, Stryphnodendron holosericeum, Stryphnodendron orinocense, Stryphnodendron procerum, Stryphnodendron riparium, Stryphnodendron velutinum e Stryphnodendron venosum.
Vieira, Leandro Manzoni. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-01052013-152058/.
Full textThe genus Scrupocellaria sensu lato (Family Candidae) comprises about 92 species, 20 fossil and 72 Recent. Many of the species are morphologically similar or have been treated taxonomically as having a high degree of morphological plasticity, with distributions of many of the species being reported to be \"worldwide\". Despite the long taxonomic history of Scrupocellaria and its occurrence in habitats ranging from intertidal to deep water, taxonomic studies of the genus are scarce. Therefore the purpose of this study was: (i) to carry out a species survey of Scrupocellaria, (ii) to delimit the intraspecific morphological variations of species, (iii) to analyze the comparative morphology of Scrupocellaria in order to propose a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus. This study included both colonies collected in various localities on Brazilian coast and material of non-Brazilian species deposited at scientific collections around the world. All specimens were studied by light microscopy. Some specimens were also chosen for study with the scanning electron microscope. Specimens studied included holotypes of 32 species, syntypes of 22 species and 1 lectotype. Some morphological characters were used for the first time to distinguish taxa, e.g. rhizoidal surface, size of abfrontal vibracula, and shape of lateral and frontal avicularia. The lectotype of Scrupocellaria reptans was selected to redescribe and define the identity of the type species of Scrupocellaria from specimens described by Carolus Linnaeus, and to show its distinction from a newly described species from North Sea by means of the shape of scuta, size of zooids and, occurence of rhizoids with retroussé hooks. Scrupocellaria jolloisii is reported by first time in the Atlantic Ocean and placed in the genus Licornia, a name resurrected to acommodate 9 species formerly placed in Scrupocellaria: Licornia annectens n. comb., Licornia cervicornis n. comb., Licornia cyclostoma n. comb., Licornia diadema n. comb., Licornia ferox n. comb., Licornia gaspari n. comb., Licornia longispinosa n. comb., Licornia macropora n. comb. e Licornia prolata n. comb. A new genus, N.gen.1, is described to include Scrupocellaria bertholletii. Twenty-six species, 19 of them described as new, are assigned to N.gen.1, and a taxonomic key for species of that genus is presented. A phylogenetic study using 35 morphological characters of 84 Candidae species suggests that the genus Scrupocellaria is a polyphyletic taxa and the genus N.gen.1 is a monophyletic taxa. Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' is redefined according to four morphological features: vibracular chamber with curved setal groove, ooecium with a single ectooecial fenestra, two axillary vibracula and a membranous operculum with a distinct distal rim. Thus Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' includes 10 species: Scrupocellaria aegeensis, Scrupocellaria delilii, Scrupocellaria harmeri, Scrupocellaria incurvata, Scrupocellaria inermis, Scrupocellaria intermedia, Scrupocellaria jullieni, Scrupocellaria minuta, Scrupocellaria scrupea, and Scrupocellaria scruposa. Five genera are erected to include other species previously assigned to Scrupocellaria; they are distinct in the shape of scuta and oral spines, the shape of vibracular chamber and the surface of ovicells. The study revealed a high diversity in some groups of Candidae and the necessity of additional studies on taxonomy and phylogeny of the family to provide a better understanding of distributions, morphological variation, and phylogenetic relationships between the taxa
Nascimento, Fabio Oliveira do. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Leopardus Gray, 1842 (Carnivora, Felidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-09122010-104050/.
Full textLeopardus Gray, 1842 has a wide geographic range in the Neotropical region and in the southern portion of the Neartic Region, occurring from the southernmost part of the United States throughout South America to Patagonia. To the present time eight species are recognized for this genus and, as for the majority of species of medium to large size mammals, the Neotropical cats of the genus Leopardus is often associated to a stable taxonomy; nevertheless a high morphological variation throughout its distributional range is evident. Despite the efforts to elucidate the taxonomy of the genus Leopardus by different authors along many decades, there are disagreements in recognizing the number of taxa at generic and specific levels, what has originated an extensive diversity of taxonomical schemes. Aiming to characterize the taxa in its morphological and morphometric aspects; to describe intra and interspecific variation; to establish the distributional range of each recognized species; to provide a synonym and to attribute valid names that can be assigned to the species I analyzed 591 specimens of Leopardus deposited in several scientific collections in Brazil and abroad. I checked 29 cranial measurements and analyzed 14 morphological traits. In order to investigate inter and intraspecific variations; the existence of sexual dimorphism and geographical divergence, I submitted cranial and morphological data to uni and multivariate statistic tests. From the gathered data I recognized 16 valid species for the genus Leopardus. I elevated all four subspecies of Leopardus tigrinus to species level (Leopardus tigrinus, L. guttulus, L. oncilla, L. pardinoides); for L. pajeros I defined as valid the species L. pajeros, L. budini, L. garleppi, and for L. braccatus I considered the subspecies L. bracattus munoai as a full species - L. munoai. Leopardus pardalis is restricted to Nicaragua and north from it and has a mainly grayish pelage, whereas the southern species herein named Leopardus mittis presents a yellowish brown shade. In this taxonomical arrangement six species can be found in the Brazilian territory (L. mittis, L. tigrinus, L. wiedii, L. guttulus, L. geoffroyi, L. braccatus).
Giovannetti, Victor. "Revisão taxonômica de Galeocharax Fowler, 1910 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-18032015-150106/.
Full textGaleocharax Fowler is a genus of freshwater fishes distributed throughout most South American cis-Andean river systems, except the rio São Francisco and rio Xingu basins and the eastern drainages of Brazil. The species reach up to 25 cm in length, and feed on fishes and invertebrates. They reproduce throughout the year, and do not seem to show any parental care or migratory behaviour. Four species have been considered as valid in the genus: Galeocharax humeralis (Valenciennes, 1834), from rio Paraguay and lower rio Paraná basins; Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870), from rio Amazonas and rio Tocantins basins; Galeocharax knerii (Steindachner, 1878), from upper rio Paraná basin and Galeocharax goeldii from rio Madeira basin. A previous study suggested the existence of a possible non described species of Galeocharax from the rio Orinoco basin. In addition, a preliminary examination of recently collected specimens revealed that the genus is more widely distributed than previously registred. In addition the overlap of some diagnostic characteristic for some species was observed. The main objective of the current study was to undertake a taxonomic revision of Galeocharax in order to determine how many species can be considered as valid and to estimate their geographical distributions. A total of 1226 specimens were examined from which 677 had meristic ans morphometric data taken. Osteological and morfological features were examined by in radiographs, scanning eletron microscope images and in dissected cleared and stained specimens. Three species are recognized as valid: Galeocharax humeralis, Galeocharax goeldii, with records of geographical distibution expanded to the rio Madre de Dios, rio Beni, rio Mamoré and rio Guaporé basins and Galeocharax gulo, which is widespread throughout rio Amazonas, rio Orinoco, rio Tocantins and upper rio Paraná basins. The examination of specimens performed in the current study, including specimens from localities not sampled previously showed that both characteristics used to differentiate Galeocharax gulo form Galeocharax knerii, (i.e. body depth and number of teeth on the posterior row of the dentary) show almost total overlap of their range of variation. Therefore, Galeocharax knerii is herein considered as a junior synonym of Galeocharax gulo. The morphology of the bony hooks present in the anal and pelvic fins of mature males and in the anal fin of some females and the morphology of the spinoid scales were illustrated and characterized. An identification key to the species of Galeocharax is presented
Matos, Lilian Duarte de. "Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Cycloramphus do grupo eleutherodactylus (Anura, Cycloramphidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-19012012-155624/.
Full textThe Cycloramphidae family includes anurans distributed in the northeastern, southeastern, and northwestern Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, and Argentina. The genus Cycloramphus is part of this family and includes streams dweller and forest litter dweller species from the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil. The most recent taxonomic revision of the group occurred about 25 years ago and indicated the presence of morphological variation in Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus - the species with broader distribution in the genus. The available sample did not allow then to assess whether these variations were indicative of specific differences, though. In this study 16 morfometric caracters and 13 qualitative characters of 368 specimens of Cycloramphus from 46 locations different locations were analyzed. Based on observation and multivariate analysis, the study showed that two new species should be recognized among the forms currently identified as Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus. This discovery is extremely important to the views of taxonomic, evolutionary and conservation. Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus is ranked in the list of endangered species under categories deficient data. This study contributes with new data the species complex, on the patterns of differentiation in frogs with terrestrial reproduction of the Atlantic Forest, and the history of this endangered habitat.
Bocalini, Fernanda. "Revisão taxonômica e filogenia do complexo Cyphorhinus arada (Hermann, 1783) (Aves: Troglodytidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-02062014-114153/.
Full textThe genus Cyphorhinus is a member of the Troglodytidae family, and their species range from Honduras, in Central America, to the North of Mato Grosso in Brazil and Northern Bolivia. Currently the genus comprises three species: C. thoracicus; C. phaeocephalus and C. arada. The C. arada complex is endemic form the Amazon forest and has eight recognized subspecies: C. a. arada, C. a. salvini, C. a. modulator, C. a. transfluvialis, C. a. interpositus, C. a. griseolateralis, C. a. urbanoi and C. a. faroensis. A large geographical variation has been detected in this group, both in plumage patterns and in the vocalizations; however, no extensive taxonomic review has been done so far. This genus also has eight other taxa, six in the C. phaeocephalus complex and two subordinates to C. thoracicus. A phylogeny encompassing the relationship of the three species of this genus has never been proposed. The objective of this project was to review the taxonomy of the Cyphorhinus arada complex based on morphological and vocal characters, as well as to propose a complete phylogenetic hypothesis of the Cyphorhinus genus. It has been analyzed 672 specimens and 179 tape-recordings of the entire genus. The taxonomic revision revealed that the C. arada complex could be divided into six diferent phylogenetic species; C. a. urbanoi and C. a. faroensis were synonymized into C. arada and the remaining subspecies (transfluvialis, modulator, salvini, interpositus and griseolateralis) had morphological and vocal characters that allowed us to consider them as a valid species. The geographic distribution pattern of these six species followed nearly the same pattern of the Amazonian areas of endemism. For the phylogenetic analyses, 19 integumentary (color patterns) and three vocal characters were assembled. Four equally parsimonious trees were obtained. The topology of strict consensus cladogram presented many polytomies; on it the monophyly of the genus was corroborated, C. t. thoracicus and C. t. dichrous form a clade that is the sister group of the remaining taxa as well as the C. phaeocephalus and C. arada complexes forms a monophyletic group together. The biogeographic analysis revealed that the relationship between the species of the C. arada complex and their corresponding areas of endemism are poorly supported by previous studies. Therefore, it is recommended to use other data from different sources, such as molecular and osteological, for a better understanding of the phylogenetic affinities of the valid taxa recognized in this study
Giroti, André Marsola. "Revisão taxonômica das aranhas neotropicais do gênero Ariadna Audouin, 1826 (Araneae, Segestriidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-24032014-101512/.
Full textThe genus Ariadna Audouin, 1826 currently comprises 99 of the 119 described species of Segestriidae. Its distribution comprises all continents (except Antarctica), but is found most on the tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, a taxonomic revision of Ariadna in the Neotropical region is presented, together with detailed descriptions of the body morphology, and male and female genitalia. After the examination of nearly 2200 type and non-type specimens from 24 national and international collections, we detected 30 species taxonomically valid for the Neotropical region, 22 previously described and eight new: Ariadna sp. n. 1, Ariadna sp. n. 3, Ariadna sp. n. 4, Ariadna sp. n. 6, Ariadna sp. n. 7 e Ariadna sp. n. 8 from Brazil; Ariadna sp. n. 2 from Central America e Ariadna sp. n. 5 from Chile. The following taxa are newly synonymized: A. pragmatic with A. bicolor, A. gracilis and A. conspersa with A. obscura, A. murphyi with A. tarsalis, A. pusilla with A. maxima, A. dubia with A. boliviana, e A. spinifera with A. mollis. Two species were proposed as nomina dubia: A. solitaria and A. tubicola. The allotype of A. crassipalpa described by Camargo (1950) and the paratype of A. levii described by Grismado (2008) were identified as A. mollis and A. maxima, respectively. The male of A. cephalotes and the female of A. calilegua are described for the first time. Twenty five species were placed in six groups: bicolor group, arthuri group, mollis group, boliviana group, araucana group and sp. n. 6 group, based in putative synapomorphies between the species. Five species were not placed in any of the groups due to the incompatibility between the morphological characters presented by them and the grouped species: A. maxima, A. cephalotes, A. tovarensis, A. fidicina and A. abrilae. The grouping hypothesis presented in this study, reinforced the position of some of the species grouped by Beatty (1970)
Carrijo, Tiago Fernandes. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Spinitermes Wasmann, 1897 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-24072009-100426/.
Full textThis is the taxonomic revision of the South American genus Spinitermes Wasmann, 1897 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). I studied 399 samples including all those from MZUSP and others from institutions that I requested material as loans. The species of this genus feed on decomposed organic matter and occurs in both the soil and in the epigeal nests constructed, mainly, by species of the genus Cornitermes (Termitidae, Syntermitinae). Using morphological characters, mainly from soldiers, I clustered the six species already known and the three new ones into three groups: Grupo allognathus: Spinitermes allognathus, S. sp. A, new species and S. sp. B, n.sp.; Grupo robustus: S. robustus; and Grupo trispinosus, that I subdivided, accordantly to the enteric valves characteristics, into two subgroups: Subgrupo de V.E. lisa: S. longiceps, S. nigrostomus, S. trispinosus and S. sp. C, n.sp., and Subgrupo de V.E. rugosa: S. brevicornutus. I described all castes of the three groups and made diagnoses for the species and subgroups; I also made illustrations of the soldier and imago, when presents, for all species and the pronote, mandibles, galea, lacinia, digestive tube in situ, enteric valve and crop from workers of the three groups. In addition, I present a dicotomic key for identification of the species using soldiers and geographic distributions maps for all species.
Caires, Rodrigo Antunes. "Revisão taxonômica, anatomia esquelética e filogenia do gênero Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Eleotridae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-15102012-082621/.
Full textThis project entails a study on taxonomy, skeletal anatomy and phylogeny of Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eleotrinae). Members from this genus are very common in tributaries of the Orinoco and the Amazon Basin, but remained poorly known in taxonomic terms. Two of the three nominal species have been validated, a new species and two undescribed species were discovered: Microphilypnus ternetzi Myers (Negro, Orinoco, Amazon, Madeira, Tapajos, and Tocantins basins) (M. amazonicus Myers is a junior synonym); Microphilypnus macrostoma Myers (Negro and Orinoco basins); Microphilypnus acangaquara Caires & Figueiredo (lower Tapajós); Microphilypnus sp. 1 (lower Tapajós) and Microphilypnus sp. 2 (Aripuanã River). The study of skeletal anatomy was based on 17 cleared and stained specimens; it was found that the bone structures are similar to those of other members of Gobioidei, and it is postulated that species of this genus miniaturized by neoteny. For phylogenetic analysis, all Microphilypnus species and Gobiodei taxa from the institutions CAS, INPA, MZUSP and USNM were examined, totaling 56 terminals and 145 morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in 43 most parsimonious trees with 1072 steps, CI = 0.22 and RI: 0.57. The relationships among Microphilypnus species that were retrieved in cladogram were: (Microphilypnus macrostoma (M. ternetzi (Microphilypnus sp. 1 (M. acangaquara + Microphilypnus sp. 2))), indicating a possibly parapatric speciation in this genus. In strict consensus, Microphilypnus figured in a polytomy other eleotrins, but in the majority-rule consensus it was nested with two freshwater genera: Leptophilypnus, from the Central America, and Philypnodon, from Australia, suggesting that invasion of freshwater in this genus may have been ancient. In the phylogenetic hypothesis of this project, Eleotrinae figured as a non-monophyletic group, with Gobiomorus constituting a more basal branch; Gobiidae emerged as a monophyletic group, but not the subfamilies Gobiinae, Gobionellinae and Gobiosomatini. Diagnostic characters and the relationships of Eleotrinae and subfamilies of Gobiidae are discussed herein. Additional phylogenetic studies based on morphological data are also proposed
Santos, Andressa Pinter dos. "\"Estudos sobre a taxonomia e a distribuição dos peixes da família Myctophidae (Actinopterygii: Myctophiformes) no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-08062003-124347/.
Full textFrom an ecological point of view the Myctophidae fishes constitute the most important group of the mesopelagic fauna, considering as much as number of species, as biomass. They are part of the diet of a great variety of cetaceans and marine fishes. They also represent a remarkable animal protein source, although not directly exploited. Besides these fishes have important role at energy transference from the upper productive zones to deeper, trophically poorer, through a daily vertical migratory behavior of hundreds of meters. The material of this study results from a Program of Evaluation of the Sustainable Potential of the Livings Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone (Revizee Program), in which sampling was done using mid water trawl on board R/V Atlântico Sul, between 100 and 1500 meters deep, latitudes between 20oS and 30oS, during winter of 1996, autumn and spring of 1997, and autumn and spring of 1999. The descriptive morphological characteristics of the 37 collected species were analyzed and compared to the morphological data of specimes collected from other regions of Atlantic Ocean, according to the literature. The analysis of these comparisons showed that 17 of the species presented at least one consistent morphological difference in the studied characters, suggesting isolation and differentiation in the studied area. Moreover, information concerning geographical distribution of these species at the Atlantic Ocean are presented and argued front to the biogeographics patterns established by researchers of the mesopelagical ichthyofauna of the referred ocean. It is evident that despite the contribution of the present study to the knowledge of these fishes in this region, the quantity of samples analyzed until now in the South Atlantic Ocean is still small so that the taxonomic knowledge and distribution of the Myctophidae becomes conclusive.
Biffi, Gabriel. "Análise cladística de Chauliognathini sensu Miskimen, 1961 e revisão de Microdaiphron Pic, 1926 (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Chauliognathinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-22032018-151227/.
Full textThe subfamily Chauliognathini Champion, 1914 is composed of two tribes: Chauliognathini LeConte, 1861 e Ichthyurini Champion, 1915. In Miskimen\'s (1961) classification the species of each tribe differ in terms of the length of elytra, which may are long, covering the abdomen (Chauliognathini) or very short, exposing the wings and abdominal tergites (Ichthyurini). Alternatively, Magis & Wittmer (1974) proposed that the tribes should be defined based on characters of the abdomen and genitalia of males. In this proposal, part of the Ichthyurini genera was transferred to Chauliognathini. However, a cladistic analysis conducted in order to test the monophyly of Chauliognathini sensu Magis & Wittmer indicated that the group is not monophyletic, recovering the groups according to Miskimen\'s proposal (Biffi 2012). The classification of the genera in Ichthyurini is reliable, with taxonomic revisions available for most of them. However, the taxonomy of Chauliognathini is chaotic, with few genera that do not represent the group\'s morphological diversity accordingly. The approximately 900 species and subspecies are mainly allocated in a single genus, Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830, whose imprecise definition covers all the species of Chauliognathini. A new proposal of homologies for the aedeagus of Chauliognathinae is presented. This is the main structure used by some authors to delimit the tribes and genera. Then, a cladistic analysis of Chauliognathini is proposed in order to verify the phylogenetic positioning of its species and to present morphological characters that may support new classifications for the genera. Species representative of the great morphological diversity and the wide geographic distribution were sampled, including the type species of all genera and subgenera. The results confirm the monophyly of Chauliognathini and Ichthyurini as sister groups, according to Miskimen\'s proposal. We discuss the possibilities of redefining or proposing new genera, with a redistribution of species. Finally, a taxonomic revision of Microdaiphron Pic, 1926, is presented. Ten species are recognized as valid, two of them proposed as new species, and 23 species or subspecies are proposed as synonyms. Redescriptions, illustrations and a distribution map are presented for all species
Montingelli, Giovanna Gondim. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Mastigodryas Amaral, 1934 (Serpentes: Colubridae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-03112009-115618/.
Full textThe genus Mastigodryas is widely distributed throughout the Americas, ranging from Southern Mexico to Northern Argentina, as well in continental (as Testigos, Tobago, and Margarita) and oceanic islands of Antilles (San Vincent, Grenade, and Grenadine). Presently the genus is composed by 12 species (being three polytypic), that are arranged in four species groups, bifossatus, boddaerti, melanolomu and pleei, along with three species incertae sedis, namely M. cliftoni, M. danieli and M. pulchriceps. Although the genus had been revised a few decades ago, the taxonomic composition remains complex with the species group taxa poorly diagnosed and exhibiting nomenclatural issues. Moreover, no taxonomic revisionary effort had privileged all known taxonomic diversity and geographic range currently attributed to the genus. This explains the permanence of the biological species concept in species definition, and the use of the subspecific category until today. Additionally, there are controversial issues on herpetological literature regarding the genus group name that should be used for this taxon, Mastigodryas or Dryadophis. In order to contribute to these issues, a comprehensive revisionary effort was performed, with the study of nearly 2000 specimens of the genus from 36 museums and scientific collections. The present contribution is based on the evaluation of the variation of qualitative and quantitative traits on intra and interspecific level and on extensive analysis of geographic variation, aiming to a) determine the status of genus Mastigodryas in comparison to other Colubrid genera and recognize the valid name for the genus, Dryadophis or Mastigodryas, and b) define the taxonomic composition of the genus, recognizing and defining the valid species, considering all specific and subspecific taxa attributed to the genus. Based on the comparative analysis of morphological traits it was possible to diagnose Mastigodryas from other colubrid genera as Chironius, Drymoluber, Dendrophidion, Leptodrymus, Masticophis and Salvadora: the genus is defined by an exclusive combination of external and internal morphological traits. Moreover, based on the examination of type species of genus Mastigodryas it was possible to determine the validity and priority of this name regarding Dryadophis. The study of type specimens and original descriptions revealed that 39 nominal taxa were currently attributed to genus Mastigodryas. Based on the examination of these specimens as well large series it was possible to establish that 18 nominal taxa are valid and available and are recognized as full species: 11 names are presently in use for species of the genus, one species is a revalidation of a taxon in synonymy, and six species correspond to subspecies erected to species category; only two recognized species present no available names, and will be properly described elsewhere. These 20 species were arranged in 5 species groups, being bifossatus, cliftoni and pulchriceps monotypic and boddaerti and pleei polytypic. The group boddaerti is the most diverse, grouping 12 species, M. alternatus, M. boddaerti, M. danieli, M. dorsalis, M. dunni, M. laevis, M. melanolomus, M. reticulatus, M. ruthveni, M. slevini, M. veraecrucis and M. sp. The group pleei harbors 5 species, M. amarali, M. bruesi, M. heathii, M. pleei and M. sp. The remaining 19 nominal taxa are recognized as synonyms of the above mentioned species. These contributions allow the generic and specific recognition, which represents an improvement regarding the present knowledge of the genus. Moreover, these results paved the way to further research on the evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, which will provide important insights on the biogeographic history of Mastigodryas, currently explained by evolutionary scenarios. These hypotheses will contribute to the comprehension of the origin, evolution and biogeography of the Colubrid snakes in Neotropical region.
Näsström, Gunilla. "Measurement of alignment between standards and assessment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Beteendevetenskapliga mätningar, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1865.
Full textGillung, Jessica Paula. "Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística de Philopota Wiedemann (Diptera, Acroceridae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-09042012-164229/.
Full textPhilopota Wiedemann, 1830 is a tropical Philopotinae genus restricted to the New World. The genus comprises very conspicuous species, with arched body shape, long and prominent antennal tubercle and proboscis length often equal to body length. Philopota was described by Wiedemann (1830) for P. cônica, but was subsequently interpreted as a synonymy of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 by many authors. Thus, for decades it was assumed that Philopota was distributed both on Neotropical and Palaeartic regions. Schlinger (1971a) resurrected Oligoneura and the Palaeartic species traditionally allocated in Philopota were then transferred to Oligoneura. Here, all 16 initially valid species of Philopota are revised. Only nine species are recognized as valid and are redescribed. Seven new synonymies are proposed: P. dolorosa Williston, 1901 = P. lugubris Williston, 1901; P. maculicollis Westwood, 1835 = P. cônica Wiedemann, 1830; P. nítida Westwood, 1848 = P. cônica Wiedemann, 1830; P. vidua Erichson, 1840 = P. cônica Wiedemann, 1830; P. ovata Westwood, 1848 = P. liturata Westwood, 1848; P. sóbria Walker; 1852 = P. histrio Erichson, 1840; P. temperata Walker, 1852 = P. histrio Erichson, 1840. Females of P. flavolateralis, P. tuberculata,P. turbinata, 13 new Philopota species, as well as a new genus and species are described. A key to all 22 Philopota species, a catalographic list, maps of distribution, draws of external morphology, male and female genitalia, as well as photographs of the primary types are presented. Furthermore, a phylogenetic hypotesis including all 22 Philopota species and six taxa as outgroup is presented, based on external morphology of adults and male genitalia. The analysis was performed utilizing 64 characters and 28 terminal taxa and resulted in two topologies. The cladograms were obtained using equal and implicit weight for characters. As a result, the monophyly of Philopota is corroborated.
Constantini, Joice Paulo. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Rhynchotermes Holmgren 1912 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-02072014-171142/.
Full textThis work is a taxonomic revision of the genus Rhynchotermes Holmgren, 1912 (Termitidae, Syntermitinae), that until this revision had seven species namely: R.nasutissimus (Silvestri, 1901), R. perarmatus (Snyder, 1925b), R. nyctobius Mathews, 1977, R.diphyes Mathews, 1977, R. piauy Cancello, 1997, R. guarany Cancello, 1977 e R. bulbinasus Scheffrahn, 2010, occurring in the Neotropical Region. I propose two new species and two synonyms (R. nyctobius junior synonym of R. diphyes and R. guarany junior synonym R. nasutissimus). I have examined 198 samples among which those Museum of Zoology and borrowed from other institutions. All soldiers, workers and winged (when available) are described and illustrated, including the digestive tract of the worker that until then had been little studied. Also dichotomous key was made based on the soldier caste to identification of all species, and maps of the geographic distribution of species, as well a compilation of notes on biology of species.
Rocha, Mauricio Martins da. "Revisão e análise filogenética de Armitermes Wasmann, 1897 (Isoptera,Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-08022011-192936/.
Full textThe present work deals with the taxonomic revision of the genus Armitermes Wasman, 1897 (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae), which counts 12 species at the moment: A. armiger, A. cerradoensis, A. euamignathus, A. gnomus, A. grandidens, A. holmgreni, A. lanei, A. manni, A. minutus, A. peruanus, A. projectidens and A. teevani, occurring in all Neotropics. In this work, besides the proposal of four new species and two new synonymies (A. cerradoensis with A. euamignathus and A. projectidens with A. manni), a phylogenetic analysis was accomplished and its results used to support the proposal of four new genera based on morphology. All soldiers were described and illustrated, the mandibles and digestive tract of the worker and the imago caste, when available. Dichotomous keys based on soldiers were also included, for identifying the species of the genera proposed, as well as maps with the geographical distribution of species.
Cezar, Lucas de Araujo. "Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística de Oidardis Hermann (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae: Atomosiini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-08062011-110010/.
Full textOidardis is a neotropical genus of small robber flies, distributed in forest areas from Costa Rica to Argentina. It included, so far: O. gibbosa, O. aenescens, O. triangularis, O. gibba, O. nigra, O. aveledoi and O. curopaoensis. In this study, we attempted to: redescribe all known species of Oidardis, describe new species and elaborate an identification key for all the species of the genus; test the monophyly of Oidardis; test the validity of the synonymies assumed by former authors; and recover the phylogenetic relationship between known species of Oidardis. A total of six species were redescribed and illustrated and six new species described and illustrated. O. nigra is proposed as a new synonim for O. triangularis. A parsimony analysis was performed with 14 ingroup taxa (six valid species; six undescribed species; Eumecosoma tarsalis and E. shropshirei), four outgroup taxa (Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, Perasis sp., Dissmeryngodes sp. and Strombocodia sp.) and 79 morphological characters, including male genitalia. Examined material was obtained from museums and collections worldwide. The analysis returned one most parsimonious hypothesis (L=299, Ci=0,38, Ri=0,42). Monophyly of Oidardis was recovered, based on lateral eye margin smoothly curved, in lateral view and other apomorphies. Preliminary results shows Eumecosoma as being paraphyletic in relation to Oidardis, but a better sampling of it is necessary before any nomenclatural changes are made. Synonimies proposed by former authors seem to be accurate. Within Oidardis, some well supported groups were recovered with remarks to: O. sp. n. 6 as sister-group of O. sp. n. 2, due to their distinct morphology of facial swelling and macrosetae of the mystax. Their close relation to O. aenescens, based on the very short marginal scutellar setae, plus other characters. The two Venezuelan species O. aveledoi and O. curopaoensis, recovered as sister-taxa. O. sp. n. 1 and O. sp. n. 4 formed a group due to their similar color pattern of the thorax. Color, in general, was a very important attribute to the whole hypothesis. An analysis disconsidering these characters returned an unresolved hypothesis for the genus, retaining basically the (O. sp. n. 6, O. sp. n. 2) group.
Santos, Carlos Alberto Garcia. "Revisão de Axonopus serie Suffulti G.A. Black (Poaceae: Paniceae) para o Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-29082007-142020/.
Full textAxonopus is a neotropical genera with about 75 species occurring in Brazil which represents about 70% of the total number of the species of the genera. Axonopus serie Suffulti constitutes a small group including species of controversy taxonomy, characterized by plants with rhizomes, equitant or pseudoequitant, rigid or subrigid foliage and spikelets with brown upper anthecium. Thirty-four forms collection from several parts of the country, were grouped according its phenotypic similarities. Some species could be determined by this method. The karyotypes are composed by a basic number of x=10 apparently constituted by meta and submetacentric chromosomes. The major ploidy level found in A. serie Suffulti was the tetraployd. Eight taxa performed using Giemsa C banding and CMA3/DAPI staining probe showed terminal and proximal heterochromatic segments with strong evidences that each form analyzed constitutes a distinct species. Fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH, was used to investigate the localization of the 45S rDNA site in five entities, revealing high homology between them. Genomic in situ hybridization, GISH, permitted identification of one parental genome in a alotetraployd. Data about ecological preferences and geographic distribution contributed for the species delimitation. This study permitted the establishment of the circumscription of 18 species and 6 varieties.
Romera, Bárbara Louise Valentas. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Diplodonta Bronn, 1831 (Bivalvia: Ungulinidae) na costa brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-10012013-162921/.
Full textThe family Ungulindae is characterized by gruping species with white and fragiles valves in rounded shape. The genus Diplodonta is the most representative of family and is diagnosed by two cardinal teeth in the hinge, one with bifid appearance. The follow species were found in brazilian coast: Diplodonta portesiana (d\'Orbigny, 1846), Diplodonta guaraniana (d\'Orbigny, 1846), Diplodonta patagônica (d\'Orbigny,1842) and Diplodonta notata Dall, 1901. D. portesiana shows rounded shell; concave dorsal margin; nymph wider than longer, with a short ligament; anatomically shows the greatest proportions of labial palps; small podal gap, with mantle lobes fused in 35% of total lenght; stomach internally covered by three sorting áreas, and a long intestine, performing three loopings. D. guaraniana shows a sub triangular shell; with a nearly straight dorsal margin; long ligament; with a vertical pattern of the microscopical sculpture; anatomically shows the smaller proportion between width and hight of anterior adductor muscle; stomach internally divided by a septum and connected at three lateral ducts of digestive diverticula; short intestine, performing one single loop. D. patagônica shows a elliptical shell; the greatest proportion between the adductor muscles; stomach internally divided by a septum, and covered by one sorting área; intestine performing one loop, and anus opening at ventral third portion of anterior surface of posterior adductor muscle. D. notata shows a oval shell, laterally flattened; nymph short and wide, with a short ligament; concave dorsal margin; anatomically shows a great stomach, with six lateral ducts of digestive diverticula; with the longest intestine of the species, performing one loop. Other species were studied and analized: Phlyctiderma semiaspera (Philippi, 1836); Timothynus rehderi (Altena, 1968); Cyrenoida floridana Dall, 1896 and Cyrenoida sp. nov. P. semiaspera, despite the external similarity with D. guaraniana, shows a inflated shell, externally covered by pustules; anatomically shows adductor muscles with same form and size and three pairs of muscles of the inhalant channel. T. rehderi resembles a D. patagônica, but show a thin and iridescent periostrac; umbones large and tall; with three cardinal teeth in right valve; anatomically show the adductor muscles with the same form and size; small labial palps; inner demibranchs fused in the posterior half and anus opening at middle of suprabranchial chamber. The genus Cyrenoida was first related to brazilian coast; is characterized by the rounded valves, posteriorly pointed, with a small channel; covered by a thin light brown periostrac; in the hinge, a fusion between cardinal and lateral laminar teeth; anatomically shows diferences between the adductor muscles; presence of inhalant and exhalant siphons; stomach elongated, without lateral conection of digestive diverticule ducts. The brazilian Diplodonta species, as the other studied species,can be identified by the combination of shell and anatomical characters. Morphologic comparisions are realized with taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences
Curcio, Felipe Franco. "Revisão taxonômica e variação geográfica do gênero Erythrolamprus Boie, 1826 (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-11122008-181606/.
Full textThe genus Erythrolamprus (Serpentes, Xenodontinae) includes six species presently recognized, widely distributed in South and Central America and showing a complex taxonomic history. Due to general uniformity in overall pholidotic patterns, diagnostic features of such taxa are mostly associated to coloration and have never been tested in a comprehensive approach of the variation and geographic range of the group. Nonetheless, literature suggests that populational variation in color patterns of Erythrolamprus might be strongly associated to simpatry with poisonous coral snake species of the genus Micrurus. This study brings a taxonomic revision of the species included in Erythrolamprus based on a sample of 1786 specimens covering the wide distributional range of the genus. External (scale counts and coloration) and internal (hemipenis and teeth) morphology provided the main sources of characters used herein; the continuous variables were submitted to detailed statistical treatment. The final taxonomic decisions were based in comparison with type material (whenever possible), along with an investigation of the taxonomic history of the group. The results of the present revision support the recognition of 12 full species of Erythrolamprus, three of which still lacking available names. Additionally, the analysis of tooth morphology suggests an ontogenetic change form the aglyphous pattern (juveniles) to the opistoglyphous condition, present in the adults of most species. A preliminary comparison of the color patterns shown by the Erythrolamprus species with the ones of sympatric taxa of Micrurus supports previous indications of the existence of mimicry complexes, pointing out to the tendency of monadal typed populations of Erythrolamprus occurring in areas where similar poisonous coral snakes are apparently common. Finally, general patterns of geographic differentiation are suggested to the group and must be tested in future studies of explicit phylogenetic approach.
Benedetti, Alípio Rezende. "Revisão e análise cladística da subfamília Metasarcinae Kury, 1994 (Opiliones; Laniatores; Gonyleptidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-24082012-095936/.
Full textA Metasarcinae Kury, 1994, cladistic analysis was made to test monophyletism and its internal relationship, in order to provide a better foundation for taxonomic review. The data matrix has 33 ingroup terminals and 8 for external group, a total of 41 taxa and 51 characters. An implicit weighting characters analysis with concavity equal 3 resulted in one more parsimonious tree with 319 steps (IC=0,19; IR=0,5). The following unambiguous synapomorphy maintains the Metasarcinae clade: presence of lateral sacs in penis. Three genera are recognised as valid: Ayaucho Roewer, 1949, with two unambiguous synapomorphies, (1) posterior edge with largest width of dorsal scute (exclusive) and (2) convex promontory; Cajamarca Roewer, 1952, with three unambiguous synapomorphies, (1) presence coxae IV external apophysis, (2) trochanter IV with 1 retrolateral tubercle and (3) femur IV with protateral tubercles row; and Metasarcus Roewer, 1913, with one unambiguous synapomorphy, (1) ocularium with mild median depression. A new classification is proposed based on the cladistics analysis results. The subfamily was composed of 13 genera and 25 species, which 21 are recognized as valid and 18 belong to Metasarcinae. The following genera synonymies were done: Cajamarca Roewer, 1952 = Cargaruaya Roewer, 1956, Cajacaybia Roewer, 1957, Palcares Roewer, 1957 and Tapacochana Roewer, 1957. Metasarcus Roewer, 1913 = Chacoikeontus Roewer, 1929, Tshaidicancha Roewer, 1957 and Incasarcus Kury & Maury, 1998. The following species synonymies were done: Cajamarca weyrauchi Roewer, 1952, = Cajamarca affinis Roewer, 1957; Cajamarca bambamarca Roewer, 1957 = Cajamarca triseriata Roewer, 1957; Metasarcus bolivianus Roewer, 1913 = Metasarcus armatipalpus (Roewer, 1929); Palcares spiniger Roewer, 1957 = Palcares serrifemur Roewer, 1959. The following species present new combination: Cajamarca inermis (Roewer, 1957), Cajamarca insignita (Roewer, 1957), Cajamarca spinigera (Roewer, 1957), Metasarcus argenteus (Kury & Maury, 1998), Metasarcus clavifemur (Roewer, 1929), Metasarcus dianae (Kury & Maury, 1998), Metasarcus ochoai (Kury & Maury, 1998), Metasarcus pictus (Kury & Maury, 1998), Metasarcus viracocha (Kury & Maury, 1998) e Metasarcus weyrauchi (Roewer, 1957). These species had to be renamed: Cajamarca ancash, Cajamarca cajacay and Cajamarca sanjuan. Were described as new 18 species: Ayacucho pomacocha, Ayacucho silvae, Cajamarca querococha, Metasarcus antonionii, Metasarcus bergmani, Metasarcus chaplini, Metasarcus fellinii, Metasarcus joseochoai, Metasarcus kubricki, Metasarcus kurosawai, Metasarcus limachii, Metasarcus pasolinii, Metasarcus scorsesei, Metasarcus spielbergi, Metasarcus trispinosus, Metasarcus vacafloresae, Metasarcus woodyalleni and Metasarcus yucumo.
Rosa, Simone Policena. "Análise filogenética e revisão taxonômica da tribo Pyrophorini Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-04092007-174412/.
Full textThe tribe Pyrophorini (sensu Costa, 1975) comprises 144 species and 19 genera that occur in Neotropical, Southern Neartic and Australian Regions. They have been traditionally recognized as a monophyletic group, sharing as a presumed synapomorphy the bioluminescent organs. I present here a cladistic analysis of the tribe, based on the adult morphology. This study resulted in eight alternative phylogenetic hypotheses. The most parsimonious cladograms show that Pyrophorini (sensu Costa, 1975) is paraphyletic, because it includes, among the descendants of its most recent ancestor, six genera of Heligmini: Meroplinthus Candèze, 1891, Schistogyne Costa, 1975, Agnostelater Costa, 1975, Paraphileus Candèze, 1881, Euplinthus Costa, 1975 and Compsoplinthus Costa, 1975. The presence of a pair of bioluminescent organs on pronotum is corroborated as synapomorphy for the tribe, but this condition was lost three times independently and it was acquired homoplastically at least once in the internal group. The genera Pyrearinus Costa, 1975, Deilelater Costa, 1975, Lygelater Costa, 1975 and Ptesimopsia Costa, 1975 were subdivided in species groups that were included as terminal taxa in the analysis; they resulted polyphyletic. Four new genera were recognized: Genus B gen n., Genus C gen n., Genus D gen n. and Genus E gen n. For an undescribed species is also proposed the Genus A gen n. The monophyly of the Oceanic and Neotropical genera is confirmed, their disjunction is, probably, due to the tectonic of Gondwana, during the Mesozoic. The consensus cladogram show the following phylogenetic relationships for the tribe Pyrophorini sensu novo: ((Noxlumenes (Nyctophyxis + Cryptolampros)) + (Gênero A the gen. n. (Pyrophorus (Fulgeochlizus (Meroplinthus (Ptesimopsia paralella (Ptesimopsia (Hapsodrilus (Pyroptesis Sooporanga))))) + ((Gênero B gen. n., Pyrearinus, (Phanophorus+Hypsiophthalmus)) + (Gênero C gen. n. (Gênero D gen. n. (Coctilelater (Agnostelater (Paraphileus (Euplinthus (Campsoplinthus (Hifo (Opselater, group melanurus, Lygelater, L. bifossulatus, Deilelater, (Photophorus + Ignelater), (Gênero E gen. n. (V. sirius comb. n. (V gemmiferus + Vesperelater))))))))))))))))). A new composition is proposed for the tribe Pyrophorini, including now 159 species and 30 genera subdivided in two subtribes, Nyctophyxina Costa, 1975 and Pyrophorina Candèze, 1863. Taxonomic revisions of all genera, including new characters mainly of the metanotum, mesoventrite, aedeagous and illustrations for most of them are also given.
Silva, João Paulo Capretz Batista da. "Revisão taxonômica e morfológica do complexo Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-09042010-092142/.
Full textThe family Potamotrygonidae is a monophyletic group of rays exclusive of freshwater environment, occurring on the majority of South American neotropical rivers. It also presents an extremely confuse taxonomic situation due to its highly diverse disc coloration, the absence of a greater number of diagnostic characters to identify its members and the confusion on the literature involving its nominal species. The coloration pattern, used as the main character on the identification of species is not adequate to separate similar species since an enormous quantity of intermediate patterns exists. Potamotrygom orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855), and species with similar reticulate color patterns were submitted to an accurate taxonomical analysis, since the limits of P. orbignyi and the taxonomic status of the probable related nominal species were uncertain. In this way, with the intention to solve part of the taxonomic problematic inside the family Potamotrygonidae, Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855), Potamotrygon dumerilii (Castelnau, 1855), Potamotrygon reticulatus (Günther, 1880) and Potamotrygon humerosa Garman, 1913, that are distributed in Amazonic basin, in Venezuela (río Orinoco), Colômbia, Guianas and Suriname, were taxonomically analyzed. The taxonomic analysis revealed, based on a detailed morphological study that Potamotrygon reticulatus and Potamotrygon dumerilii represent actually variation patterns found inside Potamotrygon orbignyi and treated consequently as synonyms. Besides this, the nominal species Potamotrygon humerosa and Potamotrygon marinae presented a set of characters that did not allow including them as synonyms of Potamotrygon orbignyi, confirming thus, as suspected by previous authors, their validity status.
Moretti, Renata. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Coleodactylus Parker, 1926 (Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-07052009-164221/.
Full textColeodactylus genus is widespread among the north of South America and assembles five species of dimunitive lizards that live in forests leaf-leather. The majority of studies regarding this genus do not consider morphological variations between species. Vanzolini (1967) made the last revision about this group. Species from this genus are known for being cryptical. Except for more evident differences that separate C. amazonicus from other species of this genus, diagnostic characters are mainly related to the number of scales in the head. Recently, a work based on molecular data was published. It hypothesized the relationship between species and indicated that diversity in this group is underestimated (Geurgas et al., 2008). Herein we performed the taxonomic revision of the genus, guided by molecular analysis, considering external morphological data. The evaluation of 3904 specimens, which were sampled in almost the entire geographical distribution of the genus, indicated strong morphological similarity among Coleodactylus clades, showing also conserved external morphology, despite the accentuated genetic differentiation. Results from this work, in general terms, corroborated the analysis of Geurgas et. al (2008). Diagnosed species were morphologically congruous with monophyletic groups found in this molecular work. Morphological variations found here will allow the recognition of four new species, two of them allocated in C. septentrionalis and another two in C. meridionalis, increasing to nine the number of species in the genus. Due to their external morphology homogeneity and diminutive size, we strongly suggest that studies of different nature (osteological, ecological, etc) should be made in order to unravel the real diversity of the genus.
Yamamoto, Flávio Uemori. "Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética do gênero Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Idiopidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-23072013-150743/.
Full textIdiops is one of the diverse genera among Mygalomorphae spiders, presenting 80 species and one subspecies, occurring in Central and South America, Africa and west Asia. They are known as trapdoor spiders, and use their rastellum to excavate burrows in the soil and protect the entrance with a well masked trapdoor. The females live permanently in burrow, while adult males usually wander around in search of mate. The present study aimed to taxonomically revise Idiops species, redescribe then and develop a phylogenetic analysis, testing Idiops monophyly, and analyze its species relationship. The taxonomic review resulted in the establishment of the following synonyms: Idiops crudeni is junior-synonym of I. flaveolus; I. gunningi and the subspecies I. gunningi elongates are junior-synonym of I. pretoriae; I. munois e I. lusingius are junior-synonym of I. straeleni; I. pullus is junior-synonym of I. parvus; .and I. rubrolimbatus is junior-synonym of I. fossor. The cladistic analysis included 54 Idiops species and at least one representative of each Idiopinae genus. Idiops was considered paraphyletic in analysis made here. Based on the phylogenetic results, Idiops is redefined with only ten species: I. clarus, I. germaini, I. argus, I. cambridgei, I. camelus, I. pirassununguensis, I. rastratus, I. opifex, I. fuscus and I. rohdei, all occurring in American continent. Three new genera are proposed based on the cladistic results: Gen. n. 1, with Gen. n. 1 upembensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 wittei comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 schenkeli comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 kaperonis comb. nov. and Gen. n. 1 kazibius comb. nov.; Gen. n. 2., with Gen. n. 2 kanonganus comb. nov., Gen. n. 2 fageli comb. nov. and Gen. n. 2 angusticeps comb. nov.; Gen. n. 3, with Gen. n. 3 castaneus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 versicolor comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 yemenensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 parvus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 pretoriae and Gen. n. 3 fryi comb. nov. The cladistic results also led to the following transferences: I. straeleni is transferred to Heligmomerus; I. crassus, I. constructor, I. fortis, I. bombayensis and I. robustos are transferred to Titanidiops; and I. flaveolus and Gorgyrella schreineri minor are transferred to Segregara. Idiops species that are not listed in the genera above are considered species inquirenda> or incertae sedis.
Gomes, Jaime Alberto Jardim. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Ischnoplax (Chitonoidea; Callistoplacidae) do Atlântico Oeste." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-17062016-205541/.
Full textThe taxonomy of the genus Ischnoplax has never been revised and is included in a family of uncertain taxonomic position. It is currently composed of three species distributed from Florida (USA) to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) of which the synonymization of Ischnoplax incurvata with Ischnoplax pectinata has been widely discussed. The aim of the present study is to undertake a thorough taxonomic review of the genus Ischnoplax using the external and internal anatomy and create a comparative scenario. This involved the analysis of 2.200 specimens, with 430 at different ontogenetic stages and including almost all type specimens. We recognized three valid species. Ischnoplax incurvata and I. edwini were synonymized with Ischnoplax pectinata, for which Lepidochitona montoucheti, Ischnochiton aidae, Ischnochiton lopesi and Callistochiton laticostatus are also synonyms. A new species was identified and a description is given. Of all the characters studied, the color, sculpture of the valves, structures of the girdle, morphology of the valves (especially the tail valve), number of gill filaments, anatomy and the major lateral radular teeth were fundamental for to the taxonomic organization of the genus. Complementary to the taxonomic study we also undertook a comparative analysis of the morphology by means of dissections of different species. The geographical distribution of the genus was also revised and an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge along with a new occurrence from Uruguay are given. The differences and similarities of morphology observed in almost all structures were sufficient to aid in the taxonomic organization of the genus as well as to determine synonyms and the differences between structures at several stages of development.
Figueirêdo, Sarah Tházia Viana de. "Revisão taxonômica e morfológica do gênero Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 do Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-21102011-161727/.
Full textThe genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae) comprises a group of cosmopolitan sharks species with a high taxonomic complexity due to difficulties in morphologically differentiating its component species, many of which must be taxonomically reviewed. Currently, there are 24 valid species of Squalus which have been divided into three species-complexes according to morphological similarity: the S. acanthias group, the S. megalops group, and the S. mitsukurii group. Loss of type-specimens of nominal species, the propagation of erroneous identifications in the literature, and difficulties in obtaining representative series for comparison are secondary challenges that impede a global taxonomical revision of Squalus. This problem applies very clearly to species from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean as well, including species that occur off Brazil, mostly because of a complete lack of detailed morphological revisions. Following a current global tendency, a regional taxonomic review of Squalus was conducted in order to investigate which species are valid in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean as well elucidate which diagnostic morphological characters can be efficiently used to separate species. The present proposal aimed to conduct a taxonomic review of the genus Squalus from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean through a comparative and detailed analysis of external and skeletal morphology from representative series of specimens of Squalus from the region. The results obtained validate four available nominal species, Squalus acanthias, S. blainvillei, S. megalops, S. cubensis, and also includes characterization of Squalus sp. The results are based on aspects of external morphometry, dentition, color pattern, meristic data, and characters from the skeleton (primarily neurocrania) which were illustrated and compared with specimens of Squalus from other geographic regions.
SILVA, Gutembergue Francisco da. "Revisão das espécies do gênero Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918 (Neogastropoda, Conoidea, Drilliidae) no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18917.
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O gênero Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918 é um grupo de gastrópodes marinhos encontrados em águas rasas. Ele é composto por cerca de 10 espécies no Atlântico Ocidental, sendo 5 delas referidas atualmente para a costa brasileira na região norte-nordeste. Podem ser coletados em sedimentos móveis, são carnívoros e pouco frequentes. Apresentam conchas fusiformes, pequenas e de tamanho médio variando entre 3 e 30 mm, alongadas, com espira elevada e canal sifonal truncado; sinus em forma de ‘U” sobre a região do ombro. O sistema radular característico é 1.1.1.1.1.1. A classificação das espécies de Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918, que são referidas para a costa do Brasil, é em certos casos, baseada em morfótipos ocorrentes no Caribe ou América do Norte e podem apresentar conquiliologia diferente das espécies encontradas no Brasil. A dificuldade em definir e separar adequadamente este grupo, com base em características consistentes, deve-se principalmente ao fato de que estes gastrópodes são ainda pouco estudados no Brasil. Estudos taxonômicos acerca do gênero supracitado buscam atualizar e sugerir caracteres consistentes para preencher as lacunas referentes à sua anatomia, ecologia, taxonomia e distribuição geográfica e batimétrica. O material foi obtido através de dragagens durante diferentes expedições oceanográficas realizadas na plataforma continental do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. O presente estudo foi baseado nas descrições originais das espécies e na análise do material tipológico. As informações acerca das distribuições geográficas e batimétricas foram reunidos e atualizados. São registradas neste trabalho, cinco espécies de Clathrodrillia: Clathrodrillia aff. gibbosa (Born, 1778); Clathrodrillia aff. dautzenbergi (Tippett, 1995); Clathrodrillia paria (Reeve, 1846); Clathrodrillia albicoma (Dall, 1889) e Clathrodrillia phasma (Schwengel, 1940). Destas, apenas C. phasma, não havia sido registrada na costa brasileira. Neste trabalho a referida espécie foi encontrada nos estados do Amapá, Ceará, Maranhão e Bahia, e teve sua batimetria ampliada de 22 para 106 metros. Constatou-se que C. aff. dautzenbergi apresenta marcantes diferenças conquiliológicas que sugerem que ela seja uma nova espécie para a Ciência.
The Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918 genus is a group of marine gastropods found in shallow waters. Consists of about 10 species in the Western Atlantic, 5 of which are currently referred to the Brazilian coast in the North-Northeast. Are collected in mobile sediments, are carnivores and infrequente. Present fusiform shells, small and medium- sized ranging between 3 and 30 mm, elongated, with high spiral, truncated siphonal canal; sinus-shaped 'U' on the shoulder. The characteristic radula system is 1.1.1.1.1.1. The classification of species Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918, which are referred to the coast of Brazil, is in some cases based on morphotypes occurring in the Caribbean or North America, and may appear different from the species found in Brazil. The difficulty in defining and adequately separate this group, based on consistent characteristics, is mainly due to the fact that these gastropods are still little studied in Brazil. Taxonomic studies on the aforementioned genus seeking to upgrade and suggest consistent characters to fill in the gaps regarding its anatomy, ecology, taxonomy and geographic and bathymetric distribution. The material was obtained by dredging during different oceanographic expeditions in North and Northeast Brazil continental shelf. This study was based on the original species descriptions and analysis of type material. The information on the geographic and bathymetric distributions were gathered and updated. Are recorded in this study, five species of Clathrodrillia: Clathrodrillia aff. gibbosa (Born, 1778); Clathrodrillia aff. dautzenbergi (Tippett, 1995); Clathrodrillia paria (Reeve, 1846); Clathrodrillia albicoma (Dall, 1889) and Clathrodrillia phasma (Schwengel, 1940). Of these, only C. phasma, had not been registered with the Brazilian coast. In this work the species was found in the states of Amapá, Ceará, Maranhão and Bahia, and had its bathymetry expanded from 22 to 106 meters. It was found that C. aff. dautzenbergi shows striking differences that suggest that it is a new species for science.
Prado, Joyce Rodrigues do. "Revisão taxonômica de Aegialomys (Weksler, Percequillo & Voss, 2006) (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-26102012-164746/.
Full textAegialomys is a member of Oryzomyini tribe that occurs through the open habitats, west of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Andes, including the Galapagos Archipelago. This genus, recently described, consists of two species, A. galapagoensis and A. xanthaeolus. Nevertheless, additional information suggests there is one undescribed species in the Ecuadorian region. This fact, along with questions raised in the literature regarding the taxonomic status of Oryzomys xanthaeolus ica, and some reserves about Oryzomys baroni, has motivated a taxonomic review of this group. Within this context the present study describes the patterns of variation of the available samples, in order to characterize the taxa on morphologic and morphometric aspects; to describe the intra and interspecific variation; to assign the valid and available names to all valid taxa; and to establish the geographic distribution of each recognized species, and the kinship. In order to achieve these goals, I studied specimens housed at several scientific collections in the United States, England and Peru. Morphometric (univariate and multivariate statistical analyses) and morphologic (character-state frequencies) analyses were conducted in adult specimens, employing both sexes. The morphometric characters consisted of body dimensions and skull and molar measurements. Univariate normality was tested. At first, I present the genus taxonomic history and a systematic catalog with information regarding the type material of each nominal taxa. The distribution of Aegialomys in the continent is limited by Esmeraldas (Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador) to the north; by the Hacienda Checayani, Azangaro (Depto. De Puno, Peru) to the south and west; and by the coast to the west. The genus is also found in a continental island close to the continent, Isla Puna, and inoceanic islands that form the Galapagos Archipelago. The morphometric and morphologic data revealed that the specimens examined are similar in some of their external, cranial and dental characters, independently of its geographical origin; however, I notice some variations related to the geography in characters like the dorsal and ventral color, lacrimal position, palate length, presence of anterocone flexus in M1, and presence of anteroconid flexus in M1. A pronounced addition in cranial dimensions is observed through north-south distribution, which revealed the existence of three distinct clusters: North, South and Galapagos of which the names A. xanthaeolus, A. baroni and A. galapagoensis was designated respectively. The samples of Galapagos exhibit morphometric and morphologically similarity to the South samples; however, an important character is shared among the individuals of Galapagos and North cluster, which is the presence of anterocone and anteroconid flexus. The distribution limits of continental species were consistent with the existing climate transition zone in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, where the climate changes from wet to dry, and also consistent with data related to the areas of endemism and barriers to the faunal dispersion reported for other vertebrate groups. The kinship among the species was established based on a morphological phylogeny, revealing that the continental species are more closely related to each other than with A. galapagoensis.
Paixão, Andrea de Carvalho. "Revisão taxonômica e filogenia do gênero Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-01052013-105133/.
Full textThis main goals of this study were to taxonomically review the species of the genus Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae); to update the information on the geographical distribution of all species of the genus; to propose a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among these species and to test the hypotheses of the monophyly of Loricariichthys and its relationships with other Loricariinae. Seventeen species are recognized, of which three are new: Loricariichthys sp. n. 1 occurs in the rio Orinoco basin; Loricariichthys sp. n. 2 in the basin of the rio Tocantins-Araguaia, and Loricariichthys sp. n. 3 in the rio Madeira basin. The nominal species L. chanjoo (Fowler, 1940) and L. ucayalensis Regan, 1913 are considered junior synonyms of L. stuebelii (Steindachner, 1882), both described from the rio Ucayali basin, in Peru. From the same basin, L. cashibo (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) is tentatively considered a junior synonym of L. hauxwelli Fowler, 1915. Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock, 1828) described from the Orinoco River basin, is considered \"species inquirenda.\" A phylogenetic analysis based on 84 morphological characters and 54 taxa resulted in 36 most parsimonious cladograms (IC = 43, IR = 87), that were summarized in a strict consensus cladogram. Loricariichthys was corroborated as monophyletic based on five exclusive synapomorphies, and the genus is hypothesized as the sister group of Hemiodontichthys. Eight monophyletic taxa at different levels of universality were proposed within the genus. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Loricariinae are also discussed
Santana, William Ricardo Amancio. "Revisão taxonômica e relações filogenéticas em Inachoididae Dana, 1851 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-29012009-100852/.
Full textThis work is organized in two main parts: a taxonomic revision of the genera and species of Inachoididae, and a phylogenetic analysis to test the monophyly of the family and to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological data. The study of large collections containing hundreds of specimens pertaining to 35 species distributed in 11 genera of Inachoididae supported the taxonomic revision. All genera attributed to Inachoididae were examined. From the whole family, only Collodes nudus Stimpson, 1871 e C. robsonae Garth, 1958 could not be examined. The studied material included types of 26 nominal species. Prior to the beginning of our work, the family Inachoididae was composed by 34 species in 10 genera. The monotypic genus Erileptus Rathbun, 1893, traditionally attributed to Inachidae, was transferred to Inachoididae; Pyromaia vogelsangi Türkay, 1968 synonymized to Anasimus latus Rathbun, 1894; and Euprognatha n. sp. described with material from the northeast coast of Brazil. Lectotypes were designated for the following species: Anasimus fugax A. MilneEdwards, 1880; Collodes robustus Smith, 1883; Collodes depressus A. MilneEdwards, 1878; Erileptus spinosus Rathbun, 1893; Anasimus rostratus Rathbun, 1893; Euprognatha acuta A. MilneEdwards, 1880; Batrachonotus nicholsi Rathbun, 1894; Euprognatha granulata Faxon, 1893; Leurocyclus gracilipes (A. Milne Edwards in A. MilneEdwards & Bouvier, 1923). For the phylogenetic analysis, 57 morphological characters were obtained. The outgroup was composed by representatives from three families of Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 (Inachidae MacLeay, 1838; Oregoniidae Garth, 1958; Pisidae Dana, 1851). We obtained 24 equally most parsimonious trees (191 steps; Consistency Index 0.26; Retention Index 0.71). The monophyly of Inachoididae was recovered unequivocally. The genera Euprognatha Stimpson, 1871, Inachoides H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842 and Paradasygyius Garth, 1958 are monophyletic. The monotypic genera Aepinus Rathbun , 1897, Arachnopsis Stimpson , 1871, Batrachonotus Stimpson, 1871, Erileptus and Leurocyclus Rathbun, 1897 are paraphyletic by definition. Anasimus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, Collodes Stimpson, 1860 and Pyromaia Stimpson, 1871 are paraphyletic. The consequences for the classification of Inachodidae are discussed in detail.
Ek, Kajsa, and Emma Hildorsson. "Ett läromedel – flera möjligheter? : En analys av ett läromedel i svenska på lågstadiet utifrån Blooms reviderade taxonomi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96146.
Full textLoeb, Marina Vianna. "Relações filogenéticas de Eugraulinae e revisão do gênero Anchoviella Fowler, 1911 (Clupeiformes, Eugraulidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-02082016-144438/.
Full textEngraulinae, a subfamily of Engraulidae, includes eleven genera and about 90 species with marine, estuarine and freshwater habits, distributed in South, Central and North America, except Encrasicholina and Engraulis, the first one restricted to the Indo-Pacific and the second, with a global distribution. Anchoviella, one genus of Egraulidae, that belongs to the New World Anchovies group, is represented by 15 described species but, according to many authors, most species of the genus are poorly described and in need of revision. The monophyly of Engraulinae is supported by four synapomorphies related to general morphology of the body, pattern of sensory cephalic canals and characteristics of the caudal skeleton and branchial arches. The present study has two main goals: i) to analyse the phylogenetic relationships within Engraulinae based on morphological data, aiming to highlight evolution patterns within the groups of the subfamily, ii) to perform the taxonomic revision of Anchoviella based on the analysis of 103 external and internal morphological characters of all the genera within Engraulinae. The monophyly of Engraulinae and Engraulini was not herein corroborated, as well as the monophyly of most of the genera within the subfamily, except Anchovia, that was included in a monophyletic clade with a strong Bremer support. Proposed as the most derived genus within the Engraulinae in previous studies, the genus Encrasicholina was herein included within one of the major clades of the family, together with species of Stolephorus, Engraulis and Anchoa. Pterengraulis atherinoides is the more derived taxon within the Engraulidae, together with Lycengraulis grossidens and Anchoa spinifer, also included within the more derived taxa of the family. Moreover, one major clade with species belonging to Amazonsprattus scintilla, Anchoviella and Anchoa was obtained, reinforcing the hypothesis of a close relationship among Amazonsprattus scintilla and Anchoviella and among Anchoa and Anchoviella. The taxonomic revision of Anchoviella revealed the existence of 13 valid species and two undescribed freshwater species. However, according to the results obtained through the phylogenetic analysis undertaken, only three among these species should be maintained within Anchoviella, while the other species would form a new genus including Amazonsprattus scintilla.
Ferreira, Luciane Augusto de Azevedo. "Revisão taxonômica e filogenia do gênero Megalobrachium Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-23122015-142725/.
Full textThe present study deals with the porcelain crab genus Megalolobrachium Stimpson, 1858 and is organized in three parts: (1) a taxonomic revision of species hitherto attributed to Megalobrachium; (2) a review of morphological diversity of the genus in the broader context of the Porcellanidae; and (3) a cladistic analysis of morphological data, to test the monophyly of Megalobrachium and propose a first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus. The taxonomic revision was based on abundant material from different localities in the tropical eastern Pacific and western Atlantic. A new species of Megalobrachium is described based on material from the Pacific coast of Panama and Colombia, bringing the total number of species in Megalobrachium to 13. In the phylogenetic analysis, 151 characters were used; the outgroup included four species from three genera, Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858, Pisidia Leach, 1820, and Porcellana Lamarck, 1801. One single tree (314 steps; CI: 64; RI: 80) was obtained, with two major clades. The first clade includes species with markedly deflexed frontal lobes, short antennal flagellum, latter with elongate joints, short and robust ambulatory legs, subtriangular abdomen in males, female fourth pleopod with three segments, and short uropods. The second clade contains species with straight frontal lobes, long antennal flagellum, latter with short joints, long and slender ambulatory legs, subrectangular abdomen in males, female fourth pleopod with two segments, and long uropods. The first clade thus corresponds to Porcellanopsis Rathbun, 1910 (type-species P. festae (Nobili, 1901)), previously treated as a synonym of Megalobrachium. However, the above-listed morphological differences between Megalobrachium and Porcellanopsis justify the revalidation of Porcellanopsis. Three species were erroneously recorded from the eastern Pacific, namely M. mortenseni Haig, 1962, P. rosea (Rathbun, 1900) and P. soriata (Say, 1818); their distribution range is restricted to the western Atlantic.